CN1635482A - A memory management method for embedded system - Google Patents
A memory management method for embedded system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses imbedded system memory management method, which comprises the following steps: dividing an area for memory area; when memory required by user is larger than the valve value, then it adds an extra memory area for the user outside the memory and releases the added memory after use; otherwise, it is the small memory requirement. The said system memory management method integrates the small memory into the memory pool for alignment and independently requires the large memory.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of management method of internal memory, especially a kind of EMS memory management process that is applied to embedded systems such as digital TV set-top box, PDA.
Background technology
The application of embedded system is very extensive.Since the restriction of embedded system resource, and the frequency of utilization of internal memory is very high, so how to use internal memory to become the problem that people are concerned about very much efficiently.This seems very important with regard to the method that makes managing embedded system memory.
At present, in embedded system, mainly adopt two kinds of memory allocation methods, a kind of is the Memory Allocation strategy of regular length, and another kind is the Memory Allocation strategy of variable-length.
Memory Allocation strategy for variable-length, this method is arranged the memory block of free time with the form of chained list, when the user applies size is the internal memory of size, just the head from chained list begins to search for free memory block, if free memory block is less than size, then continue search,, distribute to the user up to the free memory block that finds enough sizes.During user's releasing memory, just the memory block that discharges is placed on the afterbody of chained list.
This Memory Allocation strategy has significant disadvantages.Because in embedded system, the distribution of internal memory is very frequent with release, and there is the distribution of a large amount of little internal memories.Use this EMS memory management process, after operation after a while, the fritter internal memory will be dispersed in whole internal memory, certainly leads to a large amount of memory fragmentations.At this moment, though system also has a lot of free memories, the user applies for less than internal memory, causes a large amount of internal memory wastes, even causes system crash.
Second kind is the Memory Allocation strategy of regular length.This method is earlier internal memory to be divided into several districts, and each district is divided into equal-sized memory block again.For example, each memory block of first memory field is 16 bytes, and second each memory block of memory field is 32 bytes, and the 3rd each memory block of memory field is 64 bytes, or the like.When the user applies size is the internal memory of size, scan each memory field, find the district at the memory block place of the minimum that is not less than size, from this district, take out a memory block and distribute to the user.During user's releasing memory, again this memory block is given back the district at its place.
The shortcoming of this method is that if the memory block of the memory field that satisfies condition uses up, then the internal memory application is failed.Even other district also has bigger memory block, can not distribute to the user yet.Like this, make internal memory not to be fully used, cause a large amount of wastes.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: propose a kind of EMS memory management process of embedded system, can utilize the memory source of system fully, the system crash that the minimizing system causes owing to internal memory.
A kind of method of managing embedded system memory comprises the steps:
The memory management module of step 1, embedded system marks off a zone as memory pool from internal memory;
Step 2, when the internal memory of user applies during greater than preset threshold, then be big internal memory application, execution in step three; Otherwise, be little internal memory application, execution in step four;
Step 3, user applies be big internal memory, internal memory of region allocation that memory management module is the user beyond memory pool to system's application just after using up, discharges this internal memory;
Step 4, user applies be little internal memory, memory management module just in memory pool for the user distributes an internal memory, after using up, give back memory pool.
EMS memory management process at embedded system of the present invention is distributed by little internal memory is concentrated in the memory pool, and the imperial palace deposit receipt is solely applied for, effectively reduces the memory fragmentation that produces owing to a large amount of little Memory Allocation; Be achieved by feasible data protection and the management of Memory Allocation service thread public internal memory.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the little Memory Allocation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of memory pool structure of the present invention.
Embodiment
In embedded system (as digital TV set-top box or systems such as PDA or mobile phone), the frequency of utilization of internal memory is very high, and a large amount of little Memory Allocation can cause internal memory to produce a lot of fragments.Memory Allocation strategy of the present invention is a certain zone (memory pool) that little Memory Allocation is concentrated on internal memory, avoids making the fritter internal memory to be dispersed in the whole internal memory, can effectively reduce the generation of memory fragmentation like this.As shown in Figure 1,
Concrete grammar is as follows:
The memory management module of step 1, embedded system marks off a zone as memory pool from internal memory;
Step 2, when the internal memory of user applies during greater than preset threshold, then be big internal memory application, execution in step three; Otherwise, be little internal memory application, execution in step four;
Step 3, user applies be big internal memory, internal memory of region allocation that memory management module is the user beyond memory pool to system's application just after using up, discharges this internal memory;
Step 4, user applies be little internal memory, memory management module just in memory pool for the user distributes an internal memory, after using up, give back memory pool.
When user applies size was the internal memory of size, memory management module varied in size according to size's, as defining standard, was divided into big internal memory application and little internal memory application is handled respectively with certain threshold value.Size handles greater than the big internal memory of conduct of threshold value, handles less than the little internal memory of the conduct of threshold value.
The size of threshold value is different and different settings can be arranged according to the occasion of the difference of embedded system and application, situation according to concrete little internal memory application, span is generally between the 32--256, be generally the 2n byte, such as, 256 bytes can be for digital TV set-top box, 128 bytes can be for mobile phone.
The size of memory pool is set according to the size of threshold value, the quantity and the Installed System Memory total amount of the little internal memory of user applies, and the size of inventing described memory pool is the 2--16K byte, as getting the 8K byte for digital TV set-top box.
When user applies be big internal memory the time, internal memory of region allocation that memory management module is the user beyond memory pool to system's application just, internal memory uses up the back and directly discharges.Because the application of all big internal memory all concentrates on outside the memory pool, has so both helped the distribution of success, can avoid a large amount of little internal memory applications again and produce fragment, improved the utilization ratio of internal memory.
If only the distribution with little internal memory concentrates in the memory pool, still adopt original EMS memory management process to manage, though can play certain effect, can not make full use of the resource of memory pool.Therefore, memory management module can be managed this memory pool with a memory management chained list among the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, in memory pool, preceding 8 bytes of internal memory that each section distributed or free memory are as a node of memory management chained list.This nodes records the numbering, the information such as address of next node of memory pool at the state STATE of this section internal memory (distributed or idle), big or small SIZE, this section internal memory place.A represents the node of memory management tabulation among Fig. 2, and B represents the actual internal memory that takies of user, and what the arrow among the figure was represented to store among the NEXT is the address information of next node.
The operating position of internal memory be can monitor easily by above memory management chained list, the distribution and the recovery of internal memory finished.
Be the schematic flow sheet of the little Memory Allocation of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, divide timing in memory pool, memory management module will begin to check one by one from first memory pool.After finding the memory pool that free space is arranged, memory management module is searched for the memory management chained list in this memory pool scope, checks the free space that whether satisfies the demands.If have, then distribute to the user, if do not have, then continue to check next memory pool.The free space if current all memory pools all do not satisfy the demands, memory management module will increase a memory pool to system's application, if apply for successfully, be user's storage allocation in new memory pool then, if the Memory Allocation failure information is then returned in the application failure.
Specifically comprise the steps:
Step 40, memory management module will be from first memory pools;
Step 41, judge whether there is the free memory space in this memory pool; If exist, then execution in step 42; Otherwise execution in step 43;
Step 42, in this memory pool search memory management chained list, judge whether to exist the memory headroom that satisfies the demands according to chained list, if exist, then give the user with Memory Allocation, remaining internal memory is added in the chained list, finish assigning process; Otherwise execution in step 43;
Step 43, judge whether this memory pool is last memory pool, if not, next memory pool then checked, execution in step 41; If then execution in step 44;
Step 44, to system's application, increase a new memory pool; If success then in new memory pool, is given the user with Memory Allocation, remaining internal memory is added in the chained list, finish assigning process; Otherwise the prompting user memory distributes failure, finishes assigning process.
All press the order of its foundation for each memory pool, distribute a numeral to distinguish different memory pools, such as, the label of the memory pool of Jian Liing is 1 at first; The memory pool label of second foundation is 2, and the like.The circulation of described step 40 and step 43 is exactly to travel through all memory pools once, judges whether it is that all memory pool is all full or do not have a free memory that satisfies the demands, as the condition of whether setting up new memory pool.
If the free space that exists in the memory pool is identical with the memory headroom of user's request, then directly gives the user, and revise the state of corresponding node in the chained list this Memory Allocation.
If the free space that exists in the memory pool is greater than the internal memory of user's request, then distribute to the memory headroom of its size of being asked of user, change the list item of this section free memory in the memory management chained list simultaneously, state changes into and taking, size changes the size of user's request into, and NEXT points to remaining memory headroom; Increase the list item of a remaining memory headroom, state is vacant, and size is remaining free space size, and NEXT points to the address of the sensing of former this section free memory NEXT.
Change repeatedly for fear of unnecessary memory management chained list, if in big 16 bytes in space of idle memory headroom than user's request, then directly this section Memory Allocation is used to the user, remaining internal memory is not being joined in the chained list, improve the efficient that little internal memory is handled with this.
During user's releasing memory, memory management module finds node corresponding according to the memory headroom address that the user discharges in the memory management chained list, revise the recorded information of this node, with this section memory marker is idle, and checks the memory headroom that is adjacent in the memory pool.If the memory headroom that is adjacent is a free space, and with the memory headroom that will discharge in same memory pool, then merge them, to satisfy the needs of later Memory Allocation.Check this memory pool then, if this memory pool all is released, then the memory headroom that this memory pool is taken is given back system.
Specifically comprise the steps:
Step 45, memory management module find node corresponding according to the memory headroom address that the user discharges in the memory management chained list;
Whether the memory headroom that step 46, judgement and memory headroom to be recycled are adjacent is free space; If then execution in step 47; Otherwise, revise the recorded information of this node, be idle with this section memory marker, execution in step 48;
Step 47, memory headroom to be recycled and adjacent free memory space are merged, rebulid new linked list units, state be idle, the free space of size after for merging, and NEXT points to the ensuing memory address of whole free space;
Step 48, judge whether that memory headrooms all in the memory pool is the free time, if then discharge this memory pool; Otherwise end dispose procedure.
It should be noted last that: above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the present invention, and not breaking away from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method of managing embedded system memory is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
The memory management module of step 1, embedded system marks off a zone as memory pool from internal memory;
Step 2, when the internal memory of user applies during greater than preset threshold, then be big internal memory application, execution in step three; Otherwise, be little internal memory application, execution in step four;
What ask among step 3, the user is big internal memory, and memory management module is user's internal memory of region allocation beyond memory pool to system's application just, after using up, discharges this internal memory;
Step 4, user applies be little internal memory, memory management module just in memory pool for the user distributes an internal memory, after using up, give back memory pool.
2, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the size of threshold value is different and different settings can be arranged according to the occasion of the difference of embedded system and application, and span is generally 32---between 256 bytes.
3, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the size of described memory pool is 2---the 16K byte.
4, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described all memory pool sizes are identical.
5, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described memory pool is managed by a memory management chained list,
In memory pool, preceding 8 bytes of internal memory that each section distributed or free memory are as a node of memory management chained list.
The information of this node comprises at least: the information such as address of the state STATE of this section internal memory, big or small SIZE and next node.
6, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 4 comprises the steps:
Step 40, memory management module will be from first memory pools;
Step 41, judge whether there is the free memory space in this memory pool; If exist, then execution in step 42; Otherwise execution in step 43;
Step 42, in this memory pool search memory management chained list, judge whether to exist the memory headroom that satisfies the demands according to chained list, if exist, then give the user with Memory Allocation, remaining internal memory is added in the chained list, finish assigning process; Otherwise execution in step 43;
Step 43, judge whether this memory pool is last memory pool, if not, next memory pool then checked, execution in step 41; If then execution in step 44;
Step 44, to system's application, increase a new memory pool; If success then in new memory pool, is given the user with Memory Allocation, remaining internal memory is added in the chained list, finish assigning process; Otherwise the prompting user memory distributes failure, finishes assigning process.
7, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in the described step 42, if in big 16 bytes in space of idle memory headroom than user's request, then directly this section Memory Allocation is used to the user.
8, the method for managing embedded system memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 4, reclaim internal memory and comprise:
Step 45, memory management module find node corresponding according to the memory headroom address that the user discharges in the memory management chained list;
Whether the memory headroom that step 46, judgement and memory headroom to be recycled are adjacent is free space; If then execution in step 47; Otherwise, revise the recorded information of this node, be idle with this section memory marker, execution in step 48;
Step 47, memory headroom to be recycled and adjacent free memory space are merged, rebulid new linked list units, state be idle, the free space of size after for merging, and NEXT points to the ensuing memory address of whole free space;
Step 48, judge whether that memory headrooms all in the memory pool is the free time, if then discharge this memory pool; Otherwise end dispose procedure.
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