CN1639706A - Context-aware and real-time item tracking system architecture and scenarios - Google Patents
Context-aware and real-time item tracking system architecture and scenarios Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for real-time and context-aware tracking of items. Tags bound to items are read and information read from the tags and location information about the tags is provided by at least two entreprises and used to maintain disposition information about the items, which is made visible to enterprises in the supply chain. The disposition information can be mapped to a world model that tracks the items and circumstances affecting the items, for example, geospatial events and traffic delays. Visibility of the disposition information can be controlled through authorization. Visible information can include relationships between particular items and business documents such as order and shipping documents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to follow the trail of physical items.
Background technology
The conventional system that is used for following the trail of physical items comprises calculation element and software usually.This kind system preserves the information of this situation of indication, the position present as tracked object.Can imagine that this is a virtual world.
In legacy system, often have gap between the situation that the actual state of a project and system point out.Gap is normally because the restriction of input of wrong artificial data and system causes.The result that this class problem is produced is that for the fact, legacy system can reflect distortion and cracked image.In addition, most legacy system only can be observed limited scope and resolution, and for example, system only can differentiate the kind of product and quantity and can't differentiate other project.
Summary of the invention
This instructions describing method and equipment comprise the computer program that is used for environmental orientation and real-time tracing project.
" project (item) " speech is one real with representing in this manual, the object of entity, and avoiding the using simulation of " object (object) " speech all right one way or the other, this speech only is used for censuring a kind of data processing structure hereinafter.
In one aspect, the assembly that is characterized as the system that can be used for the project of following the trail of, method and settles for the various aspect of carrying out this method in general of the present invention.A system in accordance with the present invention, it is to comprise a marker assemblies, and this marker assemblies comprises the information that can point out one or more projects are added the standard of mark, and each mark comprises the unique identifier in a whole world; One contains the object interface assembly of the device of linking up with mark, also comprises the device that is used for reception environment information; One environmental orientation intelligence comprises the logic that is used for processing environment information and points out the logic that system operation is carried out with response environment information; And one the communication middleware be used for linking up and linking up with the device of system outside at the inter-module of system.
On the other hand, the assembly that is characterized as the system that can be used for environmental orientation and real-time tracing project, method and settles for the various aspect of carrying out this method in general of the present invention.A kind of method according to this aspect, be to carry out the operation that receives a plurality of mark reading of data (tag-read-data) examples (multiple instances), each example comprises the information that reads in the mark that is attached on certain project, the information that is read comprises the numeric identifier of a uniqueness that reads automatically from mark, each example also comprises status information when reading the identifier of this uniqueness, it position that comprises a corresponding mark with and the project of adhering to, these a plurality of mark reading of data integral body comprise from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of a plurality of projects; Receive an example or a plurality of example environment information, each case description one is relevant can not mark entity situation (physical circumstances), this environmental information points out that one comprises the state of the position of this situation, and these a plurality of example environment information integrally comprise the information that can describe a plurality of situations; Use this mark reading of data that receives and environmental information to safeguard phantom item and the virtual situation in the virtual world, this phantom item comprises each a object that can be used for a plurality of projects, and this virtual situation comprises each a object that can be used for a plurality of situations, and each object is represented the state of its pairing project or environment; And detect and to betide the virtual situation of representing situation in the virtual world and to represent influencing each other between the phantom item of project.
On the other hand, in general of the present inventionly be characterized as the assembly that system, the method that information can be obtained and the various aspect that can carry out the inventive method are settled between enterprise.A kind of method according to this aspect, be to carry out the operation that receives a plurality of mark reading of data examples from one first enterprise, each example comprises from being attached in the mark on certain project and reads information automatically, the information that is read comprises the numeric identifier of at least a uniqueness, each example also comprises status information when reading the identifier of this uniqueness, it position that comprises a corresponding mark with and the project of adhering to, these a plurality of mark reading of data examples of being received of this first enterprise integrally comprise from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of more than first example project certainly; This mark reading of data comprises the data of first data handling system that stems from first enterprise; The mark reading of data that use is received from this first enterprise is safeguarded the virtual representations thing (representatives) in the virtual world, this virtual representations thing comprises each the representative of representing these a plurality of example projects, each virtual representations thing is represented its respective items purpose state: receive a plurality of second mark reading of data examples from one second enterprise, each example comprises from being attached on the project and containing the information that reads automatically in the mark of a unique number identifier at least, each example also comprises status information, its position that comprises corresponding mark with and the project of adhering to, integrally comprise the information that in the mark that is attached to one of them more than first example project, reads from a plurality of mark reading of data that second enterprise receives, the mark reading of data that receives from second enterprise comprises the data of a kind of second data handling system that stems from second enterprise: the mark reading of data that use receives from second enterprise is safeguarded the virtual representations thing in the virtual world, this virtual representations thing comprises a representative of representing each more than second example project, each virtual representations thing is represented its respective items purpose state, wherein the mark reading of data of representative one specific project that receives from arbitrary enterprise is to be used to upgrade the virtual representations thing that corresponds to this project, and produces spendable information by virtual representations thing that upgrades and virtual world and give first and second enterprise.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is to be used for the assembly installed in a system that is attached to lastest imformation on the write mark of a project, method and for the various aspect of carrying out the inventive method.A kind of method according to this aspect, it can carry out following operation: receive the operation of first characteristic (attribute) information that is used for one first project in system, wherein this first characteristic information is taken from the data that read automatically in one first mark attached to first project, and this first characteristic information comprises one first identifier to discern first project; Receive second characteristic information for one second project in system, wherein this second characteristic information is taken from the data that read automatically in one second mark attached to second project, and this second characteristic information comprises one second identifier to discern second project; In system, receive and be taken from the data that read automatically from a sensor that is positioned at second project; The relation information that receives in system is pointed out the relation between first project and second project; In system, safeguard one first and one second phantom item of representing first and second project respectively, this object is safeguarded the information of representing first characteristic information, second characteristic information and sensor information respectively, and in system, safeguard the virtual situation represent first and second relationships between items, information Recognition one caution situation in entity and virtual situation, this caution situation is relevant with first project; Produce the characteristic information of renewal to write first project in response to the caution situation; After recognizing the caution situation, in system, detect first and be marked on the existence that a mark writes the place; And write updated information to mark detecting when mark is present in the mark place of writing mark to be write to be in this place.
Favourable enforcement can have more than one following characteristic.The information of related item and situation can be corresponded to time dimension, three dimensions and unique sign (identity) of virtual global standardsization in virtual world, wherein can follow the trail of project and situation mutually by space and time.This method also produces the caution of a virtual world and in a single day determines detected influencing each other to influence any one most project for a user, and wherein this user is a nature person or a computer program.This method is also safeguarded the expression of the current location of each project and each situation in the virtual world, mark reading of data and environmental information that this each expression reflection receives recently.This method is also by latitude, longitude, highly represent position and situation.This method is the historical record of Maintenance Significant Items position and status location also.This method also derives the prediction of the following position of at least one project based on the historical record self-virtualizing world of item location.This method similarly derives the prediction of following position based on the historical record of status location.This method is also safeguarded the expression of the current state of each project in the virtual world and situation, mark reading of data and environmental information that this each expression reflection receives recently.This method is the historical record of Maintenance Significant Items state and condition status also.This method derives the prediction of at least one project to-be based on the historical record self-virtualizing world of project status.This method similarly derives the prediction of to-be based on the historical record of condition status.This method also combines with each mark reading of data time tag with the entity of environmental information, each time tag is synchronously to a kind of single standard.Situation that can not mark comprises a kind of situation relevant with weather; And the position of situation that should be relevant with weather is at least by a latitude, longitude, highly describe.This can not mark situation comprise a traffic hazard, and the position of this traffic hazard is at least by a latitude, longitude, highly describe.This method also receives the entity of one or more layered systems (hierarchy) information, and each case description is shown in the project a kind of layered system each other in the virtual world; And utilize the layered system information that receives to safeguard the virtual situation of one of each expression layered system in the virtual world.In some specific project was contained in other project, at least one layered system was the relation between project.This method also receives the sensor information from the sensor that is positioned at one first project; And upgrade first phantom item for first project with this sensor information.This method is also from the example of external system reception environment information.The example of this method reception environment information, wherein this example comprises the telemetry of taking from the sensor that is positioned at an ad-hoc location.This method also receives the situation that is positioned at this specified point or zone by telemetry that sensor produced that is positioned at a specified point or zone and expression; And virtual world detect a project on this point or zone or within can be influenced by the represented situation of telemetry the time, produce a caution and give the user, when being shown in virtual world, wherein the user is a nature person or computer program.This method also receives by the temperature data that temperature sensor produced that is arranged in a specified point or zone and represents this point of virtual situation of virtual world or the Current Temperatures in zone; And virtual world detect that a project can be positioned on this point or the zone or within Current Temperatures produce a caution when influencing and give the user, when this project and Current Temperatures were shown in the virtual world, wherein the user was a nature person or computer program.This method also is attached to a phantom item with temperature exception; And when the temperature exception is satisfied, cause one and operate generation.This operation comprises that producing a caution gives the user, and wherein this user is a nature person or computer program.This method also is attached to a rule in one phantom item, can operate this rule to trigger the caution incident or to cause operation according to information current in the virtual world.This method also is attached to a rule in the one virtual situation, can operate this rule to trigger the caution incident or to cause operation according to information current in the virtual world.This method also receives, handles and responds about the inquiry of a project in current or in the past state, and is current or when being shown in the virtual world in the past when this project.This method also receives, handles and respond inquiry about a project status, and this project had special relationship in current or past with a special item, and is current or when being shown in the virtual world in the past when this project.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is a method and apparatus, comprises computer program, so that the information of the project in most enterprises access one supply chain to be provided.The information that the mark that is attached to project is read and reads from mark and the positional information of mark provide and are used for the configuration information of Maintenance Significant Items by at least two enterprises, and provide it to the enterprise in the supply chain.This mark can be the radio frequency identification marking and respectively has an ePC (electronic product code, electric product coding) as unique identifier.The visibility of configuration information (visibility) can be controlled by authorizing.Visible information can comprise between specific project and business documentation the relation as order and shipping file.By visible shipping file, the information that reads from project mark can be used for confirming the identity and the integrality of loading and transporting.System according to the present invention comprises the method that receives a plurality of mark reading of data examples from one first enterprise, each example comprises the information that reads from a label that is attached to a project, this information that reads comprises a unique tag identifier that reads from mark automatically, the position that each example also comprises a corresponding mark with and adhere to project when mark identifier when mark is read, should integrally comprise from a plurality of mark reading of data examples that first enterprise receives from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of most projects; The mark reading of data that use receives from first enterprise is with for the project maintenance configuration information; Receive the method for a plurality of example second mark reading of data from one second enterprise, each example comprises the information that reads from a mark that is attached to a project, this information that reads comprises a unique tag identifier that reads from mark automatically, the position that each example also comprises a corresponding mark with and adhere to project when mark identifier when mark is read, should integrally comprise from a plurality of mark reading of data examples that second enterprise receives from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of a plurality of projects; The mark reading of data that use receives from second enterprise is with to the project maintenance configuration information, wherein for a specific project and the mark reading of data that receives from arbitrary enterprise is used to upgrade configuration information; And configuration information is seen by a plurality of enterprises that comprise first enterprise and second enterprise in the supply chain.
The enforcement that system of the present invention is favourable can comprise extra characteristic.System of the present invention can comprise the method that is used for receiving from one the 3rd enterprise more than the 3rd mark reading of data example, each example comprises the information that reads from a mark that is attached to a project, this information that reads comprises a unique tag identifier that reads from mark automatically, the position that each example also comprises a corresponding mark with and adhere to project when mark identifier when mark is read, should integrally comprise from a plurality of mark reading of data examples that the 3rd enterprise receives from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of most projects; The mark reading of data that use receives from the 3rd enterprise is with to the project maintenance configuration information, wherein for a specific project and the mark reading of data that receives from arbitrary enterprise is used to upgrade configuration information.Can implement system of the present invention and comprise radio frequency identification (radio frequency identification, RFID) mark, each RFID mark carry an electric product coding (ePC) as unique mark identifier so that be attached to the mark of a plurality of projects.Can implement system of the present invention and make that visibility is in check visibility; And system of the present invention also comprises the method that receives authorization message, and it points out the degree that configuration information can be seen by a specific enterprise in the supply chain; And the method that only under the situation of authorization message permission configuration information, allows specific enterprise see.Can implement system of the present invention so that configuration information comprises a plurality of project characteristics, and about the project characteristic of one of them at least, authorization message is pointed out the project characteristic that enterprise can see.Can implement system of the present invention so that a plurality of enterprise comprises a source enterprise and a purpose enterprise, this source enterprise has an order file of being left by purpose enterprise and a shipping file of being fulfiled the goods of order by purpose enterprise leave about entity shipment preparation about an order; The visibility that visibility comprises the mark reading of data and comprises the relation between the business documentation of order file and shipping file; And provide enterprise's real-time item configuration visibility also to comprise the method that comprises following shipment information that receives: relevant mark identifier corresponding to the project of goods in the shipment; About shipping file is numbered the information that combines with each mark identifier with a shipment; And will load and transport the information that combines with an O/No. of numbering about the order file; The method that the mark reading of data is combined with this shipment information; And make purpose enterprise can obtain the method for this combination so that this purpose enterprise can utilize a mark identifier to confirm shipment for the project in the shipment.
In general, characteristic of the present invention comprises computer program for following the trail of the method and apparatus of getting in touch between the distributed system node of project one.System of the present invention comprises a node layered system in one first enterprise, and this node layered system comprises one or more upper stratas (parent) node and one or more zone (local) node, and each Area Node is the subordinate of a upper layer node; And one the node layered system in one second enterprise, this node layered system comprises one or more upper layer node and one or more Area Node, each Area Node is the subordinate of a upper layer node.In system, each node is safeguarded a reflection (mapping) between the node of a plurality of projects and response.This reflection is pointed out each project, is the responsive node of appointment at least one node of this project, and at least two projects different specified response nodes is arranged.Can operate a plurality of entities that each node fetches data with the receiving item eye reading, each example comprises from being attached to the information that reads in the mark of a project, this information that reads comprises a unique number identifier that reads automatically from mark, each example also comprises correspondence markings and adheres to the position of project, when mark identifier when mark reads, these a plurality of mark reading of data all are to comprise from being attached to the information that reads in a plurality of marks of a plurality of projects; And each example is for the reading of data of mark.Can operate each node the responsive node of mark reading of data and appointment is got in touch, this responsive node is specified by the reflection of node maintenance.
The enforcement that system of the present invention is favourable can comprise extra feature.Can implement system of the present invention makes the reflection that builds on a first node different with the reflection that builds on a Section Point.Can implement system of the present invention thereby the mark reading of data for this project after the responsive node of a node and appointment is got in touch, this node receives the extraneous information of relevant this project and extraneous information that reaction receives from the node of appointment and upgrades positional information about project.Can have a hierarchical relational to each other about a plurality of projects that receive the mark reading of data.This mark identifier can be specified the product rank of a fabricator or project.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is the method and apparatus that can get in touch the project configuration information in a dispersant system, comprises computer program.System of the present invention comprises a surveillance, and one or more users comprise a system of following the trail of tagging items, and one or more incident router.Can operate this surveillance to detect one or more tagging items, produce an incident, this incident comprises a mark identifier, and one reads identifier, and time sign, and the issue incident is to one or more incident routers.Can operate and be used to follow the trail of the system of tagging items to subscribe to incident about one or more tagging items, and receive this incident from one or more incident routers, and when accepting incident, use the incident that receives so that one or more tagging items are upgraded configuration information.Can operate each incident router to safeguard a user list, receive incident from surveillance, and the incident of sending be to the user.
In general, characteristic of the present invention comprises computer program for being used for method of transferring data and equipment between sensor or actuator devices and higher-order application program.Can operate according to a computer program of the present invention so that data processing equipment receives set of rule, this rule points out which kind of data will be configured to an external application; Receive the project data that comprises project-ID from one or more indicia readers, each project-ID reads in the figure notation that is attached to a physical items, and this project-ID is discerned this project uniquely; Receive additional project data from other sensor device, this other induction installation is the device beyond the indicia reader, these addition item data comprise the other additional physical items characteristic of a project-ID, these addition item data are relevant with one or more projects by indicia reader identification: use this rule, project-ID, and the addition item data will be disposed at external application with the subclass that determines which project-ID and addition item data; And being disposed at these external application data only is made up of the subclass of project-ID that receives and addition item data.Can further operate this computer program and receive data from external application, these data comprise the setting data that is used to control an actuating apparatus; Changing this setting data is a kind of form that is compatible with actuator devices; And this switched setting data of configuration is to the file actuator devices.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is the method and apparatus that is used to get in touch tracked information.The inventive method comprises a plurality of identification codes of reception, and each information code is discerned the phantom item of a combination uniquely; A plurality of identification code arrangements are one or more identification code set; In the identification code set, identify the redundancy encoding part general with each identification code; Set up the subclass that a file comprises one or more identification codes; And be a layered architecture thereby for the subclass of each identification code with file organization, the part of this redundancy can be listed by an example and each identification code can be listed the redundancy section that omits.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is the method and apparatus that is used to filter tracked information.This method comprises the identification code that a plurality of and a plurality of phantom items of acquisition combine, and this phantom item comprises the container of project and project, and each identification code is that this combined with virtual project discerned uniquely in a string character; In each identification code, place a character and point out that this is a project or a container in conjunction with object; And determine each identification code corresponding to a project or container based on the character of placing.
In general, characteristic of the present invention is the method and apparatus that is used to get in touch about the project tracked information.This method comprises sets up tracked information with assembled item, and it is the respective value of one or more characteristics and selection that this tracked information is represented each project; By using each tangible characteristic codified tracked information in the obvious encoding scheme encoded track information corresponding with it; Send tracked information to a recipient that this coding is crossed; Determine this recipient of which kind of characteristic can be authorized to access: and the set of this recipient's one encoding scheme is provided, this set only comprises the encoding scheme that is authorized to the characteristic of access about the user.
Can implement the present invention to understand one or more following advantages.A kind ofly can recognize that according to system of the present invention virtual the and project that do not limit to a number or amount is as other things in the real world and the relation between project and other things.Can implement system of the present invention by a large-scale yardstick.The structure of system of the present invention is easy to cooperate with it and can disposes application program miscellaneous simultaneously.This structural support is followed the trail of many all kinds of things as a project or influence a situation of a project.Similarly, this structure allows various characteristics to combine with a tracking project or situation.Can divide layer-stepping and other pass lies in and follows the trail of between the things and be used for things in the relation of following the trail of.This structure opening is given the Data Source of any kind of, comprises the sensor and the scanner of all kinds, and for example weather, traffic, movement plan such as aviation and railway plan, time date of arrival or the like of the system that condition information is provided.System of the present invention provides a kind of general and clever combination to can be used to provide the project of environmental orientation and real-time tracing between a real world and a virtual world.
System of the present invention itself integrates environmental orientation intelligence.This intelligence make system of the present invention can know the incident of which kind of geographical space can influence which in following the trail of project and respond these incidents and take operation.System of the present invention can utilize general geographical space ability that dynamic environmental orientation intelligence is provided.Based on available data and telemetry, where, how system of the present invention can understand and which kind of project was taken action with the rule that has relation and further foundation definition each other in the specific time.
Utilize non-exclusive open interface existing software and hardware system can be integrated into system of the present invention.Utilize these interfaces, system of the present invention can be compatible with existing system and need not utilize plug-in program to upgrade existing system.For example, system of the present invention can provide non-exclusive open interface to integrate various marks, indicia reader, scanner, sensor and application program virtually.Can implement system of the present invention with comprise can be generally from the project mark reading of data and write the application program of data in to it.System of the present invention can comprise general real-time telemetry data tracing.System of the present invention can integrate existing Geographic Information System (Geographical Information systems GIS) and data.
System of the present invention supports a kind of gamut to spread all over the exploitation of the novel of each industry or enhancement mode application program.This type of application program comprises but is not limited to and supply chain management, assets tracking and management, safety and access control, transportation, expense levying, point of sale and those relevant programs of luggage management.
System of the present invention all can utilize from the global layering in an area to.Meaning can be implemented system of the present invention to support a commercial unit, an independent company or an a group company, in one or more industries.But system of the present invention real-time tracing project and situation.But system of the present invention can provide the current of project or group and state and far-end in the past to carry out, for example, and by wireless telecommunications or by a network such as the Internet.
By all originating, following a large amount of various projects can add mark and can discern in the whole world the automatic operation sensor of use in many examples by individual other.Solution can be followed the trail of so that clever enterprise level project to be provided across industry and intercompany operation by system of the present invention.That system of the present invention provides is open, can with and adjustable business method and can use and spread all in a plurality of industries and application program.This business method allows the client to define generally and introduce software systems on virtual representations thing to a network of project, add and send the rule of operation based on the dynamic environment data, and inquire the many relevant information of system of the present invention, or obtain the current and environment in the past of tracing object from system of the present invention.The data of following the trail of authorize definition to share between the partner based on field level (field-level).
By non-exclusive interface, i.e. browser or self-description file such as XML (extendability indicating language) file, system of the present invention is available for users to and the external application access.If any separate marking project and telemetry data thereof are arranged, system of the present invention can be followed the trail of in large quantities by time and space.System of the present invention provides open non-exclusive interface to sensor, device and the service of following the trail of and provide its position, and/or comes from its telemetry data, and project or its environment are to system of the present invention.System of the present invention also provide open non-exclusive interface to sensor, install and write data maybe can receive these data to the service of physical items its mark.The virtual representations that system of the present invention provides user's interface, application programming interfaces and definition other tagging items with and the instrument of layered system, comprise specific characteristic and method; Can cause the rule of operation based on the dynamic environment data of system's cognition with definition; Can influence the virtual representations of the effect of project with the constraint of definition entity or other; To define on the characteristic level of data object that accurate data access filtrator is set in representative project and other real world things; Inquiry and estimate this system in a large number relevant for or have its source in following the trail of the current of project and environmental characteristics in the past; And between the partner on the network, share the data relevant with project.
System of the present invention can use for its purpose separately for multiple entity, and each example can be made about its tagging items, its data input device and can be by part or all information of other tracking situation of using the entity of system of the present invention to see.This other entity can use this information and by obtaining advantage in the system user's of the present invention whole public's experience and the history, no matter originally its purpose is to collect or to provide which kind of information, and do not need in every respect the use in future and benefit or its favourable influencing each other of various contributions are taken in when contributing.
System of the present invention make in the shipment as be ready for shipment during or the artificial careless mistake when being loaded into lorry can early detection.System of the present invention provides the maximum visibility of goods actual disposition in the supply chain.System of the present invention for good and all refluxes, steals proof and other business process with all historical record filings to support reliability, warrantee, client.System combination existing system of the present invention is to avoid the repetition of function.System of the present invention is indebted to the mark that is used to the project of following the trail of and gives maximum automatic functions, for example, is that the basis allows to set up inventory by detecting shipment with client's target place.System of the present invention ongoing operation all the time.Software upgrading can dynamically be carried out under not with the situation of total system off-line.These data can be stored in the universal architecture, even the semantic structure of data changes, this universal architecture also can not change.In the incident of fault, low delayed recovery mechanism makes the system can very fast recovery.
Scalable system of the present invention is to support a large amount of users.The mechanism that is used for data are changed can break away from the mechanism operation that proposes inquiry on data.Can make inquiry be limited to the past data state so that current state can be because of too many inquiry overload.
When between the node that each tracked project is disperseed on the geography in system when mobile, for guaranteeing its position and dispose a up-to-date synchronous observation that system of the present invention only needs the data of a low order to be in relation between the node.Even when the communication of regional node between the remainder of system can't be operated, system of the present invention still allows commercial operation lasting on this area's node.System of the present invention guarantees in case the node of line line again not, and the not report data of collecting from both gut-nodes is not positively got in touch with the remainder of system and the change that receives from other node is also positively got in touch with both gut-nodes not.In addition, move by higher order term purpose in the layered system of only reporting a project, contact amount and history of project record storage cost all can reduce.
System of the present invention can do not need to consume many processing poweies with carry out collect with the situation of filtering under in a large amount of smart items, receive data in real time.This smart items need not be confined to a single factory or a shop.Data can be collected from many geographical areas of scattering by system of the present invention.System of the present invention does not need to support a specific hardware interface for all possible smart items kind.System of the present invention can expand easily to hold new contact channel and hardware interface.Business rules make system of the present invention can adapt to new setting and situation and not needs one software engineer rearrange operation.
Can use system of the present invention to possess suitable real-time stock (inventory) management.Give up the regular reporting of the stock change that receives polymerization, system of the present invention makes stock change the energy real-time report and does not need people's intervention.Give up the plan of replenishing (replenishment planning) and only produce according to standing plans, the selection of time of the plan of replenishing can be in good time adjustment, produces with more or less frequency according to the real-time quantity in stock of report.
The redundancy section of a UID can be covered to save the frequency range in storer or the line in system of the present invention.System of the present invention can receive one group of UIDs that reads and can determine which kind of project to be discerned by a specific UID in different types of project.By this decision, system of the present invention can filter out the UIDs that is attached to some project kind and provide a UIDs who is attached to some project kind who filters out to gather to a recipient.
System of the present invention can provide optionally access with tracked information.System of the present invention can provide and can send the convenience of same tracked information to all clients, but provides the various level Information Access simultaneously according to client's authorization hierarchy.Especially, system of the present invention can encode tracked information, but a specific client only is provided the method with the partial decoding of h of this tracked information.
This coded system not only can provide the control of access and effective informational linkage can be provided.System of the present invention can replace literal descriptive in the tracked information and be relatively shorter coded text.If this tracked information is stored on the mark, this can allow more information be stored on the mark.If this tracked information is crossed network delivery, this can lower the frequency range quantity that this information consumes.
The details of the one or more specific embodiments of the present invention can propose in following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Other characteristic and advantage of the present invention can become apparent from description, accompanying drawing and the claim of instructions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for describing the block diagram according to a system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the example of the identification code of a uniqueness.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of an embodiment of description system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 introduces the process flow diagram of process for describing a project.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of the operation of description one temperature sensing device and a RFID mark.
Fig. 6 for describe system of the present invention to an incident as being written into the process flow diagram of the response of making on chest to a pallet.
Fig. 7 upgrades the process flow diagram of operating for describing one.
Fig. 8 is for describing the process flow diagram that upgrades, reads and warn operation.
Fig. 9 supplies with the process flow diagram of operating for describing one.
Figure 10 is for describing the block diagram that caution affirmation and data flowed into or flowed out a kind of scheme (scenario) of a mark.
Figure 11 is for describing the block diagram that caution affirmation and data flowed into or flowed out the another kind of scheme of a mark.
Figure 12 is the process flow diagram of a kind of aspect of data of description flow process.
Figure 13 is the process flow diagram of the another kind of aspect of data of description flow process.
Figure 14 is the block diagram of an embodiment of description system of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the block diagram of the software component in the descriptive system.
Figure 16 is for describing the block diagram about storing, changing and inquire the mechanism of tracked information.
Figure 17 is for describing the block diagram of characteristic (property) listing function.
Figure 18 is for describing the block diagram of a shipment scheme.
Figure 19 is for describing the block diagram of another shipment scheme.
Figure 20 is for describing the block diagram of the mechanism that is used for data recovery.
Figure 21 is for describing a block diagram that is used to respond the mechanism of inquiry.
Figure 22 is for describing a block diagram that is used to respond the mechanism of inquiry.
Figure 23 is for describing a block diagram that is used to respond the mechanism of inquiry.
Figure 24 is for describing a block diagram that is used to respond the mechanism of inquiry.
Figure 25 is for describing a block diagram that is used to respond the mechanism of inquiry.
Figure 26 is the block diagram of the extensive embodiment of description infrastructure.
Figure 27 is for describing the block diagram of world's mode configuration.
Figure 28 is for describing the block diagram of a licensing mode.
Figure 29 is for describing the block diagram of world's mode configuration.
Figure 30 is the block diagram of gathering together for describing the upper layer node of implementing.
Figure 31 is the block diagram of an embodiment of description system of the present invention.
Figure 32 is for describing a kind of block diagram that uses the embodiment of a plurality of integration engines in a layered system pattern.
Figure 33 is for describing the block diagram of an integration engine.
Figure 34 is for describing the block diagram of a hardware interface.
Figure 35 is for describing the block diagram of an electronic marker.
Figure 36 is the block diagram of the basic framework of an invention management system, according to the present invention with this invention management system of item tracking system common implementing.
Figure 37 is the block diagram of the embodiment of a use incident route.
Figure 38 one is used for the diagram of a thematic structure of incident route.
Figure 39 is the diagram of an agreement flow process that is used to issue.
Figure 40 is the diagram of an agreement flow process that is used to subscribe to.
Figure 41 one is used to settle the block diagram of the object naming server of incident router.
Figure 42 is for a kind of about using an incident router to be scattered in the explanation between a plurality of item tracking systems.
Figure 43 one is used for the block diagram of the system that gets in touch between a fabricator and a client.
Figure 44 is a kind of block diagram that uses an item tracking system of sharing to be used for the system that gets in touch between a fabricator and a client.
Figure 45 is a process flow diagram that is used to transmit a kind of method of tracked information.
Figure 46 is a kind of explanation of electric product coding structure.
Figure 47 is a kind of explanation of not covering shipping file.
Figure 48 is a kind of explanation of covering shipping file that has.
Figure 49 is a kind of process flow diagram that is used to filter the method for tracked information.
Figure 50 is a kind of process flow diagram that is used to transmit the method for tracked information.
Figure 51 is a kind of process flow diagram that is used for the method for access tracked information.
Figure 52 is the explanation of the system of a kind of file, concordance list and the being used to coded file that transmits tracked information.
Figure 53 is used to check that for a kind of suitable concordance list is used to set up the process flow diagram of method of the XML file of a coding.
Figure 54 block diagram that to be descriptive information flow between client server and other agency and commercial affairs.
Similar in the accompanying drawings label and the similar assembly of name expression.
The reference numeral explanation
20 chests are manufactured and mark
21,62 fabricators' the indicia reader that links to each other with the object interface assembly " see " mark (unique system identifier, UID)
22,64 object interface assembly manufacturings also transmit one " seeing incident " to communication middleware assembly
23,43,66,72,82,91,122,126CMC arranges the path to the environmental orientation intelligent assembly for this incident
24 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies: know object (UID)?
Is 25 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies: this incident the type of " novel entities object (UID) incident "?
26 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are made a new entity article (UID) according to particular data
27 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies store new object data
28 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are according to the state and the state history record of this input Data Update object (UID)
32,102 marker assemblies (TC)
33x, 33y, 33z fire wall
34x fabricator X: object interface assembly
34y shipment person Y: object interface assembly
34z retailer person Z: object interface assembly
36,106 communication middleware assemblies (CMC)
37,108 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies (CAIC)
38,110 human interface's assemblies (HIC)
40 object interface assemblies write as " effective up to when " and temperature threshold data to mark (UID) and reset T
Max
41,89 object interface assemblies: the mark that writes to requirement?
The 42 object interface assembly manufacturings and one " novel entities object (UID) incident " that transmit are to communication middleware assembly
44 production systems are made one " introducing entity object incident (UID) " and are comprised characteristic, access rights, rule and caution and be sent to communication middleware assembly
45 communication middleware assemblies are arranged the production system of path to this fabricator for incident
46 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies transmit " the unknown incident (UID) of object " to communication middleware assembly
On additional this sensor to one tray of 50 fabricators, its storer and of resetting with its startup
52 sensors: be to when measuring temperature?
54 measure temperature T and together are stored to historical record on the mark with time tag
If 56 T＞T
Max, set T
Max=T also stores T
MaxTo mark
The tray of 60 marks is mounted with chest and sensor
68 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are seen the state and the state history record of object (UID) according to this input Data Update
70 shipment persons' the indicia reader that links to each other with the object interface assembly " sees " that the mark (UIDs) of chest on tray comprises this sensor mark (UID, T
Max)
71 object interface assembly manufacturings also transmit one " seeing incident " (UID, T
Max) to communication middleware assembly
73,83 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are according to the state and the historical record of this input Data Update object (UID)
74 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies: temperature T
MaxIn restriction?
75,86 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies transmit caution incident (UID, T
Max) to this communication middleware assembly
76CMC arranges the ERP application program of path to this fabricator and this shipment person for caution
80 retailers' the indicia reader that links to each other with the object interface assembly " sees " that the mark (UIDs) of chest on tray comprises this sensor mark (UID, T
Max, T
History)
81 object interface assembly manufacturings also transmit one " seeing incident " (UID, T
Max, T
History) to communication middleware assembly
84 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are based on T
Max, T
HistoryAnd fabricator's rule is calculated the new date of expiration about each chest
Has 85 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies: chest damaged?
87 communication middleware assemblies arrange route to this human interface's assembly for this caution
88 human interface's assemblies transmit a news in brief to stock control person
" writing data event (UID, data) " made and transmitted to 90 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies to this communication middleware assembly
92 object interface assemblies write as " effective up to when " and T
MaxData are to mark (UID)
103,3620 item tracking systems (ITS)
104 object interface assemblies (OIC)
112 external applications
114 markets
116 other environmental orientation and real time tracing systems
120 transport information suppliers make one and comprise " introducing virtual situation incident (UID) " of characteristic and be sent to this communication middleware assembly
The 124 object interface assembly manufacturings and one " new void is like situation (UID) incident " that transmit are to this communication middleware assembly
128 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies: " this incident is the type of " new virtual situation incident " "?
130 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies are made a new virtual situation (UID) according to this particular data
132 environmental orientation intelligent assemblies store new virtual status data
150 commodity
152 marks (UID, data)
158,1402,4314 indicia readers
160 mark write devices
168 phantom items
170,171 rules
174 application programs
500 mark identifiers
1202 receive about one first commodity characteristic information
1204 receive about one second commodity characteristic information and environmental information
1206 use this to receive maintenance of information one first and second virtual goods
1208 receive relation information and safeguard a virtual relation
1210 recognize the caution situation about first commodity
1212 in order to respond the caution situation, and the characteristic information of making renewal is to be written into first commodity
1214 detections, first mark is present in a mark and writes the place
1216 make the mark place of writing write lastest imformation to the first mark
1302 receive the characteristic information about one first project, and this characteristic information is derived from the flag data that reads automatically from one first mark that is positioned at first project by one first indicia reader
1304 receive the performance data about the renewal of this first project
1306 detect the existence of this first mark at a different mark place of writing
1308 make this mark place of writing that updated information is write to this first mark
1401 business systems (as Enterprise Resources Planning)
1403,4311,4315,4409 regional item tracking systems
1404,4401,4409 share item tracking system
1405 network connectivities
1406 independent position
1407,4407 that both deposited and new application programs
1408 network connectivities can not change the ITS state to carry inquiry to this ITS
1409 extra share I TS systems
1501 input in real time and processing
1502 data structures and permanent storage
1503 interfaces about inquiry
1504,1505 softwares are to the communication of software
1610 kernel data structures do not have the meaning of one's words
1620 permanent storage mechanism
1630 basic architectures (stateless), meaning of one's words section in real time
1640 history and status enquiry system
1710 artifact record, 1. object ID 2. collect 3. members, 4. attributes
1810 abluent #341, #576
1820 chest #3328 shipment part #2287
1830 truck #4421 position latitude/longitudes/highly
1940 abluent #621
1950 warehouse #4462...} latitude: 31N, longitude: 60.45, highly: 100
1960 shelf #3348
1970 regional #4462
2010 networks (issue-order)
2020 permanent storages
2030 core positions
2040 storage areas
2050 meaning of one's words districts
2060 network infrastructures
2070 formations
2110 routes damage
2120 border chests
2130 starting positions
2140 end positions
2150 straight line paths
2220 roads point
2320 transportation routes
The estimation ratio that 2410 strokes are finished
2420 current locations of estimating
2510,2512,2514,2516,2518 route parts
2710,2720,2910,2920,3010 world's patterns
3110 integration engines
3120 smart items
3130 high-order application programs
3310 control and management persons
3320 interrogator Agents
3330 handle Agent
3340 Correspondent programs
3400 hardware interfaces
3410 servers
3420 interrogators
3500 electronic markers
3510 article labels (" ARTNR ")
The description of 3520 article (" ARTDESC ")
The price of 3530 article
3610 supervisory systems
3630 early stage caution Agents (EWA)
3640 library programming instruments
3710 incident routers (ER)
3720 extension objects name services (EONS)
4301 producers
4302 consumers
4303 shipments
4304 projects
4306 indicia reader systems
4307 Container Tags
4308 project marks
4309 shipment content informations
4310 communication networks
4312,4313 outside ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
4500,4900,5000,5100 methods
4510 receive a plurality of identification codes, and each identification code is discerned a related item uniquely
4520 are categorized into one or more groups identification code with this identification code
4530 for each group identification code, recognizes the redundancy section of coding, and this situation is very general for every group coding
4540 set up a file comprises one or more groups identification code
4550 organize this document thereby for every group identification code in a layered system, this redundancy section is listed an example and each identification code along with the abridged redundancy section is listed
4610 titles
4620 electric product coding supvrs
4630 object kinds
4640 sequence numbers
4701 redundancy sections
4802 prefixes
4910 receive the identification code combine with a plurality of projects, comprise the container of project independently and project
4920 place a character in each identification code, and this identification code is pointed out unique noncontinuous item of this project or project container
It still is a container that 4930 characters based on this placement determine this identification code to correspond to a noncontinuous item
5010 set up the tracked information about one or more projects, and each project has one or more characteristics
5020 use a clear and definite encoding scheme with this tracked information coding for each characteristic
5030 transmit this tracked information to one recipient
5040 these recipients of decision are awarded access which characteristic
5050 only provide a subclass of this encoding scheme of recipient, and it only comprises the encoding scheme that is authorized to the characteristic of access about the recipient
5110 receive the tracked information about the coding of one or more projects, and each project has one or more characteristics, and the characteristic of each coding is used a clear and definite encoding scheme
5120 only receive a subclass of this encoding scheme, and it only comprises the encoding scheme that is authorized to the characteristic of access about the recipient
5130 characteristics that the recipient is authorized to access are decoded
5210 producer's extendability indicating language files
5215,5260 coding extendability indicating language files
5220 producer's document type definition files
5225,5270 coded file type definition files
5230 concordance lists
5240 networks
5245 tagging items
5265 consumer's extendability indicating language files
5275 consumer's document type definition files
5280 distribution index tables
Do 5310 concordance lists need to upgrade?
5320 set up the extendability indicating language file of coding and the document type definition file of coding
5330 set up concordance list
Embodiment
Catalogue
1. system survey
2. an embodiment of system of the present invention
2.1. stride enterprise's shipment scheme
2.2. bi-directional data flows
3. another embodiment of system of the present invention
3.1. software upgrading
3.2. stride enterprise's visibility
3.3. data are got in touch between global pattern and are coordinated
3.4. in international trade according to the item recognition scheme
3.5. project alternative
3.6. information retrieval scheme
4. data are transmitted between item tracking system and indicia reader
4.1. incident router
4.2. integration engine
5. the compression of tracked information, filtration and coding
1. system survey
A kind of system according to the present invention receives information relevant with project and the situation that influences project with a non-exclusive open form.In this manual, " project (item) " speech has an implication very widely.It comprises the meaning of " project " speech that the patented claim that is used for the reference of above-mentioned institute uses.For with Enterprise Resources Planning (enterprise resource planning, ERP), supply chain management (supply chain management, SCM) and logistics system compatible, the notion of a project comprises when a project goes out when last Bill of Material (BOM), invoice of withdrawals, packing slip, menu or the like all normal indispensable things.Therefore, it comprises any entity article that has a position, loaded and transported, sold client or the like.It also can comprise any assets that may be mentioned in a corporate accounting or other business system as shipment.
One tagging items is a kind of project of carrying a self-identification marking.This mark can be connected with a unitem (in meaning before) or can be connected with a project polymerization.Therefore for example, a tagging items can be following one of them: the mobile computer that an independent project is crossed as a mark as one bottle of soap, assets; One contain might project of all kinds set, an or container that holds the tray or the like of many chests; One container; One truck or trailer; One aircraft; One ship; An and train.
In client's goods and other field, a project can not have the specific project mark of any kind.For example, the chest of a mark can comprise 48 bottles of soap, wherein every bottle of bar code that an identical UPC (global product coding) or SKU (stock control unit) or other products coding all arranged and every bottle all can be sold the client separately.One tracing system can will be bonded to the sales revenue point of following the trail of independent marked price project in the tracked shipment of tag level.Bar code generally will can not be carried a UID (unique system identifier), only be a project kind or SKU.Some hypothesis that combine with flag data about bar code can be done by system of the present invention.At the supermarket or retailer place, the vanning rank stock of mark can be by using an indicia reader acquire benefit in daily inventory, and its content of system postulation of the present invention has been placed on the vending rack and can be in selling in the order arbitrarily.If individual other project is unrecognized, just possess the correctness of tracing system after can't being opened at the chest of mark.
Usually, one is labeled as a RFID (radio frequency identification) mark, but it need be based on radio-frequency technique.For example, can implement a mark and read, contact no matter whether have entity between mark and reader by light, magnetic, light-magnetic or other technology.In addition, this mark can be passive (not containing internal electric source with contact and Data transmission) or active; And it can possess or not possess processing power.In this manual, should be appreciated that one is labeled as a discernible figure notation, mean that this label has the characteristic of utilizing some reader can directly read the Digital ID of a uniqueness from this mark.Some numerical markings also can be written into, if when needing to be ready to information under the situation that does not rely on a communication network, these marks provide extra advantage.
In this manual, " phantom item (virtual item) " speech is used to represent to conform to project and is used for data as its representative.Similarly, " virtual situation (virtual circumstance) " speech be used to represent with entity and non-physical things conform to and be used for data as its representative, comprise for example relation and incident.Can implement a phantom item or a virtual situation as the meaning of object in the Object Oriented OO programmatic terms of this project; Yet, its can also be any other easily mode implement, as by the record in the database.
Usually, set up and safeguard that virtual situation is because it represents that situation-it may influence the project of being represented by a phantom item for some things-generally can be referred to as.One of them example of situation is the geographical space incident, its can comprise as meeting hinder a cargo ship carry the shipment of the project in the tracking hurricane, can obstruction the labourer's strike on cargo ship, unloaded of project and traffic hazard that can the shipment of delay project.
Layered system one speech is meant combining or relation between project and the situation.For example, a container is placed a tray that container is housed, the incident that influences tray also can influence container.Virtual situation can be represented layered system.
System of the present invention takes pride in multi-source and receives information, and this information can or directly be connected to system by a network such as the Internet.System of the present invention can be constituted as and utilize exclusive or private interface to receive information from these sources, the form of changing this information in this case with system compatible.System of the present invention comprises data input device, as indicia reader, sensor and scanner.By these devices, the state that commodity were followed the trail of and write down in system of the present invention sustainably reaches by entity and the represented situation of environmental objects.The state of one commodity can comprise its situation, characteristic and position.
2. an example of system
As shown in Figure 1, according to an item tracking system of the present invention (item tracking system, ITS) can with a marker assemblies (Tagging component, " TC ") 102, one object interface module (Object Interface Component, " OIC ") 104, one communication middleware assembly (Communication Middleware Component, " CMC ") 106, one environmental orientation intelligent assembly (Context-Aware Intelligence Component, " CAIC ") 108, and human interface's assembly (Human Interface Component, " HIC ") 110 common implementings.In a substituting embodiment, this HIC 110 combines with other assembly.Each of these assemblies can be used as that the computer program of carrying out is implemented on one or more computing machines and control device carries out that data obtain, output and transfer function.Fig. 1 also is presented between the assembly of ITS, and the transport flow (being represented by arrow) between system and external application 112, exterior market 114 and other exterior I TS 116.Can any convenience, open mode implements this transport flow, as implementing by the exchange of XML file.
Arrange this assembly with distributed, a real-time and event base framework.Can implement each or all assembly or any combination of system component from a small and even huge degree.Small degree is implemented to be meant implementing on the single device that huge degree is implemented to be meant at multiple arrangement and is implemented on as the computing machine in the network.Each assembly can distribute and spread all over multiple arrangement, comprises computing machine, and by a network interconnection.Each assembly can be made up of a plurality of different applications, promptly so implements the function of this application program executive module in polymerization (aggregate).When guaranteeing that hardware and software can use non-exclusive standard interface easily to integrate, said modules structure permission system can divide into groups and convergent-divergent function from the global level of a regionality to.
One assembly can comprise that software systems-it comprises any software, application program, computer program-and relevant apparatus.For example, software systems can be application program operating and server on an enterprise level.Transmission between system can be undertaken by transmission network.This assembly exposes that non-exclusive open interface gives can be by the service of a network access, as similarly being the service of the XML on the HTTP based on open standard.Following content can further be described this assembly.
Marker assemblies
The project that is introduced into system can be used any obtainable project level labelling technique, as initiatively and passive wireless electricity frequency identification (" RFID ") mark, bar code and can be applicable to mark etc. on the molecular basis, and with the identifier of uniqueness mark in addition.
When system at first perceives a project or situation, it will be introduced into system as mentioned above; And set up the object (being phantom item or virtual situation) of a correspondence.System of the present invention specifies a specific dynamic n dimension content and feature space to introduce object.For example, system of the present invention can specify the object that the owner, price, goods number and temperature to are introduced.Ad hoc rules can at random add to the object of introducing in system of the present invention.For example, system of the present invention can add a rule and specify if respective items purpose temperature reaches the y level, and operation z is taken place.
In addition, this TC 102 can provide instrument, content, software development external member and specified scheme to make fabricator, system combination person and client can discern, confirm and implement the application program of best item indicia reader/write device combination and standard.This TC 102 can set up to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement of mentioning jointly with any Software Development Environment.
The object interface assembly
This OIC 104 is transferred to system with data from attached hardware, and vice versa.This OIC 104 also can carry out the Local treatment of any requirement.
This OIC 104 is a kind of precision between system and real world, general, two-way and clever software interfaces.At this, object is introduced into system and its state and telemetry are received, filter, transmit, anticipate and handle necessarily.Can be according to perhaps status data and the rule that triggers the caution incident or operation is taken place at present because this object can be implemented to carry, so can implement this OIC 104 with embedding or be linked to a regulation engine to handle this rule-like.By customizing this OIC104, the client can specify if first example detection of indicia reader of one of them client during to a project mark OIC what should be done-it will have an identification marking so that system can correspond to a unique system identifier (" UID ").These operations can comprise with external application gets in touch, as getting in touch with ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) application program.
This OIC 104 specifies also generally and confirms marker interface hardware, as RFID reader, barcode scanner, polymeric marker reader and sensor etc. and its operating system how with interconnection.Therefore this OIC 104 is as a common software interop wrapper Interop around all specific markers read/write devices, and it provides standardized integration; Data validation, filtration and transmission; Two-way, based on the secure relationship of incident; And data pre-service.
Because this OIC 104 not only can receive data also can transmit data to be attached to system hardware and software, and finally to its tagging items itself, so system of the present invention can use this OIC writing data project or to they remote controls in addition so far, if these projects are to control and be provided with for this reason.
This OIC 104 can be to all safety approachs that inwardly reaches outside communication applications and execution one precision, as a kind of safety approach based on digital authenticating.This OIC 104 can set up to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement of mentioning jointly with any Software Development Environment.
Communication middleware assembly
This assembly is by transmitting and the contact of acceptance criteria incident, and these assemblies can transmit and receive by a network.This CMC 106 confirm between OIC 104 and CAIC 108 (its will in following explanation) with the standardization incident between between any system component usually also be its arrangement path.This CMC 106 also can confirm to arrange the path between the standardization incident of any system component and other application program, device and inter-module and for it.
The function that this CMC 106 carries out such as the multileaving of data and authenticate-acknowledge, storage and acquisition, filing, data decryption/encryption and incident.This CMC 106 can be to all inside and outside communication applications and the safety approach of carrying out a precision, as a kind of safety approach based on digital authenticating.This CMC 106 can set up to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement of mentioning jointly with any Software Development Environment.
The environmental orientation intelligent assembly
As previously mentioned, system of the present invention can comprise virtual situation, and its representative may influence the incident of project.The example of this class incident comprises hurricane, certain point or high temperature and traffic jam that certain is regional.But virtual situation is description entry purpose characteristic also.The example of characteristic comprises a geographical space path, a speed and a target.The distance reading of sensor also can be introduced as virtual situation.
This CAIC 108 comprises a database, the historical record that the current state of its permission system stores and acquisition introducing object and the state of these objects change.This database can be handled geographical spatial data and spreadable to a plurality of computing machines and a plurality of area.
This CAIC 108 can use and carry out the safety approach of a precision, as a kind of safety approach based on digital authenticating.This CAIC 108 can set up to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement of mentioning jointly with any Software Development Environment.
Human interface's assembly
This HIC 110 can use and carry out the safety approach of a precision, as a kind of safety approach based on digital authenticating.This HIC 110 can set up to satisfy the above-mentioned requirement of mentioning jointly with any Software Development Environment.
Introduce object to system of the present invention
In operation, to system, this incident comprises at least one system UID can to utilize standardization and parameterized incident to introduce object (as phantom item and virtual situation).In addition, can add particular characteristics, method and rule to the object of introducing (as Current Temperatures, current owner, fabricator, temperature anomaly, caution, rule, data access and authentication specification).
Unique identifier
System of the present invention corresponds to a UID of system with the object of all introducings.For system can regionality between the global level convergent-divergent and also satisfactorily with other system combination, this identifier must be that the whole world is unique.If the indicant of this object has a mark that has a unique identifier in a whole world, this identifier can but not necessarily need as UID.The unique identifier of this class is wherein a kind of to be MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)) electric product coding (ePC) at identifier center automatically.Fig. 2 illustrates the form of ePC.
The divisible UID of system of the present invention searches performance to strengthen.
A kind of uniquely with a kind of mode of project mark for additional RFID chip on this project.These electronic chips are possessed at least one relative unique identification mark and can be read by specific reader device.The chip of more precisions makes the dynamic data storage area have the ability of outside read/write and intelligent chip comprises built-in processing power supply.Wherein advantage of RFID technology is not for needing its dispersion (disassemble) in the multiple project of the outer identification automatically of a distance or separating (unpack).Other technology also can be selected to use by system of the present invention, as project level bar code, magnetic mark and polymeric marker etc., phantom item is sticked the identification marking that can correspond to the UID of system.
Incident
System of the present invention by the use incident in inside and the outside connect each other.Table 1 provides a kind of example of representing the XML file of this incident.Can use any convenient form of representative incident.
＜incident 〉
＜key in SEEN_OBJECT＜/key in
＜parameter 〉
＜addresser 〉
<UID>xx.xxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx</UID>
＜key in RFID_READER＜/key in
＜/addresser 〉
＜telemetry 〉
<UID>xx.xxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx</UID>
＜temperature 〉
＜unit〉C＜/unit 〉
＜numerical value〉45.43＜/numerical value 〉
＜/temperature 〉
＜/telemetry 〉
＜/parameter 〉
＜/incident 〉
Table 1
Identification, environment, the layered system of time, space, uniqueness
The object of corresponding each introducing of system of the present invention is to the identifier (UID) and the environment of standardized time of total system, Spatial Dimension (3-D), uniqueness.System stores of the present invention district has the input data of system wide synchronized time stamp.The space is meant that certainly a bit (simple position) is to polyhedral all things of the complex three-dimensional in the three dimensions (being meant for example shape of position, size and a project).Environment can be (being meant that for example characteristic similarly is temperature, speed and weight) of n dimension.
Each dimension is measured with total system standard unit, for example based on similarly being the international standard of coordinating full time (Coordinated Universal Time, " UTC ") and international system of units (system of Units, " SI ").
Because time and space are global dimensions, so the core space of system of the present invention and all other system (as GIS) compatibilities, this other system also works in these dimensions or its subclass.The object of introducing can be the part of dynamic layered system.Layered system can be described by virtual situation.
Based on inside or external event data, the state of system tracks of the present invention and record entry, this project is by the introducing object representative in the above-mentioned space.Just can answer a question or provide afterwards about introducing the state of object in this space and the caution of relation therebetween, for example:
● is 12 days Dec calendar year 2001 of project (UID) wherein?
● are all in all x type projects (UID) at z place, the inherent address of radius y wherein?
● is my which supply subjected to the influence of tropical storm x?
● the immediate remainder of assets x wherein and they how soon can send to factory y?
● before cut-off date y for I the immediate demand of product X wherein?
● a warning! Chemical products x and y deposit too closely to each other.
● a warning! Employee x is not allowed to carry mobile computer y outside building z.
Based on historical data, statistics or other method, system of the present invention also can derive to-be or introduce the behavior of object or its group.
Direct or derive position data
The position of project can be in many ways to system description.About an a kind of example of directly describing is with standard mode configuration latitude, longitude and altitude information set.
About the example of a location expression of deriving is one to be provided with the street address of the facility of an indicia reader.System of the present invention is to street address that should the indicia reader standard coherent system to system, supposes project (being represented by its UID) that this indicia reader meets with in its vicinity, and the reader position is combined with the position of this project.
Object hierarchical data access authorization pattern
This object pattern can comprise the definition of a UID, characteristic and a things, and this things is defined as the mandate of the user of system institute read/write/its characteristic of change, method and rule.System assignment one global unique identifier of the present invention is given each user, and this identifier can be based on electric product coding (ePC), EPC supvr (being the part of ePC) or the like.
According to mandate that distributes and use normalizing parameter incident, the data that system user writes, reads and changes the introducing object.The object data access relies on the mandate of definition and sets.Table 2 provides the example of an XML file, and the phantom item of above-mentioned licensing mode is implemented in its expression one.Yet this is a kind of example, and any expression easily all can be used.
＜virtual _ project 〉
<UID>xx.xxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xxxxxxxxx</UID>
＜current _ owner 〉
<OUID>xxxxxxx</OUID>
＜change _ mandate 〉
<OUID>xxxxxxx</OUID>
＜/change _ mandate 〉
＜/current _ the owner 〉
＜price 〉
＜unit〉USD＜/unit 〉
＜numerical value〉230000＜/numerical value 〉
＜read _ authorize
<OUID>xxxxxxx</OUID>
<OUID>yyyyyyy</OUID>
<OUID>zzzzzzz</OUID>
＜/read _ authorize 〉
＜write _ authorize
<OUID>xxxxxxx</OUID>
＜/write _ authorize 〉
＜change _ mandate 〉
<OUID>xxxxxxx</OUID>
＜/change _ mandate 〉
＜/price 〉
＜virtual _ project 〉
Table 2
The communication security scheme
System of the present invention comprise a general mandate and safety approach (as a kind of scheme) based on digital authenticating and encryption for the communication of inter-module and with the communication of other system and external device (ED).
2.1 stride enterprise's shipment scheme
The position and the temperature of high-quality fishery products are followed the trail of and write down at shipment person Y by system when fabricator X loads and transports to retailer Z, currently will describe a kind of scheme in this case.
Below roughly how descriptive system finishes above-mentioned function.Fabricator X sticks the RFID mark with packaging products in boxes and on each chest.This RFID mark comprises a UID and can also store a date of expiration, a maximum temperature threshold and a maximum temperature reading (T that meets with
Max).Fabricator X is placed on chest on the tray and adds dynamic, a callable temperature sensing device on each tray.Also can be chosen in additional this induction installation on each chest, but can cause bigger expenditure.These devices are with a RFID mark, but it comprises a UID and a storage temperature reading and a maximum temperature reading (T that meets with
Max).This device is measured Current Temperatures termly and store reading on its additional RFID mark.When reaching once specific threshold value, temperature triggers caution.When arriving the retailer, date of expiration of upgrading and maximumly meet with the RFID mark that temperature data is written into each chest based on the temperature history record of sensor device.
Fabricator X wants to reduce and should be responsible for and the chest quantity (" return of goods ") of being return by retailer Z by shipment person y, and for example chest is exposed in the high temperature in shipment.Shipment person Y wants by the full visibility of guaranteeing current location and temperature so that better customer satisfaction to be provided, thereby obtains market share, in addition, shipment person Y want to discover quality problem and by contractor cause stolen.Retailer Z wants can discern and return the product that breaks down when sending to, thereby reduce to return goods and reduce cost and obtain higher customer satisfaction simultaneously.
How the system that below will describe in detail helps each side to realize its target.Fig. 3 illustrates an example, wherein fabricator X, shipment person Y and retailer Z obtain in the system its separately fire wall 33x, 33y, after the 33z object interface assembly (OIC) 34x, 34y, 34z and carry out local an installation.In addition, they common use one external application ISP's marker assemblies (TC) 32, communication middleware assembly (CMC) 36, environmental orientation intelligent assembly (CAIC) 37 and human interface's assembly (HIC) 38, this external application ISP provides these services by a kind of network as the Internet.Each side also can select to order the system that is provided by an ISP and carry out.In the latter's example, each side does not need to obtain and install an OIC.Also has a kind of selection in addition, a side or all five kinds of system components can be installed in many ways use for they everyone.In this example, each side need not to order to an ISP, and their CMC ' s can be by transmission incident on just like the network of the Internet with contact.
Based on specification, standard, best industrial implementation and other information that obtains from TC, fabricator X obtain with the said goods and scheme demand (as initiatively or passive RFID mark, frequency, reader scope, built-in temperature sensor, memory size, price point, example raw material and combine demand) compatible read-write RFID mark and interrogator.Based on specification, standard, best industrial implementation and other information that obtains from TC, shipment person Y and retailer Z respectively obtain the compatible RFID interrogator (it can be read-only) of RFID mark and system of some and fabricator X.
When fabricator X makes the product of boxes, fabricator X stick a RFID mark and introduce its unique identifier, permission temperature range and initial date of expiration to one system.Fig. 4 illustrates this introducing operation.Make a chest and stick a mark (step 20).The indicia reader that links to each other with OIC and belong to the fabricator is sensed mark and is read its UID (step 21).This OIC generation and the incident of seeing that comprises UID that transmits are to CMC (step 22), and this CMC arranges path to CAIC (step 23).If an object about UID is known, this CAIO is according to the input data (branch of step 24 " yes "; Step 28) upgrades the state and the state history record of this object; Otherwise this CAIC determines whether this incident is a new phantom item incident (step 25 decision).If this incident is a new object incident, this CAIC produces a new phantom item as UID and store new phantom item data (step 27) according to particular data (step 26).Otherwise following operation can take place.This CALC transmits a unknown object incident as UID to CMC (step 46).This CMC incident for this reason arranges the production system (step 45) of path to the fabricator, and it produces one and introduces the phantom item incident as UID, and it has characteristic, access rights, rule and caution, and transmits this incident to CMC (step 44).This CMC incident for this reason arranges the path to this OIC (step 43), and it produces a new phantom item incident as UID and be sent to this CMC (step 42).This OIC also determines whether to have a request to write these data to this mark (step 41).If any, this OIC writes these data to this mark (step 40).In this explanation, these data are a kind of date of expiration, a kind of temperature threshold and a kind of maximum temperature reading (step 40) that meets with.In any situation, this new phantom item incident be by this CMC arrange path to this CAIC (step 23) with according to above-mentioned manipulation.
As shown in Figure 5, when fabricator X is written into a tray for transportation, the additional dynamic temperature sensor of fabricator X is to this tray, and the storer of replacement sensor also starts its (step 50).This sensor is measured temperature (step 52) when a timetable, follow temperature that time tag store the to measure historical record (step 54) to this mark.If this temperature reaches the maximal value of experience, this new maximal value also can be stored in (step 56) on the mark.
Fig. 6 has described system of the present invention and has had the response of being done on the tray of sensor (step 60) to being written into chest to.The indicia reader that links to each other with OIC and belong to this fabricator is responded to this mark and UIDs thereof and is produced the SEEN incident as UID and be sent to this CMC (step 64).This CMC arranges the path to this CAIC (step 66) for these incidents.According to the input data in the incident, this CAIC upgrades by the state of the induction phantom item that UIDs discerned and state history record (step 68).
When the reader that belongs to shipment person Y and link to each other with OIC was sensed a mark, this CAIC upgraded system of the present invention.Fig. 7 illustrates that this upgrades operation.The indicia reader that belongs to this conveying person and link to each other with OIC is sensed the mark of the chest that comprises induced indicia on the tray, reads its UIDs and T
MaxData (step 70).This OIC generation and transmission SEEN incident and this data are to this CMC (step 71).This CMC arranges the path to this CAIC (step 72) for this incident.This CAIC is according to the state and the historical record (step 73) of the Data Update corresponding virtual project that receives.This CAIC decision T
MaxWhether in limited field (step 74).If not, this CAIC transmits a caution incident to this CMC (branch of " no " of step 74; Step 75), and this CMC arrange the ERP application program (step 76) of path for caution to fabricator and shipment person.
When receiving when shipment, retailer Z is from additional RFID mark and read date of expiration and confirm the maximum temperature data that this product is definite.Fig. 9 illustrates this read operation.
When detecting the chest of damage, it is identified and CAIC utilizes this HIC assembly warning storehouse management person.For reaching the convenient form of clamp that this purpose can utilize SMS (short message service) message, calling set message or any other message to transmit.Fig. 8 illustrates this caution operation, wherein belongs to the retailer and indicia reader induction that links to each other with OIC and the UIDs that reads the mark of chest on the tray that comprises a sensor mark that has a UID, and responds to and read a maximum temperature T
MaxAn and temperature history T
History(step 80).This OIC produces and transmits SEEN incident and UID, T
MaxAnd T
HistoryInformation is to this CMC (step 81).This CMC arranges the path to CAIC (step 82) for this incident.This CAIC is according to the state and the historical record (step 83) of this input Data Update phantom item.This CAIC is also based on T
MaxAnd T
HistoryInformation and fabricator's rule calculate a new date of expiration (step 84) for each chest.If it is (branch of " yes " of step 85) that damages that CAIC determines this chest, then this CAIC transmits a caution incident and UID and T
MaxTo CMC (step 86), its caution arranges the path to HIC (step 87).This HIC transmits a SMS message subsequently and warns this retailer stock control person (step 88).No matter whether this chest damages, whether this OIC decision has requirement that these data are write this mark (step 89), and if any, this CAIC produce and transmit WRITE DATA incident is accompanied by UID and about the data of mark to this CMC (step 90).This CMC arranges the path to OIC (step 91) for these incidents, and it writes " effective up to the some time " and T
MaxData are to this mark
System of the present invention can be from third party supplier reception environment information, for example traffic or Weather information.Not to allow the supplier send information make system suck information exactly substantially so that information is taken to system.This type of information can allow System Reports of the present invention or prediction shipment delay or other can influence other situation of moving of introducing project or situation.Fig. 9 illustrates the example of supplier's supply information to system.In Fig. 9, a transport information supplier produces the virtual situation incident of an INTRODUCE and a UID and characteristic and transmits this incident to this CMC (step 120), and it arranges path to an OIC (step 122) for this incident.The OIC of this reception produces the virtual situation incident of a NEW and UID to this CMC (step 124), and it arranges path to CAIC (step 126) for this incident.This CAIC determines that this incident is the kenel (branch of " yes " of step 128) of the virtual situation incident of NEW, and produces a new phantom item as UID (step 130) according to these specific data, and stores this new virtual status data (step 132).
2.2 bi-directional data flows
Streams data and bi-directional data that system of the present invention can be provided on the mark flow.Figure 10 illustrates a kind of scheme.One mark 152 is labelled on the chest 150.This mark comprises a UID, and can store a date of expiration, a maximum temperature threshold, a maximum temperature reading and the price of meeting with.Temperature data on mark 152 can upgrade along with the temperature frequency of measuring chest 150, for example can write its reading one and maybe can operate a temperature sensor to the temperature survey station of mark 152 and be connected to mark 152.
Data on the mark 152 can be read automatically by indicia reader 158, for example use the RFID technology.In one embodiment, indicia reader 158 " scanning " its environment termly in a particular range.In an other specific embodiment, the triggered mark reader is to scan its environment, for example by a range sensor.If one scan is returned effective reading of data (by communication 154), for example because of mark 152 is moved in the sweep limit, the data that indicia reader 158 is received transmission are to system 166 (by communication 162).In this example, suppose that this external application 174 also defines and add a rule 170 to phantom item 168 by the phantom item 168 (by communication 172) of an external application 174 introducings in advance in system of the present invention 166 maintenances one.Definable rule 170 for " to meet with temperature higher than Fahrenheit 45 degree if be stored in the maximum of the chest on its mark, then write current date as date of expiration to its mark ".Form, grammer or the computer code definition rule 170 of available any and system's 166 compatibilities.Whenever system 165 is received from the new data that mark 152 reads, it is with executing rule 170.If rule 170 is returned a result who determines, a new date of expiration such as a current date will calculate in system 166, and the UID that transmits new date of expiration and mark 152 is to mark write device 160 (by communication 164), and makes mark write device 160 write the date of expiration data field (by communication 156) of new date of expiration of data to the mark 152.
Figure 11 illustrates another program, wherein external application 174 termly inquiry system 166 meet with the last state of temperature about the maximum that is stored in the chest 150 on the mark 152.In this scheme, can define this logic once more for rule 171, be the part of external application 174.This external application 174 transmits an incident to system 166, and this incident comprises UID, new date of expiration, a price and a updated control information of upgrading of mark 152.This event triggering system 166 transmits date of expiration, price and uID to the mark write device 160 (by communication 164) of this reception.System 166 of the present invention makes the mark write device that the data that receive are write to data field corresponding on the mark 152 subsequently.Above-mentioned communication can be implemented by any medium of communication, is included on the network just like the Internet.
In these schemes, possess an indicia reader and can read the data that are stored on the mark 152, a receiver of chest 150 can be discerned a date of expiration and price, and this date of expiration and price are the temperature that exposes based on chest in the tracing process 150.
Figure 12 illustrates wherein a kind of aspect of streams data process.In the example of an explanation.System of the present invention receives the characteristic information (step 1202) that comprises its UID about first project by reading first mark that is positioned at first project.Similarly, system of the present invention receives about the information of one second project and is derived from from the environmental information (step 1204) of the data that sensor read automatically that link to each other with second project.System of the present invention uses this maintenance of information one virtual first and second project (step 1206).System of the present invention also receives the relation information of pointing out relationships between items and safeguards a virtual relation (step 1208).Have this information, system of the present invention can be based on the phantom item identification caution situation (step 1210) relevant with this first project to small part.In order to respond this caution situation, system of the present invention produces the characteristic information of renewal for writing to this first project (step 1212).Having (step 1214) and making this mark place of writing write updated information (step 1216) to this first mark at this first mark of a mark place of writing detection after the system of the present invention.
In these schemes, this caution situation can be recognized, and the rule that is used for responding this caution and calculating lastest imformation is finished among system itself or in the application program of system outside.In latter instance, this application program from system's reception sources from the information of the object that system safeguarded and produce the characteristic information that upgrades and it is accompanied by the requirement that writes to first mark and provide to system of the present invention.
Figure 13 illustrates another aspect of streams data process.In the example of an explanation, system of the present invention receives the characteristic information about one first project, and this characteristic information is derived from the flag data (step 1302) that reads automatically from one first mark that is positioned at first project by one first indicia reader.System of the present invention also receives the performance data (step 1304) about the renewal of this first project.System of the present invention detects there be (step 1306) and make this mark place of writing that updated information is write to this first mark (step 1308) of this first mark at a different mark place of writing subsequently.In this scheme, can in system itself, calculate this updated information, or finish in the application program outside system.In latter instance, this application program receives the information of the object that the system that comes from safeguards and produces the characteristic information that upgrades and it is accompanied by the requirement that writes to first mark from system and provides to system of the present invention.
3. another example of system of the present invention
As shown in figure 14, can and a plurality ofly be generally the privately owned a kind of and consistent system of the present invention of area I TSs common implementing with an ITS (item tracking system) who shares.System of the present invention need not have a clear and definite highest level and a shared node.Some enforcement of system of the present invention will be a kind of associating of enterprise and do not have layered system on enterprise.Other enforcement will be a plurality of best result layers, share node, may support a specific enterprise department separately in enterprise's layering.Usually, this framework will be ordered about by various consideration, be included in the agreement of supporting in the enterprise.
In Figure 14, existing ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) system 1401 can be any regional enterprises software that Care for Cargo moves and stores that is used for.The ERP system that is used for each enterprise (or part of an enterprise) may be different.
Each enterprise has a plurality of indicia readers 1402 in numerical markings is supplied with numerical information to one area I TS.A common indicia reader is to supply with the hardware of the numerical data of collecting from any project or container and any combination of software.Can place reader on the production line, in the storage place, in truck or other mobile vehicle, also can be the portable wireless hookup mechanism.Some implements optionally to insert hardware and software between entity physics reader and ITS.
In Figure 14, each area I TS 1403 may be implemented on one or more computer systems for the system of a kind of hardware and software.This system is typically geographically with respect to the other parts of enterprise to the zone, but in fact can be placed on any place that suitably is linked to area E RP system and indicia reader.A common ITS serves the part of single enterprise or this enterprise.Therefore, when having the area I TS of surpassing, separately can be by different enterprise's operations.One ITS also can be connected to other existing enterprise software system, is used for the software systems of supply chain management, logistics, customer relation management and by the formed new software service of the available data of the sort of ITS of formation as those.
One ITS 1404 that shares is a kind of item tracking systems of being shared by a plurality of area I TS.It is connected to a plurality of area I TS systems widely and also can be connected to a plurality of other share I TS systems.One ITS that shares also can be connected to other new and existing enterprise software system.
Zone and share I TS communication on a network connectivity 1405, this network connectivity can be the connection technology of any computing machine to computing machine.Usually this communication meeting is encrypted for safety between enterprise, can use digital authenticating or other safety method with the participant in the checking communication.This medium of communication can comprise common network.This line is usually in real time or near the information of the message of the position of transmitting the expressive notation project in real time and other expression transportation file, shipment carrier or the like.
One independent position 1406 is to operate the required hardware and the set of software for the support area.One position can be the part in the place or a place of a fabricator, a distributor, a retail division, a private residence, a maintenance station or any other marks for treatment article.
New and existing application program 1407 can be existing enterprise software system, and for example those are used for supply chain management, stock, customer relation management and by the formed new software service of the available data of the sort of ITS of formation.By a network connectivity 1408, these application programs can be inquired current state, past history and the out of Memory of this ITS about the project of its tracking.These inquiries can't change the state that writes down in this ITS system, and the state recording that can be stored in this ITS in the permanent storage under losing the situation of seldom or not losing practicality by processing is operated these inquiries, and need not handle the inquiry on the field data among this ITS.
The basic software composition of Figure 15 explanation in project is followed the trail of architecture.One imports process software 1501 in real time receives configuration and other message from indicia reader, existing ERP system and other ITS system.These messages can be XML or other form.But this message presentation-entity or logical term purpose product, or the change of the configuration of these projects or state.The message that this part decipher of this software is come in, consult this data storing project 1502, take suitable operation, new data structure and may return error messages or other is reported to message and originates more based on message content and storage data.
Data structure and permanent storage 1502 write down and safeguard this relation and logic and the state of physical items and the expression of history of being followed the trail of by this ITS.For example this software can write down certain unique mark of a corresponding specific canned abluent.In fact this abluent may be contained in the chest (in ITS known another unique tag and project), it may be on a truck (in ITS known another unique tag and project) and response real-time message and for the software operation of input process software 101 in real time, but the position of regular update truck.This data structure also can write down the part (have the logic project of UID) of this abluent for certain transportation.This data structure and permanent storage are preserved this data structure in any hardware and software error.Can use any method that perfects of setting up permanent storage, for example someone can utilize software database technology and disk drive with a kind of not evanescent mode recorded information.
One software interface that is used to inquire 1503 provides the interface between an ITS and the outside enterprise software application program.For example, if a traditional ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) or SCM (supply chain management) system need be in the renewal on the current physical location of a certain purpose, it can send an inquiry.This ITS permanent storage can provide the necessary information of operation, and the interface that is used to inquire can utilize this information to operate similarly to be the inquiry of " report a particular types and be currently located at all batteries (by product coding identification) within the given geographic area ".Or one the inquiry similarly be: " reporting that all arrive preceding 48 hours box-packed milk in the pot-life "
3.1 software upgrading
Core 310 seasonable the quarters constantly constantly of this ITS architecture (as shown in figure 16) are operated.Since economic activity relies on certain part of system, halt system is unpractical with maintenance or update system.Yet system of the present invention will need to upgrade in every way.Its structure below will be described to address this need.
To consider three kinds of software upgradings: the coding (being that computer program is indicated) and the main system that increase or delete field (being attribute), increase or change the meaning of one's words notice of carrying out field contents are upgraded.Each will be in regular turn in this discussion.
Fabricator, distributor, retailer and other people may need to increase or the data field of independent project of deleted representation or project group in the hope of the facility of region operation.For example, perhaps can wish to add temperature when a field is pointed out to handle project.This information may be very important, for example is used for long-term reliability and product is return research.This processing temperature field contains the information that is different from existing temperature field, for example Current Temperatures or the maximum temperature sensor when transmission or storage device.Also can have differently and handle it.For example, perhaps this fabricator wishes the standing storage of treatment temperature numerical value for reliability consideration, does not give other fabricator or any mechanism but reveal.
The example of other adding or deleted data field comprises: a retailer wishes to write down the project of selling but returning subsequently.One provisioning change and some jurisdiction requires the pot-life of this kind product; This field is finished by the fabricator and is operated according to distributor and retailer's requirement.
In another example, a distributor is responsible for providing the shipping of returning about project, and this project is retracted into the fabricator by the client.This distributor wants to add a field and " returns the shipping side of being responsible for ", and it can insert distributor's name automatically, therefore is responsible for the side legally and will bears this responsibility when project is return.This distributor's information perhaps can obtain from history.But this extra field makes it show that clearly who will bear this responsibility, and need not inquire history.
Generally speaking, system of the present invention can dynamically increase by a new data field (being attribute) to any existing object.In addition, this object record can be received by any system higher or low layered system and without the reprogramming design and need not change in the past or following same form object.
Data field has only when this object is positioned at certain state just significant words may wish it deletion.For example, relevant with a transportation table or packing list field is only just effective when this object representation one project belongs to the part of current transportation.In case this transportation formally is received, the transportation field is just by deletion (but being retained in the history) from dynamic data structure.If invalid field does not have deleted, it is invalid also can to select it is denoted as.
Increasing or change the coding of carrying out meaning of one's words behavior can be with system update, and everybody can wish to increase constantly the ability of system and improve older function usually.These change needs many selections, and for example: when increasing new ability, who designs program, and how to test and how to make and reduce to minimum to the influence of other activity.
The example that need to increase or change the situation of meaning of one's words behavior comprises: a new member add one in partnership and the new function of needs to manage its various goods.Existing function changes, and for example a kind of method of managing the setting of pot-life changes, or develops a kind of step that better is loaded into truck.
Increase function to any project of architecture may need to increase new data field.
Change meaning of one's words behavior and may make the total system fault.Therefore the test mode of control and to introduce new coding and change meaning of one's words behavior be danger close fully.The meaning of one's words that can change a specific project form is substantially handled and is changed specific project and do not need the shut-down operation system.Behavior for other object has very big confidence can not be changed in addition.
The renewal of main system is possible, comprise that renewal is to change all softwares, upgrade the disk drive form and upgrade hardware, system of the present invention can make center system operate in switching between two kinds of hardware/softwares settings apparently and can not cause any loss of service of seeing usually.This step should be extraordinary.
For the system reliability factor, can move a PowerShadow.A kind of system so also provides a kind of mechanism of main system update.
As shown in figure 16, data storing is initiatively separated with all meaning of one's words methods.This core 1610 provides the small-sized set of a basic function but is independent of any special object in others and handles.Therefore, handle when being added into when new data field or the new meaning of one's words, this core 1610 does not need to change.A kind of like this core is very general and can be for its basic function and extreme high reliability and optimization.These core 1610 program designs will seldom change.
The other parts of system of the present invention are got in touch by inter-process communication or exchange files, even therefore other parts are failed and must be restarted this core 1610 and still can continue operation.
This core 1610 can restart from a previous snapshot.It can or use by playback past event (the repeating property of supposing) subsequently becomes up-to-date from the available thing in the permanent storage with this current state of construction again.As described below, the change of not giving permanent storage 1620 as yet must be performed again.
To gather with the small-sized function of all various demands of effective means back-up system will be in following description.
As shown in figure 16, the real-time meaning of one's words section 1630 of this stateless (stateless) is carried out following operation: (1) its automatic network receives allocation message.One allocation message is always specified at least one project.(2) its acquisition corresponds to the object of specific project.Usually can avoid locking.(3) it can use the meaning of one's words disposal route of information to select to be fit to that is derived from object.(4) it captures any object further needs, if be necessary then to be locked.(5) it calculates the upgating object record.(6) its transmission changes to core 1610, and can remove the locking of all object record.
This real-time meaning of one's words section 1630 is stateless fully.Therefore can turn off any part at any time, restart and continue operation.This helps dynamically to be written into new meaning of one's words method widely, for example uses Java mechanism and recovers in any mistake.
There are many mode systems of selection to be applied to an allocation message that enters.Type or kind that suitable coding had both relied on object also rely on the configuration of pointing out.For example, loading a transport agent may be closely similar for most objects, but the configuration of " selling end user " may highly be subordinated to the type of project.At least two kinds of enforcements can be selected a use: (1) relies on and is used for the clear and definite product type field of ePC, and this is proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) automatic ID center.(2) inquiry appointment object with and possible root form (root-type) object, to obtain a project kind identifier.
Second method does not rely on the deployment of ePC numbering plan and is compatible with any Mk system.Moreover its circuitous level allows the object of vast kind by identical software processes.For example, all abluent products of a producer can be with identical encoding process, and other producer's abluent can be with different codings.At last, core 1610 so end item can be set and sign can be plugged to trigger different codings.So can allow real-time testing to be limited to the new coding of small-sized collection object.In order to have reached achievement, this is encoded to multithreading.Object (also may be any root Object by this object institute reference) can be retrieved before assigning at this meaning of one's words coding.
Can advantageously implement this core 1610 so that it does not have a persistence.For elasticity and speed are provided, this core 1610 can be a computer memory subsystems.This core 1610 also can select directly to correspond to permanent storage mechanism 1620.
This permanent storage mechanism 1620 is a kind of module, and this module obtains a series of object from core 1610 and changes notice and give permanent storage with it.Can set up a kind of current snapshot of system state from storage area information apace.
But system of the present invention accumulated history and current state also had a last observation, therefore strengthening inquiry for large-scale non real-time can be with its optimization.Because it is read-only in essence, can it be duplicated to support a large amount of inquiries easily.
This history mechanism also needs permanent storage.Therefore this history function can be included into permanent storage mechanism 1620 usually.
This core 1610 has a functional minimal set.Can set up and extension object, comprise following function:
(a) set up an object and
(b) add or delete a Property Name value (property name-value pair).All object orienteds are unique and are sizes arbitrarily.One title is taken out in an extendible list, increases sharply and avoids producing the title of the conflict with inconsistent meaning of one's words avoiding.
But this core 1610 accesses and Alternative Attribute value, its especially can:
(a) return all properties (name-value to) and
(b) renewal Property Name value is right.
This core 1610 has special (built-in) attribute list 1710 functions, as named set ownership and member's power, comprising:
(a) with a kind of new type-title set manufacturing object owner's (root) ability, and
(b) increase and delete member in the named set.
At last, this core 1610 has the object locking of seldom using, and comprises following ability:
(a) lock object-provide signature and
(b) the consistent signature of unlocking objects-provide.
The very little set of these core 1610 functions and mark and reader connection are little, and it is also little with project position connection in entity world.This is a kind of main advantage.This data structure is enough general, and it does not need to change the meaning of one's words by the project of supply chain or other application program.These core 1610 softwares are highly optimized small-sized set with executable operations, and meaning of one's words variation is contained in the stateless meaning of one's words method.Really many being integrated into when it develops can be locked in the data structure, and some meaning of one's words variation may need the object structure of now of construction again.Yet this can finish in a fielded system and not need this core 1610 of software change.
Following table provides an example explanation of simplifying can how to use these frameworks.
#1147:{ object ID:#1147}{ object _ type: basis _ EPC_ type } { software _ version: 2}
{ kind: " abluent " } { PML: " http...... " }
{ EPC_ type _ set _ root: #341, #576......}
#341:{ object ID:#341}{ type of item: EPC_ object _ entity } { EPC_ type _ set _ member: #1147}{ container _ set _ member #3328}
#576:{ object ID:#576}{ type of item: EPC_ object _ entity } { EPC_ type _ set _ member: #1147}{ container _ set _ member #3328}
#621:{ object ID:#621}{ type of item: EPC_ object _ entity } { EPC_ type _ set _ member: #1147}{ container _ set _ member #3348}
#2287:{ object ID:#2287}{ type of item: EPC_ shipment } { shipment _ set _ root: #3328......}
{ shipment _ enterprise _ member: #3347}
{ shipment _ system _ source: " R/3_4.6 " }
#3328:{ object ID:#3328}{ type of item: container }
{ object _ description: " 14 * 18 * 10 cardboard box " }
In real time _ position _ type: follow _ higher _ layering _ container
{ container _ set _ root: #341.#576}
{ shipment _ set _ member; #2287}
{ container _ set _ member; #4421}
#4421:{ object ID:#4421}{ type of item: container }
{ object _ description: " 10, the 000lb truck " }
In real time _ and position _ type: GPS longitude-latitude-highly }
{ container _ set _ root: #3328}
{ latitude: 32N}{ longitude: 60.45}{ height: 327M}{ position _ last _ upgrade: 1/12/200214:27}
#3348:{ object ID:#3348}{ type of item: container }
{ object _ description: " warehouse shelf " }
In real time _ and position _ type: the stationary storage position }
{ storage area _ position _ zone: " shelf 3 " }
{ container _ set _ root: #621...}
{ container _ set _ member: #4462}
#4462:{ object ID:#4462}{ type of item: container }
{ object _ description: " zone, warehouse " }
In real time _ and position _ type: the stationary storage position }
{ storage area _ position _ zone: " zone 16 " }
{ container _ set _ root: #3348...}
{ container _ set _ member: #4481}
#4481:{ object ID:#4481}{ type of item: container }
{ object _ description: " warehouse " }
In real time _ and position _ type: the best result layer fixed position with latitude/longitude/height }
{ container _ set _ root: #4462...}
{ latitude: 31N}{ longitude: 60.45}{ height: 100M}
Last table is described a suitable complicated situation, also explanation in Figure 18 and 19.
As above shown in the table, #1147 represents product category " abluent ".Specific canned abluent is by object entity #341, and #576 and #621 represent.
As shown in figure 18, two jars in these canned abluents 1810 are in a carton 1820.This carton in a truck 1830 and this truck have a GPS positioning system and return for real-time positioning.This chest is the part in the particular shipment.Other has one the 3rd jar of abluent 1940 to be stored in the shelf 1960 in a zone 1970 in a warehouse 1950.
This set mechanism gives data structure a kind of very strong strength, for example:
The object ID of given abluent EPC type of foundation (#1147), someone can inquire this set, and all situations that obtains abluent with and current location.
The object ID in given warehouse, someone can find in all warehouses project with and deposit position.
The object ID of all situations of given abluent, someone can find out corresponding transportation number, if this number exists.
Given one the shipment object ID, someone can find all projects with and the position.
The object ID of given truck, someone can find project in all trucies and relevant shipping file thereof.
Data recovery
Data recovery is a crucial subject under discussion.When detecting a serge sound in the leaf (leave) of network 2010, Figure 20 illustrates since then intrasystem delay, till the connotation of this serge sound is recorded to permanent storage 2020.Suppose that a bust is to share (central authorities) position one, restore to mean, consider that then all also do not have processed variation from current information on disk.
A kind of mode of recovery is for writing down a certain amount of history within network infrastructure itself 2060.For example, can set up deliver-subscription arrangement mechanism makes it have reliable inner permanent data storage area.Other mode has permanent storage for each leaf node at this network.
All storage areas 2040 that need equal to pass through the delay of this system when this indicia reader arrives system's permanent storage.
Usually be not easy to determine which incident that effect is arranged and which incident is lost.Moreover, do not having the interior of event handling among meaning of one's words section 1630 and the core 1610 in real time in order.If all are treated to idempotent and independent order, the enough incident of playback is to contain the loss work of maximum possible.If this condition is set up, this meaning of one's words that causes operation 2060 is: if incident surpasses an example so that different sequential processes or this identical incident are processed, this final system state can be identical.
Position renewal
Some high value project and can be with being used for upgrading position real time position system (RTLS) mark in addition termly as transport agents such as trucies.For example, being positioned at the WherNet company that the holy Plutarch in California draws just provides the WherTag mark, and it utilizes the 2.4GHz frequency range to its identification of regional broadcast termly, and its position can be determined by triangulation.These mark broadcasting only can be changed by this mark of entity access in the fixed intervals from the several seconds to several branches.
In addition, wide area system can utilize GPS (global positioning satellite) receiver to combine with a traditional communication system, as operation phone or low frequency range satellite uploading system, so that position renewal termly to be provided.Can be to the current location of this communication system wheel continuous query distance one base station, perhaps this communication system can be in calling out in the time interval of far-end editor journey.
One basic ability of one tracing system is the report of receiving position information.Come the reported position will be very convenient though only use a kind of method; but use in as a buildings or a warehouse latitude and longitude will emit the risk of too much extra computation step unnecessary in a kind of very narrow region, therefore can use the side-play amount of the gimbal region that leaves a reference usually.For the use of broader region, the got data of taking from latitude, longitude and the height of a gps system are fit to.
Batch identification
Usually, can provide this item tracking system more information, when project is seen by a certain reader, send serge sound and be not only.This information may be the configuration of the upcoming project in the works that reading batch.For example, " shipment x is taken out and be packaged to following project just in the stock ".The information of system of the present invention about this shipment can be provided elsewhere.
This information can be from the terminating machine near an indicia reader, this indicia reader is connected directly to the system application application program of a web browser (for example based on), this information also can be indirectly from a district system, and it can transmit a suitable message to tracing system.
Because project arrives in a batch mode usually, can store serge sound and be recorded up to a batch ending regionally.This reader or district system are sent one and are comprised about the message of project information in all batches and give tracing system then.This message can be the form such as the XML of a SGML.
Can give the ID of each batch uniqueness.One batch of numbering (batch-ID) be the method for a kind of communication compactly about the general information of a project group.Each reader can have one default batch-ID, and uses when not having given batch-ID.If use batch-ID, the message that is derived from reader can be following form:
Time tag, batch-ID (as 96bit ePC), project-ID.
So use and batch can support an arrangement function, be used for when project is read before not in addition batch.For example, an assembly line can have the project and a series of chest of a succession of order.This reader reads the mark on each project, and decision for example is placed on project chest 1 or 2 or 3.Each chest can signify for example different configurations.This reader places different batches-ID on each chest, and each project and the chest that is placed on the somewhere batch-ID links to each other.
Basic batch design can comprise reader with a unique ID and the shipment that has a unique ID equally.This reader link to each other with shipment with produce one its have specific batch of ID of a uniqueness.A plurality of batches that are derived from identical or different readers can be bonded to identical shipment.Necessary basic shipment can comprise that ID, zone shipment numbering (numbering that for example is used for an area E RP), a goods target, a target of a uniqueness transmit a date and a target delivery time.
Each has can be repeated safely and can not obscure in conjunction with permission information between the project of a batch but not a reader.For example, if transmit configuration information again, then owing to similarly be system mistake or reopening, if use batch-and project pairing but not reader-project pairing, the state of system of the present invention will can not change.
Configuration operation
One configuration operation is described state variation relevant with a tagging items about the layered system of object and project or that link to each other.Configuration operation comprises as setting up project or first example introducing project with tracking, change in location, stock's affirmation, shipment, loading, unloading and end tracking.
The initial attribute of record one project that this configuration operation " is set up project ", for example fabricator, type, build date and place or the like.This operation can comprise with some data that provide this mark initialization.It comprises the indication about the initial deposit position of project usually.
This configuration operation " change in location " project of being meant will or be moved to a new given position." stock's affirmation " be meant this project when a deposit position is sensed with its record in addition.
This configuration operation " shipment " is meant that this project is designated as the part of certain shipment.Can give the numbering of the shipment known to the area E RP.
This configuration operation " loading " is meant senses this project when loading a specific transport agent.This truck or other transportation ID can be bonded to a shipment ID.
This configuration operation " unloading " is meant senses this project when unloading one specific transport agent.This carrier ID can be bonded to a shipment ID.
This configuration operation " cancel " be one its cancel the operation of the configuration in any past about identical items and same batch effectively.Usually need to cancel configuration in the past.For example, when loading too many project, cancel just and can occur.This operation is not an idempotent.
This configuration operation " finish follow the trail of " is meant that tracing system do not expect to see once more this project.This operation may occur in similarly to be retail sales or to be opened and chest when being recovered when item package.System of the present invention may for later assurance or historical purpose with this project data filing.
Also have many possible configurations.It is preferable that flexible configuration is specified.
Shipment
One shipment identification, one packing list typically is following form: project-number of types scale.One shipment also defines the calculated target that moves to of these project-types.This target can be a client who has an address, or other position of same companies.This tracing system is measured the position about this address, similarly is latitude and longitude, or receives the part that this information is described as shipment.
This shipment is known by area E RP system.This this shipment information of tracing system fechtable is compatible with specific project and general data-type in the shipment table, and the report repugnancy.
One or more plan shipments can be linked to a specific transport agent.For example, part is sent to identical address and partly is sent to different addresses in several different shipments, still can be loaded on the same decometer car.System of the present invention can confirm correctly to load this truck.In addition, the traceable truck of system of the present invention or estimate its position, and response is about the inquiry of cargo location.
One specific logic shipment in fact can be dispersed to several haulage trucks.Such distribution can take place on systemic hierarchial.In this case, system tracks entity of the present invention loads and transports and the NOT logic shipment.
System of the present invention can discern this transport agent and how specify and its communication.But system of the present invention therefore response problem as: " tell the driver's of my contaminated meat name and phone number about transporting San Francisco to.”
Transportation-route
" haulage track " information of being somebody's turn to do is the information about similarly being the geographic paths of transport agents expections such as ship or truck.It can be a series of route-point (way-point), as city, highway crossing, independent highway or street name, latitude and longitude or the like.This transmission route can be provided clearly.For example, can manually import this transmission route.In addition, the appearance back is described also can calculate or infer this transmission route.One transmission route directly is applicable to a transport vehicle, and only is non-directly suitable in specific shipment.
Allocation message
One allocation message is meant that a specific project is sensed and for being used for a kind of batch part of a customized configuration in the time of an appointment, for example moves to other storage location, shipment to client or the like.This allocation message may be such form:
Time tag, batch-ID, project-ID.
The shipment numbering that this succinct message is known a project, a reader and a kind of area E RP system combines.The repeating to transmit of identical allocation message possesses highly favourable characteristic, because it can not change the state of tracing system.
Mark memory
System object of being narrated and function are only relevant with the tracking tagging items.Yet specific application program may need a certain layering and write data to a tagging items when mark is sensed.System of the present invention can write and read such flag data in any position.
System of the present invention can provide large-scale event report.For example, when specific milestone event took place, other application program can be reported by system of the present invention.For example, when a shipment arrived a client, system of the present invention can transmit a message, thereby trigger list.
3.2 stride enterprise's visibility
System of the present invention can make the project that is arranged in a supply chain have the enterprise's of striding visibility.System of the present invention can receive, stores and create the visible configuration information about project, for example moves or cross over the position of a plurality of enterprises this project when moving in a single enterprise when project.In addition, system of the present invention can receive, stores and create visible correlation information, and this correlativity interrelates project and customer order, shipping file and other business transaction.System of the present invention can receive participant or the enterprise that participant in any supply chain or enterprise receive correlativity or configuration information and this information be can be in other supply chain certainly and see.
As shown in figure 26, system of the present invention can follow the trail of project on a large scale and the access tracked information is provided.For example, the traceable project of its architecture, it is arranged in many varying environments, as factory, warehouse, retail shop and spread all over various countries or the household in the world.
The control visibility
In one example, system of the present invention can provide the visibility of control.In other words, the particular participant that a kind of subclass of project tracked information can be supplied in the chain is seen.As shown in figure 28, system of the present invention can receive authorization message, and it points out the mandate setting value about the various characteristics of project.System of the present invention can use this authorization message to make which kind of characteristic see for which enterprise with decision.For example, the licensing mode shown in Figure 28 points out that this project goal characteristic should be seen by sender, but should manufactured person not see.The visibility of control will be done more detailed discussion in following " project is followed the trail of in the access of control " title.
World's mode configuration
Figure 27 illustrates world's pattern (WM) structure that a multiple enterprises is shared.This world's pattern is a kind of structure that writes down and safeguard a relation about the project of being followed the trail of by an ITS, state and historical description.Enforceable this world's pattern is the pair of lamina structure: the upper strata WM 2710 of a higher level, and it follows the trail of the project that is positioned at a specific enterprise constantly; And the regional WM 2720 of a lower level, it follows the trail of the project that is positioned on this specific enterprise one provider location constantly.This zone VM can be contained in one and share in the ITS1403 (as shown in figure 14) and this upper strata WM and can be contained in one and share in the ITS 1404.Connect 1405 by a network, be used for an enterprise a upper strata WM can with the upper strata WM of other enterprise or the upper strata WM communication of other department of this enterprise or level.
Figure 27 describes associating or reciprocity cooperative arrangements, the wherein direct sharing information of each enterprise and other enterprise.System of the present invention also can support the arrangement of other kind.For example, Figure 29 shows a layered system or combination arrangement, and wherein the upper strata WM 2920 of each enterprise provides information to central WM 2910.Also can select to unite and layered system arrangement combination.For example, upper strata WMs 2710 one of them also can to represent the WM of these central authorities 2910 in united mode be the combination of a upper strata WMs 2920.
In Figure 27, each enterprise is described to have a single WM 2710, yet in some cases, for example for the purpose that is in great demand, can implement this upper strata WM 2710 and gather together for one of upper strata WMs 3010, as shown in figure 30.Each upper strata WM 3010 safeguards to regional WMs 2720, all the other upper strata WMs 2710 of other enterprise and the line of high-rise business applications such as ERP system.
3.3 combining closely between data communication and world's pattern
Following joint is described a kind of being used for across a plurality of nodes of Distributing Frame system and method with contact data, and this Distributing Frame is the associating framework described in Figure 29 for example.
This method provides the transmitted in both directions of 2710 of regional WMs 2720 and upper strata WMs.Project during upper strata WMs2710 can report that other WMs is relevant and follows the trail of changes the call or the price change of contaminated meat (for example for).On the contrary, regional WMs 2720 can change (for example project is set up, moved or stops) to upper strata WMs 2710 report project configuration.
For each project, specify at least one upper strata WM 2710 to be the responsible WM of this project.Generally the WM that should be responsible for is the upper strata WM of enterprise, and project is established (for example fabricator) in this enterprise.Be reported to responsible WM by any regional WM 2720 by the received any information of this associating about this project.In this mode, this WM that is responsible for safeguards a complete history of project.The reproducible WM that should be responsible for is to improve data recovery.For example, also can specify one the 2nd WM 2710 be one be responsible for this project WM, anyly receive that the information about this project is sent to two responsible WMs.
In case changing, any " important commercial " be reported to responsible WM, other non-being responsible for and the WMs that possesses about the information of this project just can remove this information freely.Therefore, any distinct area WM 2720 can be restarted by a blank WM.Yet the change of also not reported before restarting will be lost, unless these changes have been stored in the regional storage area before restarting.
The data placement path is to the WM that is responsible for
One regional WM 2720 receives the entity of a plurality of mark reading of data, and each example comprises the information that reads from a mark when a project when Area Node is detected, and this mark is attached on the project.A plurality of entities of this mark reading of data can comprise the information that reads from mark universally, and this mark is attached to a plurality of projects in a collection of shipment project.Shipment in a supply chain comprises one or more project layerings usually and is contained in (for example a shipment can comprise the tray with independent project) in this shipment.Therefore, in some cases, this zone WM 2720 can be received from the data that a shipping mark reads, and about being contained in the project (for example tray, chest and independent project) in the shipment, this zone WM 2720 also can be received from the data that its mark reads.
For each project, this zone WM 2720 reports the mark reading of data to the WM that this project is responsible for.For the WM that determines this project is responsible for, this zone WM 2720 can seek advice from a corresponding tables, the combination between this corresponding tables Maintenance Significant Items and appointment responsible node.Can use the project UID of all or any part to inquire this corresponding tables.
Each is arranged in the responsible WM that a project of loading and transporting can correspond to an appointment.The project that belongs to the different product kind can correspond to different appointments and be responsible for WMs.For each project, it can be identical on all nodes that WM is responsible in this appointment, but also each node is different.In other words, each node can safeguard its separately corresponding tables and combination in each corresponding tables can be different according to each node.
For example, in a single enterprise, working rule can determine all important commercial projects to move the report to a upper strata WM of this enterprise.This upper strata WM can be single WM or and gathers together.Reported to this upper strata WM in case should move, and can set this upper strata WM and report that to the WMs of other enterprise outside certain project moves.For example, a retailer can move to realize more effective supply chain operation to fabricator's report project.Therefore, when a finding when a retail layering is sold, this zone WM can determine the WM that is responsible for to make it become a upper strata WM in the same enterprise.Yet at upper strata WM node, this upper strata WM can determine the upper strata WM as an other enterprise about the WM that is responsible for of same finding.In a sampled situations, this far-end WM can respond the fabricator of this specific finding.In another example, this far-end WM may represent a kind of commercial combination of all finding fabricators or the like.
In some cases, a node can be set passing on and arrange the media in path as other node.For example, but a fabricator can be used for the single outside access node of all renewals from the outside identification one of enterprise.In case this is updated in this node and is received, this node can be seeked advice from the corresponding tables of its own inner responsible WM and be disperseed this renewal according to this product category.The mode that like this can a kind of enterprise outside can't see disperses to calculate and the data storing load.
Following joint is described a kind of enforcement of agreement with exchange state information between WMs.This implements to use a status exchange message with swap status data between WMs.Time tag when this message parameter comprises the current state of UID, this project of this project and state and changes at last.The recipient of status exchange responds one and confirms message, and this message is pointed out present known state and time tag.This status exchange message was indignant (resent) before affirmation is received.
Project is set up
When a project when a fabricator's (A of enterprise) provider location at first is established, this regional WM that is used for provider location (world pattern WM_AL1) receives one " foundation of project " configuration operation.WM_AL1 set up subsequently logical expressions for example an object of this project represent, and specify this object to be in " dynamic, dirty " state.
But the combination of the state service marking of an object is specified, and this sign comprises " dynamically ", " delay ", " outstanding delaying " or " dirty " sign." dynamically " is meant this object representation, and it is up-to-date version." delay " is meant that some other world's pattern has unique dynamic version." outstanding delaying " is a temporary transient appointment, is used for system and fetches correct appointment." dirty " be meant that since last this state changes in a commercial great mode after the WM report of being responsible for.
WM_AL1 reports this project foundation to the WM (WM_AP) that is responsible for subsequently.This report can be adopted the form of status exchange message.
WM_AP sets up one and is designated as " delay " section object.In the list of the use (WhereUsed) where that WM_AP is placed on this object for WM_AL1 subsequently.This list that where uses is which object which regional WM a corresponding tracking that it continues is arranged in.
WM_AP send subsequently a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_AL1.This state-exchange-and-the approval message also can comprise parent company and want the information that combines with newly-built project verification order.When receiving approval, WM_AL1 removes this " dirt " from this object and specifies.
Enterprise's great change subsequently
In case a project is established, enterprise's great change subsequently also is reported to responsible WM.The state of WM_AL1 change object transmits a status exchange message to the WM (WM_AP) that is responsible for to " dynamic, dirty ", and removing should " dirt " sign receive the approval that this variation has been recorded from WM_AP after.
Shift out this position
When WM_AL1 detected this project and is positioned at the outlet of this position, WM_AL1 was considered as enterprise major event with this situation and to the WM report of being responsible for.WM_AL1 sets this object state to " delay, dirty " and transmit a status exchange message to WM_AP.WM_AP upgrades this section object and is " delay " and transmit one and approve to WM_AL1.WM_AL1 is at the sign of receiving this this dirt of approval back removing.
Gather and the communication target information
In some cases, this project goal is known.This target can be any in same enterprise the position or for other enterprise.For example, the enterprise's file that combines with this project may comprise target information.Enterprise's fileinfo by with similarly be this quasi-tradition enterprise software system communication of ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) and obtaining.For example, company information can be relevant with particular shipment, and the O/No. of being understood by the layered system and the legacy system of the project mark that has shipment is represented.Mechanism, position, shipment address all combine with the UIDs of uniqueness, and this unique UIDs is similar to the UIDs that is assigned to physical items.For the target WM of the further notice that receives shipment can be specified in the field of shipment record clearly, or can more preferably use and be used for finding out the identical mechanism of responsible WM and calculated for a physical items.
For example, this WM arrangement path be responsible for and update mechanism can be used for commanding the further notice of shipment layered system according to following mode.Can set up a shipment target record of following a UID, its WM that is responsible for calculates the WM that receives this shipment as expection.In case the specific project mark that this loads and transports entity ground polymerization and has known this shipment, this mark layered system can be registered as a kind of change of loading and transporting target record.Any change to this record can be automatically and the WM communication of being responsible for, and it has been set as realistic objective WM.In case this entity shipment arrives this WM, it can have all label informations fully to confirm certain shipment content.
In other situation, in the system of the present invention and do not know the target of this goods.This can cause the result who is difficult to the ERP system integration.These two kinds of these total systems of situation all can be handled.
Move to other position (position AL2) in the same enterprise
If know target, where WM_AP uses in (WheteUsed) list and transmits a status exchange message to WM_AL2 for WM_AL2 is placed on this object.When this project arrived the AL2 position, state to " dynamic, dirty " and the state that transmits that WM_AL2 changes this object changed message to WM_AP.WM_AP upgrade this section object and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message.
In some cases, can't know this target in advance.When this project arrives this target location AL2, WM_AL2 set up and one have the regional object of " delay, dirty " state and transmit a state and exchange message to WM_AP.WM_AP upgrades its section object, and for WM_AL2 move its section object to " where using " list and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_AL1.
Move to other enterprise (position BL1)
If known this target, WM_AP transmits the upper strata WM (WM_BP) of a status exchange message to this target location.WM_BP response one have state-exchange-and-approve approving to WM_AP and also transmitting a status exchange message of message to WM_BL1.WM_BL1 sets up " delay " object and places it in one and enters in the list.WM_BL1 respond a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_BP.
In case this project in-position BL1, WM_BL1 change state to " dynamic, dirty " and the state that transmits of this object and change message to WM_BP.WM_BP upgrade this section object and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message.WM_BP sets up the sign of this dirt and the WM that the delivery status exchange message extremely is responsible for, its WM_AP by name subsequently.WM_AP upgrade its section object and where use list and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_BP.
This project does not arrive BL1 if know this target in advance, and WM_BL1 sets up " delay, dynamic, a dirty " object and transmits a status exchange message to WM_BP.WM_BP set up " delay, dynamic, a dirty " object and for WM_BL1 place it in where use in the list and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_BL1.WM_BP transmits a status exchange message subsequently to the WM that is responsible for, its WM_AP by name.WM_AP upgrade its section object and where use list and respond a state-exchange-and-approval message to WM_BP.
Reduce the data communication amount between WMs
In an example that substitutes, between a specific region WM and a specific responsible WM, can adjust this two WMs and make not all project or project layered system in a shipment all need to the WM report of being responsible for.Report which project can according to different WM between different.
The information that definition project layered system can be provided is to regional WM and responsible WM.For each detected project on Area Node, this zone WM can contrast each project of layered system validation of information.Yet when WM that report is responsible for, this zone WM only can be reported in the project (for example highest level) and the subsidiary one extra indication that all has been identified about all projects under this layered system of a specific level in the layered system.
Reliability when message loss or copy transmission
Since the status exchange message can heavily send automatically up to receive appoint can till, therefore " outstanding delaying " or " dirty " state is that " dynamically " or " delay " state is changed reliably.In some cases, a copy transmits and can restart the back generation from permanent storage in a for example WM.It because changing message, state carries time sign, so only just can be had an effect during morning postponing renewal that entity comes in.
Traditional mechanism such as NTP (network time agreement) or gps clock receive the clock that can be used on the synchronizing network, yet system of the present invention can operate under the situation that does not have the height clock synchronization.
The cold of system of the present invention restarts
System of the present invention can rebuild from blank regional WMs.Anyly subsequently the detection of a project is caused one " outstanding delaying " object is set up.In case seen all projects, this WM will finish.
Regular cleaning
This zone WMs can be regular requirement upgrade " outstanding delaying ", " dirty " object or the object that is not updated of a period of time.The object that is not referenced as yet can be eliminated to space memories a period of time.The WM that should be responsible for can remove or remove the standing storage object that a period of time is not referenced as yet.
This zone WMs can require to upgrade " outstanding delaying ", " dirty " object or the object that is not updated of a period of time termly.The object that is not referenced as yet can be eliminated to space memories a period of time.The WM that should be responsible for can remove or remove the standing storage object that a period of time is not referenced as yet.
3.4 in international trade according to the item recognition scheme
Below scheme described with reference to Figure 54 and be used for customs of government and handling the needed mark of information be associated with import and the system and method for tracking technique.Following application is based on and will be called as the core networked information environment ITS core, that be used for project tracker (ITS).Described ITS core provides following function support to be used to handle the current application of the information that is associated with import of goods by international boundary.
Its receives and safeguards information from the indicia reader system that is used to discern the noncontinuous item that is read by reader, and the environmental information that is intended to dispose such as project generally is provided.
Its receive and safeguard be used to specify between the project and among the information of physical relation, be included in the change in such relation, such as a project among another or on (for example, a bottle is in a chest; This chest is on supporting plate; This supporting plate is placed in the container; This container is placed on the ship).
Its receive and safeguard with extend type, and project associated attributes information, make to use the application of described core can be to increasing new kinds of information, and do not need any reprogramming of described core about information project, that safeguard by described core.
It passes the enterprise border information such as the general addressable form of self-described XML (extendible SGML) document form is provided.
Described ITS core provide, receive and safeguard be used to specify between the project and among the information of logical relation, more generally be between logic and the physical item and among the information of logical relation.For example: ITS receives the information about the transportation of plan, and described information is specified
(a) outlet source factory,
(b) destination recipient,
(c) the export agent mechanism of Fu Zeing,
(d) have specific products unique mark identifier, that want import tabulation and
(e) for unique reference of the specific custom regulations that are used for every kind of project.
(c e) is taken as physical item to described logic project for a, b, and has specific input item in ITS.The logical relation between physics and the logic project is set up and be maintained in to the information of ITS use input.This makes and can for example carry out any reading by the customs officer at the port of entry for the physical item mark that loads and transports, so that relevant with claim with corresponding shipping file immediately custom regulations are associated.Similarly, can cause producing the tabulation of this shipment project (or a plurality of shipment project) at once to any reference of any importer.The logic project structure comprises the relation with supporting plate, container, vehicle and other packings, storage or delivery unit.The position of ship can be updated termly, and the plan of therefore having provided enters the actual conditions of position of the goods at certain harbour.Therefore, when a turn round, customs can know that transporting of goods accurately and they and keeping are historical, and does not need to consult paper document.This information can be used to dispatch suitable personnel, focus on suspicious importer, and supports customs's operation in addition.
ITS safeguards all history that move by the project of indicia reader and the report of other information sources.This information can be used for supervision and the statistics purpose of itself by agency of customs.
This information is for importer, carrier and other need follow the tracks of their shipping current location and its other party of deployment also is of great value.
In the implementation that will illustrate, ePC comprises the project-ID of displacement and the extend type that project category is used as EAN (European Article Number (EAN)) or UPC (Universial Product Code) information.And PML (physical mark-up language) file is used to comprise the physics description of a project.
The ITS core is a kind of opening, highly upgradeable, real-time asset tracking foundation structure, it from the foundation structure of the project uniquely tagged of networking to enterprise uses, collect, integrated and distribute real-time assets information.This foundation structure is to use suitable label reader to set up, and these readers are connected in the one or more ITS system by network.Therefore, these projects that are labeled move when can work as each described project and being labeled reader and reporting tracked from a middle position in real time.Tangible and the invisible project that is marked at enterprise and all unique identification-the be called as smart items of networking-and hold and manage between their risk bearer and set up two-way communication path.Some marks can be intelligent, therefore produce smart items.Smart items and machine have the mark that comprises any information that writes to mark with the communication terminal user.
Except the business information that is written to a mark-such as its ePC, PML, size, weight, price, guarantee period, history-, mark also comprises management and customs information, such as restriction of import, storage rules, the hazardous material management information of product-level rule and regulation, tax and tariff information, the trade agreement rule that is updated, preferential treatment rules, the tariff complete list of one or more countries, one or more countries, handled transportation rapidly and realized needed any other information of target of modernization by customs.
ITS has about the information of position, state, customs's treatment state and other information about handling by all tagging items of system.This information can directly be provided from ITS or by existing and new should being used for of collecting data from ITS.Because the ITS core be open, general, use unknowable and independently, therefore it can handle a large amount of incident that customs's expectation is handled, wherein singly just have more than 20 at U.S.'s per second, 000,000 incident, and need not bear described core enterprise software systems such as core enterprise's software systems of traditional supply chain management and logistic system.ITS follows the tracks of extremely a large amount of noncontinuous item and delivery unit, and traditional supply-chain management system mostly just relates to the tracking quantity of project.For example, ITS can follow the tracks of 20,000 independent cameras, and traditional supply-chain management system is regarded this as single entry.
ITS core described herein and application provide some key function:
Detailed item types specifying information from customs to source manufacturer and importer;
About the safety of project, through checking, communicating by letter of (supporting plate and project grade, sequence number relevant) in detail, from of the plan transportation of source manufacturer to customs;
For goods from the starting point to the port of entry with and outside tracking robotization, no paper spare;
At each supporting plate or project merchant's mark the movement plan of draft report is attached directly on the goods of actual import and does not need to consult paper document;
When being implemented widely, based on the networking example of the system of ITS core following real-time view can be shown: the plan customs treatment of consulting in advance of the position of the store of goods in the world commerce system, the port of entry of plan, those detailed programs.
Can be used as the real-time asset data storage vault of networking based on the system of customs of ITS core, the outside risk bearer who is used for national trade and mechanism of customs, PGA (government organs of participation) and authorizes is such as importer and exporter, trade promotion person, foreign PGA, transportation and logistics service person, retailer and manufacturer.
Because the ITS core is to use unknowable and open network system, so its data can be by the spitting image of any enterprise applied environment utilization of database with seamlessly be integrated in any enterprise applied environment the spitting image of database.The real-time asset data of described multidimensional can be used for multiple operation and analyze purposes by any application, such as supply chain management, client and supplier relationship management, product life cycle management, Financial Management, human resource management, safety and enterprise intelligent, some have only been provided here.Asset data is a multidimensional in real time, and it can have many components.For example, ITS can follow the tracks of the position, the logic state such as " check and ratify ", responsible forwarding agent, the destination of plan of relative position in container of time of moving a project, project, container etc.
The ITS core can be used for the network environment of main frame, client-server and distribution with one or more examples of the application of being supported, and can be deployed as local dedicated network and global cooperation network, the spitting image of the Internet that uses today.The terminal user can visit the ITS data by a plurality of contacts, and described contact is included in desk-top enterprise inlet in the dedicated network, the Internet, the phone connection of directly encrypting, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), moving device and is connected with voice by phone.
Figure 54 illustrates and is relating to the import of goods of the U.S. with by United Stares Customs Service and other mechanisms and commercial department-usually be called enterprise-to a plurality of levels of the robotization ITS information flow under the situation of the use of ITS information at this.
In Figure 54, represent enterprise or enterprise's group with rectangle frame.Represent their local ITS sources separately with additional oval frame, and represent information flow that the numbering in this accompanying drawing is corresponding to below for the numbering of the title in a plurality of grades the explanation of described situation by the arrow of numbering.The local ITS resource of each enterprise can be ITS core and one or more examples of supporting application, and ITS core and support are used and constituted local ITS network together.Only illustrate single and a plurality of networks to simplify this accompanying drawing.Described situation corresponding to Figure 54 is carried out as follows:
5401：
Retailer/terminal user places an order to international manufacturer or supplier, and appointed product classification, quantity, price and duration of the contract etc.
5402：
Manufacturer produces product according to retailer/terminal user's specification, distributes and writes ePC and PML file (PML) to the project uniquely tagged of each product, and provide this information to ITS.(perhaps, if described mark does not have desired memory capacity, then described PML and other information outside ePC can only be recorded in the ITS data warehouse.)
Manufacturer writes relevant business data to the mark of each product, such as price, guarantee period, date of manufacture, product category, weight, size, manufacturer, traffic condition and rules etc.; Cloth tagging on the packing of a suitable goods of level (chest, supporting plate, crate, bucket etc.) and cask; With the item id that is provided for described goods.Under any circumstance, all this information are provided to ITS, so that it is visible for every kind of application can using described information.Storage on mark be customs officer and hold other people of hand-held reader for convenience, they are not for the access way that makes things convenient for to the network connection of ITS website.
Manufacturer's sealing goods, and confirm that goods is labeled and the information on mark is identical with the project of planning transportation, upload data to United Stares Customs Service's ITS network central and cooperation.Simultaneously, manufacturer sends ordering information to choose and to deliver to whole world transportation and logistics service.At last, manufacturer notifies the state of goods in real time to the retailer.
5403：
United Stares Customs Service sends tariff, privilege and storage rules, import rule and regulation and other the related administrative information of upgrading from trend PGA, whole world transportation and administrative services division.
5404：
Whole world transportation/administrative services division to ITS and to mark-with mark to the degree of this support-write the management and the tax information of United Stares Customs Service automatically, and to the management and the tax information that on the suitable cargo compartment goods level, that be associated with the product that betransported, supporting plate, crate etc., write United Stares Customs Service automatically.Described whole world transportation/logistics service part is organized into groups with regulation and the classification goods according to the standard of ePC and the U.S. and douane then.Product and goods be by in batches and be arranged on the suitable level, and be assigned to the means of transport (truck, ship, aircraft, car etc.) of supporting plate, chest, crate and deliver goods.
Goods information is sent to suitable this locality/foreign PGA and customs; This information generally comprises means of transport identifying information, import/management information, weight, possible danger, manufacturer, ePC, volume etc.; Data are assigned to the project/chest/crate that betransported.Customs's intelligence that the goods identifying information can be uploaded to delivery vehicles GPS (HA Global Positioning Satellite) and can be used for electronics clearance goods perhaps can be so that they can obtain by (automobile intelligent that is similar to toll road passes through) system.If necessary, whole world transportation/administrative services division provides position, state and the environmental information of handled all goods in real time to the U.S. and local customs, U.S. middle man, importer and administrative services division, manufacturer and retailer.Transport then, and administrative services division uploads the time of arrival of cargo location and estimation to douane and PGA.
5405：
PGA/ customs of foreign country provides real-time Transportation Notice in advance to all approved risk bearers, to haulage time, position and the date that United Stares Customs Service confirms and record is gone out.PGA/ customs of foreign country guarantees automatically that also described goods meets up-to-date export requirement on product and transportation classification, industry and transporting position.Notify described transportation to suitable substance P GA and private risk bearer.PGA/ customs of foreign country guarantees that also described transportation is up-to-date for all outlet regulation and requirement, and suitable substance P GA monitors transportation in due course.
At last, foreign PGA/ customs sends transportation storage and processing instruction to suitable transportation harbour and agency.
5406：
Douane agency/harbour guarantees the proxy construction that described Transportation Notice is suitable, and has suitable agency when transporting.Needed special processing of concrete goods and storage instruction are passed on by foreign country and U.S. agency.
5407：
At United Stares Customs Service agency/harbour, the behavior below taking place.The goods of the transportation/administrative services division that is fit to when entering harbour/in-position, border by the Noninvasive reading system autoscan of this locality.The non-invasive marker reader confirms that automatically the product that is received is identical according to the product of ePC and PML identification and transportation with manufacturer.Also confirm for all management and the meeting of security information of being written in the original tally.If described transportation is wrong or fraudulent, then local agent mechanism to be warned to carry out the people be procuratorial work, and take suitable preservation behavior.To suitable agency and the transportation of PGA notice, and when transporting, there are suitable agency and PGA.United Stares Customs Service agency/harbour can guarantee automatically that also described transportation meets all current tariffs, preferential treatment, memory requirement, restriction, regulation etc.The notified goods that enters of United Stares Customs Service, and be provided real-time transit information with the form that United Stares Customs Service adds up needed product category, price, volume, industry etc.Suitable and correct tariff and tax are collected automatically and are kept accounts.All relevant transit informations are sent to U.S.'s middle man/importer.Some marks may the transmission of branch journey and the composition (for example, tire only comprises tire material, rather than medicine or smuggled goods) of the project that betransported of affirmation.
5408：
Middle man/importer confirms to collect correct tariff automatically, and to local administrative services division and United Stares Customs Service's notice travel position and time limit.Middle man/importer guarantees that also described transportation is correct and meets the retailer and in manufacturer transportation time limit and condition.
5409：
Local transportation/administrative services division notifies travel position and position to United Stares Customs Service, and provides described goods to retailer/terminal user.
5410：
Retailer/terminal user can sign in on the ITS of United Stares Customs Service at any time, or visits another system that can visit from the status information of the ITS of customs, so that discern accurate travel position, situation and position.At last, retailer/terminal user confirms correct goods, notice manufacturer, and carry out payment automatically; And according to confirm transportation and label information from the transportation file of manufacturer, transporter and customs.
Provide following benefit with reference to described situation of Figure 54 and system above.
1. trade and economic growth
Can by use Noninvasive, realize that based on checking of mark and procuratorial work real-time and seamless customs handles.Can improve the level that meets of transportation and tariff.Real-time maximization commercial processes and asset tracking network are provided and are integrated with risk and safety management system by PGA and private risk bearer.Realized the public-special-purpose cooperation of networking and for the automatic assurance of the trade usage of justice.Can manage and force International trade agreement automatically.Improve preventing substantially by the unique warning of project for predatory and inequitable trade usage with labelling technique intelligence and anti-deception.Make and take in the fiscal administration robotization that collection is associated by automatic tariff application and renewal.
2. security boundary
Being embedded in smart card in the passport or mark, travel tickets, driving license or other forms of country and international identification by use to discern and tackled high risk traveller automatically before arriving.Can dispose the personal identification system of Noninvasive by the global flag reader.Can realize for hazardous material, weapon and military supplies transportation in advance with real-time knowing.Can improvement and private industry and PGA about the exchange of the information of the responsive or controlled goods of export and import.
3. the smuggling of narcotics is peddled
Transportation that can be by using the excessive risk goods and product remote measurement (state, temperature, chemical constitution etc.) realize for possible narcotics transportation automatically, the identification of Noninvasive.Can obtain about from excessive risk transporter who is identified or country, the real time data of narcotics goods that be identified or possible, making thus can better the PGA notice, cooperation and resources allocation.Can realize disposing mark with robotization ground in advance, improve technology and the blocking-up instrument of setting the goal to the delivery vehicle that is identified.
4. crime finance
A kind of Noninvasive investigation foundation structure can be followed the tracks of automatic transportation payment, with the transport price and the time limit coupling of the Zhi Fuyu reality of reality.Can discern falseness or wrong transportation payment, possible real-time destruction crime banking operation automatically.The several countries that comprise European Union are considering to embed mark in the banknote of reality, make it possible to follow the tracks of in real time the transportation of buckets of cash.
5. public protection
Can realize reducing substantially management in advance and real-time follow-up for the possible danger that causes by forbidden or illegal commodity, harmful and/or life-threatening situation and improvement.Embargo and the sanction of the U.S. can be forced in real time automatically, the import of the goods of duplicity and/or forgery can be realized reducing substantially by automatic and real-time transportation identification and affirmation system for some industry, tissue and/or country of foreign country.Can check technology such as the Noninvasive of the big fluffy lorry of x ray, radio frequency and microwave airport security system by making, can read mark selected and expand and maximize them.Label information can be used for that multimedia asset is followed the tracks of, be associated based on the image recognition technology of Video Detection.
6. management audit ability
Can optimize the distribution of agency according to the transportation of expection, the characteristic (hazardous material, perishable goods, the place of production etc.) of goods, guarantee thus can obtain correct agency in correct time, correct position, transportation correctly.By more reliable and rapidly transit information can improve the auditability at agency and harbour.Can follow the tracks of real-time, automatically and accurately finance data, statistics of export, resource and the assets that are used for each private and public risk bearer.Can upgrade and finish year automatically with the state and the audit report of centre.Can realize the suggested design of GAO (United States General Accounting Office) automatically for all PGA and risk bearer.Can realize that real-time border condition knows by following content: by real-time import export information, product category, industry, manufacturer, the geography of UPC; United Stares Customs Service's information of the clearing of the real-time U.S., the Congressional Budget Office and the Ministry of Finance that payment is upgraded; Whole history of checking, transportation etc.; And, can share improved service quality-automatic tariff, the renewal of regulations, statistical information by private and public risk bearer.
Except above-mentioned advantage, can realize following cost savings: the data input redundance that good or intimate good data precision and essence reduce, the no paper spare of the goods that meets for all marks is handled; Reduced the people for checking agency of needed customs; Improved the processing cycle times of using by automatic goods identification and tariff substantially; The access times of the production testing troop of all manufacturers that meet Mk system have been reduced; Automatically the transportation of identification deception/forgery, for the improved IPR (intellecture property) of underlined goods detain; Reduce the tariff error, guaranteed to collect correct tariff; Tariff/customs and trade dispute have been reduced; Improved the resource optimization of customs information; The automatic transportation affirmation/status information of sharing with importer/exporter---make forwarder save expense; PGA is tracked and as the investigation and live collaboration prosecution, that improve of the assets of target for all; Improve the Noninvasive technology of checking that is used for the goods that all marks meet substantially and carried out the quantity that goods is conducted a compulsory examination.
Customs also can realize increasing income by using such system in the following manner: meet with all current trade agreements and be used for the income of underlined goods collect consistent automatic trade; Less boundary penetration and smuggling; Improved the tariff collection; Improved existing qos for higher and/or new service fee; Increased the detaining of goods of crime assets, theft and forgery; Enable service of future generation, such as the real-time trade and the clearing of the payment information that can be sold to private company and other government organs.
3.5 project alternative
Following joint explanation project alternative
When setting up a project, following scheme takes place.This project is manufactured to be combined with a specific project ID subsequently.Along with this project moves from manufacturing industry, it enters the tracing system that is positioned at first reader.The steps include: that (1) set up configuration and point out the item attribute that " new projects " and all are wanted; And (2) set up one batch of ID in conjunction with reader and configuration.System of the present invention sees a series of allocation message, and this allocation message is processed to set up the system data about new projects.
When this project is passed in the warehouse, following scheme can take place.Before transmitting, this warehouseman indicates system of the present invention to have the schedules operations of this project.If this reader bit went up or entering in the door of a caboose in the reader bit of a fixing position and very clear and definite about the position of expection-for example on the conveying belt of a storeroom-all these information could not occur.This step is: (1) is set up configuration and is pointed out " configuration-position change " and position.(2) set up one batch of ID in conjunction with reader and configuration.System of the present invention sees the allocation message that a succession of display position changes.
Following scheme can take place when the shipment project.Usually, this area E RP or logistics system have an inlet, and it illustrates a specific list of project kind and should be shipped to and is positioned at the quantity to the particular customer that sets the goal.This client may be oneself.System of the present invention can provide following identification and affirmation ability: the specific project that (1) identification will be loaded and transported.(2) confirm in fact relevant all items kind and specified quantity with shipment.For example, contrast inner ERP system and confirm shipment and packaging process.(3) discern the shipment that all plans are set out on a specific transport agent, for example this shipment will be loaded on the specific truck.(4) confirm that all projects positively are loaded on the correct transport agent.
In transmittance process, estimate or the actual position of this transport agent of System Reports of the present invention.In more complicated scheme, goods can be resell in shipment and be changed direction.The correct project of system validation of the present invention is unloaded on each target ground.System of the present invention optionally allows RFID to transmit and trigger list with proof in the transportation induction on target ground.System of the present invention can optionally capture passing time and upgrade the estimation of internal delivery time for dynamic shipment.
Use these fundamental types, store certainly between shipment and can carry out following steps.The one plan shipment of area E RP System Reports is to an area I TS.The storeroom personnel use a system application with: in list, select shipment ID; Select joining to select and putting kind of shipment; Identified region reader ID; And the unique batch ID of manufacturing.These personnel use existing program with taking-up project in storeroom and utilize reader that they are passed through.The following column format of this reader transmits a series of allocation message to system of the present invention:
Time tag batch-ID project-ID.
These personnel point out batch to finish on system application.System application of the present invention can be pointed out any difference immediately, for example omits project or redundant project.Can utilize to reverse to dispose and repair these differences partly.
Use these fundamental types, be shipped to certainly between transportation and can carry out following steps.This shipment personnel use system of the present invention will be loaded into (as a truck) on the specific transport agent to confirm a particular shipment (system is known).This operation combines a particular reader (being positioned at the loading area of truck) with a carrier, and combines with an assembling fortune indirectly.Its result is one batch-ID.The following column format of this reader transmits a series of allocation message to system of the present invention:
Time tag batch-ID project-ID.
These personnel point out batch to finish on system application.System application of the present invention can be pointed out any difference immediately, as omission project or redundant project.All set that should be loaded the shipment on the truck are so far known by system of the present invention.Can utilize to reverse to dispose and repair these differences partly.The arrival system shows about any inquiry of any specific project that this project is positioned on this truck and specifies the part of loading ID for one known to the area E RP system.Therefore, if a project drops on a truck, all messages from system and area E RP system all can be found.
Use these fundamental types, be transported to certainly between reception and can carry out following steps.This truck sails the loading area that is positioned at one of them Point Of Shipment into.System of the present invention will combine with a known system position about the destination address of transporting of any known transportation.Stop system application of the present invention and sell the predetermined shipment set of transporting of chief commander and inform this personnel of this reception staff.This shipment personnel import the ID of this truck and are given the inventory of a relevant shipment.If the drawing head of traction-type truck on the way is replaced, this driver's portability one transports specifies even a mark, to discern this shipment clearly.These personnel use the identical transportation data object that is used by original shipment personnel at last.But a plurality of sources lade is to identical truck.
System application of the present invention knows clearly which project should unload on truck, even relate to a plurality of shipments.This configuration categories is designated as " in the precalculated position unloading ".This result is one batch of ID.The following column format of this reader transmits a series of allocation message to system of the present invention:
Time tag batch-ID project-ID
These personnel point out batch to finish on system application.System of the present invention can distinguish in real time redundant raw material whether still stay on the truck by a part unloaded or not shipment.
At last, system of the present invention knows that this shipment is transported, and can trigger an inventory message.
The reliability subject under discussion
All messages are transmitted, but it may occur in any order and some may be by playback.System of the present invention can hold the playback of the fault and the possible accumulation message of a plurality of computing machines in the system of the present invention.For example, a series of every computing machine can be accumulated one group of message and be recorded to disk.When the system of a upstream breaks down and reopened, it can require playback prior message or playback to seem local storage and the message that do not transmit.
System of the present invention can avoid incident playback at random.For example, system of the present invention can meet with following situation:
Time tag-1 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
Time tag-2 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
This is a simple repetition in proper order and may be filtered in minimum layering usually, but may be sent to system of the present invention.
Secondly, an operator may find that mobile project X is a mistake, and imports one and cancel:
Time tag-3 is cancelled project X
Some part of system of the present invention may break down subsequently, produces following playback:
Time tag-2 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
If this is cancelled not by playback, perhaps because system's some aspect of fault how, system of the present invention will see:
Time tag-1 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
Time tag-3 is cancelled project X (batch B1)
Time tag-2 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
Yet correct being interpreted as do not have moving of project X.In order to obtain such explanation, make this cancel (sticky)-for example into viscous, cancel accumulated and after each belongs to one given batch no playback incident effectively by playback.
Possess one and disperse clock (+/-several milliseconds in) accurately, the time tag of each configuration of system log (SYSLOG) of the present invention and each project-comprise and cancelling.System of the present invention can ignore than the also late allocation message of the up-to-date message of receiving, produces correct result in the order of formerly describing.Yet the method does not always produce correct result.
For example, suppose that this incident and time corresponding sign are as follows:
Project X is moved:
Time tag-1 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
Project X moves once more:
Time tag-2 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B2.
The operator thinks that the mobile of project X2 is wrong:
Time tag-3 is cancelled project X (batch B2)
The system failure of the present invention or other incident cause upset, so system of the present invention sees:
Time tag-2 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B2.
Time tag-3 is cancelled project X (batch B2)
Time tag-1 project X is read and is reported as the part of batch B1.
Ignoring except receiving more recently about this purpose message also wants the such simple algorithm of all messages the new message to mean that this batch B1 message will be ignored by system of the present invention and this batch B2 message can be ignored by (correctly).Yet system of the present invention can think that project X is positioned at than the state before the B1, but this is not right.A kind of in the window arrangement and handle all messages subsequently in regular turn for the time of the more significance arithmetic method of system between return period according to the time tag of message message self-healing that all are available.
3.6 information extraction scheme
Can implement system of the present invention and inquire interface, or can finish, perhaps finish jointly by above-mentioned dual mode by the system of combination so that a human level to be provided.
No matter implement in where, the example of inquiry and about the inquiry interface some function with as described below.
The most basic inquiry is: is a specific project wherein? for example: is this bottle medicine wherein? this inquiry is to use the tradition inquiry to build the technology of putting cheaply and easily to implement.This technology also can provide an inquiry to build the mechanism of putting, and its selection determiner that allows to influence each other similarly is that PROJECT TIME, fabricator or the like are to separate a noncontinuous item.Meaning i.e. this user may not known real item id, and may must inquire system of the present invention make and be transported to the medicine in a certain pharmacy or the like in sometime to discern.
Is the another one inquiry is: where the project of a particular types positioned at? for example: is all D-cell battery in the world wherein? many project-types about the D-cell battery (eUPCs), a plurality of fabricator, number of chemical kind, packing or the like are perhaps arranged.One rational interface allows to set up a kind of inquiry that comprises a plurality of kinds.
Other inquiry is: is the project in a specific geographical space wherein? for example: wherein apart from all the dimension D batteries in 100 miles of the Seattles? or: is the project in a given shipment scope wherein? for example: wherein apart from all the dimension D batteries within the Seattle four hours? can at first build and put a kind of expection delay of shipment list, just can support these inquiries from different geographic position to Seattle.Because this complicated geography of definition, project just can be looked for by system of the present invention in this geography list.
System of the present invention for example also can support inquiry: are all projects with particular community wherein? for example: are all medicine bottles that surpass 2 years (current date-build date) wherein? is the radiation tire that all Firestone made between on January 1, January 1 to calendar year 2001 in 2000 wherein? how long is the average storeroom stand-by period of this project-type? how long can the dimension D battery be put in storeroom before being sent to a retail point? how long can the dimension D battery be put on vending rack?
Can implement system of the present invention so that various statistics options to be provided, mean value calculation, standard deviation, sales volume, minimum value and maximal value for example are provided.Therefore, system of the present invention for example can support inquiry: how long is the average time of shipment from position X to position Y? will for example: the product that Acme is made is transported to time of Seattle from Chicago be how long?
For the implementation strategy that advances the rank inquiry
One total system is by adding that extra application software forms uniting of implementing of ITS, what this ITS implemented unites in contact each other, and this application software comprises the application program of a geographical space, and it can utilize and scan passive marker simply and collect the data of coming with prediction term destination locations dynamically and answer complicated inquiry.These inquiries perhaps need the location tracking technology of more costlinesses for each project.
Does the example that advances rank inquiries comprise: can use common shipment mode transported the Seattle in four hours Duracell battery wherein? all roads by the Colorado have been closed, may which shipment be affected? is the expectation current location of the shipment of all rubbing beef wherein?
The inquiry relevant with the delay of shipment
System of the present invention knows when a shipment is loaded on the truck, the destination of shipment and when unloading from shipment when arriving the destination.Therefore system of the present invention can write down and occur charging in the daily record about the pairing of all starting positions and end position and with it in the system.The accumulation of these data allows the statistics of system-computed time of shipment of the present invention, for example mean value, pattern, standard deviation, maximal value, minimum value or the like.Is therefore, time-based inquiry possible, for example: can use common shipment mode transported the Seattle in four hours Duracell battery wherein?
Several possible methods are arranged with the inquiry of the response delay of shipment.For example, its step is as follows in first method: (1) discerns all project-types that correspond to the Duracell battery.(2) certain has Duracell battery stock's position based on (for example Canada and the U.S.) in the maximum geographic range of all storage Duracell battery locations of project-type identification.(3) discern all have received the Duracell battery in the past in the statistical regions of Seattle destination, this is operating as simple geographical search the based on Seattle, battery project kind and accumulated history.(4) based on from the destination of step 3 list, find out the average time of shipment that all enter this destination.(5) find out the point of crossing of the available storage location of the starting position of step 4 and step 2.(6) be that the basis is put in order with the starting position/target location in the step 5/average retardation record with the delay.Select those average retardations to reach the position of the standard that is equal to or less than four hours.(7) step 6 gives this problem answers; Result's position can go out on the current map.(8) other message, for example loading and transporting cost can optimized choice, therefore for example, the minimum shipment cost source that system answer of the present invention is possible.
The starting position that the method is only considered to be used in the past is to load and transport to the Seattle.This search can be extended to checks the historical shipment of associating part, and wherein all the delay of expection is in certain TL, and the sum total of this part does not surpass specific target.
Though also can adjust easily said method with the most cheap source of battery that seek to supply with the Seattle time of shipment.
First method is discerned this delay of shipment and is looked for possible goods source based on the history shipment of battery.Second method is used commercial available arrangement path design software and service.These solutions of having set up are estimated an optimization path and the driving time (or other transportation) between the U.S. or other domestic any two positions of country.Use these technology to be the basis, can use following step to answer inquiry: (1) discerns all project-types that correspond to the Duracell battery.(2) certain has Duracell battery stock's position based on (for example Canada and the U.S.) in the maximum geographic range of all storage Duracell battery locations of project-type identification.(3) use the arrangement path design software, set up and a kind ofly have the driving timetable of battery stock's position to Seattle from each.(4) put this form and discern those and drive the inventory locations of time in four hours from the Seattle in order.
Second method is discerned possibility but seldom actual shipment path of using.For example, because tax and other factors, Duracell company may never load and transport to the U.S. from Canada.Above-mentioned method may show that the source the fastest from the Seattle is Vancouver.Whether adopt this source to belong to commercial choice.
The inquiry of shipment obstacle
The source and the destination of all current shipments known by system of the present invention.The start time of each shipment is also known and about average shipping time of every pair of starting position and end position by system of the present invention.Therefore, its can answer the inquiry similarly be: all roads through the state of Colorado have been closed.May which shipment be affected?
Several possible methods are arranged to answer the inquiry of shipment obstacle.For example, first method as shown in figure 21, its step can be as follows: (1) identification route damages the geographic area of (travel disruption), for example state of Colorado.(2) discern all current shipments and those and plan shipment certain favourable period.(3) carry out following steps for each shipment: the border chest (bounding box) 2120 that (a) forms this starting position 2130 and end position 2140.(b) determine this border chest intersection or overlapping.(c) if they intersect by any way, just think and have potential breaking-up.As described later, even without intersecting or subordinate (depending), for example in highway, mountain, water route or the like, still may have breaking-up.Referring to following.
The method provides according to basic and general potential breaking-up indication.A kind of clearer and more definite indication can be by watching straight line path 730 and form to end position from the starting position.If damaging therewith, route now intersects, just stronger potential damage indication is arranged.
Utilize Figure 22 illustrate one second and clearer and more definite method in, have the idea of a transportation route.
In the second approach, use step 1 in the first method to 5 to point out that route damages 810 and whether may influence specific shipment.If damaging with route, the border chest intersects, just the details of the haulage track in the inspection program, for example by considering road point 2220.If path and route damage crossing at right angle in the works, just tangible breaking-up potential.This figure explanation is when the route breaking-up stops straight line path, and it does not stop Planned Route 810 veritably.
Utilize Figure 23 to illustrate and in the third method, can provide more detailed path.Can be by the local immediate access in each path, by street name or by using path planning software so that these paths to be provided.These detailed information allow to detect more accurately the breaking-up of setting up road that influences the carrier transportation.The steps include: that (1) decision is positioned at the highway or the road route partly that are blocked and damages 2310.(2) the time find all transportation routes 2320 in the window for all shipments.(3) this path is damaged road part and this intended path pairing.In its part that matches, this indication path is with destroyed.
Real time position is represented and is inquired
One real time position system (RTLS) can provide price constantly to follow the trail of.This tracking utilizes one may finish by very expensive transponder usually.System of the present invention can obtain the project of carrying inexpensive passive RFID mark and provide a RTLS near ability (approximate capability).
The method that therefore, two kinds of basic answer location interrogation are arranged.In first method, this transportation system (for example truck, ship, aircraft etc.) has a RTLS.The real time position of all transportation systems all is monitored, and system of the present invention combines a specific project with this transportation, therefore combines with this position.In the second approach, the current location that reads the collected information of passive marker from the fixed position and be used for rough valuation items about the information of predetermined shipment.The method is more cheap and transportation many benefits of RTLS and without any need for the RTLS architecture are provided.Its also can with the common operation of third party's shipper.
If have the RTLS ability in this transportation, this formal shipment combines a shipment with a Transportation Model.If should transportation itself be a kind of object that is labeled, as have the truck of a RTLS kenel mark, the definite position of this shipment be known by system of the present invention when nearest RTLS upgrades.
The example of one location interrogation is: the estimation current location that shows the shipment of all rubbing beef.This RTLS method is according to the following step: the project-type of the rubbing beef shipment that (1) inquiry is desired to know.(2) find all current shipments of this project-type.(3) discern the transport agent that each shipment is used.(4) by finding nearest RTLS to upgrade to find out the position of transportation tagged object about this mark.(5) show current geographic position with for example latitude and longitude.
Though there is not the RTLS ability, system of the present invention knows when this shipment is loaded the destination of a truck, shipment and when finished this shipment of unloading in this destination.Therefore system of the present invention can write down and be shown in this kind in the system of the present invention about the information of every pair of starting position and end position and charge in the daily record.Intermediate value or mean value, time of shipment can calculate subsequently in system of the present invention.This information allows the current location of system estimation one shipment of the present invention, and can at random attach degree of confidence scope (confidencerange).
The method uses following steps to respond this inquiry example (the estimation current location that shows the shipment of all rubbing beef): the project-type of the rubbing beef shipment that (1) inquiry is desired to know.(2) find out the average time of shipment of these shipments based on the history in past.(3) find out current shipment all about this kind project-type.(4) transport comparison start-of-record time, current time and average shipping time for each.The ratio that this quantity survey the trip is finished.
Available several different modes estimations also show this current location.
Use Figure 24 explanation in this straight line method, utilize from the starting position straight line path to estimate whole strokes that transports generally to end position.By calculating the estimation ratio 2410 that the trip finishes and supposing a straight line path, can estimate the position 2420 of this shipment.The method does not correspond to the road and the highway of real world, but it gives a kind of acceptable rough estimation with respect to the cargo location of destination.
In another method shown in Figure 25, set up a kind of detailed path, as described above for each shipment.The method can provide the detailed sequence of for example a kind of route part 2510-2518, and it can emphasize out on a map.Route planning software can be estimated the elapsed time of specified point to any route.For example in Figure 25, estimate and illustrate the expectation driving time of each exchange spot of arrival.Based on the understanding for the actual start time, system of the present invention can estimate a current location of transporting carrier in the level that is positioned at the ad-hoc location on the specified link.The method is particularly useful for the influence that determines a known transportation obstacle to be caused, as a bridge of closing.
4. the data transfer between item tracking system and indicia reader
Following chapters and sections will be described the enforcement of system of the present invention, and it inserts hardware and software between indicia reader and ITS.The hardware that inserts and the function of software also can be selected to be integrated among this ITS, for example are the part of this OIC 104 among Fig. 1.
4.1 incident router
A kind of enforcement of system of the present invention uses one or more incident routers to pass on information between this ITS and this indicia reader.Incident is by the message to another software entity from a software entity.Can use incident with the generation of notification event recipient, or transmit an inquiry to this recipient about something.Can use an incident router with in several inter-entity dispense event.The example of spendable incident router comprises the KnowNow based on theme
The incident router, its KnowNow company that can be positioned at the Mountain View of California certainly obtains; Perhaps be the Elvin message service based on content, it can obtain from the Distributed Systems on queen island, Australia Technology Center.Should be to theme as the basis and also can merge use based on the incident router of content.
For illustrative purposes, will be used for a specific stock control scheme with it and describe system of the present invention.
Figure 36 describes the retail location about item tracking system (ITS), and this item tracking system is used for the part as an inventory management system.This retail location is a shop.This shop has the stock who comprises tagging items.When this shop is brought or shifted out to tagging items into, can be detected by a supervisory system 3610.
This detection system 3610 comprises a plurality of indicia readers that place one or more positions, shop.This supervisory system 3610 also comprises the storer that stores the current state of each project among the stock.This state points out whether this project is present in an ad-hoc location or has removed from this position.This supervisory system 3610 also comprises computer logic, and it determines the state timing changing of this project, for example works as this project and is added into or shifts out this ad-hoc location.
Whenever its state that detects a project changes, can further adjust this logic to transmit a renewal.This stock upgrades the form that can take a kind of incident.This incident comprises the ePC of this project, the ePC and the time sign of this indicia reader.This incident also can comprise into/go out parameter, actually or its adding of pointing out this change one project removes.
In one implemented, this supervisory system 3610 comprised one or more intelligent commodity shelfs (smartshelves).Intelligent commodity shelf is a kind of shelf, and it can be reported when physical items is added into or shifts out these shelf.One intelligent commodity shelf comprises several indicia readers that is positioned over position on one or more shelf.One intelligent commodity shelf also comprises computer logic to determine this project and be added into or to shift out the stock actually.
One ITS 3620 belongs to a plurality of project maintenance tracked information of storage vault credit balance purpose in order to comprise.Whenever project enters or leave this shop, this ITS receives incidents and upgrades its data storing with the reaction incident from this supervisory system 3610.
One library programming instrument 3640-, one computer program solution-usually by a regular schedules operations to carry out the stock control function.In the shop relevant with this shop, whether this library programming instrument 3640 will replenish this shop stock from these ITS 3620 acquisition inventory datas and decision.This library programming instrument 3640 can receive caution from an early stage caution Agent (EWA) 3630, just can make this library programming instrument carry out at least some minimum stock control functions relevant with this shop outside its normal periodic plan table.Especially, this EWA 3630 can send a caution to this library programming instrument 3640 so that whether its decision replenishes the stock that the shop needs.Whenever this project enters or leave this shop, even optionally when its certain a part of migration other parts from this shop, this EWA self-monitoring system 3610 receives an incident.The information that use receives in these incidents, when this EWA decision is sent and is warned to library programming instrument 3640.
Early stage caution Agent
This EWA 3630 comprises the logic that is used to determine when to send a caution.The decision of whether sending an alert news comprises uses one or more rules to the information that receives during the stock upgrades.The specific operation that one rule is specified specified conditions and is performed when condition is coincide.For example a planning can be specified when stock's degree is lower than a particular value and should be sent a caution.
This EWA 3630 can use a rule sets that is predetermined, or alternatively can comprise the artificial intelligence logic so that it can respond current or the history library storage sample originally changes its behavior.This artificial intelligence logic makes this EWA can estimate to allow correction measure in potential stock's degree variation of the foreseeable future discerning potential dangerous situation as early as possible.For example at the beginning should rule can specify when the stock falls to 10 and start this caution when following rapidly.Yet, to send caution frequently many than other season if this EWA 3630 detects in summer it, this EWA 3630 can be by being increased to 20 and adapt to season conversion with threshold value from 10 in summer, thereby this library programming instrument 3640 can early be received the notice of the stock shortage that approaches.
These EWA 3630 fechtables and analyze current and the history library deposit data with test example such as the planning trend of the difference between actual replenishing that replenishes, and set up the predictive mode that a following stock needs.These trend and prediction can utilize linear regression, classification and regional dendrogram to decide, or other infers that operation method decides.
In one embodiment, this EWA 3630 estimates to replenish about each planning maybe may influence stock's consumption operation (historical data of carrying out of hypothesis for example, it estimates that a kind of source is the planning truck loading of 12 ounces of bottles of Bob, this bottle can be before the shipping time of planning four hours to after any time arrival between six hours, and its quantity requested number 95% to 100% between) potential variation.This EWA 3630 relatively passes by about the shipping time that reaches reality prediction of the operation of quantity but still uncompleted real transmission date and future replenish to produce in the works of several stocks' promise.This EWA3630 is in conjunction with the estimation about the potential variation of several independent operations, makes it become an estimation about whole stock's potential variation.Can use the dendrogram of determining such as classification or regional dendrogram to look like to implement these operation methods.
In other enforcement, this EWA 3630 sets up this predictive mode and does not consider independent operation based on aggregated data, and this aggregated data is represented the levels of accumulation that replenishes and consume.Can use possible inference pattern such as condition Gaussian approximation to implement these operation methods.
The further details of the algorithm that uses about this EWA 3630 can find in the U.S. Patent application of warning Agent about the stock in early days publicly-owned, pending trial, this application is a U.S. Provisional Application sequence number the 60/384th, No. 638, proposed on May 31st, 2002, the content of this application is contained in that this is for reference.
The library programming instrument
This library programming instrument 3640 can be the application program of any stock of drafting plan of replenishing.A kind of this type of library programming instrument 3640 is the senior planning instrument and the optimization instrument (APO) that can obtain from SAP AG.
This library programming instrument 3640 comprises the logic that is used to draft inventory planning.This logic comprises one and is used for receiving a caution from this EWA 3630, and responds this caution and whether need to determine the logic that replenishes.
In one embodiment, this library programming instrument 3640 is that a complete stock drafts the plan of replenishing.The stock of one EWA, 3630 monitoring parts.Can be in conjunction with a plurality of EWA 3630 to contain whole stocks.Whether one relevant a part of stock's caution triggers this library programming instrument 3640 and has determined planning for whole stock to replenish to need to plan again.
This decision can comprise from this ITS 3620 acquisition inventory datas and based on the inventory data decision or the forecast demand that capture.For example, a kind of height requirement trend about product X can impel this library programming instrument to prepare to be not only more products X and to comprise more products Y, and known this product X is the dominant index of this product Y.
As shown in figure 37, one incident route middleware can be used in different inter-entity dispense event as an incident router (ER) 3710, for example, dispense event between this supervisory system 3610, this ITS 3620, this EWA 3630 and this library programming instrument 3640.The example of the incident router that is fit to comprises that this is to theme as the KnowNow on basis
The incident router, its KnowNow company that can be positioned at the Mountain View of California certainly obtains; Perhaps be the Elvin message service based on content, it can obtain from the Distributed Systems on queen island, Australia Technology Center.Should be to theme as the basis and also can merge use based on the incident router of content.
Incident route based on content
In one embodiment, based on the content arrangement of each message from the publisher path to the user.The content of each message can be divided into a plurality of contents field.For example, have the relevant message 01.0037F2.001508.000319F827 of the project of this ePC and can be divided into the following content field with one:
(1) title: 01
(2) fabricator: 0037F2
(3) product category: 001508
(4) sequence number: 000319F827
(5) message type: see @ (seen@), request, responding-see the @ message is the message that this project of report has been detected at an ad-hoc location." request " message is used to transmit a request to a user and " response " message is used to issue this response message.Also other message type of definable.
This user can specify the message filtrator of the numerical value in content-based field.(for example: fabricator=0037F2 and message type=see @)
Incident route based on theme
In an alternative enforcement, can be according to the title classifiable event.One software entity may be only interesting to the incident about some title.This software entity can only be subscribed to some specific title and it will only can be received about those but not the incident of other title.
Figure 38 explanation is based on the header syntax of an ePC structure.A title of cutting apart be can set up and each data field of this ePC, i.e. fabricator, product category and sequence number given.For example, have the project of this ePC01.0037F2.001508.000319F827 for one, can set up following title:
(1) centauri 0037F2 001508 000319F827 this title of Kan Jian @-contain " see @ " incident relevant with this project.
(2) centauri 0037F2 001508 000319F827 *-this title comprise incident and other kind incident of reporting to title 1 relevant with this project, as " requirement " and " response " incident.
(3) centauri 0037F2 001508 *-this title comprise report to the incident of title 2 and with the relevant incident of other project in identical product kind 001508.
(4) centauri 0037F2 *-this title comprise all and report to the incident of title 3, and also comprise and the relevant incident of other project with identical fabricator 0037F2.
Also can cut apart title to the event establishment of relevant reader.For example, can set up following title for a reader with this ePC01.0B39C2.000815.004711F827.
(1) centauri 0B39C2000815004711F827 seen that this title of ePC-contains the relevant incident of particular reader that has detected a specific ePC with.
(2) centauri 0B39C2000815004711F827 *-this incident contain the relevant incident of particular reader that has detected any ePC with.
The one incident router based on title has title combination and each title has an address, as a URL.By the address of this incident of transmission, can issue incident to a title to this title.For the URL that determines suitable title to issue out a message, an issue entity can be seeked advice from an object naming service (EONS) 3720 of extending as a supervisory system 3610 (Figure 37).One EONS 3720 is maintained in corresponding corresponding with it title between project ePCs (or a reader ePCs) and the one or more ERs.One EONS is considered as importing and answer URL (s) about one or more identification titles with the ePC of a project (or reader).Can implement this EONS 3720 by extending a traditional ONS, the example of this tradition ONS be Oat Systems and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) automatically-ONS that the ID center is researched and developed, this ONS object naming service technology handbook (by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) automatically-distribution of ID center) in more detailed description is arranged.Traditional object naming system similarity is in well-known internet domain name system (DNS) and based on it.
The agreement of issue is flowed
As shown in figure 39, this supervisory system 3610 identifications one project is added into or shifts out this stock in operation.This supervisory system produces an incident, and it comprises a mark identifier, reader identification symbol and time sign.The project that this mark identifier identification has changed.This reader identification symbol identification detects the reader of change.And when this time tag identification detects this change.
With decision transmission incident extremely where this supervisory system 3610 seeks advice from this EONS 3720 subsequently.This supervisory system 3610 provides the ePC of the ePC of this this project of EONS and this reader and fetches URLs about item-title and reader title from EONS.This supervisory system 3610 is sent this incident subsequently to these two titles.
About the ER (s) of header entry and reader project with project arrangement to one or more users.For example, this ITS can be the user of this item-title and this EWA can be the user of this reader title.This EWA receives incident and determines whether to transmit a caution to this library programming instrument from ER.
If a caution is sent, just trigger this library programming instrument to plan replenishing of this stock again.In order to obtain the current data about the stock, this library programming instrument can be sent an incident to this ER requirement inventory data.This ER is routed to ITS with this incident subsequently, and it responds by sending desired inventory data to library programming instrument.
Flow about the agreement of ordering
As shown in figure 40, for each user want the title ordered, this user at first inquire EONS with decision about the position of the ER of specific title and be careful subsequently about the incident to title to be released.
When receiving an incident, this user can use the reader identification symbol that is contained in this incident to determine the position of this project.This position can be a provider location (for example a specific latitude, longitude and height) or a logical place (for example being arranged in container XYZ or truck ABC).This user also can use this mark identifier to determine the position about the extraneous information of this project.For example, this mark identifier can be used for capturing PML (product labelling language) file about this project.
As shown in figure 41, an EONS can be maintained in corresponding between a plurality of tagging items and a plurality of ERs.As mentioned above, this correspondence is supported a plurality of keys (key), comprises a project key and a reader key.This EONS can serve a plurality of supervisory systems 3610 and other indicia reader application program.In one embodiment, this EONS is a subsystem that disperses, the name resolving device that it comprises corresponding informance, is used for responding the inquiry server of the inquiry that requires the information position and can receives an ePC and resolve this ePC to one ER position.
As shown in figure 42, a specific ER can be dispersed to a plurality of ITSs (as other user) and a specific I TS can subscribe to a plurality of ERs.One user's definable is about the scope of wanting of each ITS and shining and set this decentralized planning.
4.2 integration engine
As shown in figure 31, an embodiment of system of the present invention can use an integration engine 3110, and it is as the intermediate tool at this ITS and this indicia reader.This integration engine be can implement and software and hardware between this indicia reader and this ITS, inserted.This integration engine 3110 also alternately is integrated among this ITS, for example is the part of QIC 104 among Fig. 1.
This integration engine 3110 can with these indicia reader 102 communications, as with as the smart items of other kind.In this instructions, one " smart items " for a kind of store and with the project or the machine about itself data of external system communication.Can use any communication channel (as radio frequency, infrared ray).This communication process can cause being stored in the change of data in this smart items.More accurate smart items also has processing power, and it can directly be influenced each other with other smart items, and for example, coordinates a public behavior.Smart items can store and get in touch different types of project-ID (UID) and other data about the project characteristic of this project that comprise a uniqueness.But the data that some smart items has a sensor storage condition are temperature, humidity, acceleration or position for example.This communication data can be real time data or historical data, or both all are.
The example of smart items comprises the web application of tagging items, RFID interrogator, actuator devices, the goods of discovering and embedding.One interrogator is an indicia reader and write device.One actuating apparatus is a kind of machine that moves or control some things (for example a conveying belt, a vending machine).The goods of discovering is for detecting the goods (goods of position or temperature sensor for example is housed) about its environmental information.
For the support of a particular sensor or actuator devices by using for example demo disk demo software shown in Figure 34 and implementing of a hardware interface.This integration engine 3110 is collected data and is provided data to the high-order application program 3130 of this collection to comprise this ITS 103 from different types of smart items 3120.This integration engine 3110 also can write data to smart items 3120.
Integration engine
This integration engine 3110 reads and writes data, handles this data and provide this deal with data to high-order application program 3130 in real time from smart items 3120.Do so in real time when representative receives these data and just handled, these data just are provided during processing.This integration engine 3110 also can receive data and write data to smart items 3120 from high-order application program 3130.
Handle these data and can comprise data filter.For example, an application program can be only interesting to receiving UIDs and position data, and other application program may be only interesting to collect data from certain smart items.Can provide a filtrator that separates to require data to each application program.
Handle these data and also can comprise data aggregate.Data aggregate comprises data is combined to produce the high-order data.For example, in conjunction with the UID of a project that is arranged in truck and the temperature that reads from truck to produce a temperature reading about this project.Aggregated data can make these data more meaningful compared with handling these data individually.Polymerization also can comprise in the accumulation real time data to a batch, and transmits this lot data and non real-time transmits in preset time.These data can be put has the time tag of collecting date and time.
Adjusting this integration engine 3110 provides with connection and reads substantially and different types of hardware interface of write-in functions.This integration engine 3110 is translated between a specific hardware data layout and a general format, or translates between specific hardware data layout and application-specific form in some cases.In this situation, 3110 pairs of these application programs of this integration engine 3130 are hidden hardware details.
How Figure 32 explanation uses a plurality of integration engines 3110 to manage a large amount of smart items.Can specify each integration engine 3110 between the ad-hoc location (for example factory, loading area, shop) of finding smart items, to transmit data.This application program 3130 can be ordered one or more integration engines 3110.Can implement each integration engine 3110 and be complete a plurality of integration engines 3110.The output of one integration engine 3110 can be imported a high-order integration engine 3110.
Figure 33 illustrates the demonstration enforcement of an integration engine 3110.All relate to these integration engine 3110 management and the interactional data of smart items and object and the whole process of control.This integration engine 3110 comprises a control and management person 3310, an interrogator Agent 3320, is handled an Agent 3330 and a Correspondent program 3340.Can use the traditional program designing technique to implement this assembly, this technology comprises based on the technology of assembly such as Java, C# or C++ object.
This control and management person 3310 provides this programmatic interface at this integration engine 3110 and 3130 of application programs.This programmatic interface is implemented general (nonspecific enforcement) communication interface to a plurality of breakout boxs can be inserted into part.This breakout box is transferred between a particular communication interface (as RPC, COM, COKBA, IMS, HTTP) and a general-purpose communication interface.
This control and management person 3310 receives and explains this rule, reception and explanation Client command and illustrate this suitable inquiry Agent, processing Agent and Correspondent program with executing rule from this application program 3130.The various aspects of the behavior of this rule definable or restriction interrogator Agent, processing Agent and Correspondent program.For example, this rule definable provide which kind of data to an application program (UID or position data for example only are provided), write which kind of data to this hardware (, then writing an order of turning off cold air) or when these data (for example every day) are provided if for example the temperature of this truck drops to below the predetermined threshold.Rule also definable how in conjunction with the data of collecting to produce high-order data (for example in conjunction with the temperature of UID that is arranged in a kind of project of truck and truck to determine whether this project overheated).This control and management person 3310 explains and uses this rule when Data Receiving.
In one embodiment, this control and management person 3310 is contained in the regular storage area or combines with it in some way, storing the rule that receives from this application program, this control and management person also be contained in a rule draw alert in or combine with it in some way, regular to carry out this storages.Regular available UML (unified modeling language) pattern, EJB (JavaBeans of enterprise) fruit or XML (extension SGML) representation of file that receive from this application program.If necessary, this control and management person 3310 these rules of conversion are the internal format that regulation engine uses.
One interrogator Agent 3320 is responsible for integrally controlling single hardware device interface as a RFID control interface.One interrogator Agent 3320 is handled Agent 3330 in conjunction with a hardware interface, this control and management person 3310 and.The data that this interrogator Agent 3320 receives from this hardware interface.Can adjust this interrogator Agent 3320 according to the demand of this hardware interface.For example some hardware interface needs polled async, otherwise other interface produces incident or interruption.This interrogator Agent 3320 is not carried out any processing usually on the data of collecting, otherwise it only passes on this data to one processing Agent 3330 for processing.
One handles Agent 3330 is responsible for data filter, polymerization and transfer operation.This processing Agent 3330 influences each other with this a control and management person 3310 and an interrogator Agent 3320.
In order to carry out data filter, this is handled Agent 3330 and receives the sensing data of being collected by one or more interrogator Agents.This processor Agent 3330 is exercised this regulation engine and is satisfied the specified condition of this rule to determine whether any data.The data that conform with this condition are transferred to Correspondent program 3340.
In order to carry out data aggregate, this processing Agent 3330 stores these reception data and received all data of an ad hoc rules requirement up to it in a buffering.
This handles the data that Agent 3330 receives a specific hardware form.This processing Agent 3330 uses corresponding tables to change between this specific hardware form and general format, and this general format is the form that integration engine 3110 exports application program 3130 to.
These data are written into and can share between a plurality of processing Agents.Some handles Agent 3330 only can handle the data that contain a particular types information, numbers as purchase order.In these situations, these interrogator Agent 3320 hardware based types (for example a barcode scanner sends bar code information) or the relay data (for example with reference to the logical tab type definition that illustrates among Figure 34) of describing these data determine the data type that it has been collected.Some handles Agent 3330 can handle complicated data-handle the data of the output polymerization of Agents 3330 from several.But the application program of processing Agent that this is identical or Agent 3330 service requests data of the same race.
One Correspondent program 3340 be responsible for using push or pull out pattern both one of provide data to this application program 3130.One application program can require to implement a read or write operation clearly in this smart items 3120 (drawing in pattern), or an application program can require to notify this application program (pushing pattern) when assembling structure when this smart items 3120 receives data.
This Correspondent program 3340 receives the data of handling and the application program 3130 of these data to all orders is provided from one or more processing Agents 3330.The list that this Correspondent program 3340 is safeguarded an order program 3130 with and separately purpose parameter.This Correspondent program 3340 can be the set of Correspondent program 3340, and wherein each Correspondent program is implemented a specific communication interface or an agreement (for example RPC, COM, CRBA, JMS or HTTP).
The data that replace this processing directly is provided are to ordering application program 3130, and this Correspondent program 3340 is used an intermediate tool, for example an incident router.This incident router can go out in the list of current order application program.One incident router is a server, and it is that message (incident) is arranged the path between software entity.Can use this message to notify this message recipient and take place or to transmit an inquiry to this recipient about some incidents.The example of suitable incident router comprises KonwNow
The incident router, its KnowNow company that can be positioned at the Mountain View of California certainly obtains; Perhaps be the Elvin message service based on content, it can obtain from the Distributed SystemsTechnology on queen island, Australia Center.
In one embodiment, this Correspondent program 3340 provides this data with the form an of data object (or object collection), and this data object has the method that can be used to capture this UID or extra items data by external application.In another embodiment, this data layout is XML.The advantage of XML is an elasticity, extendible, self-description and be widely used in exchanges data.
Hardware interface
Figure 34 is the block diagram of the hardware interface 3400 of a demonstration.This hardware interface 3400 is a kind of high-level software and interactional software of basic hardware of making.Can obtain the RFID technology of a wide region at present from a plurality of producers.Rely on this application program scheme, need to select the mark (active, read-only/as can to rewrite or the like) of a particular type.It is useful using open standard to implement this hardware interface, therefore can use this hardware interface to add a plurality of RFID technology that obtain from a plurality of producers.This hardware interface can receive inquiry so that this hardware interface reading of data or requirement write data to this hardware interface certainly.The data that are derived from this hardware interface can be sent to interrogator Agent 3320 or alternatively and handle Agent 3330.
This interface 3400 comprises one level of abstraction-server 3410-, and it hides the details of this interrogator 3420.This server 3410 is linked up by attached interface of a hardware and interrogator 3420.When running, a particular server 3410 entities only are responsible for an interrogator 3420.Yet several application programs can while and same server 3410 entity communications.
One server 3410 supports at least two different types ofly to read inquiry.The one reading requirement return information of separating is only on the mark that can be read at present.The one reading requirement return information that continues is being cushioned on all marks that have been read and after the reading requirement before making.
One server 3410 can receive data to be written.These data to be written can be the data that are stored on the mark or are the control data of this hardware behavior of control.For example, an intelligent conveying belt can be received in the control data that switches between left conveying belt and right conveying belt; One intelligent vending machine can receive the price of the project of adjustment or the control data of machine temperature.
In addition, a server 3410 can utilize following function:
Initialization
This interface 3400 of this function initialization is for utilization.The initialization all hardware comprises necessary PORT COM, software object and flow process.This is a general function of initializing.The specific hardware details can be arranged at the specific hardware enactment document.
Stop
This function stops the use of this interface 3400.This is initialized negative function.All hardware are released, and PORT COM is closed and all relevant software objects and flow process all are terminated (unless they are used by other flow process).This is a general expiry feature.The specific hardware details can be arranged at the specific hardware enactment document.
Certification mark
Whether this Function detection is current can read mark and how many marks can be read.
Definition logical tab type
This functional definition is about the logical tab type of a specific markers.The formation of data on this logical tab type specification mark.Be shown in demonstration electronic marker 3500 these part things of explanation among Figure 35.As shown in it, the user's data on this mark physically are made up of n 32 bit data blocks.Yet in logic, it has the data field of three names: a kind of description (" ARTDESC ") 3520 of an Item Number (" ARTNR ") 3510, these article with and price (" PRICE ") 3530.As shown in it, the start address of this length and this field must be not identical with block length and start address.
The length of this logical tab type definition title, start address and each data field, its data type (for this field is corresponded to application data easily) and about a kind of description of each field.This logical tab type also defines about storing the position of a mark identifier.The extendible out of Memory that comprises of this logical tab type definition.
Obtain logical tab type specification and field name
This function obtains the information about a logical tab type.Normally will use this function to obtain this field name and field length and data type.
Beginning/end continues to read
This function begins or the continuous read mode of end operation.
Come from the field that reads of a plurality of marks
When carrying out this function, this function from can read these data underlined specific fields reading of data.It still is continuous read mode that one parameter points out to require a read mode of separating.For continuous mode, this server can cushion all information that read mark.In continuous mode, each is to this impact damper of call clearing of this read functions.Yet this impact damper is not removed in a calling in compartmented mode.
Come from the field that reads of a specific markers
This function and functional similarity before.Difference is for only reading out from having the single labelled field of a specific markers ID.May need to read a plurality of marks have this specific markers ID with identification mark.
Write field to a plurality of marks
When carrying out this function, this function writes to writeable underlined specific fields with identical data.This field has title and relies on the type of this mark of definition.It is underlined that identical data are written into institute.Can use this function in the writing in a large number of mark, for example be positioned at the end of production line.
Write field to specific markers
This function writes the specific fields of data to a specific markers in the field of indicia reader-write device operation.This field has title and relies on current type.The mark that is written into is specified by its UID.Data only write to specific fields.The data that all of appointment are arranged in tag field in this operation do not change to some extent.
Data field also can utilize any locking of two kinds of write-in functions, as long as this function of hardware supported.One field can be written into and lock simultaneously, or a field that has write before can be locked just and do not need to rewrite its data.
Specific hardware is called out
Some hardware may provide some to surmount the function of this interface range.For the client can use this function, this function provides a mechanism directly to call out by specific hardware from application program.
Faulty operation
When a miscommunication took place, this hardware unit 3420 or this server 3410 at first attempted solving self-inflicted mistake, for example solved for several times by the retry operation.When the low order faulty operation was failed, this interface 3400 provided about the information of where makeing mistakes, so this application program can be taked proper handling.
Except the general error code of a definition type of error, also provide a detailed description of this mistake.This interface 3400 is recognized the erroneous condition of following at least type:
(1) interrogator does not respond: can't the initialization interrogator.
(2) read error: detect the n mark, but have only m correctly to read (m＜n).Not having mark in this field is not erroneous condition.
(3) write error: mark can't be written into, if it were not for because do not have mark in the radio field, exactly because some specific problem that writes, for example field of Suo Zhuing or general failure are arranged.
(4) there is not hardware support.The function that similarly is data interlock may be by all hardware supported.
5. the compression of tracked information, filtration and encryption
Following chapters and sections are described an embodiment, and wherein this tracked information was compressed, filters or encrypted to another enterprise's contact from an enterprise at it.The process of the embodiment that involves a producer and a consumer will be described.One producers or consumers can be a fabricator, a distributor or a retail division, or the part of any other position or a position, and it handles this tagging items.
As shown in figure 43, a producer 4301 sends shipment 4303 to one consumers 4302.When consumer 4302 received that this loads and transports 4303, this consumer's indicia reader system 4306 read this information from this Container Tag 4307 and this project mark 4308.In order to confirm this shipment 4303, this consumer 4302 need be from the producer 4301 shipment content information 4309.This shipment information 4309 can comprise the UID of all items in the UID of this container and this container.The information that other is relevant with each project similarly is the color of this project, can combine with the UID of this project or the outside is stored on this mark.By a communication network 4310 the Internet for example, but this consumer 4302 can from the producer 4301 receive shipment information 4309 and also the delivery status lastest imformation to this producer 4301.The area I TS 4311 that is positioned at the consumer position is from these mark reading system 4306 acquisition information and with this label information and 4309 pairings (match) of this shipment information.
As shown in figure 45, a method 4500 that is used for contact tracked information between a producer and a consumer can begin by a producer receives a plurality of identification codes, and each identification code is discerned a related item (4510) uniquely.
The mark that can be attached to project certainly reads this identification code.To stride the enterprise object and follow the trail of feasible in order to make, each mark carries a unique identification code about related item, for example is divided into one 8 titles (position 0-7) 4510 and three kind of data field: ePC supvr (position 8-35) 4620, object kind (position 36-59) 4630 and sequence number (position 60-95) 4640.But the coding that the tissue of each Mk system has a uniqueness for this ePC supvr field.Each product category in a tissue has being encoded in the object kind field of a uniqueness.The independent project of each of one product has being coded in the sequence number of a uniqueness.Also can use UID similarly except ePC.
This producer is categorized into one or more groups identification code (4520) with this identification code.Each group identification code can correspond to the project (for example coming from all basketballs of a specific fabricator) of a particular type.
For each group identification code, this producer identifies the redundancy section of coding, and this situation is very general (4530) for every group coding.For example shown in Figure 47, comprise a redundancy section 4701-especially about all ePC for a specific fabricator basketball, this ePCs shares identical ePC supvr and object kind.This redundancy is intrinsic in the hierarchical architecture of this ePC.
This producer sets up the identification code (4540) that a file comprises one or more groups.Yet in this file, this ePC can calculate most file size.For example shown in Figure 47, a shipping file comprises project-hierarchical information, and it comprises the ePC about each shipment project.When the numbering of project increased, this ePC became a pith of this document size.
In order to dwindle the volume of file, this producer 4301 organizes this document, thereby for each group identification code, and the redundancy section of this coding can be listed an example and each mark can be arranged side by side with the redundancy section of abridged coding.In the method, the layered system design that can utilize this ePC is with the compression information relevant with each ePC.For example, to the basketball of a position, in shipping file, do not need to comprise whole ePC of each basketball for all packings and shipment.Otherwise as shown in figure 48, this shipping file can only comprise about gerentocratic project of this ePC (entry) and the object kind in an ePC prefix 4802.
Can use the similar shield technology of a kind of and method 4500 other environment to the shipment.For example, can use shielding in production environment to dwindle the size of producing order.When preparing a new production line of manufacturing project, factory drafts one usually and produces order, and it lists the ePC of each project.Even when the object kind of title, ePC supvr and ePC when partly being identical, above-mentioned situation is still set up.By method 4500 is applied to produce order, can reduce that this is redundant and need not list all ePCs about each project, can omit this redundancy section and only list sequence number.
Can when be the continuous size that further reduces file (load and transport, produce or other) by understanding sequence number, there is no need to list the sequence number of all production projects.Otherwise what need be listed as described below, is the quantity (as 1000) that first sequence number of setting up project (" EPC_BASE ") and project are produced altogether.Extraneous information about each project similarly is the color of this project, can as described below each project be listed individually.
＜product _ order _ ID=1234566 〉
＜project _ tabulation quantity=1000 EPC_ prefix=01.000A89.00016F 〉
＜EPC_ substrate〉00168123＜/the EPC_ substrate 〉
＜project 〉
＜color〉red＜/color 〉
＜/project 〉
＜project 〉
＜color〉red＜/color 〉
＜/project 〉
＜project 〉
＜color〉red＜/color 〉
＜/project 〉
＜/project _ tabulation 〉
·
·
＜/product _ order 〉
Along a supply chain, will have the project that is labeled and is not labeled usually.In addition, having only the project of some type similarly is that tray or packing can be coupled with the mark with RFID.In addition, project can be marked by each enterprise.For example but its shipment packing of carrier's mark is with its storehouse logistics progress of robotization.Therefore, may have RFID and be marked on this project, this packing, this tray and this container level, and these marks can be from different enterprises.Yet a simple reader/interrogator can't be differentiated, for example a project and this project container from this project.All UID that are read must be reported to a center system and be filtered as a result.This process efficient concerning a system is very low and unusual trouble, and it must handle report up to a million among one day.
Want the Task Distribution and the sequence number of controlling object kind for the ePC supvr of an enterprise.This enterprise is its own summary about entity object of definable also, and this entity object is as the annex of the project of enterprise's manufacturing.For example tray of being produced by the fabricator and packing can have or can not have its oneself ePC mark.Yet, in the environment of a carrier, have the container that is used to load and transport physical items.By only confirming tray or packing but not its whole environment, can carry out transmission shipment flow process rapidly from a shipment district to another shipment district.The method needs this carrier to utilize its oneself ePC that this container is added mark.Can adjust reader to obtain a particular type of ePC pattern.For example can adjust the container of reader only to begin in the object kind part of registering this ePC by character " 1 ".Actual XMK filtration summary seems:
＜container _ kind〉01.1234566.1XXXXX＜/container types 〉
In this example, this Xs is an asterisk wildcard, and it is arranged in the character string that forms ePC; This reader will receive any data that are positioned at these positions.With this kind method one reader is set and allows this reader to filter the ePCs that it reads, and check the Container Type of only in this summary, pointing out.Therefore, filtration can reduce the message that is sent to monitoring application program or for example loads and transports the class process of affirmation process from reader.
Figure 49 explanation is used to filter a method 4900 of tracked information.Filtration can be taken place at transmittance process (promptly passing through a plurality of consumers) and the different phase in a particular consumer by reader or reader system.For example from the above mentioned, filtration occurs in the indicia reader layer.Alternatively or extraly, a consumer ITS also can filter its data that receive from indicia reader.
Receive the identification code combine with a plurality of projects, comprise the container (4910) of project independently and project.Each identification code (for example ePC) is for discerning the character string of this integration project uniquely.Can similarly be this identification code of a plurality of source capturing of an indicia reader, a shipping file or an ITS (shared or zone) certainly.
Place a character in each identification code, this identification code points out that this project is unique noncontinuous item or project container (4920).As mentioned above, can have " 1 " this container of noncontinuous item resolution from being arranged in this container as the beginning character of the object kind part of this coding; Yet, also can use other character and character position.Based on this character of finding out, determine that this identification code corresponds to a noncontinuous item and still corresponds to a container (4930).
When such one was determined at the indicia reader level and finishes, this indicia reader can be differentiated noncontinuous item from the project container, and reading of haveing nothing to do of the recipient who uses this characteristic to filter and read information.For example, if this recipient is a shipping company, it may only want to know the label information about each project container, but too late in this project itself.In this case, a high-order assembly can filter about the coding of noncontinuous item and only transmits label information about container to this recipient in this reader itself or the system.
The access of control tracked information
Stride enterprise computer environment one, this tracked information can be by a plurality of consumer spendings.Yet this producer may needn't wish that all consumers share the access of same degree.For example this fabricator can write down the information about a shipment, and as " responsible official " or " quality grade ", it can be by some consumer (for example Bureau Veritas) access of having the right, but other consumer haves no right access.
In one embodiment, to the access of tracked information by provide this consumer only this document a part and obtain control.For example the sum that (or authorized to know) conveys goods may only need be known by a shipping company, but this shipping company may not need to know other characteristic (for example color, price) of (or not authorized to know) this goods.
Yet, the file that only transmits this same-code to all consumers will be more efficient.Therefore, another embodiment provides this same file to all consumers, but with a form of encoding.Each consumer is provided the only part of a system of selection with decoding this document separately subsequently.This coding and decoding can be fully transparent for external system 4312 as an ERP system.In other words, the input of this tracked information and output can be common uncoded file.
As shown in figure 50, the control access is being carried out with tracked information in the method 5000, a producer sets up the tracked information about a project set, and this tracked information is with one or more characteristics and select corresponding numerical value (5010) to represent each project.This producer utilizes the clear and definite encoding scheme of its correspondence to be encoded with this tracked information of encoding by each example with each clear and definite characteristic in the tracked information.This producer transmits this encoded track information to one recipient (5030), determine this recipient of which characteristic power access (5040) that is authorized, and the subclass (5050) of this this encoding scheme of recipient is provided, this subclass only comprises the encoding scheme that is authorized to the characteristic of access about the user.
Can be in tracing process manner of execution 5000 on a plurality of time points, this time point as before storing tracked information to a mark or this tracked information be accessed in one and share before the ITS.When tracked information is released access executing method 5000 all of when wanting to control tracked information with this conveyer.
As described in Figure 51, the method 5100 that is used for the access tracked information in execution, one consumer receives the tracked information of the coding of collecting about project, this tracked information is with one or more characteristics and select each project of corresponding numeric representation, utilizes the clear and definite encoding scheme of its correspondence to be encoded with this tracked information (5110) of encoding by each example with each clear and definite characteristic in the tracked information.This consumer also receives a subclass of this encoding scheme, and this subclass only comprises the encoding scheme (5120) that is authorized to the characteristic of access about this recipient.At last, this consumer this recipient that decodes is authorized to the characteristic (5130) of access.
Can store this tracked information in the part of an XML file as the mark that combines with an entity object.By a reader, a consumer can capture this XML file from this mark.In addition, this consumer also can capture an XML file from other position, for example shares ITS or the acquisition of other computer system from one.
One document type definition (DTD) or an XML summary define the relay data of an XML file.One DTD can be contained in the XML file or separate storage.For example, the product of DTD address, as shown in the table, product type, product IDs, version, seller, peddle the characteristics field of price, the place of production, manufacturing time, effective time, responsible official, quality grade and weight:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 "?
＜! Project product (product type, product IDs, version, seller, peddle price, the place of production, manufacturing time, effective time, responsible official, quality grade) 〉
＜! Project product type (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project product IDs (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Item version (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project seller (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project is peddled price (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! The project place of production (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project manufacturing time (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project effective time (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project leader (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project quality grade (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project product group (product+) 〉
Based on an XML file of this dtd file in following table:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 "?
＜! File type product group system " product group .dtd " 〉
＜product group 〉
＜product 〉
＜product type〉XXXX＜/product type 〉
＜product IDs〉45EF76345＜/product IDs 〉
＜version〉E3DF67＜/version 〉
＜seller〉AAA＜/seller 〉
＜peddle price〉1988-12-28＜/peddle price 〉
＜the place of production〉621＜/place of production 〉
＜manufacturing time〉2000-12-28＜/manufacturing time 〉
＜effective time〉2002-12-28＜/effective time 〉
＜responsible official〉Kelly De＜/responsible official 〉
＜product hierarchy〉6＜/product hierarchy 〉
＜/product 〉
＜product 〉
＜product type〉XXXY＜/product type 〉
＜product IDs〉45E003123＜/product IDs 〉
＜version〉9FD56＜/version 〉
＜seller〉BBB＜/seller 〉
＜peddle price〉3.4＜/peddle price 〉
＜the place of production〉621＜/place of production 〉
＜manufacturing time〉2000-02-28＜/manufacturing time 〉
＜effective time〉2002-02-28＜/effective time 〉
＜responsible official〉Kevin Smith＜/responsible official 〉
＜product hierarchy〉8＜/product hierarchy 〉
＜/product 〉
＜/product group 〉
Figure 52 illustrates a file system, concordance list and coded file, and this coded file is used for getting in touch the tracked information and the tagging items 5245 of a network 5240.It is a coding XML file 5215 to change a producer XML file 5210 that one producer 4301 uses a concordance list 5230.Also can use this concordance list to change producer's dtd file 5220 to one encoding D TD files 5225.This producer on this consumer's automatic network receives this coding XML or encoding D TD file 5260/5270.This consumer uses a destination concordance list changing this coding XML file to consumer XML file 5265, or changes this encoding D TD file to consumer's dtd file 5275.This consumer uses this consumer XML file or this consumer's dtd file.
This concordance list 5230 is used for setting up the XML file at producer's end.One concordance list correlates the mark title to index value.Each characteristics field has the mark title of this feature of description of a correspondence.At random, each characteristics field also has a respective value.That this token name is called general description and index is the coding of this mark title.Should select the efficient coding of the predicted value of mark.The aforementioned concordance list that is used to control this product group XML file can be the following stated:
The mark name index
The seller 5
Price 6
The place of production 7
Production time 8
Effective time 9
The responsible official 10
Product hierarchy 11
Product group 12
Index value in this concordance list can be arbitrarily, thereby makes this coding XML file not have very difficult explanation the under the situation of concordance list.
Based on this concordance list, an XML file is transferred in the intermediate data file that is called coding XML file 5215.One coding MXL file corresponds to the above-mentioned XML file that is established with this concordance list and is:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 " 〉
＜! File type 12 systems " 12.dtd " 〉
<12>
<1>
<2>XXXX</2>
<3>45EF76345</3>
<4>E3DF67</4>
<5>AAA</5>
<6>1988-2-28</6>
<7>621</7>
<8>2000-12-28</8>
<9>2002-12-28</9>
<10>Kelly?De</10>
<11>6</11>
</1>
<1>
<2>XXXY</1>
<3>45E003123</2>
<4>9FD56</3>
<5>BBB</5>
<6>3.4</6>
<7>621</7>
<8>2000-02-28</8>
<9>2002-02-28</9>
<10>Kevin?Smith</10>
<11>8</11>
</1>
</12>
Simultaneously, set up an encoding D TD file based on this original dtd file.Aforementionedly correspond to dtd file and be with an encoding D TD file that this concordance list is together set up:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 "?
＜! Project 1 (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11) 〉
＜! Project 1 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 2 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 3 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 4 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 5 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 6 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 7 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 8 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 9 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 10 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 11 (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project 12 (1+) 〉
When this consumer encoded this document, this consumer can change this mark title more to meet consumer self name tradition.
In order to control access, the further benefit of this information of encoding takies less space for this coded markings title than uncoded mark title, this uncoded mark title normally descriptive and may be very long.Can select succinct index value similarly is the simple digital index scheme of mentioning before.
Mark has limited storer or space.Therefore, can be included in the mark by the more tracked information of index value ease in use (for example characteristics field).Similarly, when this tracked information was passed through a network communication, comparing to not, version of code can use less frequency range to transmit this coded message.
Figure 53 illustrates a kind of method that is used to check the suitable concordance list that is used to set up a coding XML file.System of the present invention checks at first whether this concordance list needs to upgrade (5310).If do not need to upgrade, facility is set up a coding XML file or an encoding D TD file with this concordance list of both having deposited.If this concordance list needs to upgrade, also be used to set up a coding XML file or an encoding D TD file (5330) subsequently just set up a new concordance list.
On a network, transmit this coding XML file or be stored in a smart tags that an entity object combines in.At this consumer's end, use a purpose concordance list so that this document is decoded.As for this concordance list in the following example shown in, this purpose concordance list contact mark title and index value.
The mark name index
Seller's title 5
Production time 8
Effective time 9
Product group 12
All index that are positioned at this purpose concordance list must go out the source concordance list of current correspondence, and this source concordance list is used to set up this coded file.Yet all index that are arranged in concordance list may not can come across corresponding purpose concordance list.The index that characteristics field is only arranged that the consumer of this XML file receives this mark title and authorizes this consumer to share about those producers.For example, if set up this XML file and this consumer is a retailer by a fabricator, and this fabricator do not wish that this retailer sees the characteristics field of responsible official by name and product hierarchy, just then these index can not go out in current this retailer's the purpose concordance list.
The concordance list corresponding with it with the mark title of a particular index combination of this purpose concordance list can be different.Therefore, this consumer can adjust this title so that itself and this consumer's application-consistent.For example, this consumer can replace the aforesaid product IDs that has a product identification, has the version number of version number and have seller's title of seller.But the implication of these marks is identical in its relevant application program.
Based on the above-mentioned purpose concordance list and the dtd file of coding, this consumer will see following dtd file:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 "?
＜! File type product group system " product group .dtd " 〉
＜! The project product (product type, product identification, start context, seller's title, peddle price, the place of production, manufacturing time, effective time
＜! Project product type (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project product identification (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Item version number (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project is sold important name (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project is peddled price (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! The project place of production (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project manufacturing time (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project effective time (#PCDATA) 〉
＜! Project product group (product+) 〉
Based on the above-mentioned purpose concordance list and the XML file of should encoding, this consumer can see following XML file:
＜? xml version=" 1.0 " coding=" UTF-8 "?
＜! File type product group system " product group .dtd " 〉
＜product group 〉
＜product 〉
＜product type〉XXXX＜/product type 〉
＜product identification ID〉45EF76345＜/product identification 〉
＜start context〉E3DF67＜/start context 〉
＜seller title〉AAA＜/seller's title 〉
＜peddle price〉1988-12-28＜/peddle price 〉
＜the place of production〉621＜/place of production 〉
＜manufacturing time〉2000-12-28＜/manufacturing time 〉
＜effective time〉2002-12-28＜/effective time 〉
＜/product 〉
＜product 〉
＜product type〉XXXY＜/product type 〉
＜product identification〉45E003123＜/product identification 〉
＜start context〉9FD56＜/start context 〉
＜seller title〉BBB＜/seller's title 〉
＜peddle price〉3.4＜/peddle price 〉
＜the place of production〉621＜/place of production 〉
＜manufacturing time〉2000-02-28＜/manufacturing time 〉
＜effective time〉2002-02-28＜/effective time 〉
＜/product 〉
＜/product group 〉
Can implement the present invention in Fundamental Digital Circuit, or in computer hardware, software or the two combination.Can implement the present invention is a computer program, and promptly a computer program positively is contained in the information carrier, and for example in the signal that a machine readable is got in the memory storage or transmitted, it is used for being carried out or controlling by the data manipulation device operation of this device.One computer program can any programming language form write as, comprise compiling or interpretative code, and it can be used in any form, comprises as a stand-alone program or is that an assembly, assembly, subroutine or other are suitable for the unit in the computer environment.Can adopt a computer program with on a plurality of computing machines of a computing machine or same position or be distributed in and carry out on a plurality of computing machines of a plurality of positions and interconnected by a communication network.
Can be by one or more programmable processors implementing method step of the present invention, this processor is carried out a computer program with by operation input data and produce output data and carry out function of the present invention.Method step also can be carried out by specific purposes logical circuit and device of the present invention as a FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit).
The processor that is applicable to the execution of a computer program comprises: for example general and special purpose microprocessor, and any one or a plurality of processor in any kind digital machine.In general, a processor can both receive instruction and data from a ROM (read-only memory) or a random access memory or its.The necessary assembly of one computing machine is a processor that is used to execute instruction and is used for save command and one or more storage arrangements of data.A common computing machine also can comprise one or more high-capacity storages that are used for storage data for example disk, magneto-optic disk or CD, or operatively combine with it with transmit to it data from its receive data or both.The information carrier that is fit to comprise computer program instructions and data comprise form of ownership nonvolatile memory-for example comprising, semiconductor storage similarly is EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory devices; Disk similarly is internal hard drive and removable dish; Magneto-optic disk; And CD-ROM and DVD-ROM CD.This processor and storer can increase special purpose logical circuit, or are contained in wherein.
In order to provide and the influencing each other an of user, can on a computing machine, implement the present invention, this computing machine has one and is used for the display device that display message is given the user, for example a CRT (cathode-ray tube (CRT)) or LCD (liquid crystal display) display, and a keyboard and an indicator device, for example a slide sign or a trace ball, the user can provide with it and input to this computing machine.The device that also can use other kind is to provide and the influencing each other of consumer, and the feedback that for example offers the consumer can be the sensation feedback of any pattern, for example vision feedback, sense of hearing feedback or haptic feedback; And the input from the consumer can be received in any form, comprises the sense of hearing, input oral account or sense of touch.
Can implement the present invention in a computer system, this computer system comprises an aft-end assembly, a data server for example, or comprise a middleware composition, an apps server for example, or comprise a front end assemblies, for example have the client computer of a geographical user's interface or a web browser, by said modules one user can with a kind of enforcement of the present invention or the combination of any this rear end, middleware or front end assemblies influences each other.The assembly of system of the present invention can be by the form or the media interconnection of any numerical data communication of a for example communication network.The example of communication network comprises a Local Area Network (" LAN "), a Wide Area Network (" WAN ") and a Internet.
This computer system can comprise client computer and server.One client computer and server are usually far apart and influence each other by a communication network usually.The relation of client computer and server is carried out on computing machine separately owing to computer program and is had client-server relation each other and produces.
The present invention is described with specific embodiment and scheme.Other embodiment is within the scope of claim of the present invention.For example, step of the present invention can be carried out and still can be reached the result who wants with a different order.System of the present invention is flexible and provides many about following the trail of the business method of project.In one approach, one or more clients order the system of the present invention that an ISP provides, and this ISP should service by a kind of network allocation such as the Internet.In this case, the client does not need to obtain these assemblies or total system, thereby saves running cost.In addition, this client also can obtain these assemblies or total system, thereby saves running cost.In addition, system of the present invention can support any combination of above-mentioned business method.For example some client can order system of the present invention and some client can obtain these assemblies or total system.
Other scheme is within the scope of claim of the present invention.System of the present invention supports the exploitation of the application program new or that strengthen of certain scope, and this application program spreads all over the industry from zone to a global range.Other application program of system of the present invention comprises supply chain management, assets tracking and managing, safety and access control, transports, charge, sale application point and luggage are handled.Below will further specify these examples.
Supply chain management
Rfid system is ideally suited and is identified in the high unit high priced line that moves in the assemble flow (as automobile or agricultural equipment manufacturing).Rfid system also provides for permanent identification goods support such as the indispensable reliability of chest, crate and tray.Other application program in supply chain management comprises at goods follows the trail of and wraps up work in transit.
Assets are followed the trail of and management
Assets are followed the trail of and management package is drawn together those and is used for monitoring equipment, personnel and file in an application program that flows such as the space-like of building, storeyard or master station, to strengthen for example keeping good tracking for the control of assets and for the project that comprises the individual.Application-specific in asset management comprises: record/document track, personnel follow the trail of, storeyard is managed and equipment is followed the trail of.
Safety and access control
Moving and using of valuable equipment and individual resource can be by being additional to equipment or being monitored by the transponder that equipment or individual carry.Transponder also can be contained in the safety label reader of a credit card-sized.Household safe calling system and building access are two kinds of examples of safety and access control application program.
Transport
Transponder can be attached to carrier (for example aircraft, train, truck) and can comprise important information about this carrier and content thereof.Transport application program and comprise aircraft Recognition, train and pig tracking, public transportation ticketing service and weight station application program.
Charge
The toll collection applications program comprises additional transponder to a carrier.This transponder transmits a kind of reader that is encoding to of identification one account of advances, and this reader deducts the fee from the account automatically.
The point of sale
These application programs comprise the electronic surveillance of retail project, fakement prevention and sales transactions and generally include uses independently retail project of transponder mark cheaply, and this transponder is essentially dynamically labeled.
Luggage is handled
Handle application program at a luggage, utilize the RFID transponder, for example intelligent label is followed the trail of luggage to allow aviation luggage processing operation to enter the airport since passenger registration with the aviation luggage mark till this passenger arrives its final destination.
Claims (51)
1. environmental orientation and the real-time item method of following the trail of, it comprises at least:
Receive a plurality of mark reading of data examples, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads from this mark, when this unique identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise a position of containing this correspondence markings with and adhere to the status information of project, these a plurality of mark reading of data examples integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached to a plurality of projects;
Receive one or more environmental information examples, each case description one association can not mark the entity situation, this environmental information points out to comprise a kind of state of a position of this situation, these a plurality of example environment information integrally comprise the information of describing a plurality of situations;
Use the mark reading of data of this reception and environmental information to safeguard phantom item and the virtual situation in the virtual world, this phantom item comprises a kind of object about each commodity, and this virtual situation comprises a kind of object about each situation, and this each object is represented the state of its corresponding project or situation; With
Occur between this situation that detection is represented by virtual situation and phantom item in this virtual world and this project influence each other.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein:
In virtual world about the information of these commodity and this situation by the standardization dimension of the full virtual world of the time of corresponding to, three dimensions and unique identifier, these commodity and situation can be followed the trail of alternately by space and time by this.
3. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Whenever determine one detect influence each other can any commodity of influence the time, the user of a virtual world is sent a caution, wherein this user is a people or a computer program.
4. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Safeguard a kind of expression of the current location of a kind of expression of current location of each commodity and each situation in this virtual world, each this expression all can individually reflect mark reading of data and the environmental information that receives recently.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 also comprises:
By latitude, longitude and highly represent position and situation.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 also comprises:
Safeguard a historical record of product locations and a historical record of its maintenance situation position.
7. method as claimed in claim 5 also comprises:
Derive the predicted value of the following position of at least one commodity from this virtual world based on the historical record of product locations.
8. method as claimed in claim 7 also comprises:
Equally also derive the predicted value of position in this based on the historical record of status location in future.
9. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Safeguard a kind of a kind of expression of representing and safeguarding the current state of each situation of each commodity current state in this virtual world, each this expression all reflects its mark reading of data and environmental information of receiving recently individually.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 also comprises:
Safeguard a historical record of condition of merchandise and a historical record of its maintenance situation state.
11. method as claimed in claim 10 also comprises:
Derive the predicted value of the to-be of at least one commodity from this virtual world based on the historical record of condition of merchandise.
12. method as claimed in claim 11 also comprises:
Equally also derive the predicted value of this to-be based on the historical record of condition status.
13., also comprise as claim 1 or 8 described methods:
Time tag is combined with each mark reading of data example and environmental information, and each time tag is to be synchronized to a single standard.
14. the method for claim 1, wherein:
This can not mark situation comprise a kind of situation relevant with weather; With
The position of situation that should be relevant with weather is by at least one latitude, longitude and highly describe.
15. the method for claim 1, wherein:
This can not mark situation comprise a traffic hazard; With
The position of this traffic hazard is by at least one latitude, longitude and highly describe.
16. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Receive one or more layered system information instances, each example all is a kind of descriptions of layering between between these virtual world representative commodity; With
The layered system information of using this reception is to safeguard environmental objects in this virtual world, each environmental objects is represented one of layered system.
17. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
At least one layered system is a kind of relation between commodity, and wherein some particular commodity is contained in another commodity.
18. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Receiving sensor information, it is to be taken from a sensor that combines with one first commodity; And
Utilize one first entity article of this sensor information renewal about first commodity.
19. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of reception environment information comprises:
Example from external system reception environment information.
20. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of the example of reception environment information comprises:
The example of reception environment information, wherein this example is as comprising the telemetry that is taken from the sensor that combines with an ad-hoc location.
21. method as claimed in claim 20 also comprises:
Receive one by the telemetry that sensor produced, this sensor is and a specified point or regional the combination that this telemetry represents one to be positioned at this specified point or a regional situation; With
When virtual world detect that commodity are arranged on this point that is shown in virtual world or the zone or among and may be influenced by the situation of this telemetry representative the time, user in the virtual world is produced a caution, and wherein this user is a people or a computer program.
22. method as claimed in claim 20 also comprises:
Reception by one with a specified point or the regional temperature data that temperature sensor produced that combines, this temperature data represent this specified point or the zone Current Temperatures; With
Along with these commodity and Current Temperatures are shown in this virtual world, when virtual world detect that commodity are positioned on this point or the zone or among and may be influenced by this current temperature the time, user in the virtual world is produced a caution, and wherein this user is a people or a computer program.
23. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Additional exception temperature to an entity object and
When this exception temperature is satisfied, an operation is taken place.
24. method as claimed in claim 23, wherein:
This operation comprises a user is produced caution, and wherein this user is a people or a computer program.
25. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Additional rule to an entity object can be operated this rule to trigger the caution incident or to cause operation according to the current information in the virtual world.
26. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Additional rule to an environmental objects can be operated this rule to trigger the caution incident or to cause operation according to the current information in the virtual world.
27. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Receive, handle and respond an inquiry, this inquiry is about current or in the past the state of commodity in this virtual world.
28. method as claimed in claim 27 also comprises:
Receive, handle and respond an inquiry about condition of merchandise, these commodity and the particular commodity current or past state in virtual world has a particular kind of relationship to each other.
29. a renewal is attached to the method that one of a project can be write the information of mark, it comprises at least:
Receive first characteristic information of one first project in a system, wherein this first characteristic information is the data that read automatically from one first mark that is attached to this first project, and this first performance data comprises a kind of first identifier of discerning this first project;
Receive second characteristic information of one second project in a system, wherein this second characteristic information is the data that read automatically from one second mark that is attached to this second project, and this second performance data comprises a kind of second identifier of discerning this second project;
Receiving sensor information in a system, its next data that read automatically since a sensor that is bonded to this second project;
Receive relation information in a system, it points out a kind of relation between this first project and second project; In a system, safeguard one first and one second phantom item of this first and second project of expression respectively, this object maintenance information is represented this first characteristic and second characteristic information and this sensor information respectively, and is maintained in a virtual situation of the relation of representing in the system between this first project and second project;
Information Recognition one caution situation in entity and virtual situation, this caution situation is relevant with this first project;
Respond this caution situation and produce the characteristic information that writes to the renewal in this first project;
After this caution situation is identified, in a system, detect existence at this first mark of mark write area; With
When detecting this first mark is when being positioned at this mark write area, and this mark write area is written in this lastest imformation this first mark of this mark write area.
30. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein:
This caution situation is by the application identification outside the system, and this application program receives the information that comes from by the object of system maintenance from this system;
This application program produces a characteristic information that upgrades, and is provided to system in company with the requirement that the characteristic information that requires this renewal writes in this first mark by this application program; With
This requirement of system responses makes this mark write area write this updated information to this first mark.
31. method as claimed in claim 30, wherein:
This first and second phantom item representative one by the virtual world that system safeguarded in pairing project; With
This virtual world of this Application Monitoring.
32. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein:
According to provide to a component recognition of this system that one or more caution rules of this system are operated should the caution situation;
Produce a lastest imformation according to providing to an assembly of this system that one or more update rules of this system are operated; With
According to the rule that can write to one or more data of this system is provided, this mark write area writes to this first mark with this lastest imformation.
33. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein this sensor is to be attached to this second mark.
34. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein this sensor is a temperature sensor.
35. method as claimed in claim 34, wherein:
Because the temperature that sensor measurement goes out surpasses a threshold value, and produces this caution situation; With
This lastest imformation is a kind of data that shorten the keeping life limit about this first project.
36. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein this first is labeled as a radio frequency transponder.
37. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein this first and second identifier is the unique identifier in the whole world.
38. the method that will carry out in a business data processing environment, wherein this environment comprises a plurality of enterprises that are arranged in a supply chain, and described method comprises following steps at least:
The real-time visibility of the item location that this enterprise is arranged in supply chain is provided, and it is to realize by following steps:
Receive a plurality of mark reading of data examples from one first enterprise, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads from this mark, when this identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise contain this correspondence markings with and adhere to a position of project, a plurality of mark reading of data examples of receiving of this first enterprise integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached to a plurality of projects certainly;
This mark reading of data that use receives from first enterprise is safeguarded the configuration information of this project;
Receive a plurality of second mark reading of data examples from second enterprise, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads from this mark, when this unique identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise contain this correspondence markings with and adhere to a position of project, a plurality of mark reading of data examples of receiving of this second enterprise integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached at least one project of a plurality of projects certainly;
This mark reading of data that use receives from second enterprise is safeguarded the configuration information of this project, and wherein the mark reading of data about a specific project that receives from either party enterprise is used to upgrade this configuration information; With
This configuration information can be seen by a plurality of enterprises that comprise this first and second enterprise in this supply chain.
39. method as claimed in claim 38 also comprises:
Receive a plurality of the 3rd mark reading of data examples from one the 3rd enterprise, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the mark identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads automatically from this mark, when this mark identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise a position of containing this correspondence markings with and adhere to project, a plurality of mark reading of data examples of reading of the 3rd enterprise integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached at least one project of a plurality of projects certainly; With
This mark reading of data that use receives from the 3rd enterprise is safeguarded the configuration information of this project, and wherein the mark reading of data about a specific project that receives from either party enterprise is used to upgrade this configuration information.
40. method as claimed in claim 38, wherein:
The mark that is attached to these a plurality of projects comprises radio frequency identification (RFID) mark, and each RFID mark carries an electric product coding (ePC) as its unique mark identifier.
41. method as claimed in claim 38, wherein:
This visibility is the visibility of being controlled; With
This method also comprises:
Receive authorization message, the degree that it points out to make the specific enterprise in this supply chain can see this configuration information; With
Make this specific enterprise only see the configuration information that allows by this authorization message.
42. method as claimed in claim 41, wherein:
This configuration information comprises a plurality of project characteristics; With
This authorization message points out at least one project characteristic, which project characteristic this enterprise can see.
43. method as claimed in claim 38, wherein:
These a plurality of enterprises comprise a source enterprise and a purpose enterprise;
This source enterprise has an order file of an order of being left about this purpose enterprise and transports to prepare to satisfy a shipping file of the order that this purpose enterprise left about physical goods;
Visibility is included in the visibility that concerns between mark reading of data and enterprise's file, and this enterprise's file comprises this order file and this shipping file; And
The real-time visibility of this enterprise's project configuration is provided, and it also comprises:
Reception comprises the shipment information of following message:
About mark identifier corresponding to goods in the shipment;
About each mark identifier is numbered the information that combines with the shipment for shipping file; With
About loading and transporting the information that numbering combines with O/No. for the order file;
This mark reading of data and this shipment information is interrelated; With
This association can be obtained by this purpose enterprise, thereby this purpose enterprise can use a mark identifier about the project in this shipment to confirm this shipment.
44. a method comprises:
Receive one group of rule, which data to one external application is this rule point out to provide;
Receive the project data that comprises project-ID from one or more indicia readers, each project-ID in a figure notation reads is attached to a physical items, and this project-ID can be discerned this project uniquely;
Receive extra project data from other sensor device, this other sensor device is the device different with indicia reader, these extra items data include the additional entities project characteristic except that project-ID, these extra items data are relevant with one or more projects by this indicia reader identification;
Use this rule, project-ID and extra project data to provide the subclass of which project-ID and extra items data to this external application with decision; With
The data of subclass that the project-ID that only comprises this reception and extra items data are provided are to this external application.
45. method as claimed in claim 44, wherein this decision is to carry out in real time and these data are to provide in real time.
46. method as claimed in claim 44 also comprises:
With a project-ID and extra project data in addition polymerization to produce the high-order data; With
These high-order data are provided to this external application.
47. method as claimed in claim 44 also comprises:
Receive data from external application, these data comprise the setting data that is used to control an actuating apparatus;
Changing this setting data is a kind of and form this actuator devices compatibility; With
The setting data that this conversion is provided is to this actuator devices.
48. an essence is contained in the computer program in the information carrier, it is used for environmental orientation and real-time item is followed the trail of, and can operate this computer program so that data processing equipment carries out the following step:
Receive a plurality of mark reading of data examples, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, this information that reads comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads automatically from this mark, when this unique identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise a position of containing this correspondence markings with and adhere to the status information of project, these a plurality of example mark reading of data integral body comprise from the information that mark read that is attached to a plurality of projects;
Receive one or more environmental information examples, each example be with one can not mark the relevant description of entity situation, this environmental information points out to comprise a kind of state of a position of this situation, and these a plurality of environmental information examples integrally comprise the information of describing a plurality of situations;
Use the mark reading of data of this reception and environmental information to safeguard phantom item and virtual situation in the virtual world, this phantom item comprises a kind of object about each commodity, and this virtual situation comprises a kind of object about each situation, and this each object is represented the state of its corresponding project or situation; With
Detection occurs in the virtual world by influencing each other between the situation of this virtual situation and this phantom item representative and project.
49. an essence is contained in the computer program in the information carrier, its can be on the mark write that is attached to a project lastest imformation, can operate this computer program so that messaging device carries out the following step:
Receive first characteristic information of one first project in a system, wherein this first characteristic information is the data that read automatically from one first mark that is attached to this first project, and this first performance data comprises a kind of first identifier of discerning this first project;
Receive second characteristic information of one second project in a system, wherein this second characteristic information is the data that read automatically from one second mark that is attached to this second project, and this second performance data comprises a kind of second identifier of discerning this second project;
Receiving sensor information in a system, its next data that read automatically since a sensor that is bonded to this second project;
Receive relation information in a system, it points out a kind of relation between this first project and second project; In system, safeguard one first and one second phantom item of this first and second project of expression respectively, this object maintenance information is represented this first characteristic and second characteristic information and this sensor information respectively, and safeguards a virtual situation of representing the relation between this first project and second project in system;
Information Recognition one caution situation in entity and virtual situation, this caution situation is relevant with this first project;
Generation one can respond a characteristic information that upgrades of this caution situation, and the characteristic information that will upgrade writes in this first project;
After this caution situation is identified, in a system, detect existence at this first mark of mark write area; With
When detecting this first mark is when being positioned at this mark write area, makes this mark write area this lastest imformation is written in this first mark of this mark write area.
50. an essence is contained in the computer program in the information carrier, it is used for a business data processing environment, and this environment comprises a plurality of enterprises in the supply chain, can operate this computer program so that data processing equipment carries out the following step:
The real-time visibility of the item location that this enterprise is arranged in supply chain is provided, and it is to realize by following steps:
Receive a plurality of mark reading of data examples from one first enterprise, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads automatically from this mark, when this unique identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise a position of containing this correspondence markings with and adhere to the status information of project, a plurality of mark reading of data examples of reading of this enterprise integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached to a plurality of projects certainly;
This mark reading of data that use receives from first enterprise is safeguarded the configuration information of this project;
Receive a plurality of second mark reading of data examples from one second enterprise, each example comprises the information that is read from a mark that is attached to a project, the information that this read comprises the numeric identifier of a kind of uniqueness that reads from this mark, when this unique identifier when this mark is read, each example also comprise a position of containing this correspondence markings with and adhere to project, a plurality of mark reading of data examples of reading of this enterprise integrally comprise from the information that mark read that is attached at least one project of a plurality of projects certainly;
This mark reading of data that use receives from second enterprise is safeguarded the configuration information of this project, and wherein the mark reading of data about a specific project that receives from either party enterprise is used to upgrade this configuration information; With
This configuration information can be seen by a plurality of enterprises that comprise this first and second enterprise in this supply chain.
51. an essence is contained in the computer program in the information carrier, it can carry out data transmission between sensor device and high-order application program, can operate this computer program so that data processing equipment carries out the following step:
Receive one group of rule, which data to one external application is this rule point out to provide;
Receive the project data that comprises project-ID from one or more indicia readers, each project-ID that reads from a figure notation is attached to a physical items, and this project-ID can be discerned this project uniquely;
Receive extra project data from other sensor device, this other sensor device is the device different with indicia reader, these extra items data include the additional entities project characteristic except that project-ID, these extra items data are relevant with one or more projects by this indicia reader identification;
Use this rule, project-ID and extra project data to provide the subclass of which project-ID and extra items data to this external application with decision; And
The data of subclass that the project-ID that only comprises this reception and extra items data are provided are to this external application.
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| US10/137,207 US7151453B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2002-04-30 | Bi-directional data flow in a real time tracking system |
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| US10/210,859 US7290708B2 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2002-07-31 | Integration framework |
| US10/232,764 | 2002-08-30 | ||
| US10/232,764 US6901304B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2002-08-30 | Item tracking system architectures providing real-time visibility to supply chain |
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| US10/255,115 US20030132855A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2002-09-24 | Data communication and coherence in a distributed item tracking system |
| US10/285,381 US6843415B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2002-10-30 | Event-based communication in a distributed item tracking system |
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| US10/340,208 US7969306B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-10 | Context-aware and real-time item tracking system architecture and scenarios |
| PCT/US2003/000819 WO2003060752A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Context-aware and real-time item tracking system architecture and scenarios |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003210490B2 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
| JP2005515135A (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| EP1464005A4 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| CN100378714C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| AU2003210490A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
| EP1464005A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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