A kind of feather meal that utilizes prepares water-holding agent of soil and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly utilize natural waste high polymer modification, grafting preparation to have the method for biodegradable water-loss reducer of soil, belong to the biological function polymeric material field.
Background technology
In arid and semi-arid lands such as China great Northwest, no matter be plantation farm crop or afforestation, all can run into an irrigation problem.Because retention capacity of soil is limited, the moisture that rainfall or pouring bring is easy to owing to the infiltration of soil is lost.Therefore, be that plant often faces lack of water on the one hand, on the other hand, the utilising efficiency of moisture that rainfall or irrigation water bring soil is very low again, causes quite serious waste.If can use a kind of material, fully absorb and preserve and irrigate or moisture that rainfall brings, when having arrived antecedent soil moisture, again moisture is discharged, just can improve the utilising efficiency of water, reduce irrigation frequency simultaneously, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
Water-holding agent is a kind of new type functional macromolecular material that develops in recent years, and the hundred times that can absorb own wt is to thousands of times water, and water retention capacity is strong, can use repeatedly.Since USDA north Research Institute success in 1974 and since the soil water-retaining experiment is carried out in the nonirrigated farmland, the production of water-holding agent and applied research have obtained unprecedented development, water-absorbing water-retaining agent series products year consumption surpasses 1,600,000 tons at present, now has been widely used in fields such as industry, agricultural, daily life, health care.When it is used for soil water-retaining, be known as water-loss reducer of soil again, be mainly used in crop planting or sapling and cultivate, have emphasis ground being embedded in around the plant root water-loss reducer of soil, rain or when pouring water, catch the moisture of becoming separated in flight owing to gravity.
The moisture that water-holding agent absorbs is passed slow release in time and is moved in soil, thereby can be effectively by plant utilization.Water-holding agent is sneaked in the soil (or sand), and the structure of can improving the soil forms crumb structure, and water-absorbing-retaining, increase ventilation property, air permeability change gas, liquid, solid three-phase distribution in the soil, have improved the heat-insulating property of soil, increase agricultural chemicals and effect of fertilizer.Meanwhile can save irrigation water again, reduce labour intensity, drought-relief and protection of the harvest.
The water-absorbing water-retaining agent of Xiao Shouing mostly is polymers of vinyl monomers in the market, as the hydrolysate of starch-acrylonitrile grafting polymkeric substance, and saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer, and the sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent that obtains of inverse suspension polymerization etc.For example, what Chinese patent was reported for 001 No. 05783.9 produces high water absorbent with the vinylformic acid direct polymerization, and No. 4323487 pasted starches of United States Patent (USP) and acrylonitrile grafting polymerization are then crosslinked with formaldehyde or Paraformaldehyde 96, preparation high water absorbent etc.Though these water-absorbing water-retaining agent water absorbing properties are good, the quality that absorbs deionized water can reach hundreds of times of water-retaining agent sole mass, and price is more expensive, and is difficult for degraded, certainly will bring the secondary pollution problem to soil after a large amount of the use.
China's waste protein resource is very abundant, and feather protein is exactly one of them.Feather is the cornified derivative of bird epidermic cell, percentage of liveweight 5%~11%, protein content 80%~90%.According to estimates, feather, feather bar and the tankage thereof of annual butchering fowl processing or down products by-product are all more than 1,000,000 tons, wherein the overwhelming majority is used as rubbish and throws away in vain, has only making fodder additives and make leather composite tanning agent, finishing agent at leather industry after hydrolysis of minute quantity.Therefore, adopting the depleted animal feather is that feedstock production biodegradation type water-loss reducer of soil prospect is boundless.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feather of poultry such as chicken, duck or feather stem after the eider down processing of utilizing to pulverize water-loss reducer of soil of the feather meal preparation that forms and preparation method thereof, help environmental protection, and cost of manufacture is cheap, is suitable as the water-loss reducer of soil of agricultural gardening and desert greening.
This water-loss reducer of soil is that modified hydrolyzed feather protein and vinyl monomer carry out the polymkeric substance that graft copolymerization, low cross-linking form, and each percentages of ingredients is:
Hydrolysis feather protein 14.5~35.0
Vinyl monomer 64.5~85.0
Multiple crosslinking agent 0.19~0.36
Ammonium persulphate 0.08~0.18
Sodium bisulfite 0.07~0.14
Above-mentioned vinyl monomer is one or more mixing in acrylamide, sodium acrylate and the sodium allyl sulfonate.The amount of acrylamide is many more, and the gel-strength of gained water-holding agent is big more, salt tolerance is better, but biological degradability is relatively poor; The consumption of sodium acrylate and sodium allyl sulfonate is many more, and the water absorbing and retaining properties of water-holding agent is better, but it is bigger influenced by ionogen, and water regain reduces greatly when especially meeting high volence metal ion.
The present invention is achieved by free-radical oxidn reduction initiation, the following mode of aqueous solution grafting copolymerization process: earlier feather of poultry such as chicken, duck or the waste feather stem after the eider down processing are pulverized the feather meal that forms, soak at room temperature is 24 hours in sodium sulfite solution, filters; With filter residue under 80~90 ℃, the sodium hydroxide solution hydrolysis with 2%~5% 1~2 hour become molecular weight 5000~10000 water-soluble protein, carry out the hydrophilically modified modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution that makes with peroxy acid again; With the aqueous solution of vinyl monomers such as modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution and acrylamide, under the redox initiator effect, carry out crosslinked, graft copolymerization and make the water-absorbent gel; Gel through pelletizing, drying, pulverize the water-loss reducer of soil product.
Concrete preparation method is:
1) adding mass percent in having the container of stirring is 12%~25% modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution 125~250 grams, vinyl monomer 115~205 grams, deionized water 100~235 grams, multiple crosslinking agent 0.4~0.7 gram is stirred well to dissolving fully;
2) add 1.0% sodium bisulfite 15~28 grams, 1.0% ammonium persulphate 19~37 grams, the back that stirs moves in the stainless steel reaction dish, keeps the reaction 30 minutes down of 35~45 ℃ of initial temperatures, after be warming up to 60~80 ℃ and continue reaction 1~2 hour;
3) polymer gel pelletizing, 105 ℃ are dried, are pulverized, sieve water-loss reducer of soil.
Above-mentioned modified hydrolyzed feather protein method is:
1) feather stem after the feathers of poultry such as chicken, duck or the eider down processing being pulverized feather meal 1000 grams that form, under 30~50 ℃ temperature, is that 1%~2% sodium sulfite solution 2000 grams soaked filtration 24 hours with mass percent;
2) slag be 2%~5% sodium hydroxide solution with 3500~5000 gram mass per-cents 80~90 ℃ of hydrolysis 1~2 hour molecular weight is 5000~10000 water-soluble protein, filter;
3) keep 70~80 ℃ of filtrate temperature, the peroxy acid solution that adds 10~25 grams 10%, stirring reaction 15~30 minutes, peroxy acid can make the sulfhydryl oxidase on the protein side chain become the sulfonic group of strongly hydrophilic, make the protein soln bleaching simultaneously, increase its whiteness after polymerization, make the modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution of mass percent 12%~25%.
Above-mentioned multiple crosslinking agent is by glutaraldehyde and N, and N '-methylene-bisacrylamide is formed, and the consumption of multiple crosslinking agent is 0.2%~0.5% of a total monomer weight, and glutaraldehyde and N, the mass ratio of N '-methylene-bisacrylamide are (0.7: 2.9): 1.0.The effect of linking agent is can keep certain intensity after making the water-retaining agent suction, N, and the main and vinyl monomer copolymerization formation network structure of N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, glutaraldehyde is mainly and the free in the modified protein is amino and hydroxyl is crosslinked.
Ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfite among the present invention is an initiator, the initiated oxidation reduction reaction.Initiator amount directly has influence on the chain link molecular weight and the self-crosslinking degree of resin.Initiator amount is too small, and speed of response is relatively slow, and polymerization time is long; The excessive then polyreaction of initiator amount takes place rapidly, removes danger to occur, also causes degree of crosslinking to increase and the molecular weight reduction, so gained water-holding agent water-intake rate descends; Simultaneously, initiator amount also directly influences percentage of grafting, initiator amount increases percentage of grafting and also increases thereupon, but descends on the contrary above the increase percentage of grafting along with initiator amount behind certain consumption, and this may be along with initiator amount increases, grafting active site increases, percentage of grafting improves gradually, but excessive when initiator, it is many more to produce the monomer free radical, homopolymerization speed is on the contrary greater than graft copolymerization speed, and is unfavorable to graft copolymerization.
The hydrophilically modified peroxy acid of hydrolysis feather protein is any or two kinds of mixing in Peracetic Acid and the peroxyformic acid among the present invention.Peroxy acid can make the sulfhydryl oxidase on the protein side chain become the sulfonic group of strongly hydrophilic, and the water-holding agent water-intake rate of postorder prepared in reaction is improved greatly, makes the protein soln bleaching simultaneously, increases its whiteness after polymerization.
The protein-based water-loss reducer of soil of the present invention's preparation is inhaled deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=132~339g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=32~59.7g.g
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The present invention compared with prior art has characteristics:
1, the selected topic is worth big.Solid waste such as feather stem after feather of poultry such as chicken, duck or the eider down processing are difficult to degraded at nature, and environment is caused certain pollution.With these wastes that are difficult to natural degradation through hydrolysis, hydrophilically modified, be main raw material graft copolymerization with water-soluble vinyl monomer again, preparation has drought-resistant water-preserving, prevents erosion and the water-loss reducer of soil of desertification, be both favourable and environmental protection, meet the green scientific research task of Sustainable development again.
2, utilize the good water-loss reducer of soil of feather meal instead of part acrylic monomer processability with low cost, have tangible economic benefit.
3, in polymer network, introduce the native protein chain link, can make slowly degraded in certain time limit of water-loss reducer of soil after use, can not produce secondary pollution, have environmental benefit preferably soil.
Embodiment
Below directly adopt the mode of embodiment to describe the present invention:
Embodiment 1
1. the preparation of modified hydrolyzed feather protein
Taking by weighing feather meal 1000 gram, under 45 ℃ temperature, is that 1.5% sodium sulfite solution 2000 grams soaked filtration 24 hours with mass percent; The sodium hydroxide solution that adds 4500 grams 3.5% in filter residue got hydrolysis feather protein solution in 1.5 hours 90 ℃ of hydrolysis, filtered; Keep 75 ℃ of filtrate temperature, add the peracetic acid soln of 21 grams 10%, stirring reaction 30 minutes makes the modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution of mass percent about 17%.
2. the preparation of feather protein base water-loss reducer of soil: in having the container of stirring, add said hydrolyzed feather protein solution 215 grams, acrylamide 165 grams, deionized water 215 grams, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.16 restrains and 25.0% glutaraldehyde 1.55 restrains, and is stirred well to dissolving fully; Add 1.0% sodium bisulfite, 21.0 grams again, 1.0% ammonium persulphate 29.3 grams, move in the stainless steel reaction dish after stirring, keep initial temperature to react 30 minutes down for 35~45 ℃, after be warming up to 60~80 ℃ and continue reaction 1.5 hours, with polymer gel pelletizing, 105 ℃ dry, pulverize, sieve water-loss reducer of soil.It inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=225g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=46.5g.g
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Embodiment 2
1. the preparation of modified hydrolyzed feather protein
Taking by weighing feather meal 1000 gram, under 45 ℃ temperature, is that 1.5% sodium sulfite solution 2000 grams soaked filtration 24 hours with mass percent; The sodium hydroxide solution that adds 3500 grams 5% in filter residue got hydrolysis feather protein solution in 2.0 hours 90 ℃ of hydrolysis, filtered; Keep 75 ℃ of filtrate temperature, add the peracetic acid soln of 25 grams 10%, stirring reaction 30 minutes makes the modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution of mass percent about 22%.
2. the preparation of feather protein base water-loss reducer of soil: in having the container of stirring, add said hydrolyzed feather protein solution 156 grams, acrylamide 142 grams, deionized water 198 grams, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.22 restrains and 25.0% glutaraldehyde 1.50 restrains, and is stirred well to dissolving fully; Add 1.0% sodium bisulfite, 18.0 grams again, 1.0% ammonium persulphate 25.8 grams, move in the stainless steel reaction dish after stirring, keep initial temperature to react 30 minutes down for 35~45 ℃, after be warming up to 60~80 ℃ and continue reaction 2.0 hours, with polymer gel pelletizing, 105 ℃ dry, pulverize, sieve water-loss reducer of soil.It inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=162g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=34.3g.g
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Embodiment 3
1. the preparation of modified hydrolyzed feather protein
Taking by weighing feather meal 1000 gram, under 30 ℃ temperature, is that 2% sodium sulfite solution 2000 grams soaked filtration 24 hours with mass percent; The sodium hydroxide solution that adds 5000 grams 2% in filter residue got hydrolysis feather protein solution in 1.0 hours 85 ℃ of hydrolysis, filtered; Keep 80 ℃ of filtrate temperature, add the peracetic acid soln of 10 grams 10%, stirring reaction 20 minutes makes the modified hydrolyzed feather protein solution of mass percent about 12%.
2. the preparation of feather protein base water-loss reducer of soil: in having the container of stirring, add said hydrolyzed feather protein solution 125 grams, acrylamide 200 grams, deionized water 180 grams, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.12 restrains and 25.0% glutaraldehyde 1.30 restrains, and is stirred well to dissolving fully; Add 1.0% sodium bisulfite, 28.0 grams again, 1.0% ammonium persulphate 19 grams, move in the stainless steel reaction dish after stirring, keep initial temperature to react 30 minutes down for 35~45 ℃, after be warming up to 60~80 ℃ and continue reaction 1.0 hours, with polymer gel pelletizing, 105 ℃ dry, pulverize, sieve water-loss reducer of soil.It inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=285g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=48.9g.g
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Embodiment 4
Other are identical with embodiment 1, and different is that the hydrophilically modified peroxy acid of feather meal protolysate is a peroxyformic acid, the water-loss reducer of soil product that reaction obtains, and it inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=173g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=42.6g.g
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Embodiment 5
Other are identical with embodiment 1, and different is that vinyl monomer is sodium acrylate 79.0 grams and acrylamide 86.0 gram mixtures, the water-loss reducer of soil product that reaction obtains, and it inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=316g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=50.4g.g
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Embodiment 6
Other are identical with embodiment 1, and different is that vinyl monomer is acrylamide 76.0, sodium acrylate 45.0 grams and sodium allyl sulfonate 34.0 gram mixtures, the water-loss reducer of soil product that reaction obtains, and it inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=338g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=56.5g.g
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Embodiment 7
Other are identical with embodiment 1, and that different is N, and N '-methylene-bisacrylamide is that 0.32 gram and 25.0% glutaraldehyde are 1.13 grams.Reactive polymeric thing gel through pelletizing, 105 ℃ dry, pulverize, sieve the water-loss reducer of soil product, it inhales deionized water-intake rate Q
(water)=141.4g.g
-1Inhale 0.9% salt solution multiplying power Q
(salt)=38.1g.g
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