CN1650506A - 具有双向晶闸管阀的ac－dc转换器 - Google Patents

具有双向晶闸管阀的ac－dc转换器 Download PDF

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CN1650506A
CN1650506A CNA038095882A CN03809588A CN1650506A CN 1650506 A CN1650506 A CN 1650506A CN A038095882 A CNA038095882 A CN A038095882A CN 03809588 A CN03809588 A CN 03809588A CN 1650506 A CN1650506 A CN 1650506A
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thyristor
valve
transducer
directional
converter
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约翰·J·威萨亚西尔
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/505—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/515—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/521—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

一AC－DC转换器具有双向晶闸管阀(VR1－VF6)作为转换阀，该双向晶闸管阀(VR1－VF6)由背靠背连接的晶闸管构成的。双向晶闸管阀(VR1－VF6)允许该转换器操作为电压的两个极性通过转换器的DC端(DCH，DCL)的整流器或变极器。双向阀(VR1－VF6)可以用来防止通过转换器的DC端(DCH，DCL)的DC电压的极性反向，或者最小化反向电压的大小。双向晶闸管阀(VR1－VF6)可以用来对通过转换器阀的过压提供保护，并且消除或者减少转换阀式避雷器的能源星级。AC－DC转换器也可以装备一些作为转换阀的双向晶闸管阀，同时在其它转换阀位置保留常规晶闸管阀。

Description

具有双向晶闸管阀的AC-DC转换器
背景技术
诸如DC传输的大功率应用的传统AC-DC转换器利用晶闸管阀转换AC-DC。通过选择启动角的合适数值，他们可以操作为整流器或变极器。由于流过这些阀的电流方向只在一个方向，所以通过调整启动角建立的通过DC端的电压极性确定了能量流动的方向。这不仅对于用于DC传输的三相桥接电路，还对于使用晶闸管阀的任何类型AC-DC转换器都是正确的。
图1(a)所示的是传统的6脉冲三相桥接电路，它由图1(b)象征性地表示。原则上，图1(b)可以表示任何使用晶闸管阀的AC-DC转换器，例如，典型地用于DC传输的12脉冲转换器或者用于低压DC电源的单相转换器。
图2是两端DC传输系统的示意图。在这样的电路中，通过调节两端的转换器的启动角，能量方向可以很容易地通过改变DC总线电压的极性而改变。然而，在多端DC系统中，改变能量方向的问题变得更复杂了。以图3所示的三端系统作为例子。转换器A和B工作为整流器，转换器C工作为变极器。如果一人想改变这三个转换其中一个或两个的能量方向而不改变剩下的转换器的能量方向，只改变DC总线的极性是不可能做到这样的。图3所示的电路中，如果只改变转换器A的能量方向，可以由图4所示的极性反向开关做到。如果所有的转换器有适应性来改变能量方向而不必改变其它相连的转换器的能量方向，用于极性方向转换的相似的装置必须提供给所有转换器。这样的极性反向装置需要另外的开关和增加的对于转换器变压器，总线机件和/或者阀结构的绝缘需求。必要的转换操作在执行能量反向中引进了延迟。
在两极DC传输系统中，增大系统实用性的一个方法是规定当传输线或电缆的一极有储运损耗时，并联两极上的转换器以操作在单极模式。这样的情况也需要用于转换器的极性反向转换装置。
本发明的目的是提供对于上述问题有改进的一AC-DC转换器。为达到这个目的，本发明的AC-DC转换器如权利要求所述进行配置。
本发明消除了对极性反向开关和对于转换器器件高绝缘这样情形下的需求。它也提供了将在后面说明的利益。
附图说明
图1到图4表示现有技术。图1(a)是三相桥接转换器的转换阀电路。图1(b)是用在图2，3和图4中的图19a)的转换器电路的象征性代表。图2表现一两端DC传输系统的一个电极，它显示如何不改变通过此转换阀的电流方向，而是通过改变DC电压的的极性来反向能量方向。图3和图4显示三端DC传输系统的一个电极，从而显示了三端系统中的能流方向的变化是如何受使用极性反向开关的作用的。图5显示了使用双向晶闸管阀的三相桥接转换器的电路。
具体实施方式
本发明中，AC-DC转换器使用双向晶闸管阀作为转换阀，该双向晶闸管阀由背靠背连接的晶闸管构成。
晶闸管可以由很多方式背靠背连接而成双向晶闸管阀。在阀只需要一个晶闸管电平的低压应用中，双向晶闸管阀具有两个晶闸管，一个晶闸管的阳极端和另一晶闸管的阴极端相连。其本身可以由两种方式达到：两个晶闸管可以由例如硅的半导体材料的单晶片上获得，或者是一半导体单晶片处理成两个晶闸管。在具有多个晶闸管电平的双向晶闸管中，背靠背连接可以由串联背靠背连接的晶闸管对，背靠背连接两组串连的晶闸管，或者串联背靠背连接的晶闸管模块而获得。在双向晶闸管阀的经济的设计中，双向阀的晶闸管可以共享很多与晶闸管阀相关的辅助部件，包含但不是限制于这样的部件例如缓冲电路，阀电抗管，门启动系统和阀关闭系统的部件。不考虑设计细节，重要的事情是双向晶闸管阀与一个阀的阳极端和另一阀的阴极端相连的两个晶闸管阀的作用相同。
图5显示了应用于三相桥接电路的本发明的电路。图示的每一个双向晶闸管阀是背靠背连接两个晶闸管阀，具有不同的指定字母-“F”代表正向“R”代表反向-表示通过两个阀的电流方向相反。对于AC到DC或者DC到AC的转换，只有在一个方向上导通的阀用作转换阀，而能在相反方向上导通的阀保持阻碍。AC-DC的转换器的DC电压极性依赖于转换器是用作整流器还是变极器和双向晶闸管阀导通的方向。图5中，当标记有字母F的阀-VF1，VF2，VF3，VF4，VF5和VF6使用为AC-DC转换器时，如果转换器操作为整流器，DC端DCH的电压相对与DC端DCL为正，而对于转换器操作为变极器，DC端DCH的电压相对与DC端DCL为负。如果标记为具有R字母的阀使用作AC-DC转换器，对于整流器操作，DCH端的电压对于DCL端为负，对于操作为变极器，DCH端的电压对于DCL端为正。因此，通过本发明，有可能操作一AC-DC转换器为任一DC端电压的两极性都没有极性反转转换装置的帮助的整流器或变极器。
具有双向晶闸管阀的转换器有其它优点。
在一应用中，在一个方向上导通的晶闸管可以用作AC-DC转换，同时可以在相反方向上导通的晶闸管可用作消除或者限制与转换器DC电压极性相反的电压。例如，在DC电缆应用中，电缆上电压极性的反转对DC电缆强加了剧烈的压力。连接至一DC电缆的一AC-DC转换器可以使用一背靠背连接的阀作为转换阀，同时启动其它阀而形成旁路对以消除或显著减少在一定瞬态干扰中通过其DC端的反向极性电压的大小。这可以一个新的机会：使用相对便宜的具有晶闸管阀的转换器-电流源转换器-的固体电介质DC电缆而不是更昂贵和有损耗的电压源转换器。
AC-DC转换器的晶闸管阀一般由两种不同的方法提供过压保护。对于正向的过压，通过阀的保护启动来保护阀。这样的保护启动可以由BOD的或者与BOD等效的电子器件被动地实现，或者在探测到电压过压条件时通过启动阀主动地实现。阀式避雷器在两个方向上提供过压保护，但是主要是需要于对反方向的过压保护。具有双向晶闸管阀的转换器中，两个方向的过压保护可以由保护启动独自提供。一对背靠背连接的阀的保护启动可以用来对其自身的正向过压和经过其它阀的反向过压提供保护。也有可能以这种方式除去阀式避雷器。为提高过压保护的可靠性，如果设计者保留了阀式避雷器，保护启动也可以用来最小化阀式避雷器的能源星级。
本发明也包括AC-DC转换器有双向晶闸管阀和一些传统晶闸管阀的情况。这样的配置在某些应用中很有用。在DC端有大电容的AC-DC转换器，例如在DC传输中的有一长DC电缆的12脉冲转换器，连接高压端的阀的过压保护可以需要相对较高能源星级的避雷器。这种情况下，要消除或者减少穿过连接到高压端的阀的阀式避雷器的能源星级，转换器可为连接高压端的阀提供有双向阀，同时经济上的考虑也许在其它阀的位置规定选择传统的晶闸管阀。本发明适用于任何类型的具有单相或多相AC且具有或不具有转换器变压器的AC-DC转换器电路。

Claims (4)

1.一个具有作为转换阀的双向晶闸管阀的AC-DC转换器，该双向晶闸管阀由背靠背连接的晶闸管构成，该转换器可以通过选择背靠背连接的晶闸管中的一个或另一个用于AC-DC转换，来操作通过它的DC端的两个不同的极性，其中，背靠背连接的晶闸管的保护启动用来保护双向晶闸管阀的两极性的过压。
2.一个具有作为转换阀的双向晶闸管阀的AC-DC转换器，该双向晶闸管阀由背靠背连接的晶闸管构成，该转换器可以通过选择背靠背连接的晶闸管中的一个或另一个用于AC-DC转换，来操作通过它的DC端的两个不同的极性，其中，双向晶闸管阀的在一个方向导通的晶闸管用来AC-DC转换，而在相反方向上导通的晶闸管用来消除或者最小化通过转换器DC端的反向电压大小。
3.一个具有由作为转换阀的背靠背连接的晶闸管构成的双向晶闸管阀和作为转换阀的至少一个传统晶闸管阀的的AC-DC转换器，其中背靠背连接的晶闸管保护启动用来保护通过双向晶闸管阀的两极性的过压。
4.一个具有由作为转换阀的背靠背连接的晶闸管构成的双向晶闸管阀和作为转换阀的至少一个传统晶闸管阀的的AC-DC转换器，其中，双向晶闸管阀的在一个方向导通的晶闸管用来AC-DC转换，而在相反方向上导通的晶闸管用来消除或者最小化通过转换器DC端的反向电压大小。
CNA038095882A 2002-05-17 2003-05-14 具有双向晶闸管阀的ac－dc转换器 Pending CN1650506A (zh)

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BRPI0310101A2 (pt) 2016-11-16

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