CN1655687A - Low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein product and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein product and process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1655687A
CN1655687A CNA038118351A CN03811835A CN1655687A CN 1655687 A CN1655687 A CN 1655687A CN A038118351 A CNA038118351 A CN A038118351A CN 03811835 A CN03811835 A CN 03811835A CN 1655687 A CN1655687 A CN 1655687A
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isoflavones
soybean
protein
content
dry matter
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纳瓦普利特·辛格
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Solae LLC
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Solae LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
    • A23J3/16—Vegetable proteins from soybean
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
    • A23L11/34—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances using chemical treatment, adsorption or absorption
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A23L33/11—Plant sterols or derivatives thereof, e.g. phytosterols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/185—Vegetable proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

A soy protein material having a very low isoflavones content and a high saponins content is produced by a process that involves removal, by adsorption, of isoflavones from a soy protein material obtained by removing fiber from soy flour or flakes. The soy protein material also has a high Nitrogen Solubility Index (''NSI''). The low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material has at least about 55.0 wt. % protein, less than about 200 g/g isoflavones of total dry matter and at least about 1000 g/g soyasapogenols of total dry matter. The process for producing the low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material involves removing fiber from a defatted soybean material and obtaining a liquor that is subsequently pasteurized. Next, sugars and other small molecular weight components are optionally removed from the liquor using membrane separation to increase the protein content of the final material. The resulting liquor or retentate is subjected to adsorptive removal of isoflavones, and is optionally pasteurized and spray dried.

Description

Low isoflavones, high saponin soybean protein product and production method thereof
The cross reference of related application
The application is according to U.S.C § 119 (e), the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/378 of title 35,618 and propose, the exercise question of this provisional application is " producing high-dissolvability; the method and the product thereof of the soybean protein material that isoflavones reduces ", this application was submitted on May 7th, 2002.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetable material and the production method thereof of a kind of low isoflavones, high saponin.
Background technology
Soy proteinaceous benefit is well proved.Cholesterol is the problem of consumer's major concern in the industrialization world.As everyone knows, plant product does not contain cholesterol.In decades, nutrient research shows that the soybean protein that comprises in the diet can reduce population at risk's serum cholesterol level really.Cholesterol is high more, and soybean protein is effective more in reducing this level.
Soybean has the high protein content in all cereals and the beans.Especially, soybean contains the protein of the 40.0wt% that has an appointment, and other beans contains the protein of 20.0～30.0wt%, and cereal contains the protein of the 8.0～15.0wt% that has an appointment.Soybean also contains the oil of the 20.0wt% that has an appointment, and remaining dry mainly is carbohydrate (35.0wt%).On the basis of weight in wet base (according to present situation), soybean contains the carbohydrate of the oil of the protein of the 35.0wt% that has an appointment, about 17.0wt%, about 31.0wt% and the ash content of about 4.4wt%.
In soybean, protein and liposome all are included in the edible part (being called cotyledon) of soybean.Complex carbohydrates (or food fiber) is also contained in the cell membrane of cotyledon.The skin of cell (being called kind of a skin) constitutes about 8.0wt% of soybean gross weight.With the kind difference, soybean that give birth to, peeling contains the moisture of insoluble carbohydrate, 14.0wt% of dissolubility carbohydrate, the 15.0wt% of the oil of about 18.0wt%, 15.0wt% and ash content and and the protein of 38.0wt%.
Work in-process is carefully selected color and the size of soybean.Then with soybean cleaning, regulate (removing peeling) and crushing with easier, peel and be rolled into thin slice.Thin slice is bathed except that deoiling through solvent.Remove and desolvate and drying slice, produce defatted soybean sheet as all soybean protein product bases.Although there are many products on the market, only there is three types defatted soy protein product: powder, concentrate and separator.
Bean powder is soy proteinaceous simple form, and its protein content is approximately 50.0wt%.The degreasing sheet is simply ground and just sieves and can produce soy meal.This simple processing allows soy meal have the feature of many soybean.The shortage of processing also makes soy meal that very big difference can be arranged aspect quality.
Soy meal and meal be widespread production and be generally used for toasting commodity, fast food most and pet food is used still, and wherein stronger local flavor situation does not throw into question.Systematism (textured) soy meal early is used for attempting substituting or strengthening the meat products quality.Systematism does not change the composition of soy meal and only slightly reduces the local flavor situation.Their main application is cheap meat products or pet food.
The soybean concentrate contains the protein of 65.0wt% at least on no moisture basis.Prepare soy protein concentrate by from the defatted soybean meal, removing the dissolubility carbohydrate materials.(isoelectric precipitation) got in aqueous alcohol extraction (60～80% ethanol) or acidleach is the most common measure that removes carbohydrate.Yet, get among both in aqueous alcohol extraction and acidleach, it is insoluble should making all basically protein.But acidleach get product carry out in and the time part recoverin matter dissolubility.Equally, in aqueous alcohol extracted, it is mutually pure that isoflavones and saponin will be entered, and abandoned subsequently.Therefore, use aqueous alcohol to extract isoflavones and saponin that the soy protein concentrate of producing only contains trace at the most.In processed food, meat, poultry, fish, cereal and milk products system, many application have been developed for soybean concentrate and systematism concentrate.
By standard chemical separation of produced separator, the isoelectric precipitation that also passes through subsequently by solubilization (alkali under pH7～10 extracts) separates, and extracts protein from the degreasing sheet.The result is that separator contains the protein of 90.0wt% at least on the basis of no moisture.They contain high sodium and mineral matter (ash content) sometimes, and this character can limit them and use.Their main application is to substitute milk products, as is used for infant formula and milk substitution goods.
Isoflavones appears in various legumes and the oilseed, comprises vegetable protein materials such as soybean.These compounds generally comprise daidzin, 6 "-O-acetyl group daidzin, 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin, daizeol, Genistin, 6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin, 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin, genistein, isoflavones (glycitin), 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones, Daidezin, biochanin A (biochnin A) and formononetin (formononetin).
Recently shown that the isoflavones that is included in phytoprotein such as the soybean can suppress the human cancer cell, as the growth of breast cancer cell, prostate gland cancer cell and colon cancer cell.In addition, shown that also isoflavones can reduce cardiovascular risk factor, for example the level by reducing lipoprotein that atherosclerotic induces and low density cholesterol and respond and reduce cardiovascular risk factor by increasing endothelium-dependent relaxation vasodilation.Isoflavones prevent osteoporosis and the treatment symptoms of menopause aspect also demonstrate great prospect.
Bitter taste intrinsic in isoflavone compounds and vegetable protein materials such as the soybean is relevant.In the commodity production of the protein material as protein isolate and protein concentrates, concentrate on to remove isoflavone compounds.For example, in the conventional method that the soybean protein separator is produced, adopt pH to extract the soybean sheet with solubilized protein matter greater than the water-bearing media of isoelectric points of proteins.The extract that will comprise protein separates so that protein extract to be provided with the insoluble fibre material.Most of isoflavones and protein are dissolved in the extract.Get precipitating proteins by acidleach, promptly regulate the isoelectric point of the pH of extract, typically be 4.2～4.6 for soybean protein to about protein with acid.The protein of precipitation separation from extract then.At the after separating of precipitating proteins (curdled milk) from extract, many isoflavones still are dissolved in the extract, yet common a part of isoflavones also exists in the precipitation curdled milk.At protein curd after separating from extract of precipitation, usually the isoflavones of extract and wherein dissolving is abandoned.Any remaining isoflavones that keeps in the isolated protein is removed by the thorough washing of protein, to guarantee not to be present in the taste relevant with isoflavones in the protein.The same with isoflavones, above-mentioned washing process also tends to remove saponin.
The ground that is a problem, isoelectric precipitation reduces the solubility of protein.Therefore, use the soy protein concentrate and the separator of the preparation of above-mentioned technology to have low solubility usually, as by shown in their the low nitrogen solubility index (Nitrogen Solubility Index " NSI "), typically less than about 70%.
Soybean comprises the saponin of about 0.5wt%.Early stage from 20th century, soyasaponins has been a research theme.These compounds are made up of the triterpenes skeleton that has various sugar and acetyl group part.Majority's suggestion is that soyasaponins alcohol A, B and E are real aglycones at present, and soyasaponins alcohol C and D are the artefacts of hydrolysis, and this hydrolysis occurs in their separation process.Corresponding glucosides is respectively so-called " A organizes saponin ", " B organizes saponin " and " E organizes saponin ".
Shown that the soyasaponins proof has anti-mutagenesis performance, this performance makes them become the medicament likely of cancer prevention.In addition, advised that B group soyasaponins shows outstanding inhibition effect to the replication in vitro of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The chemical constitution of soyasaponins is very similar to compound glycyrrhizic acid (glycyrrhizin), and the chemical constitution of known a kind of antiviral agent is so soyasaponins shows the hope as the structure part of synthetic antiviral agent compounds.
Although there is very a large amount of soybean to cultivate and processing, owing to separate and refining difficulty, soyasaponins is not the important commercial article at present.
Summary of the invention
The method that the invention provides low isoflavones, high saponin soybean protein product and produce low isoflavones, high saponin soybean protein product.This soybean protein product has high nitrogen solubility index (" NSI ") and than utilizing the low isoflavone content of soybean protein material usually.Equally, soybean protein material of the present invention has high saponin content.
A kind of low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material are provided, and this soybean protein material contains at least about 55.0wt% protein, less than the isoflavones of about 200 μ g/g with at least about the soyasaponins alcohol (saponin) of 1000 μ g/g.Perhaps the protein content of soybean protein material can be at least about 65.0wt% so that soy protein concentrate to be provided, maybe can be so that the soybean protein separator to be provided at least about 90.0wt%.
The method of producing low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material is provided, this method comprises the step that defatted soybean material is provided, and this defatted soybean material contains the moisture of the protein of 45.0wt% (N * 6.25), the carbohydrate of about 30.0～40.0wt%, about 5.0～10.0wt% at least, less than the fat of about 1.0wt% with have at least 70% nitrogen solubility index (NSI).Water is soybean material furnishing pulpous state under the solid level of about 5.0～15.0wt%, and the pH of slurry is adjusted to about 7.0～about 7.5.The slurry that pH is regulated to form mother liquor, carries out pasteurization with this mother liquor through centrifuging process subsequently.Selectively use film ultrafiltration or another kind of isolation technics from mother liquor, to remove desaccharification and other lower molecular weight components, to increase the protein content of soybean protein material.The retentate that will obtain from the film ultrafiltration technology is wherein removed isoflavones by absorption through absorbing process.The soybean protein material that the isoflavones that obtains is reduced carries out pasteurization, selectively carries out spray-drying then.
Perhaps, will stand absorbing process from the mother liquor that centrifuging process reclaims removing isoflavones, and without the ultrafiltration step that inserts.The soybean protein material that the isoflavones that obtains is reduced carries out pasteurization, selectively carries out spray-drying then.
The invention provides a kind of from routine by the farmer plantation and the soybean of using by soybean processing person, produce novelty, the cost-effective method of soybean protein material with characteristics that isoflavones reduces.Low isoflavones soybean protein material has high saponin content and comprises the protein of high dissolution, and its feature is by high nitrogen solubility exponential representation.
In its a kind of form, the invention provides a kind of soybean protein material, this soybean protein material comprises the protein content at least about 55.0wt% based on total dry matter, less than the isoflavone content of the total dry matter of about 200 μ g/g with at least about the soyasaponins alcohol content of the total dry matter of 1000 μ g/g.
In its another kind of form, the invention provides a kind of method of producing the soybean protein product, this method comprises the steps: that (a) provides the soybean material of basic degreasing; (b) this material is mixed with water and from material, extract protein; (c) remove insoluble matter to produce mother liquor; (d) heat treatment mother liquor; (e) with mother liquor through absorbing process, wherein remove isoflavones by absorption.
The specific embodiment
A kind of low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material are provided, this soybean protein material is based on total dry, contains the protein of 55.0wt% at least, less than 200 μ g/g isoflavones, at least about 1000 μ g/g soyasaponins alcohol (saponin) with less than the crude fibre of about 3.0wt%.Product also has and is at least 70% and preferred about 75% or above nitrogen solubility index (" NSI ").
The method of making low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein material is provided, and this method comprises the steps: to provide the soybean material of basic degreasing; From this material, extract protein; From this material, remove fiber; Selectively the quantity by ultrafiltration reduction carbohydrate and mineral matter keeps isoflavones and saponin simultaneously; The suspension of removing retentate or fiber is stood absorbing process to remove isoflavones; Suspension with the minimizing of pasteurization isoflavones.
Generally speaking, method of the present invention comprises: 1) with whole defilming soybean; 2) soybean of peeling is in blocks; 3) adopt solvent such as hexane from the soybean sheet, to extract soybean oil; 4) do not carrying out under height heating or the baking defatted soybean sheet desolventizing to produce " in vain " thin slice; 5) remove fiber from the soybean sheet; 6) selectively ultrafiltration mother liquor (slurry that fiber is removed) keeps isoflavones and saponin simultaneously to remove carbohydrate and mineral matter; 7) suspension is contacted with adsorbent, remove isoflavones by absorption; 8) suspension of pasteurization isoflavones minimizing; With 9) selectively dry through suspension pasteurization, that isoflavones reduces.
Step 1 described above～4 are commonly referred to the extraction process of soybean.The universal process of above-mentioned steps 1～4 is known, as is described in the U.S. patent No.5 of Konwinski, 097,017, and this patent transfers assignee of the present invention, and its disclosure clearly is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Above-mentioned first is peeling.Decortication process is that soybean skin is removed from whole soybean.Soybean was carefully cleaned to remove foreign substance before shelling, make product do not polluted by chromoplast.Before shelling, also soybean is broken into about 6～8 fragments usually.
Soybean skin typically accounts for about 8.0wt% of whole soybean weight.It mainly is carbohydrate, fiber and mineral matter that the soybean of peeling contains the water of the 10.0wt% that has an appointment, the protein of 40.0wt%, fat and the remainder of 20.0wt%.
The second above-mentioned step is into blade technolgy.By adjusting moisture and temperature soybean being adjusted to before in flakes makes the soybean sheet that enough plasticity be arranged.With the soybean sheet that regulates by roller in blocks to form about 0.01～0.012 inch thin slice that (in.) is thick.
Above-mentioned third step is to remove soybean oil from thin slice.By the soybean sheet is contacted to remove soybean oil the degreasing of soybean sheet with solvent such as hexane.Soybean oil has many application such as margarine, shortening and other food product, and it still is that good lecithin source can be used as emulsifying agent and many useful applications are arranged.
In the 4th above-mentioned step, under not toasting, the soybean sheet precipitation thinner of hexane degreasing is desolvated to produce white thin slice to remove.Can grind white thin slice with the preparation soy meal.Can be commercial easily as the soy meal of parent material of the present invention.Commercially available soy meal typically contains the protein of 50.0wt% (52.5wt%) (N * 6.25) at least; The carbohydrate of about 30.0～40.0wt% (34.6wt%); The moisture of about 5.0～10.0wt% (6.0wt%); The ash content of about 5.0～10.0wt% (6.0wt%), about 2.0～3.0wt% (2.5wt%) crude fibre and less than the fat (as using the ether extraction and determination) of about 1.0wt% (0.9wt%).
Soy meal can have 90% the dispersed index (protein dispersibility index " PDI ") of protein.PDI is measured by (AOCS) the method Ba 10-65 of U.S. oiling scholar association.Soy meal with 90%PDI is not have heat treated and soy meal that have enzymatic activity.Soy meal can be 80 orders, and this means can be by 80 purpose Unite States Standards sieve greater than the soy meal of 95wt%.According to one embodiment of the invention, the parent material that can be soy meal or soybean sheet is basis as the described independent explained hereafter in above step 1～4.Then, produce soybean protein material according to step discussed below.Soy meal or the soybean sheet of the dispersed index (" PDI ") of protein greater than 90% can be buied from a plurality of companies.
Next step comprises from material extraction protein and removes fiber.This is by with the parent material aqueous slurryization, and with slurry through separating or clarification process such as centrifugal, therefore from material, to extract water soluble protein.The water preheat that is used for the slurry formed material can be able to be about 5.0wt%～about 15.0wt% to the about 27 ℃～about 70 ℃ temperature and the solids content of slurry.Stir or mix and typically be used for the slurry parent material.A kind of measure that mixes is a propeller type agitator.
A kind of measure of removing fiber is to adopt alkali, the pH that regulates slurry as NaOH to about 6.8～about 10.0 then separating slurry to form filter cake and mother liquor.Separation can be adopted multiple physical separation method; Yet centrifugal is the most efficient and effective measures.Whirlpool type (scroll-type) centrifuge can be used for separating, and maybe can adopt dish-type (disc-type) or tube centrifuge to separate.Although what use among the embodiment herein is NaOH, can also adopt other alkaline reagent such as potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
Then, can heat treatment have removed the material of fiber, as by at about 80 ℃ or higher, the material of fiber has been removed in pasteurization under preferred about 93 ℃ or the higher temperature.For example, can be by jet cooking or by carrying out pasteurization in the still that remains on the carrying vapour chuck.Perhaps, can before removing step, fiber carry out this heat treatment step.After heat treatment, the pH that can optionally adopt suitable acid to regulate material arrives about 6.5～about 7.5 with the pH that reduces material.Typically, when carrying out initial water when extracting, in about scope of 6.8～about 10.0 cited above, turn down the pH value during the close higher end of pH value.Have been found that the pH that regulates material after heat treatment can provide such soybean protein material to about 6.5～about 7.5, this soybean protein material has about 6.5～approximately g.0 pH when reconstituting 10.0wt% suspension in water.
Then can be with material through the absorbing process of the following stated to remove isoflavones from material.Perhaps, before absorbing process, can be with material at first through the ultrafiltration technology of the following stated, to remove lower molecular weight components, with the protein in the enriched material.
Especially, can optionally use the film of 5,000～60,000 molecular weight cutoff value (" MWCO "), preferred 5,000～30, the film ultrafiltration of 000MWCO has been removed the material (mother liquor) of fiber with condensing protein.By ooze out carbohydrate and the mineral matter in the penetrant with milipore filter, keep isoflavones and saponin in the retentate simultaneously, thereby in retentate the protein content of concentrated mother liquor.Isoflavones and saponin are lower molecular weight components, and typically molecular weight is less than 1500.Yet surprisingly, have been found that most of isoflavones and saponin are retained in the retentate by milipore filter.Herein, believe that isoflavones and saponin are to form complex with protein, thereby make isoflavones and saponin be retained in the retentate, and do not ooze out with carbohydrate and mineral matter.
Typically, at about 25 ℃～about 60 ℃, carry out ultrafiltration under the preferred about 25 ℃～about 50 ℃ temperature.Consider that at a lower temperature isoflavones and saponin are less soluble in water and degree that cooperate with protein is bigger, on the contrary, they are then more soluble in water and degree that cooperate with protein is less under higher temperature.Therefore, when ultrafiltration during the carrying out of above-mentioned about 25 ℃～about 60 ℃ temperature range than low side, the isoflavones and the saponin that in retentate, keep larger amt, and when ultrafiltration when the higher-end of above-mentioned about 25 ℃～about 60 ℃ temperature range is carried out, in retentate, keep the isoflavones and the saponin of lesser amt.
Suitable film with different molecular weight cutoff value can easily be buied from several seller, as Koch Membrane Systems of Wilmington, MA; Osmonics of Minnetonka, MN; PTI Advanced Filtration of Oxnard, CA; With Synder Filtration of Vacaville, CA.
Equally, can be many more according to the penetrant of the protein content of the penetrant quantity of removing control retentate-remove by ultrafiltration, protein content is high more; The penetrant of removing is few more, and protein content is low more.For example, for reaching the retentate protein content of 90.0wt% at least, carry out diafiltration in the methods of the invention.The technology that diafiltration is represented to add entry in retentate and continued to remove the film-exudate in penetrant.Can be in the methods of the invention carry out diafiltration under any one: be interrupted or continue diafiltration two kinds of patterns.The discontinuous film diafiltration is such operation, wherein removes from retentate by the minimizing of volume and is exuded to solute in the penetrant, repeats subsequently to dilute and the step of ultrafiltration more again.The continuous film diafiltration is to add entry under identical speed in head tank, and this speed is the speed that water oozes out by film.
In next step, centrifugal mother liquor or film retentate are contacted with sorbent material, remove isoflavones by absorption.Suitable adsorbent comprises ion or nonionic synthetic adsorbent resin.Be used for herein that the illustrative adsorbent of embodiment is SP825, SP850 and SP207, they are to be Dianion available from trade mark And Sepabeads The synthetic adsorbent resin of Mitsubishi Chemical America of of New York White Plains.Be used for herein that the another kind of adsorbent of embodiment is a Dowex Optipore SD-2 adsorbent, it is available from The Dow Chemical Company of Midland, the polymer absorbant of MI.These and similarly the synthetic adsorbent resin can be used for physical absorption and keep isoflavones, therefore from the centrifuge mother liquor of pasteurization or film retentate, remove isoflavones.According to an embodiment, before using the synthetic adsorbent resin, adopt NaOH to carry out pre-wash it, adopt the salt acid treatment subsequently.
In the method for the invention, from material, remove isoflavones by absorbing process, and do not remove saponin.Although at present not clear wherein reason accurately thinks and compares with isoflavones that the degree that saponin may cooperate with the protein in the material is bigger, thereby makes saponin not be adsorbed.
In some following embodiment, the synthetic adsorbent resin is sneaked in the retentate, make it pass through screen filtration then and separate.In other following embodiment, use the conventional adsorption column that comprises the suitable adsorbent material, wherein reproducing adsorbent when needs.In business practice, use to comprise the conventional adsorption column of suitable adsorbent material, and regenerate when needed/clean.
Then can be once more the pasteurization isoflavones reduces under about 80 ℃ or higher temperature mother liquor or retentate.Can be by jet cooking or by carrying out pasteurization in the still that remains on the carrying vapour chuck.
In the end in the step, this step is selectable, the soybean protein material that dry isoflavones reduces.Can adopt the vertical spray dryer that contains high pressure nozzle to carry out drying.
Can adopt commercial lecithin or other food grade surfactant, coat the soybean protein material that dry isoflavones reduces, to improve water dispersible and the caking that reduces material as list-diglyceride.The addition of for example such coating material is about 0.5wt%～about 2.0wt%.
The soybean protein material that isoflavones reduces has many purposes.For example, it can and be used for beverage mix and beverage as the milk substitute, as chocolate, vanilla and pineapple beverage; If dairy produce is yogurt; Nutrition and health-oriented products are as protein rod; Holomyarian meat (whole muscle meat) parenteral solution; Sea (surimi) product; Emulsified meat; Cereal product is as breakfast cereal; Bakery product is as blueberry muffin and other liquid or dried beverage, food or nutrition product.
In following embodiment, measure nitrogen solubility index (" NSI ") according to U.S. oiling scholar method (American Oil Chemists ' method) Ba 11-65.NSI characterizes the quantity of water in products soluble proteins, and for example, NSI is that 75% protein represents that wherein the albumen of 75wt% is water miscible.
The method of measuring solubility exponent is described in Standard for Grades of Dry Milksincluding Methods of Analysis (the drying milk classification standard that comprises analytical method), bulletin 916, U.S. dairy produce association, Chicago, IL60606.
Equally, in following embodiment, characterize isoflavones: Thiagarajan by the process that is described in following document, D.G., Bennink, M.R., Bourquin, L.D., and Kavas, F.A., Prevention ofprecancerous colonic lesions in rats by soy, flakes, soy flour, genistein, andcalcium (by soybean sheet, soy meal, genistein and calcium to the rat cancer before the prevention of colon infringement), Am.J.Clin.Nutr.1998; 68 (suppl.); 1394S-9S.
The quantity of Bowman-Birk inhibitor in the product (" BBI ") is characterized by the existence of chymase inhibitors (" CI "), and it is the indirect determination to BBI.Be used for the method that CI analyzes and be based on (AOCS) the official method Ba 12-75 of U.S. oiling scholar association that is used for the soybean prod tryptic activity, difference is the enzyme and the substrate that use.Be used for substrate that CI analyzes and be N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine right-the nitro anilid (N-Glutaryl-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide, GPNA), with production number 49378 available from Sigma-Aldrich.The enzyme that uses be from ox pancreas Chymetin (EC (EC) number: 3.4.21.1), with production number C4129 available from Sigma-Aldrich.The AOCS method is based on people such as Kakade (Cereal Chemistry, 51,376 (1974)).The substrate N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine of the excessive existence of chymotrypsin hydrolysis is right-the nitro anilid.With spectrophotometer measurement to the nitro anilid, a kind of release of weld.In the presence of the soybean protein product, the right-release of nitro anilid and the level of active chymase inhibitors are inversely proportional to.
Use high performance liquid chromatography (" HPLC ") to analyze saponin.A kind of analytical method based on HPLC is developed, and effectively estimates the saponin precursor that exists in the soybean.Method is based on uses ethanol extraction to separate total saponin from the soybean of fine gtinding or soybean prod, carry out subsequently acid hydrolysis with fracture conjugation sugar chain to form its training base (soyasaponins alcohol).With the soyasaponins alcohol that obtains by the solid phase extractions technical point from concentrate.Use reversed-phase column and isocratic elution (isocratic elusions) to resolve and use vaporation-type light scattering detector (Evaporative Light Scattering Detector, " ELSD ") to detect soyasaponins alcohol.The calibration curve that use is drawn by the reliabilization compound carries out the quantification of soyasaponins alcohol.Total soyasaponins content approximately is twice people (2001) Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr.52:53-59 such as () Duhan of total soyasaponins alcohol content.
Use the viscosity of viscosimeter measurement products.The high purity water that 220 grams are approximately 22.2 ℃ (72 ± 2) joins the laboratory blendor of 1 liter of a Wei Lin Shi 7 speed, and (Torrington is in 1.2L glass jar CT06790) for model: 7012G, Waring Products.15 antifoams of Xiang Shuizhong adding (KFO1204A, Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH44092).Start blendor down in speed 1 (low speed).Low speed is set in 3500+300rpm operation blendor down.30 gram proteins are joined with stable logistics in the eddy current of water so that the solution of 12.0wt% to be provided.After adding all protein product, mix 15 seconds (blendor stops), adopt scraper to strike off the material of the side of blendor and blade with the not blend that suspends again.Start 1 minute mixing suspension of blendor down in speed 1 (low speed) once more.The suspension liquid of protein that mixes is poured in the 150ml beaker to about 1/2 inch away from top be.Use Brookfield viscometer (model: RVDVEA 115, Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Middleboro, MA02346) the suitable rotating shaft mensuration viscosity of use.Speed is set to the motor that 100rpm starts viscosimeter, at 15 seconds record readings.Get two readings in this way, the mean value of these two readings is used for calculating viscosity with centipoise (cp) from transition diagram.If viscosity is in the scope of 50～200cp, use rotating shaft numbers 2, if viscosity, is used rotating shaft numbers 3 in the scope of 200～600cp.
Can easier understanding these and other aspect of the present invention with reference to following one or more embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃.The white sheet of soybean of 45.4kg (100 pounds) is joined in the blending tank.4.5% the NaOH solution that adds 1400ml is increased to about 7.0 with the pH of gained slurry.This batch material was mixed 10 minutes down at 55～58 ℃, transfer to then in the centrifuge head tank, this head tank comprises the water of the 303.0L (80 gallons) that is heated to 60 ℃.The pH of mixed slurry is 7.01.Slurry was mixed 20 minutes down at 55～58 ℃, under the speed of two gallons of per minutes (gpm), join in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool thereafter.By at 127 ℃ of following jet cookings, the centrifugal mother liquor that obtains is carried out pasteurization.Mother liquor after the pasteurization is transferred in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Mother liquor joined have 10, in the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During membrane process, keep the temperature of mother liquor at 26.5～26.8 ℃.The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.At the retentate of 77 ℃ of following pasteurizations from the film system.
The retentate of the about 1.0L pasteurization of freeze drying.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 1.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form mg/g based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) 78.13 crude fibres (wt%) 1.12 crude fat (wt%) 0.02 ash contents (wt%) 6.28 isoflavones 5.86 daidzins 1.38 isoflavones 0.29 Genistin 1.91 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 0.83 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 0.16 6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 0.09 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 1.16 daizeols 0.02 genistein 0.02
Forming of the product that table 1. is obtained by the method for embodiment 1
Embodiment 2
(available from the MitsubishiChemical America of New York White Plains, SP825) order adopts water, 4% sodium hydroxide solution, water, 4% hydrochloric acid solution and water to clean with 250.0ml synthetic adsorbent resin.To mix in beaker with the resin of cleaning from the 750.0ml retentate of embodiment 1.Stirred the mixture 30 minutes.After stirring, use Unite States Standard No.400 screen filtration mixture.Resin is kept by screen cloth, collects filtrate.Freeze drying through the filtrate of resin treatment to obtain soybean protein material.Analyze dry product to determine its content.Analysis result sees Table 2.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ g/g based on total dry matter
Protein; (wt%) 80.02 crude fibres; (wt%) 1.03 crude fat; (wt%) 0.04 ash content; (wt%) 7.10 isoflavones, 90.0 daidzins, 10.0 isoflavones, 0 Genistin 50.0 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 10.0 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 06 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 06 "-O-malonyl Genistin 20.0 daizeols 0 genistein 0 nitrogen solubility index; (NSI) % 95.3
Forming of the product that table 2. is obtained by the method for embodiment 2
Embodiment 3
Will about 227.1L (60 gallons) water join in the blending tank and be heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, about 45.4kg (100 pounds) soybean sheet is joined in the blending tank to form slurry.The 4.5%NaOH solution that in blending tank, adds about 1400ml.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to the centrifuge head tank then.Water that will about 302.8L (80 gallons) joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank, mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.43.To join in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool under the speed of slurry with 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes).Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of about 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, and transfer in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, in the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During membrane process, keep the temperature of suspension at 26.7 ℃ (80 °F).The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.The about 1.0L of freeze drying is from the retentate of film system.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 3.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ g/g based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) 82.69 crude fibres (wt%) 0.40 crude fat (wt%) 0.04 ash contents (wt%) 6.48 fructose (wt%) 0.37 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0 sucrose (wt%) 3.88 gossyposes (wt%) 0.58 stachyoses (wt%) 3.25 isoflavones 3535.8 daidzins 559.3 isoflavones 88.0 Genistins 691.1 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 747.2 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 98.3 6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 51.7 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 1134.2 daizeols 80.8 genisteins 85.2 soyasaponins alcohol 3935.8 soyasaponins alcohol A 999.1 soyasaponins alcohol B 2936.7 nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % 51.0
Forming of the product that table 3. is obtained by the method for embodiment 3
Embodiment 4
(available from the MitsubishiChemical America of New York White Plains, SP825) order adopts water, 4% sodium hydroxide solution, water, 4% hydrochloric acid solution and water to clean with 250.0ml synthetic adsorbent resin.To mix in beaker with the resin of pretreated cleaning from the 750-ml retentate of embodiment 3, stirred 30 minutes.Use Unite States Standard No.400 screen filtration mixture.Resin is kept by screen cloth, collects filtrate.Freeze drying through the filtrate of resin treatment to obtain soybean protein material.Analyze dry product to determine its content.Analysis result sees Table 4.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ/g is based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) ????85.71
Crude fibre (wt%) ????0.50
Crude fat (wt%) ????0.03
Ash content (wt%) ????6.80
Fructose (wt%) ????0.32
Glucose/galactolipin (wt%) ????0
Sucrose (wt%) ????2.83
Gossypose (wt%) ????0.39
Stachyose (wt%) ????2.22
Isoflavones ??187.9
Daidzin ??18.1
Isoflavones ??0.9
Genistin ??35.8
6 "-O-malonyl daidzin ??16.0
6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones ??0
6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin ??7.0
6 "-O-malonyl Genistin ??69.4
Daizeol ??11.2
Genistein ??29.5
Soyasaponins alcohol ??3483.7
Soyasaponins alcohol A ??767.4
Soyasaponins alcohol B ??2716.3
Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % ????61.2
Forming of the product that table 4. is obtained by the method for embodiment 4
Embodiment 5
Adopt water, 4% sodium hydroxide solution, water, 4% hydrochloric acid solution and water to clean 250.0ml synthetic adsorbent resin (available from the Dow ChemicalCompany of Michigan Mildland, Dowex Optipore SD-2 adsorbent) order.To in beaker, mix with the resin of pretreated cleaning from the 750-ml retentate of embodiment 3 and stir 30 minutes.Use Unite States Standard No.400 screen filtration mixture.Resin is kept by screen cloth, collects filtrate.Freeze drying through the filtrate of resin treatment to obtain soybean protein material.Analyze dry product to determine its content.Analysis result sees Table 5.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ g/g based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) 85.78 crude fibres (wt%) 0.20 crude fat (wt%) 0.04 ash contents (wt%) 7.18 fructose (wt%) 0.36 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0 sucrose (wt%) 2.96 gossyposes (wt%) 0.43 stachyoses (wt%) 2.59 Isoflavone 150 (9CI) .2 daidzins 12.7 isoflavones 0.8 Genistin 39.2 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 14.9 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 06 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 5.1 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 44.0 daizeols 10.0 genisteins 23.5 soyasaponins alcohol 3663.6 soyasaponins alcohol A 867.9 soyasaponins alcohol B 2795.4 nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % 60.9
Forming of the product that table 5. is obtained by the method for embodiment 5
Embodiment 6
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, about 45.4kg (100 pounds) soybean sheet is joined in the blending tank to form slurry.The 4.5%NaOH solution that in blending tank, adds about 1400ml.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to then in the centrifuge head tank.Water that will about 302.8L (80 gallons) joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank, mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.43.To join in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool under the speed of slurry with 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes).Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).Transfer in the film head tank with the rapid cooling of suspension of jet cooking and by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, in the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During membrane process, keep the temperature of suspension at 26.7 ℃ (80 °F).The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.The about 1.0L of freeze drying is from the retentate of film system.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 6.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form the total dry matter of μ g/g
Protein (wt%) 82.60 crude fibres (wt%) 0.61 crude fat (wt%) 0.05 ash contents (wt%) 4.61 fructose (wt%) 0.44 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0 sucrose (wt%) 3.27 gossyposes (wt%) 0.52 stachyoses (wt%) 3.14 isoflavones 3342.8 daidzins 430.7 isoflavones 81.8 Genistins 541.2 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 778.5 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 104.0 6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 49.7 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 1162.2 daizeols 90.4 genisteins 104.3 soyasaponins alcohol 3296.6 soyasaponins alcohol A 798.9 soyasaponins alcohol B 2497.7 nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % 73.5
Forming of the product that table 6. is obtained by the method for embodiment 6
Embodiment 7
(available from the MitsubishiChemical America of New York White Plains, SP850) order adopts water, 4% sodium hydroxide solution, water, 4% hydrochloric acid solution and water to clean with 250.0ml synthetic adsorbent resin.To in beaker, mix with the resin of pretreated cleaning from the 750-ml retentate of embodiment 6 and stir 30 minutes.Use Unite States Standard No.400 screen filtration mixture.Resin is kept by screen cloth, collects filtrate.Freeze drying through the filtrate of resin treatment to obtain soybean protein material.Analyze dry product to determine its content.Analysis result sees Table 7.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ g/g based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) 84.11 crude fibres (wt%) 0.61 crude fat (wt%) 0.05 ash contents (wt%) 6.07 fructose (wt%) 0.40 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0.55 sucrose (wt%) 4.41 gossyposes (wt%) 0.45 stachyoses (wt%) 2.76 isoflavones 78.5 daidzins 3.1 isoflavones 17.1 Genistins 06 "-O-malonyl daidzin 6.1 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 06 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 2.4 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 25.1 daizeols 3.8 genisteins 20.9 soyasaponins alcohol 3450.7 soyasaponins alcohol A 791.6 soyasaponins alcohol B 2659.1 nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % 37.0
Forming of the product that table 7. is obtained by embodiment 7 separating methods
Embodiment 8
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, soybean sheet that will about 45.4kg (100 pounds) joins in the blending tank to form slurry.4.5% of the about 1400ml of adding NaOH solution in blending tank.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to the centrifuge head tank then.To preheat 60 ℃ of (140) about 302.8L (80 gallons) water and join in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.52.To join in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool under the speed of slurry with 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes).Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, transfer in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, in the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During membrane process, keep the temperature of suspension at 26.7 ℃ (80 °F).The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.
To under the speed of retentate with 946ml per minute (0.25 gallon of per minute) of film systematic collection, join chromatographic system.This chromatographic system is made up of 5 pillars that are connected in series, and each pillar comprises 5.0L synthetic adsorbent resin, available from the Mitsubishi Chemical America of New York White Plains, SP825.This chromatographic system contains the 25.0L resin like this, is collected in by the film retentate after all pillars.The logistics of chromatography in about 82.2 ℃ (180) pasteurization down, is joined with high-pressure pump in vertical spray dryer and carries out spray-drying in the spray nozzle.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 8.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form the total dry matter of μ g/g
Protein (wt%) 84.65 crude fibres (wt%) 0.60 crude fat (wt%) 0.06 ash contents (wt%) 4.99 fructose (wt%) 0.24 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0.04 sucrose (wt%) 3.18 gossyposes (wt%) 0.59 stachyoses (wt%) 2.54 isoflavones 25.5 daidzins 2.1 isoflavones 0 Genistin 8.5 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 06 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 06 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 3.2 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 9.6 daizeols 0 genistein 2.1 soyasaponins alcohol 2664.1 soyasaponins alcohol A 532.8 soyasaponins alcohol B 2131.3 nitrogen solubility index (NSl) % 87.8
Forming of the product that table 8. is obtained by the method for embodiment 8
Embodiment 9
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, soybean sheet that will about 45.4kg (100 pounds) joins in the blending tank to form slurry.4.5% of the about 1400ml of adding NaOH solution in blending tank.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to the centrifuge head tank then.To preheat 60 ℃ of (140) about 302.8L (80 gallons) water joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank and mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.50.Slurry is joined in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool under the speed of 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes).Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, transfer in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, the ultrafiltration membrane system oneself of 000MWCO screw winding film.The temperature that during membrane process, keeps suspension down at 26.7 ℃ (80).The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.
To join the chromatographic system from the retentate of film systematic collection speed with 946ml per minute (0.25 gallon of per minute).This chromatographic system is made up of 5 pillars that are connected in series, and each pillar comprises 5.0L synthetic adsorbent resin, available from the Mitsubishi Chemical America of New York White Plains, SP825.This chromatographic system contains the 25.0L resin like this, is collected in by the film retentate after all pillars.The logistics of chromatography in about 82.2 ℃ (180) pasteurization down, is joined with high-pressure pump in vertical spray dryer and carries out spray-drying in the spray nozzle.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 9.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form the total dry matter of μ g/g
Protein (wt%) 85.32 crude fibres (wt%) 0.83 crude fat (wt%) 0.05 ash contents (wt%) 5.63 fructose (wt%) 0 glucose/galactolipin (wt%) 0.36 sucrose (wt%) 2.75 gossyposes (wt%) 0.59 stachyoses (wt%) 2.43 isoflavones 62.5 daidzins 2.1 isoflavones 0 Genistin 19.8 6 "-O-malonyl daidzin 2.1 6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones 06 "-O-acetyl group Genistin 5.2 6 "-O-malonyl Genistin 23.9 daizeols 2.1 genisteins 7.3 soyasaponins alcohol 1967.9 soyasaponins alcohol A 270.7 soyasaponins alcohol B 1697.2 nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % 95.0
Forming of the product that table 9. is obtained by the method for embodiment 9
Embodiment 10
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins the blending tank neutralization and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, about 45.4kg (100 pounds) soybean sheet is joined in the blending tank to form slurry.The 4.5%NaOH solution that in blending tank, adds about 1400ml.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to then in the centrifuge head tank.The water that will preheat 60 ℃ of (140) about 302.8L (80 gallons) joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank, mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.69.Slurry is joined in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool under the speed of 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes).Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, transfer in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During film processing, keep the temperature of suspension at 26.7 ℃ (80 °F).The about 75% initial charge volume that joins the film head tank is removed as penetrant.
To join the chromatographic system from the retentate of film systematic collection speed with 946ml per minute (0.26 gallon of per minute).This chromatographic system is made up of 5 pillars that are connected in series, and each pillar comprises 5.0L synthetic adsorbent resin, available from the Mitsubishi Chemical America of New York White Plains, SP825.This chromatographic system contains the 25.0L resin like this, is collected in by the film retentate after all pillars.With the logistics of chromatography in about 82.2 ℃ (180) pasteurization and in vertical spray dryer, join and carry out spray-drying in the spray nozzle down with high-pressure pump.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 10.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form The total dry matter of μ g/g
Protein (wt%) ??84.92
Crude fibre (wt%) ??0.74
Crude fat (wt%) ??0.14
Ash content (wt%) ??2.92
Fructose (wt%) ??0.25
Glucose/galactolipin (wt%) ??0
Sucrose (wt%) ??3.23
Gossypose (wt%) ??0.62
Stachyose (wt%) ??2.70
Isoflavones 182.9
Daidzin ????7.4
Isoflavones ????0
Genistin ????50.4
6 "-O-malonyl daidzin ????16.8
6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones ????0
6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin ????7.4
6 "-O-malonyl Genistin ????89.3
Daizeol ????2.1
Genistein ????9.5
Soyasaponins alcohol 2196.3
Soyasaponins alcohol A ????420.3
Soyasaponins alcohol B ????1776.0
Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % ??95.1
Forming of the product that table 10. is obtained by the method for embodiment 10
Embodiment 11
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, soybean sheet that will about 45.4kg (100 pounds) joins in the blending tank to form slurry.In blending tank, add about 1400ml, 4.5% NaOH solution.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to the centrifuge head tank then.The water that will preheat 60 ℃ of (140) about 302.8L (80 gallons) joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank, mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.48.The speed of slurry with 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes) is joined in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool.Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, and further be cooled to 51.7 ℃ (125 °F).
Will about 113.6L (30 gallons) suspension of cooling transfer to the membrane chromatography system by 100 order filters.To join the chromatographic system from the retentate of film systematic collection speed with 946ml per minute (0.25 gallon of per minute).This chromatographic system is made up of 5 pillars that are connected in series, and each pillar comprises 5.0L synthetic adsorbent resin, available from the Mitsubishi Chemical America of New York White Plains, SP825.This chromatographic system contains the 25.0L resin like this, is collected in by the film retentate after all pillars.The logistics of chromatography in about 82.2 ℃ (180) pasteurization down, is joined with high-pressure pump in vertical spray dryer and carries out spray-drying in the spray nozzle.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 11.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form The total dry matter of μ g/g
Protein (wt%) ????67.00
Crude fibre (wt%) ????3.16
Crude fat (wt%) ????0.16
Ash content (wt%) ????8.29
Fructose (wt%) ????0.95
Glucose/galactolipin (wt%) ????0
Sucrose (wt%) ????9.49
Gossypose (wt%) ????1.45
Stachyose (wt%) ????7.52
Isoflavones 9.5
Daidzin ????2.1
Isoflavones ????3.2
Genistin ????2.1
6 "-O-malonyl daidzin ????0
6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones ????0
6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin ????0
6 "-O-malonyl Genistin ????2.1
Daizeol ????0
Genistein ????0
Soyasaponins alcohol 1305.8
Soyasaponins alcohol A ????136.9
Soyasaponins alcohol B ????1168.9
Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % ????91.5
Solubility exponent (precipitum ml) ????2.0
Viscosity (cP) ????32.7
Chymase inhibitors (CI) (mg/g) ????152.8
Forming of the product that table 11. is obtained by the method for embodiment 11
Embodiment 12
Water that will about 227.1L (60 gallons) joins in the blending tank and is heated to 60 ℃ (140 °F).Then, soybean sheet that will about 45.4kg (100 pounds) joins in the blending tank to form slurry.In blending tank, add about 1400ml, 4.5% NaOH solution.Slurry was mixed 10 minutes, transfer to then in the centrifuge head tank.The water that will preheat 60 ℃ of (140) about 302.8L (80 gallons) joins in the slurry in the centrifuge head tank, mixed slurry 20 minutes.The pH of slurry is 7.03.The speed of slurry with 7.6L per minute (2 gallons of per minutes) is joined in the type centrifuge of Sharples whirlpool.Jet cooking supernatant (suspension) under the temperature of 126.7 ℃ (260).The suspension of jet cooking is cooled off rapidly, transfer in the film head tank by 100 order filters.Suspension joined contain two 10, in the ultrafiltration membrane system of 000MWCO screw winding film.During membrane process, keep the temperature of suspension at 48.9 ℃ (120 °F).After the penetrant of removing about 189.3L (50 gallons), the water of 189.3L (50 gallons) is joined in the film head tank.Repeat the step of removing penetrant and Jia Shui (diafiltration) twice again, make the water cumulative volume that joins the film head tank reach 567.8L (150 gallons).All water that join the film head tank are removed as penetrant with the about 80% initial charge volume that joins in the film head tank, make the penetrant volume of removing reach 870.6L (230 gallons).
To under the speed of 946ml per minute (0.26 gallon of per minute), join chromatographic system from the retentate of film systematic collection.Chromatographic system is made up of 5 pillars that are connected in series, and reaches each pillar and comprises 5.0L synthetic adsorbent resin, available from Mitsubishi Chemical America of White Plains, the SP825 in New York.This chromatographic system contains the 25.0L resin like this, is collected in by the film retentate after all pillars.The logistics of chromatography in about 82.2 ℃ (180) pasteurization down, is joined with high-pressure pump in vertical spray dryer and carries out spray-drying in the spray nozzle.Analyze dry product to measure its content.Analysis result sees Table 12.Unless otherwise indicated, all results are on no moisture basis.
Form μ g/g is based on total dry matter
Protein (wt%) ????93.84
Crude fibre (wt%) ????0.53
Crude fat (wt%) ????0.04
Ash content (wt%) ????5.19
Fructose (wt%) ????0
Glucose/galactolipin (wt%) ????0
Sucrose (wt%) ????0.49
Gossypose (wt%) ????0.11
Stachyose (wt%) ????0.48
Isoflavones 18.7
Daidzin ????0
Isoflavones ????0
Genistin ????4.5
6 "-O-malonyl daidzin ????0
6 "-O-malonyl isoflavones ????0
6 "-O-acetyl group Genistin ????0
6 "-O-malonyl Genistin ????5.9
Daizeol ????0.8
Genistein ????7.5
Soyasaponins alcohol 3137.5
Soyasaponins alcohol A ????537.0
Soyasaponins alcohol B ????2600.5
Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) % ????92.4
Solubility exponent (precipitum ml) ????3.0
Viscosity (cp) ????174.5
Chymase inhibitors (CI) (mg/g) ????262.1
Forming of the product that table 12. is obtained by the method for embodiment 12
Although the present invention is described to have preferred design, the present invention can further improve in the spirit and scope of this disclosure.Therefore the application wishes to cover any variation of the present invention, purposes or adaptation with its general principle.In addition, the application wishes to cover those and belongs to known in the art or common practice in the claims limited range and depart from content of the present disclosure.

Claims (12)

1, a kind of soybean protein material is characterized by:
Protein content be total dry matter at least about 55.0wt%;
Isoflavone content is less than the total dry matter of about 200 μ g/g; With
Soyasaponins alcohol content is at least about the total dry matter of 1000 μ g/g.
2, the soybean protein material of claim 1 is characterized by nitrogen solubility index (" NSI ") and is at least about 70%.
3, claim 1 or 2 soybean protein material is characterized by described isoflavone levels for less than the total dry matter of about 150 μ g/g.
4, any one soybean protein material of claim 1～3, it is characterized by described protein content and be total dry matter at least about 65.0wt%.
5, any one soybean protein material of claim 1～3, it is characterized by described protein content and be total dry matter at least about 90.0wt%.
6, the soybean protein material of aforementioned any claim is characterized by following at least a:
Crude fiber content is less than about 3.0wt% of total dry matter;
Chymase inhibitors (" CI ") content is at least about 100mg/g;
Solubility exponent is less than about 10.0ml sediment; With
When reconstituting the solution of the about 12.0wt% of this soybean protein material under about 22 ℃ in water, its viscosity is less than about 500 centipoises (cp).
7, a kind of method of producing the soybean protein product is characterized by following steps:
(a) provide the soybean material of abundant degreasing;
(b) this material is mixed with water, from material, extract protein;
(c) remove insoluble matter to produce mother liquor;
(d) heat treatment mother liquor; With
(e) with mother liquor through absorbing process, wherein remove isoflavones by absorption.
8, the method for claim 7 is characterized by, and at described adsorption step (e) afterwards, increases the dry mother liquor of step (f) so that the soybean protein material of solid form to be provided.
9, the method for claim 7 is characterized by, and at described heat treatment step (d) afterwards, increases mother liquor through the step of ultrafiltration with the acquisition seepage remaining liquid.
10, the method for claim 9, being characterized as of wherein said ultrafiltration step is following at least a:
Under about 25 ℃～about 60 ℃, carry out this ultrafiltration step; With
Use the molecular weight cutoff value to carry out this ultrafiltration step for about milipore filter of 5,000～about 60,000.
11, any one method of claim 7～10, being characterized as of wherein said blend step (b) is following at least a:
The pH that regulates slurry is to about 6.8～about 10.0; With
Under the level of the solid that contains about 5.0wt%～about 15.0wt%, material is mixed with water.
12, the method for claim 8, being characterized as of wherein said soybean protein material:
Protein content be total dry matter at least about 55.0wt%;
Isoflavone content is less than the total dry matter of about 200 μ g/g; With
Soyasaponins alcohol content is at least about the total dry matter of 1000 μ g/g.
CNA038118351A 2002-05-07 2003-05-07 Low isoflavones, high saponins soy protein product and process for producing the same Pending CN1655687A (en)

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