CN101221536B - Internal memory managing method and device of embedded system - Google Patents
Internal memory managing method and device of embedded system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101221536B CN101221536B CN2008100568917A CN200810056891A CN101221536B CN 101221536 B CN101221536 B CN 101221536B CN 2008100568917 A CN2008100568917 A CN 2008100568917A CN 200810056891 A CN200810056891 A CN 200810056891A CN 101221536 B CN101221536 B CN 101221536B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a memory management method and a device for an embedded type system. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, a memory is divided into a plurality of large memory zones with unequal memory capacities; secondly, when an application program begins to run, a large memory zone which is matched with a maximum memory requirement value of the application program is allocated for the application program; thirdly, a small memory is allocated for the application program in the matched large memory zone by utilization of heap means; fourthly, when the small memory is released by the application program by utilization of heap means, the small memory is combined with adjacent and free small memories; when the application program stops running, the matched large memory zone is released. The invention avoids a large amount of memory fragmentations, quickens speed of memory fragmentation defrag and avoids the necessity in a memory pool means of calculation of the size and number of each memory which needs for dynamic allocation of each application program.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to embedded system, particularly relate to the EMS memory management process and the device of embedded system.
Background technology
Memory management is a very important ring in the embedded system.Mainly contain two kinds of memory management modes at present.
1, heap mode:
It realizes that fundamental mechanism is to distribute an internal memory by the application program actual size on continuous system heap space, and the internal memory that has distributed can carry out fragment to two internal memories in front and back automatically when the user discharges and merge with the management of chained list serial connection.Its advantage is not waste internal memory.
Because be on continuous space, to distribute, so the fragment that can carry out to a certain degree merges.After its shortcoming is operation a period of time, can be because the internal memory that the memory overflow that is difficult to avoid and other application programs take diverse location, produce a large amount of memory fragmentations, it is enough to cause having total free memory space, but distributes the memory fragmentation phenomenon less than the internal memory of corresponding size.
2, memory pool mode:
It realizes that fundamental mechanism is a little internal memory of dividing the different brackets size by certain particle size from small to large, and the little internal memory of each grade size respectively disposes some.When application program is obtained internal memory, just be in the little Memory Allocation of facing size between the grade mutually and give application program by size of searching.
It has solved the fragment phenomenon to a certain extent, but its shortcoming is very tangible, and the little interior poke that is exactly each grade size is not easy statistics, can only dispose as far as possible, wastes internal memory easily; Secondly different application programs is bigger to internal memory size requirements difference under difference operation input condition, and system can both normally move in order to guarantee, has aggravated this redundant configuration, under some situation or even irrealizable.The application program memory overflow phenomenon that is difficult at last avoid can cause low memory.
Summary of the invention
The problem that institute of the present invention desire solves is, a kind of EMS memory management process and device of embedded system is provided, and to solve the memory fragmentation problem in the embedded system, guarantees the demand of application program, avoids the application program memory overflow to cause low memory simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of EMS memory management process of embedded system, be used to the application assigned internal memory, comprising:
Step 1, internal memory is divided into the big memory field that a plurality of memory capacity do not wait, during division, determine the number of described big memory field, determine the size of each big memory field according to the required maximum memory requirements of each application program according to the maximum concurrent number of the application program of described embedded system;
Step 2, when an application program brings into operation, the big memory field that is complementary for the maximum memory requirements of described application assigned one and described application program;
Step 3 utilizes the heap mode in the big memory field of described coupling, is described application assigned one little internal memory;
When step 4, described application program utilization heap mode discharged described little internal memory, the little internal memory that described little internal memory and the little internal memory that is discharged is adjacent and idle merged, and discharged the big memory field of described coupling during described application program end of run.
Step 2 further comprises: a chained list is set, points to the big memory field of described coupling, in order to the size of each the little internal memory in the big memory field that writes down described coupling and indicate that the state of each little internal memory is whether idle.
Step 2 further comprises: the big memory field of the described coupling of mark is occupied, and writes down the corresponding relation of the big memory field of described application program and described coupling.
Step 3 further comprises: the memory size of intercepting actual needs in described little internal memory, utilize a catena of described chained list to write down the memory size of the actual needs that intercepts in the described little internal memory and state for being used, generate the memory size that another catena writes down remaining continuous idle component in the described little internal memory, and be labeled as the free time.
Step 4 further comprises: with the status modifier in the catena of the little internal memory that discharged for idle, whether the state of judging the catena adjacent with this catena is idle, if with the big or small addition of the little internal memory of two catenas, deletion is a catena wherein.
The invention also discloses a kind of memory management device of embedded system, be used to the application assigned internal memory, comprising:
One big internal memory zoning sub-module, be used for internal memory is divided into the big memory field that a plurality of memory capacity do not wait, wherein, the number of described big memory field depends on the maximum concurrent number of the application program of described embedded system, and the size of each big memory field is to determine according to the required maximum memory requirements of each application program;
One big internal memory district distributes module, is used for when an application program brings into operation the big memory field that is complementary for the maximum memory requirements of described application assigned one and described application program;
One little memory allocating module utilizes the heap mode in the big memory field of described coupling, is described application assigned one little internal memory;
One internal memory merges recycling module, be used for when described application program utilization heap mode discharges described little internal memory, the little internal memory that described little internal memory and the little internal memory that is discharged is adjacent and idle merges, and when described application program end of run, reclaim the big memory field of the described coupling that described application program discharges.
Whether described device also comprises a chained list generation module, is used to generate a chained list, utilize catena to write down the size of each little internal memory in the big memory field of described coupling and be used.
Effect of the present invention is, has avoided a large amount of memory fragmentations, has accelerated the speed of memory fragmentation housekeeping.Avoided needing in the memory pool mode to add up every size, number that needs dynamic assigning memory of each application program.Even there is a small amount of memory overflow in application program, along with the application program life cycle disappears automatically, operation does not impact to system.In addition, because memory partitioning considers the extreme value of application program to the demand of amount of memory, guaranteed that application program under the situation of peak value input, can apply for obtaining the memory source of any size.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that Embedded System Structure synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that memory management process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below cooperate embodiment and accompanying drawing, describe technical characterictic of the present invention in detail.
In the present invention,, satisfy the memory requirements of application program, avoid internal memory to reveal the low memory that causes, the present invention proposes a kind of new EMS memory management process in order better to solve the problem of memory fragmentation.The overall stack internal memory of system is marked a small amount of several big memory field (A, B that differ in size ... Z), after before the application program actual motion, applying for a certain big memory field, apply for, discharge needed each fritter internal memory in the application program with the heap mode again, before and after carrying out in the process that discharges near the merging arrangement of free memory, discharge whole big memory field when application program withdraws from.
See also and Figure 1 shows that Embedded System Structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embedded system 100 comprises memory management module 101 and internal memory 102.Other necessary modules of the prior art wouldn't be given unnecessary details.
101 pairs of internal memories of memory management module 102 carry out unified management, utilize chained list to manage assignable Dram in each big memory field, realize the distribution and the recovery of internal memory.
Wherein, this memory management module 101 comprises that further a big internal memory zoning sub-module 11, one big internal memory district distributes module 12, one little memory allocating module 13, an internal memory to merge recycling module 14, a chained list generation module 15.
Before system's operation, need utilize big internal memory zoning sub-module 11, the overall stack internal memory is carried out unified planning, internal memory 102 is divided into the big memory field that N memory capacity does not wait.The number N of big memory field depends on the maximum concurrent number of embedded system application program, and for example, N is equal to, or greater than maximum concurrent number.Simultaneously, the maximum memory requirements required according to the peak performance index of each application program, particularly each application program determined the size of each big memory field.That is, each big memory field is all corresponding to an application program, and each big memory field is equal to or greater than the maximum memory requirements of this application program.
Big internal memory district distributes module 12 to be used for when an application program brings into operation, and according to the maximum memory requirements of described application program, is the big memory field of described application assigned one coupling;
Little memory allocating module 13 is used for the memory size according to described application program actual needs, in the big memory field of described coupling, is described application assigned one little internal memory;
Internal memory merges recycling module 14 and is used for when described application program discharges described little internal memory, the little internal memory that described little internal memory and the little internal memory that is discharged is adjacent and idle merges, and when described application program end of run, reclaim the big memory field of the described coupling that described application program discharges.
Whether chained list generation module 15 is used to generate a chained list, utilizes catena to write down the information of each little internal memory in the big memory field of this coupling, comprise the size of little internal memory and be used, and each catena links together.
See also and Figure 2 shows that and below will describe operating process of the present invention in detail by memory management process flow diagram of the present invention according to Fig. 2.
Step 201 when an application program brings into operation, is at first sent the request of big memory field to this memory management module 101, comprises the maximum memory M that this application program is required and the identifier S of this application program in this request;
Along with the order of a plurality of processes of application program is carried out, this application program needed internal memory in operational process can have a span, can obtain this maximum memory M by pre-estimating or program setting;
Step 202, the big internal memory district of memory management module 101 distributes module 12 according to maximum memory M, searching one memory size mates the most and is idle big memory field A in N big memory field, after finding, identify this big memory field A for being used, and write down the corresponding relation of big memory field A and application program S;
If do not find, the maximum concurrent number that reaches system application is described, return failure;
Step 203 utilizes chained list generation module 15 to generate and initialization one chained list, points to the big memory field A of this free time;
This chained list can realize with single-track link table or doubly linked list, below is that example describes with the doubly linked list.During initialization, include only a doubly linked list head node, on behalf of this whole big memory field A, the starting point of this big memory field A of its pointed be all idle condition;
In fact, in the process of the follow-up further distribution to big memory field, release, big internal memory zoning can be divided into a plurality of little internal memories, each little internal memory is all by doubly linked list management and corresponding with a catena.Each catena comprises two pointer fields, points to the front and back Dram of current Dram respectively, also comprises a data field, has a busy flag whether, and it is occupied or idle being used to indicate current Dram, and the size of current little internal memory;
Step 204, application program S will send little memory request to memory management module 101 according to the operation demand;
Comprise the identifier S of application program and the little memory size X that request distributes in this request;
Step 205, the little memory allocating module 13 of memory management module 101 finds corresponding with it big memory field A according to the identifier S of application program, and the traversal doubly linked list is sought the catena greater than X and the little internal memory correspondence of free time;
Step 206, if find, the little internal memory of intercepting one X size uses for this application program S in the little internal memory of this catena correspondence, remaining idle component carries out record by a newly-generated catena, and be articulated in this chained list, and return the internal memory pointer of this newly assigned free time, if do not find, return failure;
Wherein, the catena of this little internal memory correspondence that is intercepted is flagged as occupied, the first address of the remaining idle component of right pointed, memory size is X, the end address of the application heap of the X size that the left pointed of the catena that this is newly-generated is intercepted, be masked as the free time, right pointer remains unchanged, and still points to the end address of this preceding Dram of not intercepting;
If application program S is the little internal memory of application constantly, then little memory allocating module 13 is constantly sought according to this step 204-206 and is masked as idle catena, after distributing, constantly expands this doubly linked list;
Step 207 when application program S need discharge this little internal memory, will be sent one and discharge request, comprising the identifier S of application program and the pointer that points to the little internal memory that requires release;
Step 208, the internal memory of memory management module 101 merges recycling module 14 and finds big memory field A according to this identifier S, the pointer of the little internal memory that discharges according to this requirement is located this catena, discharge the little internal memory of this catena correspondence, be revised as the whether busy flag of this catena idle to reclaim;
Whether the little internal memory in front and back that step 209, internal memory merge the little internal memory next-door neighbour of recycling module 14 inspections and release just also is the free time, if, continuous and idle Dram is merged, and delete a wherein catena, if not, execution in step 210 continued;
Wherein, if the little memory size phase adduction of two continuous catenas is deleted a wherein catena.
Step 210, application program S finishes operation, then discharges this big memory field A to this memory management module 101, and internal memory merges sign that is used and the corresponding application program sign that recycling module 14 is removed this big memory field A.
No matter whether application program S discharges all Drams, and this big memory field A uses as the continuous empty memory field storehouse of next application program, and memory management module 101 will be searched idle Dram and distribute according to the described step of Fig. 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
When 1, application program withdraws among the present invention,, avoided a large amount of memory fragmentations with discharging the memory field that continuous defragmentation is quite automatically crossed.
2, the present invention internally deposits into and has gone subregion, makes that the speed of the application program memory fragmentation housekeeping that must carry out in service is accelerated.
3, avoided needing in the memory pool mode to add up every size, number that needs dynamic assigning memory of each application program.
Even there is a small amount of memory overflow in 4 application programs, along with the application program life cycle disappears automatically, operation does not impact to system.
5,, guaranteed that application program under the situation of peak value input, can apply for obtaining the memory source of any size because memory partitioning is considered the extreme value of application program to the demand of amount of memory.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the EMS memory management process of an embedded system is used to the application assigned internal memory, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, internal memory is divided into the big memory field that a plurality of memory capacity do not wait, during division, determine the number of described big memory field, determine the size of each big memory field according to the required maximum memory requirements of each application program according to the maximum concurrent number of the application program of described embedded system;
Step 2, when an application program brings into operation, the big memory field that is complementary for the maximum memory requirements of described application assigned one and described application program;
Step 3 utilizes the heap mode in the big memory field of described coupling, is described application assigned one little internal memory;
When step 4, described application program utilization heap mode discharged described little internal memory, the little internal memory that described little internal memory and the little internal memory that is discharged is adjacent and idle merged, and discharged the big memory field of described coupling during described application program end of run.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step 2 further comprises:
One chained list is set, points to the big memory field of described coupling, in order to the size of each the little internal memory in the big memory field that writes down described coupling and indicate that the state of each little internal memory is whether idle.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that step 2 further comprises:
The big memory field of the described coupling of mark is occupied, and writes down the corresponding relation of the big memory field of described application program and described coupling.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, step 3 further comprises: the memory size of intercepting actual needs in described little internal memory, utilize a catena of described chained list to write down the memory size of the actual needs that intercepts in the described little internal memory and state for being used, generate the memory size that another catena writes down remaining continuous idle component in the described little internal memory, and be labeled as the free time.
5. as claim 2 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that step 4 further comprises:
Status modifier in the catena of the little internal memory that discharged for idle, is judged whether the state of the catena adjacent with this catena is the free time, if, delete a wherein catena with the big or small addition of the little internal memory of two catenas.
6. the memory management device of an embedded system is used to the application assigned internal memory, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One big internal memory zoning sub-module, be used for internal memory is divided into the big memory field that a plurality of memory capacity do not wait, wherein, the number of described big memory field depends on the maximum concurrent number of the application program of described embedded system, and the size of each big memory field is to determine according to the required maximum memory requirements of each application program;
One big internal memory district distributes module, is used for when an application program brings into operation the big memory field that is complementary for the maximum memory requirements of described application assigned one and described application program;
One little memory allocating module utilizes the heap mode in the big memory field of described coupling, is described application assigned one little internal memory;
One internal memory merges recycling module, be used for when described application program utilization heap mode discharges described little internal memory, the little internal memory that described little internal memory and the little internal memory that is discharged is adjacent and idle merges, and when described application program end of run, reclaim the big memory field of the described coupling that described application program discharges.
7. whether device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises a chained list generation module, is used to generate a chained list, utilize catena to write down the size of each little internal memory in the big memory field of described coupling and be used.
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