On-load washing method for thermodynamic system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of on-load washing method for thermodynamic system, be used for boiler rinsing and steam turbine.
Background technology
The purpose of boiler matting is in order to guarantee heat power equipment safety, operation economically, whether to carry out matting and should decide according to the concrete regulation of relevant industry.In the boiler operatiopn owing to be subjected to the combined influence of the factors such as structure, operational conditions, operating pressure, combustion system of processing quality, the boiler itself of stove water; regular meeting causes the boiler tube wall fouling; pipe surface temperature is crossed high situation; generally limit permissible temperature and the technical indicator with boiler is standard; after access tube wall temperature and burn into fouling situation, judge whether to carry out matting.The position of operation boiler perishable fouling is the side of waring oneself in front of a fire of water wall tube, so, to carry out pipe cutting in the high-order bit of thermal load during inspection, determine deposition.When reaching the deposition limit of the industry or labour department regulation, not only thermo-efficiency descends, and has had a strong impact on and threatened the safe operation of unit, must carry out matting.
The matting of boiler is different from the generality of equipment to be safeguarded, is the work that requirement is very strict.Cleaning will be prepared meticulously, careful operation, otherwise is difficult to reach the cleaning performance of expection.Traditional matting at dirty dissolved simultaneously, is kept away unavoidable dissolving to the matrix metal body based on the solvability cleaning.If cleaning process is controlled bad, gently then influence cleaning quality, can damage boiler plant, generation personnel injury when serious or pollute accident, not only heavy economic losses can be caused, and baneful influence may be brought.In the matting work of equipment such as actual boiler, because some the link control in the process is bad, the accidents such as acid race alkali, structure deteriorate, injury to personnel of running happen occasionally.
Traditional chemical has damage and harm to equipment, instrument and personnel, shows in the following areas:
1. the heating surface that corrodes (intergranular corrosion is especially arranged) is easy to generate leakage in cleaning process, cause big area corrosion around the leakage point and not guilty impaired;
2. traditional cleaning need be installed complicated temporary system, if temporary system pipeline or scavenging pump break down, gently then causes scavenging solution to leak, and also can cause structure deteriorate and personnel injury when serious;
3. cleaning step is many, and complex process is long in time limit, and water loss is big;
4. the waste water after cleaning must could discharge after neutralizing treatment and harmless treatment, otherwise will pollute environment;
5. if can not in time put into operation for some reason after cleaning, cleaning surface can face new etching problem.
Steam turbine is a key equipment of power generation system, after the dynamic and static blade fouling of steam turbine, turbine efficiency is obviously descended, and end thrust is increased, and sometimes even the aggravation vibration, produces potential safety hazard.Behind the turbine fouling, handle very difficultly, the factory that has is once with artificial polishing even use the sandblast scale removal, and labour intensity was big, and damaged equipment surface; And conventional matting is difficult to control, almost can not realize the cleaning to steam turbine.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the weak point of chemical cleaning technique, a kind of on-load washing method for thermodynamic system is provided.This method adds to have in system and cleans the medicament of holding concurrently the maintenance effect at boiler, when steam turbine is in running status, and the surface physics chemical action of medicament makes boiler and steam turbine obtain cleaning under protected state, and overcomes the deficiency of described prior art.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of on-load washing method for thermodynamic system is characterized in that:
To have the medicament that cleans the maintenance effect of holding concurrently and add molten medicine-chest, and use the de-mineralized water diluted for use, the prescription of medicament (mass percent) is: interfacial agent 5~20%, permeate agent 5~8%, stripper 5~15%, dispersion agent 5~20%, surface passivator 5~10%, surplus are water;
Add medicament at boiler, when steam turbine is in running status in system, cleaning process pH value maintains in 6~10 scopes.
And, according to the structure of boiler heating power to be cleaned system medicament is pumped into or sucks therrmodynamic system from adding point: before condensate pump, suck, perhaps from the feedwater ammonification, add the hydrazine system medicine added, perhaps utilize the phosphoric acid salt medicine system that medicine is added.
And the promoting agent in the medicament is cats product (as the amine salt type), and anion surfactant is (as sulfonic acid type, phosphate type etc.), nonionogenic tenside (as polyoxyethylene-type, polyvalent alcohol type etc.), amphoterics, fluorocarbon surfactant etc.; Permeate agent is an amine ethoxylate etc.; Stripper is amine and derivative thereof etc.; Dispersion agent is anion surfactants such as benzene sulfonamide acid type, carboxymethyl cellulose, Natvosol, lignosulfonic acid etc.; Surface passivator is the pyrroles, tetrahydroglyoxaline, benzotriazole, pyridine, heterocyclic ketone, acid amides etc. and their derivative thereof etc., edetate, hydrazine, amine ethoxylate etc.
And, will efflorescence under the medicament effect, the dirt that peels off, disperse and suspend in water, by the continuous blow down system of boiler and regularly position such as drainage discharge outside the heat power equipment.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the invention solves the insurmountable on-line cleaning of the traditional chemical cleaning protection problem of holding concurrently, also solved the problem that heat power equipments such as the insurmountable steam turbine of traditional chemical cleaning can't clean.2. adopt the present invention can be easily in a small amount of mode that repeatedly, breaks the whole up into parts; steadily boiler and steam turbine are carried out regular cleaning safely; do not need blowing out to shut down; do not need conventional chemical to clean desired huge temporary system; boiler turbine often obtains cleaning under the maintenance state, thereby makes heat power equipment surfaces such as boiler, steam turbine be in cleaning, high-level efficiency state all the time.3. ultimate principle of the present invention is that non-solubility cleans; at boiler, when steam turbine is in running status; in system, add to have and clean the medicament of holding concurrently the maintenance effect; this class medicament has extremely strong perviousness, peel off the characteristic of lamination and high-intensityly press down corruption; between dirt layer and matrix metal, produce interfacial effects such as permeating, push, peel off; can guarantee scale removal efficient; can effectively protect matrix metal again; can exempt the maintenance work before stopping transport, make unit obtain for a long time the protection of (>3 months).4. the surface active ingredient in the medicament can significantly improve the hydrokinetics stabilising characteristic of vapour, liquid two-phase, make the saturation steam expansion process stable, evenly, thus the danger of irreversible loss when reducing liquid phase and occurring and inductive fluidised form blade vibration that disturbance causes (even fracture) when reducing vapor condenses; Reduce the surface tension that water droplet generates size and water droplet greatly; make water droplet very easily broken; reduce surging force and the shearing force of water droplet greatly, not only can reduce the impingement corrosion that the wet-steam region reach brings in the shutdown at sliding parameters process but also can improve turbine efficiency blade surface.5. the present invention can improve unit efficiency, save energy, prolongs unit durability, reduces cost of electricity-generating; Do not have the discharging of waste liquid of cleaning and corresponding liquid waste disposal requirement, save a large amount of waters in the processes such as alkali cleaning in the conventional chemical cleaning, pickling, passivation, water flushing, water-saving and environmental protection.6. technology of the present invention is simple, processing ease, can be widely used for various boilers and heating system, has had the heat power equipment (intergranular corrosion is especially arranged) of heavy corrosion and has had the austenitic steel parts especially suitable, can prolong the work-ing life of equipment greatly.
Embodiment
Determine to clean the prescription (mass percent) of double maintaining agent according to the characteristic (body construction, pressure, temperature, fouling kind and amount of scale buildup, furnace outage time length) of each boiler individuality: interfacial agent 5~20%, permeate agent 5~8%, stripper 5~15%, dispersion agent 5~20%, surface passivator 5~10%, surplus are water.For High Temperature High Pressure and the not high unit of amount of scale buildup, interfacial agent, permeate agent, stripper, dispersion agent, surface passivator can take off limit value; For the amount of scale buildup higher system, interfacial agent, permeate agent, stripper, dispersion agent, surface passivator can the capping values, in case after having carried out the cleaning in several cycles, medicament median surface promoting agent, permeate agent, stripper, dispersion agent can take off limit value.
Step of the invention process is:
1. will have the medicament that cleans the maintenance effect of holding concurrently and add molten medicine-chest, and use the de-mineralized water diluted for use, the prescription of medicament (mass percent) is: interfacial agent 5~20%, permeate agent 5~8%, stripper 5~15%, dispersion agent 5~20%, surface passivator 5~10%, surplus are water;
At boiler, in system, add medicament when steam turbine is in running status, cleaning process pH value maintains in 6~10 scopes.Each embodiment is as being effectively in continuous each point selection of this scope.
The embodiment of described reagent combination such as following table:
Embodiment | Interfacial agent % | Permeate agent % | Stripper % | Dispersion agent % | Surface passivator % | Surplus |
????1 | ????10 | ????5 | ????10 | ????10 | ????5 | Water |
????2 | ????15 | ????6.5 | ????12.5 | ????16 | ????7 | Water |
????3 | ????20 | ????8 | ????15 | ????20 | ????10 | Water |
????4 | ????12 | ????6 | ????11 | ????11 | ????6 | Water |
????5 | ????16 | ????7 | ????14 | ????19 | ????9 | Water |
????6 | ????13 | ????5 | ????13 | ????17 | ????8 | Water |
????7 | ????12 | ????6 | ????15 | ????20 | ????10 | Water |
????8 | ????5 | ????5 | ????6 | ????7 | ????10 | Water |
????9 | ????8 | ????7 | ????5 | ????9 | ????8 | Water |
????10 | ????6 | ????8 | ????8 | ????5 | ????7 | Water |
????11 | ????9 | ????7.5 | ????7 | ????6 | ????5 | Water |
????12 | ????7 | ????6 | ????15 | ????8 | ????5.5 | Water |
????13 | ????5 | ????6 | ????9 | ????5 | ????6 | Water |
Then, medicament is pumped into or sucks therrmodynamic system from adding point according to the structure of boiler heating power to be cleaned system: before condensate pump, suck, perhaps from the feedwater ammonification, add the hydrazine system medicine added, perhaps utilize the phosphoric acid salt medicine system that medicine is added.
Promoting agent in the described medicament is amine salt type cats product, sulfonic acid type or phosphate type anion surfactant, polyoxyethylene-type or polyol-based non-ionic surfactant, amphoterics or fluorocarbon surfactant; Permeate agent is an amine ethoxylate; Stripper is amine and derivative thereof; Dispersion agent is benzene sulfonamide acid type anion surfactant or carboxymethyl cellulose or Natvosol or lignosulfonic acid; Surface passivator is pyrroles, tetrahydroglyoxaline, benzotriazole, pyridine, heterocyclic ketone, acid amides and derivative thereof, edetate, hydrazine or amine ethoxylate.Described interfacial agent, permeate agent, stripper, dispersion agent or surface passivator can be selected one or more respectively in above-mentioned composition separately, but ratio must be in the scope that claim 1 defined.
And, will efflorescence under the medicament effect, the dirt that peels off, disperse and suspend in water, by the continuous blow down system of boiler and regularly position such as drainage discharge outside the heat power equipment.As meet the stoppage in transit chance, can the powdery cast be removed clean at positions such as lower collecting box.
It is a kind of purging method of gentleness that on-load cleans.The cleaning of maintenance property to be repeatedly being advisable on a small quantity, and in time carries out blowdown work, avoids some position to deposit a large amount of dirty slags.Significantly cleaning and carried out one in 1 year and be advisable to secondary, generally is to utilize to shut down chance finish cleaning when unit is maintained.For the more boiler of fouling, can take substep scale removal, the mode that breaks the whole up into parts, not only safety but also economic, treat that thick dirt is removed after, maintenance property cleaning again.