The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is that expression is as structure chart embodiments of the present invention 1 and the brassiere organically corresponding female clothing material of human skeleton.
Among Fig. 1, the 1st, expression is as the brassiere of female clothing material, and this brassiere 1 is provided with the left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 that covers women left and right sides chest respectively.These left right lingerie cup portions the 2, the 3rd carry out the transition to the side with lower side from this left side right lingerie cup portion 2,3 and the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body that is provided with is sewed up all-in-one-pieces.Because above-mentioned brassiere 1 is to link with the both ends that stoppers such as hook or buttonhole will be positioned at the back side one side of the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body, thereby the big lamellar body 4 of this front and rear body just is formed and covers the cylindric of 5 full weeks of human skeleton.The big lamellar body 4 of this front and rear body can constitute with 1 banded cloth sheet that spreads all over 5 full weeks of human skeleton, also can be by laying respectively at left right lingerie cup portion 2, the big lamellar body of front and rear body about 3 bottoms and sewing up and the big lamellar body of front and rear body that is positioned at the back side one side constitutes at the big lamellar body of side portion and the front and rear body about these respectively perhaps also can be by being positioned at left right lingerie cup portion 2, the big lamellar body of front and rear body of 3 central portion below, from left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 bottoms begin to lay respectively at side one side about the big lamellar body of front and rear body, sew up and many big lamellar bodies of front and rear body such as the big lamellar body of front and rear body of being positioned at rear side constitute at the big lamellar body of side portion and the front and rear body about these respectively.In addition, the big lamellar body 4 of above-mentioned front and rear body also can have retractility and big lamellar body 4 formation of this front and rear body are cylindric by the raw material that makes its rear side of formation, and makes the structure of not using the stopper that is formed by hook or buttonhole etc.Among Fig. 1, the 6, the 7th, about extension strap piggyback.
Chest cup portion 2,3 about above-mentioned can be with soft resins such as polyurathamcs, constitute the cup-shaped of regulation with technologies such as die formings with being integral, also can be made of raw material that constitutes these chest cup portion 2,3 face side and the raw material that constitutes these chest cup portion 2,3 the inside sides.Certainly, above-mentioned left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 can also be by the raw material that constitutes this glass portion 2,3 face side, constitute the raw material of this glass portion 2,3 the inside sides and constitute between raw material 7 that constitutes these face side and the breast liner that constitutes between the raw material 8 of the inside side.
Overlook the left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 o'clock of brassiere 1 of the present invention from human body (chest over top) front upper place, the needle tracking (two-wire) that forms with the crosspointer chain stitch machine at the junction surface of the large stretch of and cup portion of front and rear body in chest side portion as shown in figure 19, be make become at interval narrow, down to not confirming that two-wire is like that with 2,3 bendings of chest cup portion.
Present embodiment is to make to spread all over the full local section shape that covers human skeleton in the female clothing material that has with the organically corresponding big lamellar body of front and rear body of human skeleton, with the big lamellar body of above-mentioned front and rear body allly, in the big lamellar body of this front and rear body, at least on the front of human skeleton or the side in the back side, be provided with the power service portion that furthers, so that make the power generation effect that furthers from the side surface part one side direction central portion of human skeleton.
Present embodiment is to be provided with the side portion that supports human skeleton and the frame body of chest with being integral, by the big lamellar body of the front and rear body with retractility the central portion that this frame body constitutes to human skeleton is furthered.
Promptly, above-mentioned brassiere 1 as shown in Figure 3, have the side portion of the chest section configuration that left and right sides frame body 11,12 that section is the コ font is used to support the female body skeleton and the side portion of chest.These frame bodies 11,12 as shown in Figure 3, form by foamed resin products such as the resin molded body of plastics series or polyurathamc etc., make as shown in Figure 6, cover part midway, and cover the part 16 of the chest section configuration 13 that is positioned at chest B below from the side portion 14 of women's chest section configuration 13 to the side 15 of side portion one side of chest B.Said frame body 11,12 as shown in Figure 3, the part that is positioned at the side portion 14 of human skeleton 5 is that front face side 11a, the 12a from this side portion 14 carries out the transition to rear side 11b, 12b, makes the shape consistent with chest section configuration 13.And, part 11c, the 12c of the side 15 of side portion one side that is positioned at chest B of said frame body 11,12 makes with the section configuration of the chest B of human skeleton 5 to compare, and the curvature that chest B is made ratio of curvature human skeleton 5 with furthering more to the inside is big (rapid bending) also.And, when foamed resin products such as polyurathamc are used as the raw material that forms said frame body 11,12, the foaming body of continuous air bubbles can be constituted as matrix, under the occasion of the separated foam that is rich in aeration, can make the structure of offering a plurality of apertures with physical method.
Fig. 3 is the view that the brassiere 1 of present embodiment is worn in expression, and the state before the dress will constitute the frame body 11,12 and brassiere body 1 tie lines (synthesizing) of arm following side shown in Figure 20 (a).
The present invention can be shown in Figure 20 (b), will to this brassiere body 1 shape roughly similar, little one frame body 11 of enclosing the land and forming, synthesize or part tie lines ground formation with the bottom of brassiere body 1, also can be shown in Figure 20 (c), with frame body 11 " (constituting whole) constitutes synthetically with the inside of brassiere body 1.
Frame body of the present invention be corresponding with the people's body section shown in Fig. 6 (a), with frame body shown in Fig. 6 (b) when being worn accordingly, produce the effect that as shown in figure 3 chest B is furthered to the human body central part from sidepiece, though exaggerated some slightly among Fig. 6 (c), black contour image wherein conclusivelys show resulting result.
And, said frame body 11,12 can be as shown in Figure 5, make any combination more than a kind that strength (intensity) constitutes or a plurality of grade thickness constitutes or elongation (stretching) rate of a plurality of grades constitutes of a plurality of (such as 3~4) grade, constitute by polies such as lining cloth zoarium and formed body.At this moment, the structure of said frame body 11,12 can make as shown in Figure 5, the all of side portion one side from the side portion 14 of female chest section configuration 13 to chest B covers with intensity or the more weak or thin material 17 of retractility, then, the all of side portion one side from the side portion of its inboard female chest section configuration to chest covers with intensity or the weak slightly or thin slightly material 18 of retractility, covers the part of the side portion of the part of side portion of female chest section configurations and chest again with intensity or the strong or thick material 19,20 of retractility.The two sides is used by multiple material piece and is sewed up or engage 21 coverings of all-in-one-piece cloth sheet in the table of said frame body 11,12.At this moment, intensity in the multiple material of formation said frame body 11,12 or the stronger or thick material of retractility can be put into inner face side ground stacked arrangement, also can be by the order stacked arrangement of putting upside down.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, being positioned at the front face side 4a of human skeleton and the part of rear side 4b in the big lamellar body 4 of above-mentioned front and rear body is to have the material of retractility to form by elastic fabric etc., like this, part 4a, the 4b of the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body that is made of this retractility material just constitute the power service portion that furthers, so that make the human skeleton power generation effect that furthers of portion's one side direction central portion from the side.
With wire armature 22 along above-mentioned left right lingerie cup portion 2, under the occasion that 3 following ora terminalis sets, formation shown in Fig. 7 (a), promptly, the shape set of the wire armature of seeing from the front 22 that dress is preceding becomes the curvature big slightly (bending sharp) near the ratio of curvature wearer's of the end side 22b of the side portion of the end side 22a of the central portion of chest B and close chest chest B, when wearing, expand out accordingly with the end side 22a of the close chest B central portion of wire armature 22 with near the end side 22b of side portion and wearer's chest B, thus, by the elastic restoring force of this wire armature 22, just can produce an effect that makes chest B near central portion.
And, since will be shown in Fig. 7 (b) about wire armature link all-in-one-piece W font wire armature 23 as above-mentioned wire armature 22, thereby just can impel in frame body 11,12 tendencies just, the effect of the chest B that furthers is further brought into play.At this moment, owing to improve expansion and contraction between the skeleton that is positioned at the pars intermedia both sides of wire armature 23 of above-mentioned W font, promptly, owing to improved restoring force when left and right sides skeleton leaves, thereby can bring into play the effect of the chest B that furthers effectively.
Can substitute above-mentioned wire armature 22,23 and use as Fig. 7 (c) shown in, with the elastomeric material 24 of the super percentage elongation of the inner face side that is configured in the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body with left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 bindings and effect that chest is gathered constitutes with being brought into play mutually.By the elasticity composition of this super percentage elongation and the wire armature 22 shown in Fig. 7 (a) are made up synthetically, just can further improve the effect that chest is gathered.
Like this, because in the brassiere 1 of above-mentioned embodiment, be provided with the frame body 11 of the side portion 15 of the side portion 14 that supports human skeleton 5 and chest B as shown in figures 1 and 3 with being integral, 12, with the big lamellar body 4 of the front and rear body with retractility, central portion to human skeleton 5 constitutes this frame body 11 with furthering, 12, thereby by frame body 11,12 support under the state of side portion 15 of the side portion 14 of human skeleton 5 and chest B integratedly, just can be as Fig. 6 (a), (b) shown in, by this frame body 11, the 12 side portions 15 with the side portion 14 of human skeleton 5 and chest B further to central portion, can give full play to the effect that chest is gathered.
And, wire armature 22 is being arranged on the left right lingerie cup portion 2 of above-mentioned brassiere 1, under the occasion of 3 following ora terminalis, as shown in Figure 7, the shape set of the wire armature of seeing from the front 22 that dress is preceding becomes the curvature big slightly (bending sharp) near the ratio of curvature wearer's of the end side 22b of the side portion of the end side 22a of the central portion of chest B and close chest chest B, when wearing, the end side 22b of the end side 22a of the close chest B central portion of wire armature 22 and close side portion and wearer's chest B expand out accordingly, thus, by the elastic restoring force of this wire armature 22, just can produce an effect that chest B is gathered to central portion.
As shown in Figure 3, about frame body 11,12 can constitute as described below, promptly, the side portion 14 of human skeleton 5 and the side portion 15 of chest B are supported to be integral, except the side surface part 16 of chest B, remainder is not that the size with human skeleton 5 forms identically, shown in Fig. 8 (a), the side portion 14 of human skeleton 5 and the side portion 15 of chest B are supported all-in-one-piece left and right sides frame body 11, the style of heart compression during 12 formation more are partial to than the size of human skeleton 5, by having retractility, or the big lamellar body 4 of the front and rear body that does not have retractility substantially is with these left and right sides frame bodies 11,12 connect to one, the power service portion that furthers is set thus, so that make the power generation effect that furthers from the side surface part one side direction central portion of human skeleton 5 at least one side at the front of human skeleton 5 or the back side.
Fig. 8 (b), (c) are that expression is synthetic with frame body and goods main body, and, because shown in Fig. 8 (a), to make in affix on the Bra structure and almost not have the function of compartment of terrain about chest near central authorities, if design is not incorporated into the chest component part, then relatively more difficult, thereby 8 (b), (c) are the schematic diagrames that expression improves a kind of process of function, promptly, this process is that the chest bottom front and rear body sheet with chest cup continuity ground setting is further extended the ground setting, make the large stretch of intersection of the front and rear body that contains left and right sides chest, to improve function.
Therefore, in the present invention, the brassiere body that constitutes this frame body can be used as: independently constitute with the brassiere is the product of the integral body of benchmark (separately), the product of the liner body (being worn in the inboard of brassiere) of the brassiere that makes as commercially available commodity or according to this intention, maybe will the product of local tie lines of this accurate separate component (coincidences) on the brassiere that designs according to above-mentioned intention, to constitute the product of the local tie lines of anter (accurate separate component) on the brassiere that designs according to above-mentioned intention of internal organs nest (arm bottom), with original frame body part local or integratedly tie lines according to the product on the brassiere of above-mentioned intention design, and the product that designs according to above-mentioned intention and brassiere etc., carry out commercialization. with being integral
Below, this is described further, in Fig. 8 (b), the front and rear body sheet of cup portion about containing is constituted as shown in figure 21 across, to also lack than corresponding D with the D ' formation among corresponding Figure 21 of D (a) among Figure 21 (b), and will be also shorter than corresponding C with the C ' formation among corresponding Figure 21 of C (b) among Figure 21 (a), the front and rear body sheet that will contain cup portion about these is sewed up shown in Figure 21 (c) and is constituted.
And, as shown in Figure 3, when the material that extensibility is arranged with elastic fabric etc. forms the part of front face side 4a that is positioned at human skeleton in the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body and rear side 4b, concentrate to central portion the power of furthering might occurring, make under the occasion of degradation problem under the effect that furthers of left and right sides chest B, shown in Fig. 8 (b), can constitute with left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 being pulled to one side ground, both ends, the left and right sides with the big lamellar body 25a of left-right and front-back body, the 25b of left right lingerie cup portion 2,3 adjacency.Even and on this occasion down, the front face side 4a and the rear side 4b of the human skeleton 5 of left and right sides frame body 11,12 certainly still can be by there being extensibility with elastic fabric etc. the big lamellar body 4 of the formed front and rear body of material, constitute to central portion with furthering.
On this occasion down, preferably shown in Fig. 8 (c), with the higher material of percentage elongation form in the big lamellar body of above-mentioned front and rear body about the big lamellar body 25a of front and rear body, 25b; And form the big lamellar body 26 of front and rear body of the side portion that is positioned at human skeleton 5 with the lower material of percentage elongation.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of expression embodiments of the present invention 2, the part identical with above-mentioned embodiment 1 all put on identical numbering and be illustrated, in present embodiment 2, form the wall thickness of a part that constitutes the material of frame body thicker than the wall thickness of another part material, be enhanced owing to form the compression ratio of material when the heating pressurization of this heavy wall, thereby a part of properties of materials and another part of frame body are differently constituted.
Promptly, as shown in Figure 9, said frame body 11,12 has: chest B is raised and support and have the rigid of calibration power that chest is furthered to central authorities or have chest measurement lower portion 11A, the 12A of thickness, have the part 11B, the 12B that make the semi-hard of revisal power that the above-mentioned pars papillaris that has moved shows with more beautiful lines (protuberance) or have thickness, and to part 11C, the 12C soft or that approach that not have obstruction and constitute beautiful chest lines that move of the breast volume of the central upper that moves to human body.
If adopt above-mentioned embodiment 2, constitute in linkage owing to make compressed portion 11A, the 12A of frame body 11,12 and have part 11B, the 12B that goods furthered, raised the needed ability of chest, thereby the advantage that chest is furthered, raises that improves goods is arranged.
Because other structure and effect are all same with above-mentioned embodiment 1, thereby its explanation has been omitted.
Embodiment 3
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of expression embodiments of the present invention 3, the part identical with above-mentioned embodiment 1 all put on identical numbering and described, in present embodiment 3, the material that will constitute the face side of bellying of female clothing material and the inside side with the technology of die forming forms the shape that bloats of regulation, make the material of above-mentioned the inside side have the function of substrate, and make the material of above-mentioned face side have fashionable dress ground formation.
Present embodiment is sewing thread is not exposed from the teeth outwards and the material of the inside side of above-mentioned female clothing material and face side material are sewed up ground to constitute.
In the present embodiment, the inside side material of female clothing material is made of the member of pad form, loads onto as required in the face side of this pad form member it is had than the wire armature of orthofunction and to constitute.
In addition, in the present embodiment, with the face side material forming of above-mentioned female clothing material for respect to the inside side material not being similar shapes and the contour shape of bellying formed slick and sly curve roughly.
Promptly, above-mentioned brassiere 1 about cup portion 2,3 have identical structure respectively, be that the cup portion 2 with a side describes as an example here.
As shown in Figure 2, the chest cup portion 2 of above-mentioned brassiere 1 is the shape that the cloth shape sheet stock cutting (shearing) that polyester, nylon, acetic acid esters etc. have a hot-forming property is become regulation, forms the material 30 of the big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body of one used as the material 8,9 of face side that constitutes this glass portion 2 and the inside side and with this glass portion 2.The material 8 that constitutes the face side of above-mentioned cup portion 2 is to consider that formability and fit ground selects in principle, but if satisfy these conditions material, then there is no particular limitation.
Constitute the face side of above-mentioned cup portion 2 and the material the 8, the 9th of the inside side, such cutting (shearing), promptly, become relative with women's the corresponding shape of chest shape with material 9 cuttings (shearing) of the inside side, it is not similar shapes roughly that material 8 cuttings (shearing) of face side become material 9 with respect to the inside side, is positioned at the contour shape with the intersection big lamellar body 4 of front and rear body glass portion 2 and forms slick and sly curve and make.Near the shape that consequently preferably will constitute the bottom of material 8, particularly brassiere portion 2 of face side of above-mentioned cup portion 2 forms than the material 9 that constitutes the inside side greatly to a certain degree.
As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, be cut into the face side of formation brassiere portion 2 of regulation shape and the material the 8, the 9th of the inside side as described above, with difform moulding metal pattern 30,31 heating press moldings separately.Constitute above-mentioned cup portion 2 the inside side material 9 as shown in figure 10, for the profile with chest carries out fine finishining clearly, the profile portion 30a ' of cup portion 2,30b ' are with moulding metal pattern 30a, the 30b heating press molding that forms clear and definite bight.On the other hand, constitute above-mentioned cup portion 2 face side material 8 as shown in figure 11, for the slick and sly curve of formation on the profile of chest, the profile portion 31a ' of cup portion 2,31b ' heat press molding with the moulding metal pattern 31a, the 31b that form crooked curved surface.
With the former as the characteristic of face side material 8 * during as the characteristic of the inside side material 9 with the latter, think that the characteristic of material 8,9 of the face side that constitutes above-mentioned cup portion 2 and the inside side is as follows:<time package material * functional material<flexible material * hard material<high expansion and contraction * hang down expansion and contraction<non-or half formative nature * formative nature<no seam * have seam<underwear and coat function * substrate function<1-2 kind style * multiple style etc.
Therefore, the material 8 that constitutes the face side of above-mentioned cup portion 2 may not necessarily carry out mold pressing processing, also can be with rivel flexible like that engineering material or the higher material formation of the super like that expansion and contraction of mallet formula fulling milling.
And, die forming is the face side of formation cup portion 2 of regulation shape and the material the 8, the 9th of the inside side as described above, as illustrated in fig. 2 their upper end edge portion and lower end edge portion is sewed up, but at this moment is to make not exposing surface and be to sew up mutually and constitute of sewing thread.Because at this moment constituting the material 8 of the face side of above-mentioned cup portion 2 is to be heated press molding to be, make the contour shape of chest form slick and sly curve, thus constitute near the bottom of material 8 of face side of this glass portion 2 or the side surface part with constitute inside form clearance G between the material 9 of side.
Wherein, the bind that sewing thread is not exposed from the teeth outwards has: for example, overlap the method for the drum type brake tape edge of counter-rotating in showing after the ground sewing in will showing, or will form the method for overseam on one side as margin to seam, with another side, perhaps upper limb formed the drum type brake tape edge, lower edge carried out the outer method for finishing manufactured that forms by flush joint etc., also wait the method for fine finishing carry out, and form method such as pair palaces seam with wrong path lines such as same road line or satin Lu Wen with having ornamental belt (adding belt) concurrently.
And, with breast liner 10 under the occasion between the material 8,9 of face side that constitutes above-mentioned cup portion 2 and the inside side, as shown in Figure 2, turn back into dual to material 9 sides of the inside side the ora terminalis 8a of the material 8 of face side, with this material 8 and the material 9 of the inside side and the upper end edge portion and lower end edge portion of breast liner 10 that turns back into dual face side, sewing thread 32 is not exposed from the teeth outwards sew up mutually.The upper end edge portion of above-mentioned cup portion 2 and the sewing method of lower end edge portion also can adopt methods such as adding method or fold edge of bag.Here, so-called adding mode is meant the knitting or woven design of using the grey cloth that is woven into bifilar regulation amplitude from the beginning, forms band shape as prerequisite, when sewing up being made into it bifilar, with the edge portion covering of goods.In order not lose the function of brassiere etc., extensibility is arranged preferably.In order to improve function, be preferably material, the ornamental and outstanding stitchings of attention such as satin weave quality as coat.
When the material 8,9 of face side that constitutes above-mentioned cup portion 2 with moulding metal pattern, heating press molding and the inside side or breast liner 10, as shown in figure 12, be preferably formed as and three-dimensional bending shape that human skeleton is suitable.Further say, make the face side of the above-mentioned cup of formation portion 2 and the material 8,9 of the inside side or the chest of breast liner 10 and human body form the three-dimensional bending shape identically, the part that is positioned at the chest both sides forms the crooked laterally shape along human chest, and the part 33 of the lower end edge portion of cup portion 2 is formed low-lying area curved shape upward along the section configuration of human chest.
Like this, a kind of brassiere as the female clothing material just can be provided, promptly, a kind of make wire armature etc. do not expose the inside side at the brassiere 1 of female clothing material, good with contacting of skin, wearing feeling is good, and be used in sew up that the sewing thread 32 that rolls bar or wire armature 22 does not expose on the surface of chest cup portion 2,3, the profile of chest cup portion 2,3 is not emphasized painstakingly, outward appearance or fashionable dress are good, be suitable for the brassiere as the coat dress.
Because other structure and effect are all same with above-mentioned embodiment 1, thereby their explanation has been omitted.
Embodiment 4
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of expression embodiments of the present invention 4, and this embodiment 4 is occasions that expression is used for the girdle of female clothing material.
Promptly, the girdle 40 with the organically corresponding female clothing material of human skeleton as present embodiment 4 is to make with the grey cloth of retractilities such as elastic fabric.Above-mentioned girdle 40 be with left side front and rear body sheet portion 41 and right side front and rear body sheet portion 42 as main body, sew up and form cylindrical body with the back heart 43, and, the bottom of this left side front and rear body sheet portion 41 and right side front and rear body sheet portion 42 is stitched into tubular and forms foot at the crotch place.
The girdle 40 of this embodiment has the frame body 45,46 of the side portion of the waist section configuration 44 that covers human skeleton 5 as shown in figure 13.This frame body 45,46 as shown in figure 13, from the side portion of women's waist section configuration 44 up to the side of hip circumference portion one side be all with intensity, extensibility a little less than or thin material 47 cover, its inboard slightly part is to cover with the weak slightly or thin slightly material 48 of intensity, extensibility, and the part of inside is with strong or thicker material 49 coverings of intensity, extensibility and constitute.
And the girdle 40 of present embodiment 4 as shown in figure 13, is provided with the underbelly frame body 50 of the waist section configuration 44 that is used to cover human skeleton 5.This frame body 50 also similarly constitutes 3 layers with said frame body 45,46.
Above-mentioned girdle 40 can constitute as illustrated in fig. 13, promptly, about two hip circumference portions 51,52 below be provided for supporting these two hip circumference portions 51,52, and the collimator frame body 53,54 that can mention hip circumference.At this moment, above-mentioned collimator frame body 53,54 is adapted to by the big lamellar body of the front and rear body that constitutes girdle 40 and pulls to the top.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of variation of expression present embodiment 4, and the girdle 40 of embodiment shown in Figure 14 is only to be provided with the underbelly frame body 50 of the waist section configuration 44 that is used to cover human skeleton 5 and to constitute.And at this moment about the below of two hip circumference portions 51,52 also be provided with collimator frame body 53,54 and constitute.
Like this, as shown in figure 13, because girdle 40 is provided with the frame body 45,46 etc. of the side portion of the waist section configuration 44 that is used to cover human skeleton 5, thereby as shown in figure 15, under the amplitude a of human skeleton occasion greater than the youth of the thickness b of waist section configuration or the standard bodily form, the waist section configuration 44 of human skeleton 5 can be tightened up, seem less, create under the situation of the whole slender bodily form and have effect especially at the amplitude a of making.
And, owing to also be provided with the underbelly frame body 50 of the waist section configuration 44 that is used to cover human skeleton 5 on the above-mentioned girdle 40 as shown in figure 14, thereby as shown in figure 16, under the thickness b of human skeleton occasion greater than the madam of the amplitude a of waist section configuration or the obesity-related bodily form, can tighten up, push underbelly convex camber, make thickness b seem less with waist section configuration 44, the particularly lower abdomen of frame body 50, under the situation of the bodily form that creates whole youth, produce effect especially human skeleton 5.