CN1661834A - Diversion polar plates of fuel cell in high mechanical strength - Google Patents
Diversion polar plates of fuel cell in high mechanical strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN1661834A CN1661834A CN2004100166107A CN200410016610A CN1661834A CN 1661834 A CN1661834 A CN 1661834A CN 2004100166107 A CN2004100166107 A CN 2004100166107A CN 200410016610 A CN200410016610 A CN 200410016610A CN 1661834 A CN1661834 A CN 1661834A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Two regions are divided by the diversion pole plate: active conducting region in middle and inactive region in high mechanical strength in periphery. Graphite powder and thermosetting resin in favor of conduction of graphite powder are adopted in the active conducting region, and graphite powder and thermosetting resin in favor of raising mechanical strength are adopted in the inactive region. In the method, diversion pole plate is prepared through one-shot hot compacting by using die and material of graphite powder with bonding resin being added to. Temperature of hot compacting operation is 100 deg.C - 400 deg.C. Comparing with prior art, the invention possesses advantages of lightweight, good conductivity, no poison and pollution to fuel cell, and high mechanical strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a fuel cell flow guide polar plate with high mechanical strength and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. Inaddition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials or polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has wide application, can be used as a power system of all vehicles,ships and other vehicles, can also be used as a power generation system, and can be used as a ground fixed power station, a movable power supply and the like.
At present, the manufacturing cost of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is higher, and the price of materials of certain key parts for forming the fuel cell is higher. The flow guide plate in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is one of the most critical components in the fuel cell, and the price thereof has a decisive influence on the manufacturing cost of the whole fuel cell.
The material used as the flow guide plate in the proton exchange membrane battery has higher requirements, and mainly has the following requirements: (1) the material has certain mechanical strength and hardness, and is not easy to crack or break; (2) excellent electrical and thermal conductors; (3) the shape and the diversion holes of the diversion groove on the diversion polar plate are easy to process; (4) when the fuel cell works for a long time, the fuel cell can not be polluted or corroded and deteriorated.
At present, the materials which can fully meet the requirements are few, and only a few expensive materials are available, such as: high-quality pure graphite plate materials, high-quality titanium alloy plate materials, gold-plated or special metal plates and the like can be used as the guide plate materials of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. However, these materials are expensive, and the fabrication of the flow guide grooves and flow guide holes is expensive, which leads to high fabrication cost of the whole fuel cell and seriously hinders the industrialization process of the fuel cell.
In order to reduce the cost of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell baffle material, there are a large number of patent applications aimed at finding corresponding inexpensive alternative materials, and these patents are mainly classified together as follows: (1) the surface modification treatment is carried out by using a cheap metal plate such as a stainless steel plate. For example: the patent of 'machining metal bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack' applied by the institute of chemical and physical sciences, university of Chinese academy of sciences (patent number: 99113159.2). (2) Graphite powder and bonding resin are adopted. For example: thermosetting resin, phenolic resin and the like are hot-pressed into the composite board. (3) The soft graphite plate is adopted for compression molding, and then the soft graphite plate is impregnated with resin and hardened into the bipolar plate. For example: the method described in US Patent 5,521,018 is compression moulding using soft graphite plates. (4) Shanghai Shenli scientific and technological company's patent "a can be used as the guide polar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell" (utility model patent No. 03231865.0, invention patent No. 03129070.1), this patent discloses a can be used as the guide polar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, including setting up in the air conduction flow trough surface of the positive, reverse side, and setting up in the air conduction flow trough surface of business turn over, hydrogen conduction flow trough surface of both ends of polar plate, and the business turn over air conduction flow hole, business turn over hydrogen conduction flow hole that enter and exit that set up between above-mentioned air conduction flow trough surface and hydrogen conduction flow trough surface, and setting up in the business turn over cooling fluid hole of this channel both ends; the cooling fluid guiding channel comprises a reinforcing net with a cooling fluid guiding function, the longitudinal line of the reinforcing net is a hollow thin tube for guiding cooling fluid, the transverse line of the reinforcing net is a reinforcing strip for connecting each hollow thin tube, the thickness of the reinforcing strip is consistent with that of each hollow thin tube, and the upper end and the lower end of each hollow thin tube are respectively communicated with a cooling fluid inlet and outlet hole.
The above prior art has the following defects: (1) the surface modification treatment difficulty of the metal plate, such as the cheap metal plate of stainless steel, aluminum and the like, is high, and when the metal plate is used as a flow guide polar plate in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the surface performance is reduced after long-time operation, such as the resistance is increased or the corrosion resistance is reduced, and the pollution is caused to the electrode. (2) Although the graphite powder and resin are used for one-step molding of the molded guide pole plate, the technology is mature, but the fuel cell stack is required to have high power density at present, and the main method for improving the power density of the fuel cell stack is to adopt an ultra-thin guide pole plate, so that the mechanical strength of the ultra-thin guide pole plate molded by one-step molding is greatly reduced. When the vibration type flow guide pole plate is used as a vehicle-mounted power system, the flow guide pole plate is easy to break due to vibration. (3) The soft graphite plate is adopted to be pressed into the flow guide polar plate by one-step forming, and the resin dipping hardening treatment technology also has the technical defects similar to those of the point (2), and when the soft graphite plate is used as an ultra-thin flow guide polar plate and applied to a fuel cell engine or a mobile power supply, the flow guide polar plate is easy to crack due to vibration. (4) The method of 'a flow guide polar plate capable of being used as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell' of Shanghai Shenli science and technology company is troublesome in manufacturing process, a reinforcing net with a cooling fluid guide function is required to be manufactured firstly, and the manufacturing technology is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fuel cell flow guide polar plate with light weight, good conductivity, no toxicity and pollution to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell after long-term operation, low cost and high mechanical strength and a manufacturing method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell flow guide polar plate with high mechanical strength comprises an air guide flow field, a hydrogen guide flow field or a cooling fluid flow field arranged on the front side and the back side of the flow guide polar plate, and fluid inlet and outlet ports of various fluids arranged on the flow guide polar plate, wherein the fluid inlet and outlet ports are generally six fluid inlets and outlets of hydrogen inlet, air inlet and cooling fluid inlet, and hydrogen outlet, air outlet and cooling fluid outlet; the flow guide polar plate can be a bipolar plate with an air guide flow field or a hydrogen guide flow field on the front surface and the back surface respectively, or can be a flow guide polar plate with an air guide flow field or a hydrogen guide flow field on the front surface and a cooling fluid field on the back surface; the guide polar plate is characterized in that the guide polar plate is made of graphite powder and bonding resin through one-step hot press molding by a die, the guide polar plate is divided into two areas, the middle area is an active conductive area, the periphery area is an inactive area with high mechanical strength, the active conductive area adopts the graphite powder and thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the conduction of the graphite powder as raw materials, and the inactive conductive area adopts the graphite powder and thermosetting resin which is beneficial to improving the mechanical strength as raw materials.
The proportion of the graphite powder in the raw material of the active conductive area is higher than that of the thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the conductivity of the graphite powder.
The ratio of graphite powder in the raw material of the inactive conductive region is lower than that of thermosetting resin which is beneficial to improving mechanical strength.
The thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the electric conduction of the graphite powder is maleic anhydride grafted resin.
The thermosetting resin which is beneficial to improving the mechanical strength is phenolic resin or epoxy resin.
The active conductive region can be equally divided into at least two active regions insulated and separated from each other by an insulator.
The insulator includes plastic resin or rubber.
A method for manufacturing a fuel cell diversion polar plate with high mechanical strength is characterized in that the diversion polar plate is manufactured by adopting graphite powder and bonding resin through one-time hot press molding through a die, the diversion polar plate is divided into two areas, the middle is an active conductive area, the periphery is an inactive area with high mechanical strength, the raw materials of the two areas are combined by adopting the graphite powder and different bonding resins or the graphite powder and the same bonding resins are combined according to different proportions, and the hot press molding temperature is 100-400 ℃.
The fuel cell flow guide polar plate formed by one-time hot pressing at high temperature (100-400 ℃) of the mould is obviously divided into two or a plurality of areas, thetwo areas (such as figure 1 and figure 2) are mainly divided into an active conductive area of the flow guide polar plate and an inactive and non-conductive reinforced area of the flow guide plate. The graphite powder and the bonding resin in the active conductive area of the guide plate mainly achieve the purposes of high conductivity and galvanic corrosion resistance, while the graphite powder and the bonding resin in the non-active and non-conductive reinforced area mainly achieve the purposes of high mechanical strength and can allow poor conductivity and even insulation. The proportion of the resin can be increased on the formulation, and the adhesive can also be used for adhesive resins with different active areas to strengthen the mechanical strength.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic structural view of the conductive active region and the inactive region of a flow-guiding bipolar plate according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic structural view of a flow guiding air flow field of a flow guiding bipolar plate according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 1c is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen flow field of a flow guiding bipolar plate according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of the conductive active region and the inactive region of the flow guiding bipolar plate according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic structural view of a flow guiding air flow field of a flow guiding bipolar plate according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen-guiding flow field of a flow-guiding bipolar plate according to example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3a is a schematic structural view of the conductive active region and the inactive region of a flow-guiding bipolar plate according to example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3b is a schematic structural diagram of the air flow guiding field of the flow guiding bipolar plate in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The fuel cell flow guide polar plate formed by the die through high-temperature one-time hot pressing is divided into two areas, the middle is an active conductive area, and the periphery is an inactive area which is provided with a sealing groove and six flow guide fluid holes and has high mechanical strength.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1a, 1b and 1c, two kinds of slurry A, B are prepared by mixing high-purity graphite powder and different types of bonding resins; the slurry A has a high proportion of graphite powder and adopts thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the electric conduction of the graphite powder, such as maleic anhydride, and the slurry B has a low proportion of graphite powder and adopts thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical strength, such as phenolic aldehyde, epoxy resin, and the like. And placing the slurry A into an active central area of a steel mold, placing the slurry B into a peripheral area of the steel mold, closing the two steel molds on a press, heating at the high temperature of 100-400 ℃ by programming, and performing compression molding to obtain the flow guide bipolar plate. The flow guide bipolar plate structure comprises an air inlet flow guide hole 1, an air outlet flow guide hole 1 ', a cooling fluid inlet flow guide hole 2, a cooling fluid outlet flow guide hole 2 ', a hydrogen inlet flow guide hole 3 and a hydrogen outlet flow guide hole 3 '.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c, a flow guiding bipolar plate was fabricated by the same fabrication process as in example 1, but using different molds. The flow guide bipolar plate comprises an air inlet flow guide hole 1, an air outlet flow guide hole 1 ', a cooling fluid inlet flow guide hole 2, a cooling fluid outlet flow guide hole 2 ', a hydrogen inlet flow guide hole 3 and a hydrogen outlet flow guide hole 3 '.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3a and 3b, the procedure of the fabrication was the same as that of example 1, but a deflector was fabricated using a different mold, and the active region was divided into four regions by an insulating resin or an insulating plastic sheet C. The guide plate comprises an air inlet guide hole 1, an air outlet guide hole 1 ', a cooling fluid inlet guide hole 2, a cooling fluid outlet guide hole 2 ', a hydrogen inlet guide hole 3 and a hydrogen outlet guide hole 3 '.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell flow guide polar plate with high mechanical strength comprises an air guide flow field, a hydrogen guide flow field or a cooling fluid flow field arranged on the front side and the back side of the flow guide polar plate, and fluid inlet and outlet ports of various fluids arranged on the flow guide polar plate, wherein the fluid inlet and outlet ports are generally six fluid inlets and outlets of hydrogen inlet, air inlet and cooling fluid inlet, and hydrogen outlet, air outlet and cooling fluid outlet; the flow guide polar plate can be a bipolar plate with an air guide flow field or a hydrogen guide flow field on the front surface and the back surface respectively, or can be a flow guide polar plate withan air guide flow field or a hydrogen guide flow field on the front surface and a cooling fluid field on the back surface; the guide polar plate is characterized in that the guide polar plate is made of graphite powder and bonding resin through one-step hot press molding by a die, the guide polar plate is divided into two areas, the middle area is an active conductive area, the periphery area is an inactive area with high mechanical strength, the active conductive area adopts the graphite powder and thermosetting resin which is beneficial to the conduction of the graphite powder as raw materials, and the inactive conductive area adopts the graphite powder and thermosetting resin which is beneficial to improving the mechanical strength as raw materials.
2. A mechanically strong fuel cell current collector plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said active conductive region is formed of a material having a higher proportion of graphite powder than the thermosetting resin which facilitates electrical conduction of said graphite powder.
3. A high mechanical strength fuel cell current collector plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inactive conductive regions are formed of a material having a graphite powder content lower than that of the thermosetting resin which contributes to the improvement of mechanical strength.
4. The high mechanical strength fuel cell current guide plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermosetting resin facilitating the electrical conduction of the graphite powder is maleic anhydride grafted resin.
5. A high mechanical strength fuel cell flow guide plate as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the thermosetting resin for improving mechanical strength is phenolic resin or epoxy resin.
6. A mechanically strong fuel cell current collector plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said active conductive region is further divided into at least two active regions insulated from each other by an insulator.
7. The mechanically high strength fuel cell flow guide plate of claim 6, wherein said insulator comprises plastic resin or rubber.
8. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell diversion polar plate with high mechanical strength is characterized in that the diversion polar plate is manufactured by adopting graphite powder and bonding resin through one-time hot press molding through a die, the diversion polar plate is divided into two areas, the middle is an active conductive area, the periphery is an inactive area with high mechanical strength, the raw materials of the two areas are combined by adopting the graphite powder and different bonding resins or the graphite powder and the same bonding resins are combined according to different proportions, and the hot press molding temperature is 100-400 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100166107A CN100464450C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Diversion polar plates of fuel cell in high mechanical strength |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100166107A CN100464450C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Diversion polar plates of fuel cell in high mechanical strength |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1661834A true CN1661834A (en) | 2005-08-31 |
| CN100464450C CN100464450C (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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| CNB2004100166107A Expired - Lifetime CN100464450C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | Diversion polar plates of fuel cell in high mechanical strength |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101826621A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-09-08 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate for fuel cells |
| CN108028393A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-05-11 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell and its manufacture method |
| CN109449456A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-03-08 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Bipolar plates, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and dual-electrode plates preparation method |
| CN112993295A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-18 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell partition composite plate and forming device and method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050142413A1 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2005-06-30 | Sansho Kakou Co., Ltd. | Separator for fuel cell, method for producing the same, and fuel cell using the same |
| CN1299372C (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2007-02-07 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Guide plate for proton exchange film fuel cell and its manufacture |
| DE10219384A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-20 | Proton Motor Fuel Cell Gmbh | Bipolar plate for fuel cell stacks and process for their manufacture |
-
2004
- 2004-02-27 CN CNB2004100166107A patent/CN100464450C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101826621A (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2010-09-08 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Bipolar plate for fuel cells |
| CN108028393A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-05-11 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell and its manufacture method |
| CN108028393B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2021-02-09 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN109449456A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-03-08 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Bipolar plates, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and dual-electrode plates preparation method |
| CN112993295A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-18 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell partition composite plate and forming device and method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100464450C (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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