CN1656490A - Process for determining optimal packaging and shipping of goods - Google Patents
Process for determining optimal packaging and shipping of goods Download PDFInfo
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- CN1656490A CN1656490A CN 03811429 CN03811429A CN1656490A CN 1656490 A CN1656490 A CN 1656490A CN 03811429 CN03811429 CN 03811429 CN 03811429 A CN03811429 A CN 03811429A CN 1656490 A CN1656490 A CN 1656490A
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Abstract
A process for determining an optimal method and cost of packaging and shipping goods gathers data from sources including order information, product characteristics, packaging materials and specifications, labor rates, and shipping and transportation rates in order to determine an optimal configuration for packaging for a designated freight mode and time. The process determines the optimal method by considering any specifications or requirements for the order, lead times, available packaging materials and freight options, and then calculates the least total cost of material, labor, and freight combined. The process is designed to provide the cost of packaging and shipping information in real time, when a buyer and seller are deciding whether to consummate a transaction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the packing and the transportation of commodity.More particularly, the present invention relates to be used to determine in required time frame inner packing and the best approach of transportation commodity and the method for cost.This method is designed to as the buyer and sells upright decision to provide information when whether realizing concluding the business in real time.
Background technology
Along with e-commerce development, connected system will allow cost of development economy and the effective supply chain of service.The better information of the information by being used for management product stream, material, artificial and transportation and carrier will realize the minimizing of speed and cost.For promotion method efficient, handling cost and satisfy the gradually high service expectation of consumer, company must provide more flexible and high speed fulfillment operation lever main points advolution (leveraging key converging) technology.
Although technology provides many benefits to supply chain, because company keeps their product difference (margin) as possible, so Order Fulfillment is just becoming expensive day by day and difficult in the Internet trading environment.Secondly, preparing to provide the visibility of competition between the supplier of identical or substitute products and increase just making price be reduced to make supplier must serve as that their cost and the degree of product difference are carefully managed in the basis with each order.
A problem is to understand the true transportation of transaction and the uncertainty of service charge before submitting to and carrying out.To the too for a short time product difference that reduces of transportation charge, overcharge and to make the consumer assert their supplier base again.Another problem is, because impaired commodity amount causes higher cost and consumer to be unsatisfied with between the delivery period that defective packing causes.The buyer is also just needing higher personalized degree, requires their order to satisfy the certain illustrated that they buy and sell.
For avoiding these problems, the orthodox practice that is used for shipping and service charge is as follows:
1) freight charges of the independent circuit item of conduct after transporting product.This allows the seller with FOB (free on board), and place of production clause is to their product price asked or quotation.By all prices are delivered to the buyer, sell and the freight charges and the real price of commodity can be separated.Uncertain freight charges came to an end when the problem of this convention was that the buyer concludes the transaction to be received in, thereby they can not be based on the business between the more a plurality of sellers of the total price of order.Secondly, after submitting order to, can't encourage the seller to note optimizing their packing and transportation.
2) some sellers provide the estimated value of real cost really when reaching order.This is usually based on the weight of product and in some instances based on packing, so that estimate freight charges.The problem of this method is: spend many times or energy to estimate this expense; Often inaccurate, and optimization seldom, because do not consider to pack config set to reach least cost means with respect to the freight charges choice set.
3) usually the seller charges to flat fortune and service charge simply, or expense based on purchase volume (that is, if purchase Shao Yu $75, Yun Fei ﹠amp; Service charge service charge $15, if buy between $75 to $125, charge $10 takes, or the like).Although this provides the determinacy about the total cost of the required payment of the buyer, this has about actual freight and service charge never is for what basis.Under the situation, this may encourage the buyer shop of pursuing to choose the difference that maybe may reduce the seller when being lower than the real cost of packing and transportation when expense.
The problem of above-mentioned all methods is only just to realize real cost after the warehouse-in level is carried out.
Second problem that is used for determining the current method of freight charges and service charge is that the expense that " in earlier stage " maked a promise seldom optimizes.This specifies the last weight and the size of order to take place because specify the packing of order to change.Simultaneously, although exist available rate to choose (rate shopping) software package in most of warehouse management systems, rate takes place after packages orders choose, so do not optimize in the packing configuration that is suitable for specific mode of freight transportation ideally.
The specific dimensions of cask and weight particularly when rate is chosen the several carrier of leap, have remarkable influence to freight charges to freight charges.In other words, the packing of neither one the best configuration-, independent the best packing configuration is arranged just only to appointment mode of freight transportation based on the special time frame.When rate was chosen the increase cost of crossing over several carriers or relatively accelerating shipping and begun to work, the quantity of best packing configuration only increased with the quantity that shipping is selected.For example, most of small packet carriers are used for the final total weight of packing of land transportation as the basis of the consumer's who calculates them freight charges.Yet the identical carrier who is used for " next day " cargo transport makes the basis of charging change over " size " weight from general assembly (TW).Dimensional weight be based on the tolerance of packaging size-rather than it have multiple.In both cases, the best packing configuration that is used for each situation is different.Be the further complicated basis that is used for best packing configuration, the cargo transport carrier also has necessary over dimensioning expense and the size restrictions of considering to parcel.Another example is when rate is chosen between LTL (being lower than wagon load) and small packet carrier, all use different bases-common small packet carrier that transportation is chargeed to use weight based on each parcel, and the LTL carrier uses general assembly (TW), and irrelevant with the quantity and the shipping kind of parcel.Because these differences, good strategy is to attempt the employed package quantity of restriction when using the small packet carrier usually.Yet, when using the LTL carrier, seldom be correct for this strategy of packing.
Determine more " optimizations " pack and transportation resources in another important consideration be that solution can change for the selection of optimized degree available wrappage in the stock.For example, when the small packet carrier being used for general assembly (TW) and exceeding 65 pounds multiple different article, most packer will use at least 2 containers to pack these article.Reason to this is that the fiberboard container of buying usually is to have the maximum weight capacity to reach 65 pounds 200# test intensity container.Yet, deposit stronger cardboard among the stock and can allow 80,95 pounds, even up to 120 pounds.Usually do not hold these containers, because they are too expensive and when considering all different sizes, the packer must have sizable wrappage stock, this will cause higher stock's carrying cost.Because the ability of the minimum total cost that calculating of the present invention is artificial, material and shipping combine can be advised to the user when guaranteeing that material cost increases, to offset the bigger potential expense in shipping aspect.Secondly, by introducing the 3rd side, such as packaging plant, wrappage dealer or even the shipping carrier wrappage that can eliminate keeping the burden that the seller had aspect the big wrappage stock are provided itself.The company of fulfiling specially simultaneously, is than specialty not too and to have the seller/transporter of less transportation and stock ability more effective.These functions of outsourcing make the seller might further reduce transaction cost when the buyer provides commodity.Use has third party the present invention as packer and transporter, and requiring the 3rd side is local to the seller, and is selling location common carrier product, or sells and commodity can be discharged to the 3rd location.The 3rd side represents the seller or buyer's packing and transportation (even may use another carrier) commodity then.
Therefore, still need provide accurate and minimum possible cost, so that the cost and the information of determinative of whether wishing to finish their transaction as party concerned both sides is provided based on the parameter of setting by the buyer and the seller.The required method that provides potential packing of product configuration, these packing configurations are decided rate to determine optimum transportation and pack mode with respect to the different sets of patterns of may freighting then.What further need is a kind of like this method, this method tracks inventory, maybe can use third party packer/consignor, be used to determine to can be used for producing the supply of this packing configuring condition, and keep the stock and determine to compare with third party packer/consignor with helping, use or lay in which kind of stock.The advantage that these need and provide other to be correlated with is provided in the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to be used to determine in the required time frame, specify packing and the best practice of transportation commodity and the automated process of cost of order.This method is designed to provide packing cost and transit information in real time when the buyer and the seller determine whether to realize transaction.The data that this method utilization is collected from the source that comprises sequence information, product performance, wrappage and specification, man-rating and shipping and freight rates are so that be identified for packing best configuration with designed mode of freight transportation.The present invention selects to determine best practice by considering any explanation or demand, delivery cycle, used pack material and the shipping be used for order, calculates material, artificial and minimum total cost that shipping is disposed then.Then with this data with acting on the transaction price and being used in the warehouse level or to the basis of the 3rd side who fulfils and the transport generation work order that can carry out commodity.
Method of the present invention comprises the step that obtains sequence information, and this sequence information comprises the availability of commodity and the delivery period that commodity must arrive named place of destination.The physical characteristics of retrieval commodity, it comprises size and weight.Best, can be from these physical characteristicss of database retrieval of previous these characteristics of input.Determine then whether any predetermined packing specification or unit packaging specification are suitable for these commodity.Also can be from these specifications of database retrieval.
Be identified for one or more packing configurations of commodity then.These packing configurations can be based on physical characteristics, the total volume of commodities and any used pack or the unit packaging specification of commodity.These packing configurations also can be based on the input from the seller or the buyer.
Be identified for the type and the amount of the wrappage demand of each packing configuration then.Calculate the wrappage and the cost of labor that are used for one or more packing configurations then.
Method of the present invention can be estimated the seller's packing stock, to determine one or more packings are configured in whether enough materials are arranged among the stock.The present invention also preferably is connected to and maybe can uses the 3rd side's packing/shipping source to determine whether to use the third party.When using the third party, retrieve third-party wrappage stock, shipp. wt. and available selection, man-rating and suitable service fee.
Be identified for the commodity of one or more packing configurations and the combination size and the weight of wrappage then.Then, at the available carrier's mode of freight transportation that transports that is used to pack configuration, select to carry out deciding expense for packing configuration traffic load by delivery period.All suitable rules that the present invention considers each carrier are such as over dimensioning, overweight, maximum weight, full-size or the like.Then, will be used for the cost that each traffic load selects and offer the user.This preferably finishes in real time so that provide required selection to the seller and the buyer, makes the reason decision to allow them before finishing basic order transaction.Then, the optimum traffic load of selecting both sides to expect is most selected.Select although this may be the most cheap traffic load, the buyer may be ready that the expense of paying increase sends commodity quickly.The present invention can provide this information.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description that in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates principle of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing example explanation the present invention.In these figure:
Figure 1A-1E is the process flow diagram of example explanation process in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the example explanation is according to the potential type of transaction of sequence information used herein and the figure in source;
Fig. 3 is according to the present invention, and the manual input or the retrieval of employed physical product characteristic and predetermined packing specification are described with the illustrated example of matrix form;
Fig. 4 is the product performance tabulation of listing according to exemplary commodity used in the present invention;
Fig. 5 describes the exemplary template that is used for according to packing specification used in the present invention; And
Fig. 6 describes the template that is used for according to the inventory of material used in the present invention.
Embodiment
Be the example illustration purpose, as shown in FIG., the invention belongs to and be identified for packing and transporting the best practice of commodity and the method for cost.This is that " in real time " realized, so that the buyer and seller acquired information apace, thereby determine whether to finish transaction.The present invention allows both sides to be implemented in the purchase total cost of dividing between commercial value, transportation and service charge usefulness and any available tax of commodity.Also can operate packing configuration and delivery time so that observe and more personalized scheme, such as having the different costs of accelerating Delivery time, specialized package material or the like.
By calculating material, the definite originally best practice of minimum assembly artificial and the freight charges combination.In this method of execution, the present invention also provides and allows to participate in providing significant data in many ways or participate in specific performance and the transportation of commodity or both co-operation platforms.Definite best practice is so that provide the cost computing information the present invention accepts transaction between the seller and the buyer before, and the transaction whether this information can wish to finish them for both parties concerned is the determining cause element really.This is by being connected to the various systems that comprise sequence information, product performance, wrappage and specification, labour cost and shipping and trucking costs and database so that be identified for packing and specify the allocation optimum of mode of freight transportation to realize.The present invention selects to determine best practice by considering any explanation or demand, delivery time, used pack material and the shipping be used for order, calculates material, artificial and minimum total cost that shipping is made up then.Then with this data with acting on the transaction price and being used in the warehouse level or to the basis of the 3rd side who fulfils and the transport generation work order that can carry out commodity.
The orthodox practice of collecting shipping and service charge is not realized the true and optimal cost distributed.Only after the warehouse level is carried out, could realize accurately and optimal cost.This is owing to specify the packing of order to change the final weight and the size of specifying order, and it is caused to be placed on the quantity of the article in the specified containers.Secondly, the concrete size of cask and weight can particularly have appreciable impact to traffic expense to traffic expense when rate is chosen the several carrier of leap.Although there is the transportation assessment software in market, the present invention's consideration is used for the Optimal packet assembling of each different shippings selection puts, so that determine to carry out the minimum total cost of concluding the business.Determine irrespectively with carrier assessment that the Optimal packet assembling is put and do not cause minimum total cost.In fact, utilize least cost means of the present invention to discuss minimum total cost and always do not equal minimum packaging cost or minimum transportation cost, but the combination cost is minimum.The present invention also allows the user to operate any variable of aviation order so that the expense of comparison different schemes.For example, if the buyer or seller packing demand or the explanation special owing to the buyer's material handling device, personalized wrappage or the like have then can be changed package and the shipping method.Simultaneously, the buyer can change the product mix that is used for order, delivery time or the like, so that relatively Different Package and transportation cost.The seller can select to buy new stock's wrappage, increase the used pack material that is used for order, use different transportation carriers or introduce special packing and freight collect and have more large packing material stock's the 3rd side, thereby recognize other efficient and cost reduction.Realize the database of information that exchange needs and they are cooperated with depositing by connecting difference side, can quick and easily determine all these selections.As long as determine packing and mode of freight transportation, the work order that then produces the seller or specify the third party to carry out.
The present invention can also be as the independently application program that is free of attachment to the buyer or the seller.For example, the user can utilize the present invention so that in order to produce the purpose of the schedule of prices that is used for product that comprises the cost (FOB (free on board), destination price) that is distributed to assigned address, determine best practice and cost.Another example is if the buyer pays shipping and transportation based on FOB place of production clause usually, and the buyer may wish to check to check whether the buyer pays shipping just equitably.This is to be used for the product of actual order and characteristic and the public inventory by utilizing wrappage and scale of rates by input to calculate best practice and realize.Can also use this method so that determine wrappage stock's optimal selection by wrappage sales force or warehouseman.
Figure 1A-1E is that example illustrates the process flow diagram in the particular preferred approach of the present invention.The present invention at first receives beginning (100) the data (price request) by transaction between the buyer and the seller or transaction quotation.The present invention must at first consider to buy or sell which kind of product, when need and need from where where transporting or be transported to.The data relevant with typical transaction comprise the place of production of article itself (quoting by article or Part No. and description thereof), aequum, unit price, product and send destination, required delivery time and clause.
Can be from order engine or the similar database access sequence information that comprises related data.The present invention can maybe can use electronic protocol with this database is integrated, communicates by letter with it such as XML, HTML or the like.For responding for example request for quote (RFQ) purpose, can also key in this database again.
Fig. 2 example explanation the present invention can extract the type of the business transaction of sequence information from it.In the type of transaction that great majority are sold between two sides, usually when the buyer when article catalogue (electronics or paper) is done shopping, the seller (10) provides the product of its sale to the buyer (12).The seller also can be in the mode of auction, through the third party electronic market or the buyer be the other media that is connected thereto electronically of buying purpose, simultaneously to the offer for sale quotation of article of a plurality of buyeies.The buyer also can be posted in market, buying website with RFQ (contrary auction) or similarly use on (16).In all cases, the media that is used to conclude the business can be through electronic digital interface (EDI) on Web, or enters order entry system or the like (18) through telephone communication.No matter conclude the business whether initiating electron ground carries out, data finally can enter communicates by letter with the present invention or the order entry system of integrated seller's side.
The present invention will by consider to list by the seller they ATP (but promised time (available-to-promise time) determine that port can be used for transporting the time of commodity.This normally recognizes based on article one by one, or the order engine stock that can check the seller is to check whether stock in hand or when can obtain of article.Have different the obtained time as fruit product, then will exist some about whether in a collection of, transporting all article (by validity at the latest) or as the expression of shipment separately.
As long as the present invention has and is used for a product or the relevant data of a plurality of product, it must obtain the data (102) relevant with the actual product characteristic, the physical attribute of this data description each individual articles of indication in sequence information.With reference to figure 3, bottom line of the present invention need be used for the weight and the size of the article of the order that it is just handling.When being the seller (10) when product is provided, these data are provided by the seller (10) usually, if or the buyer (12) when having puted up the request that is used for product, can provide by the buyer (12).Third party (20) also can provide the product content of the physical characteristics that comprises product.These data can be obtained from existing database or legacy system (22) by either party among the seller (10), the buyer (12) or the third party (20).If, do not have the data available of relevant physical characteristics, then when transaction, can manually import (24) no matter for any reason.
Many catalog data bases comprise the open field relevant with the physical product characteristic that is used for each product SKU or article, but seldom fill.The table of various physical characteristicss of dissimilar products or the example of parallel database are listed in Fig. 4 example explanation.Can create these tables or database again or be used for upgrading the database of morning, if initial NO words.For the open field or the parameter that are used for physical characteristics of specifying article to collect be (but being not limited to) weight, length, width, highly, fragility, whether soft, the polishing type of article, and can also have relevant with it packing specification.Flexible objects is an energy scrolling, folding, or not hard in essence article.This expression can change the size of article.The polishing type is relevant with the surface on the article that can scrape, corrode or the like.This expression should be used the packing of some types, special bag, or article not should self or contact with another article.To frangible article, the present invention is based on by the frangibility of Gs tolerance and determine shock attenuation needs.Table package design slip-stick artist's example is with reference to about the G ' s that determines to describe in following table and the method for drop.
| The approximate frangibility of the typical packaging product of table 1- | |
| Very easily broken aircraft altimeter, the fixed disk hard disk drive | ????15-25G′s |
| Very accurate medical diagnostic apparatus, X-ray apparatus | ????25-40G′s |
| Accurate computing machine display terminal and printer, electronic typewriter, cash register | ????40-60G′s |
| Stereo and the television receiver of medium precision, floppy disk | ????60-85G′s |
| Medium coarse big apparatus and furniture | ????85-115G′s |
| Coarse table saw, sewing machine, lathe | More than 115G ' s reaches |
| The typical drop of table 2- | ||
| Press the weight range gross weight of lbs | Handle type | Drop by inch |
| ?????????0-10 | 1 people throws | ??????42 |
| ????????10-20 | 2 people throw | ??????36 |
| ????????20-50 | 1 people throws | ??????30 |
| ????????50-100 | 2 people carry | ??????24 |
| ????????100-250 | With light packsly put processing | ??????18 |
| ????????250+ | Processing is put in refitting | ??????12 * |
*The pallet product can receive 6 inches drops
This allows the user to select so that select frangibility tolerance from the inventory of similar articles.The present invention also is user friendly to other selectivity characteristics (such as being used for surface finish), selects simply to be described as waiting it to become dry article to allow the user, does not carefully want the characteristic of cut or the like.
Physical characteristics can be from various source, such as by user's manually input at any time, or also can be provided by designated user.For example, the workman who commodity is received the warehouse imports desired data before it can be used for selling.If article have sale on market, and be common sales, can provide content by in seller or the market itself, then, this content is reused for the following buyer and the seller.Article also can be unique parts of making, and in either case, the seller or the buyer will provide data.
Next step is to check whether any packing specification relevant with any article of a part that is chosen as order is arranged, or any special packing demand (104) that is proposed by the seller, the buyer or third party is not arranged.Usually carry out this operation, because special article may for example be easy to humidity, play static, or very frangible or have a high value.
Packing specification is the tabulation whether the expression article have the packaging step of extra package materials demand.The article 8351 and 9537 of noticing Fig. 4 had predetermined packing specification.The table of Fig. 5 example explanation packing specification, some are default, other are selected by the user.The Item Number 8351 of Fig. 4 and 9537 packing specification (A09 and B12) for example in Fig. 5, have been listed, and these packing specifications are not only represented the type of material requested, and the expression material will be used for what stage of packaging process or the function that material will be used for (being the unit packaging stage).For example, article may require to be encapsulated in some antistatic materials packing for example in the bag, and " pack " function is to put into the step that takes place before the container after packing but with article.Although required article to be in the unit container so that the input product database, some article may still not have unit container.When bulk picks up article, occur these situations usually, or it has need some special requirements or the process carried out before packing is itemized a container.The packing specification that generation is used for article will guarantee that the packer follows the appointment requirement.
Simultaneously, the present invention also allows the user that other indication and material are increased in the specification.For example, article can require cleaning, supporting, maybe can embed some parts.This allows the packing and the processing of customization special article.After the record packing specification, the present invention is kept at data and sequence information and physical product characteristic in the storer.
If article have the extra package of needs demand characteristics (for example article very frangible, be easy to humidity or play static or the like), can have mark to the packing specification above it.Yet article may be for example frangible, but do not have packing specification.Therefore, be used to specify frangible rank or G factor in the physical characteristics of article by identification, the present invention can produce packing specification in subsequent step.
Next step is whether the inquiry seller about using third party packer's indication (106).If will use the third party packer, then from third-party database retrieval third party wrappage stock, freight charges and available selection, labour cost and suitable service fee (108).If do not use the third party to pack and transport, then retrieve seller's wrappage and stock, freight charges and available selection and labour cost (110).
In either case, the inventory or the packing list (BOM) that need the wrappage of packing order.With reference to figure 6, example illustrates according to exemplary BOM used in the present invention.
As bottom line, the packer must be able to be provided for material, the cask that fill in the space, and the device that is used to seal cask.Inventory is complicated sometimes because the method (may unlikely a kind of method) that every kind of listed material also has a Material Used with and purposes in applied packing specification.This provides the process of introducing connection with wrapping of piece together with any packing specification, and the important link that can accurately calculate the artificial and fee of material of each order.Material can also have more than one packing methods and function.
Packing method can be a manual process, or more automatic method, such as using machine to fill, distribute, seal or the like.Under any circumstance, relevant with it according to the standard of time (people or machine, or both).This requirement provides labour cost so that measure suitable cost of labor.For example, the loose filling of material such as polystyrene will have the function that fill in bedding and padding/space.Its packing method will use the whereabouts inclined tube as divider.This whereabouts inclined tube method can have 30 seconds time standards, calculates cost of labor when using it at every turn.By the volume of extracting container, and deduct that the volume of article calculates employed loose loading in the container.Another example is to use six band encapsulating methods to twine cardboard.In this case, by considering to be used for the size of the applied flap of cardboard and the quantity of band, calculate the quantity of material that is used for airtight container.
The user can be provided for the default interpretation of their material database, also allows the more personalized explanation of specialities except that being used for normal packaging process simultaneously.For example the user can construct default function with loose filling as bedding and padding/space fill, with the kraft band as sealing, and corrugated cardboard is used for all containers.Yet,, use deferrization necessary material outside the province with triggering the present invention if some article have yield unique product characteristics or packing specification.
The user that BOM is set also needs to import them and wishes the cost of labor used between man-hour with respect to the normal man who is used for packing method.The user may also wish to be added to rise in price on their labour cost and to have the fixed service expense simply, if they are third party packers.Labour cost will be separated different types of work, and labour cost comprises other that hired laborer's cost and user wish to define.For example, the labour cost that is used for the warehouse common laborer can be Mei Xiaoshi $20, and the labour cost that is used for the machine operator may be Mei Xiaoshi $28.
Obviously, BOM will comprise the multiple material with identical function.Which kind of material the present invention will be at first selects to use based on geometry of required packing specification, Performance Characteristics, article or the like.For example, the frangible grade of article will be stipulated the actual type of the vibration-absorptive material that can use.The material of listing in database is by type relevant with those materials and the classification of listed Performance Characteristics.For example, container will be represented maximum recommended weight, the edge deformation test of container and content or (anti-broken) test of breaking.Vibration-absorptive material will comprise deceleration damping curve, static load limit or the like, and carry out vibration-absorptive material and determine other required tolerance.
Every kind of material will have identification number, explanation, measuring unit, unit cost and unit weight, as shown in Figure 6.The cost of the material that the user will be bought by linear module input.The present invention converts unit price to and calculates material and required linear module or " applying unit " of cost of labor.For example, the user may buy a volume kraft band by Yong $3.80, and is being used for the enhanced leaktightness band, and kraft, size 3 " are imported this price in * 450 feet the description.Because sealing function call linear module inch is so be calculated to be automatically by the tape unit price of inch.Unit weight is also carried out identical operations.
The present invention also monitor which kind of material in stock, their amount and reordering points (maximum/minimum) and quantity ordered again.The user also has the selection that directly obtains material from the wrappage dealer electronically.When exhausting or obtain material, correspondingly adjust tank farm stock.The present invention also monitors employed material and the not history use of the material of purchase.For example, if when application-specific owner stock will only have 15 container dimensionals, the present invention monitors which kind of size is the most general in the inventory of 500+ size.This will allow the user to reformulate and purchase the scantling that is more suitable for usage trend.
According to the present invention, be necessary for the seller or third party and obtain or extract freight charges from employed database.To the small packet carrier, such as UPS, FedEx or the like, rate is announced.The present invention will keep the up-to-date rate (but when them become the time spent) from main carrier, and the present invention also provides LTL (less than the truck load) carrier and also will utilize the rate scale of being announced.Usually, the present invention is designed to show the comprehensive shipping table that is used for a plurality of main carriers.
In this system, also comprehensively be used for method, over dimensioning expense of each carrier's rate rule, driven dimension weight or the like.The user can also represent that they can maybe may wish the rise in price price is added in their shipping from any discount of carrier's acquisition.Consignor (seller or third party) needs to indicate them simply and wishes which type of carrier to carry out rate at chooses, and also indicates any discount structure.
The present invention allows the consignor to import to be used for the carrier's that they may use rate scale, but not even as big as having the rate scale of announcement.Under LTL carrier's situation, will need more information, such as the shipping type.According to the type of shipping, this is being that the basis must be imported when evaluating with each order.
Then, the present invention determines whether that enough information produces packing and traffic program (112).If data deficiencies, prompting user input data (114) maybe can abandon handling (116).The user can also should be used for responding with required mode setting.For example, if product performance is imperfect, during process of exchange, can point out the seller or Any user in table, to import (being Fig. 4).Another example is, if do not have enough data to satisfy the packing specification demand in the seller or the third-party bill of materials, can indicate the present invention to be used to equivalent material from the Universal Database of wrappage.Yet if determine closing the transaction, the seller must obtain new material.
If determine that sequence information, product performance and set information sufficiently complete are calculated with operation and relatively, the present invention will determine whether to exist have be used to pack, any article (118) of the unit packaging specification of pack or damping.If recognize the article with unit packaging specification, the present invention will at first determine material requested amount (120) based on the packing specification and the amount of commodity of article.This will require a series of step, and at first by the packing specification of BOM database and product is mated.BOM will have the material by linear module statement, help to calculate be used to pack, the required quantity of material of damping or the like.As long as extract unit weight, unit materials and unit labour cost from BOM, the present invention can determine required quantity of material.
Following formula can be used to calculate packing, damping and the pack length of material and the width of specifying article.
Wrappage
Package length=(width of 2 * article)+(height of 2 * article)+2
The height of the length+article of package-width=article+1.5
The turnup vibration-absorptive material
The quantity of turnup damping length=layer * (height of the width of 2 * article+2 * article+1)
The cutting vibration-absorptive material
The length of the length=article of heelpiece
The width of the width=article of heelpiece+2 * damping thickness
The thickness of the thickness=damping of the end and top pad
The thickness of the length+2 * damping of the length=article of end pad
Thickness=damping the thickness of end pad
The length of the length=article of side pad
The height of the width=article of side pad
The thickness of side pad=damping thickness
Soft (bag) material
Length=2 * item width+2 * article length+3 of bag are to 5
The degree of depth+3 of the length+article of the width=article of bag are to 5
Above-mentioned all numerals of listing all are inches.It should be noted that, the above-mentioned formula of listing can be made amendment to take into account utilization rate or waste factor.Certainly, those skilled in the art will recognize, these formula only are examples, and the material requested amount that is identified for any special article by additive method also within the scope of the invention.
Then, the present invention can be according to specification, calculate be used to pack increase progressively unit materials and cost of labor (122) and the new weight of the article of packing, damping or pack and size (124).If for example pack and the damping article, the present invention follows the tracks of new size after first process of specifying article before being next process size article once more so.
Even the selected article in the order are not had the unit packaging specification, next step be determine article whether have need except standard voids fill or dunnage material damping or the physical product characteristic (126) of wrappage.
Describe if provide the frangibility that is used for article, for example determined by comparison sheet 1 and 2, the present invention will search its frangibility rate and weight so.The weight of article is determined drop, and the G factor is used for frangibility.Also by weight is determined the load of article divided by surface area.Other physical characteristicss of measuring and provided by the material property characteristic of listing in the bill of materials with " damping curve ", the stationary load of specific vibration-absorptive material are provided for all these compares.Usually, most vibration-absorptive material will not have many performance metrics of listing in BOM, but some materials will be provided for measuring creep, temperature and crooked attribute.Simultaneously, if employed vibration-absorptive material is " cutting " but not " turnup " material can be specified the unit container that is used for article.
The Information Selection vibration-absorptive material (128) that is provided will be provided in the present invention.The amount of protective material will change with the thickness of employed material.Yet employed material is many more, causes material cost, implements its and employedly may weight and sizes artificial and article increase many more.Calculate material and cost of labor (122) and by the new weight of damping article and size (124).If can accept unlikely a kind of vibration-absorptive material, the present invention will select available all available selections so, and each is not only different on cost, and the weight that changes object with big or small aspect also different.For example, if second kind of vibration-absorptive material is more expensive, but do not reduce the weight or the size of object, the present invention should select to descend as standby selection so.Then, the present invention is before entering into next step, make form with the new weight and the size of material and cost of labor and available selection.
Requiring another physical product characteristic of additional wrappage is surface finish.The surface of article can be described as requiring other protection, because article are easy to cut or are easy to humidity, static or the like.Under BOM, the promising surface finish of describing under the physical product characteristic provides some bag or wrappage of protection.About vibration-absorptive material, calculate the material that is used for the surface finish protection in a like fashion, in the step below entering, preserve the record of all available substitutes.
Then, the present invention determines whether the commodity of being discussed are existed unit packaging specification (130).If the packing specification relevant with unit container arranged, the article that allow an above unit so are in unit packaging.In this case, the present invention will change the amount of required unit container.
Determine type and size, the space filling of container then and be used for the encapsulant (132) that all containers are selected.On the basis of all possible container size that will hold object to be packaged, from BOM selection unit container.This is fit to the container of required object by at first selecting size, secondly, determines by listing container of not satisfying the performance requirement that is used for the maximum weight tolerance limit or the like tout court.In this case, required object can be pack, Individual Items or a plurality of article of damping or the like.If have an above object to pack in the unit container according to desired in specification, may change the geometry of object so.Be the object of the invention, determine whether above article in unit container, they will be laminated to each other, and the height of new object will be the summation of the minimum dimension of Individual Items.For example, the stacked final tolerance that is measured as 8 " * 3 " * 2 " 6 article will provide 8 " * 3 " * 12 ".Similarly, another possibility is that article will form 2 piles, and each tolerance is 8 " * 3 " * 6 ", its total unit sizes is 8 " * 6 " * 6 ".
The possibility of the final size of the object that will be packed by unit with respect to the available selection inspection of the unit container of in BOM, listing then.The highest, the medium and minimum size of this size by listing object by descending and possible container and definite object is easy to realize greater than the means of each numerical value of container.For example, if, check 8 " * 3 " * 12 with respect to two container sizes of 10 " * 6 " * 6 " and 12 " * 4 " * 10 " " object.To determine only second container 12 " * 4 " * 10 so " be fit to; because the numerical value 12 * 8 * 3 and 10 * 6 * 6 and 12 * 10 * 4 of the object by its face that will overturn compares; 10 * 6 * 6 containers can not be used, because the first and second the highest numerical value 10 ' with 6 ' be not more than 12 ' with 8 '.Yet, if check 8 " * 6 " * 6 with respect to two container dimensionals " object, 10 * 6 * 6 will be fit to rather than 12 * 10 * 4 so.If list in BOM one can be used as unit container with upper container, the present invention remains record that may container and is used for the least cost Scheme Selection so.
The present invention can adopt the U.S. patent No. 5,430,831, the usage of " Method of PackingRectangular Objects in a Rectangular Area or Space by determinationof Free Sub-area or Sub-spaces " by name, its content is incorporated herein for your guidance.Yet, it should be noted that the free space amount that reduces in the specified containers will not necessarily cause preferred plan.The method that reaches optimal case is to select with respect to available carrier, tests packing configuration as much as possible.
As mentioned above, for finishing the unit container requirement, also be identified for the filling of required space or bedding and padding amount, seal of vessel and any label and/or mark that all unit container are selected.This specifies space filling, encapsulant or the like to finish by search in BOM at first by checking to check whether appointed product is had any packing specification (according to material requirements) then.Material that can use and cost of labor and new weight and container configuration or selection are many more, may reach the cost optimal case more.
The present invention is based on object is close to another object, thereby the geometry of change composition will be considered different geometric configuration.Yet,, suppose that delegation's article of an above quantity will be together adjacent with identical items unless mention especially.Therefore, the geometric configuration of a plurality of identical items can be combined into one represent object and the cask of packing in-reach the weight and the size restrictions of specified containers.
Simultaneously, the present invention must consider the quantity (external container) of the composite unit relevant with the quantity of object.For example, 1 object will be placed in 1 external container, 2 objects can be placed in 2 independent external containers or be combined into 1 container, and 3 objects can be placed in 3 independent containers, have 2 external containers of 3 kinds of various combinations or make up 1 external container of all 3 objects.Because being index with the quantity increase of unit packaging, the quantity of geometrical combination increases, so the quantity that is necessary to use aforesaid optimal selection method and stereometry that some are other or mathematical algorithm to reduce geometrical combination.
Be the object of the invention, the user can be based on specific strategy, and the grade of selecting to be selected quantity is selected.For example, the present invention can select preceding 3 to select a) fewest containers number; B) minimum general assembly (TW) c) material and artificial minimum total cost, c) minimum container cumulative volume or the like.These all are to select to carry out deciding the feasible container selection of expense at all available carriers.Yet, one of skill in the art will appreciate that also to have the packing specification predetermined to the external container of selected special article or commodity.Certainly, will follow these packing specifications.
About unit container,, select outside or cask (144) based on the size of the object of putting into container and the performance requirement of selected container.Outside or the cask selected from the bill of materials must satisfy maximum weight and size requirements, and other performance metrics.
For finishing outside or cask demand, also be identified for the filling of required space or bedding and padding amount, seal of vessel and any label and/or mark that all unit container " the best " are selected.This specifies space filling, encapsulant or the like to finish by search in BOM at first by checking to check whether appointed product to be existed any packing specification (according to materials demand) then.Each container is selected, calculated material and cost of labor and new weight and size (148 and 150) that complete unit container is selected.
Next step is to determine whether outside or cask are final transport assembly (152).For example, if a plurality of casks are arranged, then before deciding freight charges, packing specification can access them so that unified.Under any circumstance, if unify load (that is), unified load or possible unified load collection will be constituted because its material handling device if the shipping carrier or the buyer request of load are unified in plan request for utilization of the present invention.This unit load can be bigger container, backing plate load, slip sheet load or the like.These materials are available and are listed among the BOM by function.Simultaneously, can use stabilizing material, for example can require and must be identified for hitching or the material (154) of packing unit load.With similar, material and cost of labor are made form in preceding step.The present invention will move one group of algorithm so that determine the configuration (158) of final traffic load based on the characteristic of transportation or external container.
Then, final traffic load choice set is decided expense.The present invention determines that speed and what acknowledgement of consignment of sending requirement can provide sending between the place of production and destination locations.Searching suitable shipping table then, is any rules of goods traffic of base application, restriction and shipping classification (weight, size or the like) with each carrier, and is identified for the freight cost (160 and 162) that each traffic load is selected.The present invention also will consider each carrier's other or special expenses (164).
In case be identified for the freight charges that each traffic load is selected, itself and the artificial and material cost that is used for that customized configuration or selection made up.The present invention selects configuration (166) from the choice set of minimum total cost with material, artificial and freight charges then.Can select single Optimal packet assembling to put and Transportation Model, yet, preferably select a plurality of optimum packings and the transporter science of law to select for the user.Then the result is sent to the media that the buyer and the seller are used for carrying out sales transactions, so that show (168).This result is illustrated in required time frame inner packing and the cost of the selected order of transportation and the packing and the transport instruction collection of recommendation.The buyer or the seller can reconfigure the variable relevant with product mixing, order itself, wrappage, shipping selection or the like so that operate the present invention once more, perhaps provide better result, promptly based on wrappage or the wideer selection of different delivery times or the like (170 and 172).If the approval transaction, the present invention will produce being appointed as packer and consignor's your work order.Be generally the seller, or the third party of At Seller (174 and 176).This work order will provide the instruction set of specifying order about how to pack and transport.This instruction also can be visual in itself, so that describe the direction with packaged article better.
Unacceptable if conclude the business, or the buyer or the seller do not wish to recomputate or reconfigure with product and mix relevant variable, and then process finishes (178).
The example how the present invention makes the user be benefited is as follows: the Joel that stays in California likes at the auction site of his the hobby auto parts of vying for selling.One day, some auto parts that potential buyer John bid purchase Joel is just auctioning-have only him that the price of the auto parts of the cost that must comprise the position Florida that is delivered to him is provided.Sara also submits a tender, but her price does not have the height of John, and she stays in Texas.Auction site uses the present invention as the convenient of its member and have and will pack and carrier by the third party of low expense for the appointment of its member (resembling Joel) packing and conveying objects.Packing and transportation exit position and Joel are very near.Joel uses the present invention and determines then: because the packing that John and Sarah provide and the difference of transportation cost are best transaction to Sarah to him with commodity selling.In fact, Joel is so low and please oneself to the packing of Sarah and transport price, and he has recognized the packing of finishing this transaction concerning him and the efficient of transportation outlet, and because their used pack material of having of selecting that he does not need to transport.Also certainly, his part can arrive Sarah house safely for he.He is required do to be tomorrow transport the auto parts that he sells to Sarah in the packing and the transportation outlet that are positioned near him.
Although, under the situation that does not deviate from scope and spirit of the present invention, can make various improvement for the example purpose has described several embodiment in detail.Therefore, only limit the present invention by attached claim.
Claims (37)
1. one kind is used for the best packing configuration of definite commodity that will transport and the automatic mode of mode of freight transportation, and the method comprising the steps of:
Acquisition comprises the availability of commodity and the sequence information that commodity must arrive the time of delivery of named place of destination;
Be identified for one or more packing configurations of commodity;
Calculating is used for the wrappage and the cost of labor of one or more packing configurations;
Be identified for the commodity of one or more packing configurations and the size and the weight of wrappage;
At the available carrier's mode of freight transportation that transports that is used to pack configuration, the traffic load that is used for one or more packing configurations is selected to carry out deciding expense by the time of delivery;
Be provided for the cost that each traffic load is selected; And
Select best traffic load to select.
2. the method for claim 1 comprises the step of the physical characteristics of retrieving commodity, and described physical characteristics comprises the size and the weight of commodity.
3. the method for claim 1 comprises the type of the wrappage demand that is identified for one or more packing configurations and the step of amount.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein take step surely and comprise all suitable rules of considering each carrier.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein before finishing basic order transaction, select best traffic load.
6. the method for claim 1 comprises and determines whether commodity have the step of predetermined packing specification.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, from the database retrieval packing specification.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on packing specification.
9. the method for claim 1 comprises the step of any available units packing specification that is identified for commodity.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, from the database retrieval unit packing specification.
11. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on the available units packing specification that is used for commodity.
12. the method for claim 1 comprises based on the physical characteristics of commodity or the buyer's requirement and determines whether commodity require the step of additional package.
13. the method for claim 1, wherein one or more packing configurations are based on the physical characteristics and the commodity amount of commodity.
14. the method for claim 1 comprises estimation packing stock so that determine for one or more packing configurations whether the step of enough materials is arranged in the stock.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 comprises determining whether the step using the third party to pack and transport.
16. method as claimed in claim 15 wherein, when using the third party, comprises the step of the third-party wrappage stock of retrieval, freight charges and available selection, labour cost and available service expense.
17. one kind is used for the best packing configuration of definite commodity that will transport and the automatic mode of mode of freight transportation, the method comprising the steps of:
Acquisition comprises the availability of commodity and the sequence information that commodity must arrive the time of delivery of named place of destination;
The physical characteristics of retrieval commodity, described physical characteristics comprises the size and the weight of commodity;
Be identified for one or more packing configurations of commodity;
Be identified for the type and the amount of the wrappage demand of one or more packing configurations;
Calculating is used for the wrappage and the cost of labor of one or more packing configurations;
Be identified for the commodity of one or more packing configurations and the combination size and the weight of wrappage;
All that consider each carrier are rule suitably, at the available carrier's mode of freight transportation that transports that is used to pack configuration, by the time of delivery all traffic loads that are used for one or more packings configurations is selected to carry out deciding expense;
Before finishing basic order transaction, be provided for the cost that each traffic load is selected; And
Select best traffic load to select.
18. method as claimed in claim 17 comprises and determines whether commodity have the step of predetermined packing specification.
19. method as claimed in claim 18, wherein, from the database retrieval packing specification.
20. method as claimed in claim 18, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on packing specification.
21. method as claimed in claim 17 comprises the step of any available units packing specification that is identified for commodity.
22. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, from the database retrieval unit packing specification.
23. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on the available units packing specification that is used for commodity.
24. method as claimed in claim 17 comprises based on the physical characteristics of commodity or the buyer's requirement and determines whether commodity require the step of additional package.
25. method as claimed in claim 17, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on the physical characteristics and the commodity amount of commodity.
26. method as claimed in claim 17 comprises estimation packing stock so that determine whether one or more packing configurations are had the step of enough materials in the stock.
27. method as claimed in claim 26 comprises determining whether the step using the third party to pack and transport.
28. method as claimed in claim 27 wherein, when using the third party, comprises the step of the third-party wrappage stock of retrieval, freight charges and available selection, labour cost and available service expense.
29. one kind is used for the best packing configuration of definite commodity that will transport and the automatic mode of mode of freight transportation, the method comprising the steps of:
Acquisition comprises the availability of commodity and the sequence information that commodity must arrive the time of delivery of named place of destination;
The physical characteristics of retrieval commodity, described physical characteristics comprises the size and the weight of commodity;
Determine whether predetermined packing specification is applied to commodity;
Determine to be applied to any available units packing specification of commodity;
Based on physical characteristics, commodity amount and any used pack or the unit packaging specification of commodity, be identified for one or more packing configurations of commodity;
Be identified for the type and the amount of the wrappage demand of one or more packing configurations;
Calculating is used for the wrappage and the cost of labor of one or more packing configurations;
Be identified for the commodity of one or more packing configurations and the combination size and the weight of wrappage;
All that consider each carrier are rule suitably, at the available carrier's mode of freight transportation that transports that is used to pack configuration, by the time of delivery traffic load that is used for one or more packings configurations is selected to carry out deciding expense;
Before finishing basic order transaction, be provided for the cost that each traffic load is selected; And
Select best traffic load to select.
30. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, from the database retrieval packing specification.
31. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on packing specification.
32. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, from the database retrieval unit packing specification.
33. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, one or more packing configurations are based on the available units packing specification that is used for commodity.
34. method as claimed in claim 29 comprises based on the physical characteristics of commodity or the buyer's requirement and determines whether commodity require the step of additional package.
35. method as claimed in claim 29 comprises estimation packing stock so that determine whether one or more packing configurations are had the step of enough materials in the stock.
36. method as claimed in claim 29 comprises determining whether the step using the third party to pack and transport.
37. method as claimed in claim 36 wherein, when using the third party, comprises the step of the third-party wrappage stock of retrieval, freight charges and available selection, labour cost and available service expense.
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| AU (1) | AU2003234164A1 (en) |
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- 2003-04-18 JP JP2003586819A patent/JP2005523528A/en active Pending
- 2003-04-18 CN CN 03811429 patent/CN1656490A/en active Pending
- 2003-04-18 WO PCT/US2003/012346 patent/WO2003090149A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0422355D0 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
| WO2003090149A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| AU2003234164A1 (en) | 2003-11-03 |
| CA2481123A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| JP2005523528A (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| GB2402789A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
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