CN1624778A - RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus - Google Patents
RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1624778A CN1624778A CNA2004100923817A CN200410092381A CN1624778A CN 1624778 A CN1624778 A CN 1624778A CN A2004100923817 A CNA2004100923817 A CN A2004100923817A CN 200410092381 A CN200410092381 A CN 200410092381A CN 1624778 A CN1624778 A CN 1624778A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- level
- circuit
- minidisc
- gain control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
- G11B20/10018—Improvement or modification of read or write signals analog processing for digital recording or reproduction
- G11B20/10027—Improvement or modification of read or write signals analog processing for digital recording or reproduction adjusting the signal strength during recording or reproduction, e.g. variable gain amplifiers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10009—Improvement or modification of read or write signals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides an RF circuit to suppress fluctuations of an RF signal produced by a blemish on a disk or the like in an RF circuit for a compact disk reproducing device. When a state in which the amplitude level of an RF signal is equal to or lower than a predetermined level is detected by a DEF signal generation unit 36 (RF signal level detection unit), an auto-gain control unit (AGC) 34 suppresses the amplification factor thereof to be lower than the amplification factor when the state is not detected. Thereby, the increase and the variation of the RF signal at the time of returning from a level lowering caused by a scratch or the like are suppressed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in minidisc regeneration apparatus, carry out the RF circuit of RF (Rdio Frequency) signal Processing.
Background technology
In the past, in minidisc regeneration apparatus, via light being picked up RF amplifier (RF circuit) that RF signal that device obtains amplifies, the output signal of RF amplifier being carried out the digital signal processing portion (DSP) of processing such as clock regeneration, synchronous detection, demodulation, error-detecting, error correction, the output signal of DSP carried out the D/A converter (DAC) of analog-converted etc., to generate final output signal.
Wherein, in the RF amplifier, be provided with the roughly consistent automatic gain control enlarging section (AGC) of amplitude level that make the RF signal.And input is from the RF signal of this AGC output in DSP.
And then, in the RF amplifier, be provided with: the tracking error output signal generating unit (TE signal generating unit) that generates tracking error output signal (TE signal); Generate the focusing error output signal generating unit (FE signal generating unit) of focusing error output signal (FE signal).The TE signal is enlarged into this level of tracking according to the level of the RF signal that the AGC from the RF amplifier exports.During this TE signal is used in and follow the trail of revises etc.In addition, the same basis of FE signal is enlarged into this level of tracking from the level of the RF signal of the AGC output of RF amplifier.During this FE signal is used in and focus on revises etc.In addition, as AGC, be disclosed in the structure in the patent documentation 1 as can be known.
[patent documentation 1]
Open flat 5-25845 communique in fact
In addition, in existing this minidisc regeneration apparatus, if in CD, exist to scratch, then with this scratch produce position corresponding during in, the amplitude level of RF signal descends.Fig. 4 represents the wherein figure of an example.In Fig. 4, epimere is the waveform of the RF signal after AGC output, and hypomere is the waveform of TE signal, and transverse axis is the time, and the longitudinal axis is the level of each signal.In addition, be Td with scratching during corresponding.
Here, because AGC makes the RF signal maintain the level of regulation, so scratch and under the state that level reduces, this gain becomes maximum in correspondence.Therefore, the level at the RF signal will turn back to common electrical at ordinary times from this state, the level of RF signal and change increase (arrow A of Fig. 4) thereof.The result is according to circumstances different, has produced the problem that can't carry out signal regeneration as usual.
In addition, as mentioned above, the TE signal is exaggerated according to the level of the RF signal of exporting from AGC.Therefore, the level of RF signal reduce during when finishing, the level variation interlock of the level of TE signal and above-mentioned RF signal and change (arrow B of Fig. 4), the result is according to circumstances different, exist in follow the trail of revise etc. in the problem of generation faults.In addition, though not shown, also produce same level variation for the FE signal.
Summary of the invention
RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus of the present invention possesses: adjustment is from the automatic gain control enlarging section of the amplitude level of the RF signal of adapter; With to detect the RF signal that is amplified by described automatic gain control enlarging section identical with specified level or be lower than the RF signal level detection portion of specified level; Described automatic gain control enlarging section, the RF signal is identical with specified level or when being lower than specified level being detected by described RF signal level detection portion, compares when not detecting, and the lowland suppresses its magnification.
In addition, in described RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus, it is identical with specified level or when being lower than specified level, described automatic gain control amplifier preferably substantially stops the amplification of RF signal to detect the RF signal in described RF signal level detection portion.
In addition, in described RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus, preferably also have current supply portion, it is according to the output signal from described RF signal level detection portion, supplies with the electric current that the amplification substance that is used to make the RF signal stops to described automatic gain control enlarging section.
Have, in described RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus, described RF signal level detection quality award from the ministry is selected the scuffing test section of doing to detect the scuffing on the mini disc for use again.
Also have, minidisc regeneration apparatus of the present invention possesses with integrated circuit: described RF circuit; With output, be used for the servocontrol portion of movable agency of servocontrol regulation according to described RF circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of an example of pith structure of the minidisc regeneration apparatus of expression embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure of an example of the pith structure that is included in the RF amplifier (RF circuit) in the minidisc regeneration apparatus of expression embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the figure of expression by the example of the waveform of the RF signal, DEF signal and the TE signal that are included in RF amplifier (RF circuit) output in the minidisc regeneration apparatus of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the waveform of the RF signal of the RF amplifier output of expression from be included in existing minidisc regeneration apparatus and TE signal.
Among the figure: the 10-minidisc regeneration apparatus, 12-adapter (P/U), the 12a-object lens, the 14-integrated circuit, 16-DSP (digital signal processing portion), 18-DAC (digital analog converter), 20-MPU (microprocessing unit), 22-RF amplifier, the 24-correction portion that gains, 26-servocontrol portion, the 28-driver, the 30-spindle drive motor, 32-addition operation division, 33-LPF (low-pass filter), 34-AGC (automatic gain control enlarging section), 36-DEF signal generating unit, 38-TE signal generating unit, 40-FE signal generating unit.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, preferred implementation of the present invention is described.Fig. 1 is the figure of an example of pith structure of the minidisc regeneration apparatus 10 of expression present embodiment, Fig. 2 is the figure of an example that expression is included in the pith structure of the RF amplifier (RF circuit) in the minidisc regeneration apparatus 10, in addition, Fig. 3 is the figure of the example of the waveform of each signal (RF, DEF, TE signal) of generation in the expression RF amplifier 22.In addition, in Fig. 3, epimere is RF, and the stage casing is DEF, and hypomere is TE, and transverse axis is the time, and the longitudinal axis is the level of each signal.
The optical disk reproducing apparatus 10 of Fig. 1 comprises adapter 12, integrated circuit 14, DSP (digital signal processor) 16, DAC (digital analog converter) 18, MPU (microprocessing unit) 20, driver 28 and spindle drive motor 30.
Integrated circuit 14 comprises RF amplifier 22, gain correction portion 24, servocontrol portion 26 etc.
Wherein, 22 pairs of RF signals from adapter 12 outputs of RF amplifier carry out processing such as additive operation, filtering, amplification.Structure and processing about this RF amplifier 22 are described in detail afterwards.
DSP16 carries out processing such as clock regeneration, synchronous detection, demodulation, error-detecting, error correction to the signal from 22 outputs of RF amplifier.And the output of DSP16 is imported among the DAC18, is converted to simulating signal here.In addition, MPU20 plays a role as the systems control division of the various piece of control integrated circuit 14 or DSP16.
The RF amplifier 22 of Fig. 2 comprises addition operation division 32, AGC (automatic gain control enlarging section) 34, DEF signal generating unit 36, TE signal generating unit 38, FE signal generating unit 40 and current supply portion 42.
In RF amplifier 22, at first in addition operation division 32 with main signal (A, B, C, D) addition, and the signal after the addition is input among the AGC34.
AGC34 roughly is adjusted into the constant level of regulation for the RF signal amplitude level with input, and makes this Gain Automatic variation.Specifically, for example, built-in comparer (not shown), and in this comparer, compare the amplitude level of RF signal and the datum of regulation.At this moment, reduce its gain more if the amplitude level of RF signal is higher than datum more, the amplitude level of RF signal is lower than datum more increases its gain more, then can realize above-mentioned gain adjustment.Therefore, for example, can constitute the reference potential variation that makes specific transistor (not shown) according to this level difference (voltage), along with electric current between this transistorized E-C increases, the gain amplifier of RF signal increases.
DEF signal generating unit 36 generates fault-signal (DEF) according to the RF signal from AGC34 output.Here the DEF signal of Sheng Chenging is imported into DSP16 or gain correction portion 24.In addition, DEF signal generating unit 36 is used as the scuffing test section that detects the scuffing that produces in the CD.
DEF signal generating unit 36 as shown in Figure 3, and is identical with defined threshold th or when being lower than defined threshold at the peak level of RF signal, generates the signal that becomes H (height) level.Fig. 3 (a) is in the peak level at the RF signal is in during general whole below the threshold value th, DEF becomes the example of the situation of H level, in addition, be in peak level with respect to the RF signal is in during whole below the threshold value th (b), shorten DFF become the H level during the example of situation.And in the example of (b), no matter the RF signal is the length of Td between decrement phase, and in the Ta, becomes the H level during becoming constantly later fixing of threshold value th.
TE signal generating unit 38 for example as E-F, generates tracking error signal (TE) according to auxiliary signal (E, F).In addition, TE signal generating unit 38 cooperates from the amplitude level of the RF signal of AGC34 output, and TE is amplified.Therefore, the amplitude level of TE links with the amplitude level of the RF signal of exporting from AGC34.
In addition, FE signal generating unit 40 for example as (A+C)-(B+D), generates focus error signal (FE) based on the main signal (A, B, C, D) from adapter 12 outputs.In addition, FE signal generating unit 40 cooperates from the amplitude level of the RF signal of AGC34 output, and FE is amplified.And FE or TE are imported into servocontrol portion 26, and are used for the servocontrol of each one.
And, in the RF of present embodiment amplifier 22, the mechanism of the gain the when gain of the AGC34 when possessing the level that makes the RF signal and being lower than the defined threshold level is lower than it and does not reduce.Like this, can be when the recovering state that reduces from the level of RF signal, the gain that suppresses AGC34 increases, and the level that suppresses the RF signal increases and change.
In the RF of Fig. 2 amplifier 22, in this mechanism, use DEF.As mentioned above, DEF represents to be in identical with defined threshold th or to be lower than the state of defined threshold from the RF signal of AGC34 output.That is,, just can realize this mechanism as long as the gain of the AGC34 when making DEF be the H level is lower than the gain of (when being the L level) when not being the H level.In addition, can also be provided with and DEF signal generating unit 36 peak levels different, that detect the RF signal or the circuit of average level, and utilize its output.In this case, the waveform (pulse width of H level) and being suitable for that is suitable for the signal of the AGC34 control waveform of following the tracks of the DEF signal of correction or other controls can and be deposited.
And the mechanism as being used to suppress the AGC34 gain is provided with current supply portion 42 in the RF of Fig. 2 amplifier 22.Current supply portion 42 for example comprises constant-current circuit, and at DEF signal (perhaps represent RF signal descend signal) when being the H level, and in order to reduce the gain of AGC34, and the fixed point in the AGC34 circuit is supplied with predetermined electric current.As an example, as mentioned above, constituting: AGC34 is according to the level difference of the amplitude level and the regulation datum of RF signal, the reference potential of special transistor is changed, if the electric current between this transistorized E-C increases, then the gain amplifier of RF signal increase, situation under, as long as from current supply portion 42 supplying electric currents, get final product so that the electric current between E-C reduces.Here, when this transistor was positive-negative-positive, because if reference potential uprises, then the gain of electric current minimizing and AGC34 reduced between E-C, as long as, reference potential is risen gets final product so will supply to this transistorized base stage from the electric current (+) of current supply portion 42.And, in this case, be preferably in during current supply portion 42 supplying electric currents in the value of its electric current of decision so that AGC34 amplification RF signal substantially not.
(a) of Fig. 3 and (b) expression constitute DEF become the H level during in, make the waveform of each signal under the situation that the enlarging function of AGC34 substantially stops.In addition, the (a) and (b) of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are illustrated in the signal waveform that obtains under the identical condition (scuffing of optical disk reading face).That is, if comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 then suppress the gain of AGC34 and the effect brought as can be known.
At first, as mentioned above, (a) of Fig. 3 be cross over the amplitude level (peak level) of RF signal identical with setting th or be lower than setting during the roughly whole zone of Td, export the H level with as DEF, the waveform the when enlarging function of AGC34 substantially stops.If comparison diagram 3 (a) and Fig. 4, then as can be known: in Fig. 3 (a), the cataclysm A of the RF signal after the level that generates among the RF of Fig. 4 recovers disappears, and in addition, the level variation B that the TE of Fig. 4 generates also diminishes.
In addition, (b) of Fig. 3 be only more identical than the amplitude level (peak level) of RF signal with setting th or be lower than setting during Td short specified time limit in the Ts, the waveform when substantially stopping the enlarging function of AGC34.In this case, compare as can be known with Fig. 4: the change of RF, TE all diminishes.In Fig. 3 (b), only than during Td short during in the Ts, AGC34 becomes disconnection, if AGC34 temporarily becomes disconnection, then because returning normal state (state that gain changes according to the RF amplitude) elapsed time before, so after the Ts, the gain of AGC34 can not increase during being through with at once.Therefore, obtained above-mentioned effect.But (a) if of comparison diagram 3 and (b), then (a) can obtain bigger effect.
As above illustrated, according to the present invention, by when the amplitude level of RF signal reduces, suppressing the gain of AGC, thereby suppress RF signal or TE electrical level rising and change, even suppress to result from this detonieren etc.In addition, though omitted diagram and detailed description,, for FE, also roughly the same with TE, electrical level rising and change are suppressed.In addition, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, also can carry out various distortion such as equivalent electrical circuit.
Claims (5)
1. RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus is characterized in that possessing:
Adjustment is from the automatic gain control enlarging section of the amplitude level of the RF signal of adapter; With
It is identical with specified level or be lower than the RF signal level detection portion of specified level to detect the RF signal that is amplified by described automatic gain control enlarging section;
Described automatic gain control enlarging section, the RF signal is identical with specified level or when being lower than specified level being detected by described RF signal level detection portion, compares when not detecting, and the lowland suppresses its magnification.
2. RF circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
It is identical with specified level or when being lower than specified level, described automatic gain control amplifier substantially stops the amplification of RF signal to detect the RF signal in described RF signal level detection portion.
3. RF circuit according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Also have current supply portion, it is according to the output signal from described RF signal level detection portion, supplies with the electric current that the amplification substance that is used to make the RF signal stops to described automatic gain control enlarging section.
4. according to any one described RF circuit in the claim 1~3, it is characterized in that described RF signal level detection portion is as the scuffing test section that detects the scuffing on the mini disc.
5. minidisc regeneration apparatus integrated circuit is characterized in that possessing:
Each described RF circuit in the claim 1~4; With
According to the output of described RF circuit, be used for the servocontrol portion of the movable agency of servocontrol regulation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003402183 | 2003-12-01 | ||
JP2003402183A JP2005166151A (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2003-12-01 | Radio frequency circuit for compact disk reproducing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1624778A true CN1624778A (en) | 2005-06-08 |
CN1321408C CN1321408C (en) | 2007-06-13 |
Family
ID=34616734
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2004100923817A Expired - Fee Related CN1321408C (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-11-10 | RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050118972A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005166151A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100583711B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1321408C (en) |
HK (1) | HK1073919A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200519886A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7783318B2 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2010-08-24 | Wilson Electronics | Cellular network amplifier with automated output power control |
JP2009070510A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Sony Corp | Reproduction device and reproduction method |
CA2814303A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-26 | Cellphone-Mate, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for radio frequency signal boosters |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1020516C (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1993-05-05 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Processing circuit for signal |
JPH04289516A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-10-14 | Alpine Electron Inc | Data slicing circuit for optical disk reproducing device |
JP2674522B2 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1997-11-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Scratch detection circuit in optical disk device |
JPH08235586A (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-09-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Optical type signal reproducing device |
KR19990055444A (en) * | 1997-12-27 | 1999-07-15 | 윤종용 | Disc scratch detection circuit of optical disc player |
KR100260435B1 (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-07-01 | 윤종용 | Servo compansation and apparatus for optical disc having defect |
JP2001023197A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-26 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Drive device of optical record medium |
JP3808683B2 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2006-08-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Optical disk device |
JP4422855B2 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2010-02-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Wobble signal regeneration circuit |
JP3622650B2 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2005-02-23 | ティアック株式会社 | Optical disk device |
JP2002150576A (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-24 | Sony Corp | Device and method for reproduction, and recording medium |
KR100382733B1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2003-05-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Automatic gain controller for preventing peaking and method for preventing peaking in optical disc reproducing system |
JPWO2002086873A1 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2004-08-12 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Optical disc, information recording / reproducing method and information recording / reproducing apparatus using the same |
-
2003
- 2003-12-01 JP JP2003402183A patent/JP2005166151A/en active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-07-28 TW TW093122496A patent/TW200519886A/en unknown
- 2004-11-10 CN CNB2004100923817A patent/CN1321408C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-24 US US10/997,207 patent/US20050118972A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-30 KR KR1020040099060A patent/KR100583711B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-09-01 HK HK05107664A patent/HK1073919A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050053011A (en) | 2005-06-07 |
JP2005166151A (en) | 2005-06-23 |
TW200519886A (en) | 2005-06-16 |
US20050118972A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
KR100583711B1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
CN1321408C (en) | 2007-06-13 |
HK1073919A1 (en) | 2005-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6510112B1 (en) | Drive apparatus for optical recording medium | |
US6611485B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for correcting asymmetry of optical disk reproducing system | |
US6992961B2 (en) | Optical disk apparatus which determines the type of optical disk | |
CN1163874C (en) | Circuit and method for detecting image signal in CD driver | |
CN1624778A (en) | RF circuit for minidisc regeneration apparatus | |
US20070058502A1 (en) | Servo system and related method of adjusting the magnitude of detecting signals outputted from a pick-up head before utilizing the detecting signals to generate servo signals | |
US5553040A (en) | Offset compensation apparatus for tracking error signal of optical recording reproduction apparatus | |
CN1079970C (en) | Error signal generating circuit | |
US6353585B1 (en) | Apparatus and method of forming evaluation signal used in adjusting focus bias and adjusting skew of disk drive | |
CN100342431C (en) | Laser noise elimination circuit and optical disc device | |
US6339565B1 (en) | Non-linear center-error generator for DVD servo control | |
US5953305A (en) | Method for detecting mirror signal and the same circuit | |
US20050201253A1 (en) | Optical reproducing apparatus and method with automatic gain control | |
US7009918B2 (en) | Information storage apparatus | |
US20060007806A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for generating a tracking error signal in an optical disc drive | |
KR20000019682A (en) | Method for adjusting laser power of laser recording/reproducing apparatus | |
KR960007894B1 (en) | Focus servo apparatus of disk player | |
US7633840B2 (en) | Optimizing focus point for optical disc | |
JP2000285484A (en) | Focus-balance adjusting device and disk reproducing apparatus | |
CN1619666A (en) | Tracking gain control method and tracking control circuit | |
JP2010152951A (en) | Optical disk drive device | |
US20080297819A1 (en) | Servo control apparatus in optical disc device and method of controlling servo | |
JP4647555B2 (en) | LASER POWER CONTROL DEVICE, OPTICAL DISK DEVICE, LASER POWER CONTROL METHOD, CONTROL PROGRAM, AND RECORDING MEDIUM | |
JP3946180B2 (en) | Optical disk device and method for controlling optical disk device | |
US20100117827A1 (en) | Method for current reduction for an analog circuit in a data read-out system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1073919 Country of ref document: HK |
|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20070613 Termination date: 20201110 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |