CN1619184A - Circle periodic curve surface opposite top driving unit and driving system composed of same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circumferential periodic curved face (for example, sine face) vertically-opposite transmission units and transmission system formed from them. Said transmission system is made up by series-connecting transmission units, and every transmission unit is formed from driving and driven transmission plates and vertically-opposite lever system. Said invention also provides the structure characteristics of said transmission system and its working principle, and said transmission system can be used as main transmission device of heavy equipment, machine tool and heavy vehicle, etc.

Description

Circumference periodically curved surface to the top gear unit and the transmission system of composition thus

Technical field

The present invention relates to cam drive, particularly a kind of utilize mechanical energy is transmitted in the interaction between push rod and circumference periodic wave driving face circumference periodically curved surface to the top gear unit and the transmission system of composition thus.

Background technique

In the various mechanical transmissions of using at present, topmost is exactly gear transmission, and gear transmission has the transmission efficiency height, and power range is big, velocity ratio is accurate, the characteristics of reliable operation, thereby is widely used in all kinds of transmission equipments.Utilize in the engineering that the shifting slide gear of the various different numbers of teeth makes up mutually in the gear-box, can obtain the various rotating speeds of permanent power output.But, along with the raising of modern mechanical to bearing capacity and number of steps of speeds requirement, some problems of this transmission mode itself also display: speed-changing gear box slewing range and progression are limited, and volume is big, the cost height, it is in the synchronous cohesive process of gear shift, to bump between the gear teeth, the gear shift sleeve abrasion of can trackslipping, this problem is especially outstanding in the high-speed overload mechanical transmission, and also there is the problem of power interruption in speed-changing gear box when gear shift, though mechanical transmission has high transmission efficiency, but above all deficiencies have limited its application, so this class mechanical transmission form is often low by transmission efficiency in some occasion, investing big fluid transmission and electric drive substitutes.

Summary of the invention

For overcoming the above problems, improve the control performance of mechanical gearbox, mechanical transmission efficient height, advantage that constant output characteristic is good are further brought into play, the present invention proposes a kind of new transmission mode, be circumference periodically curved surface is to the top transmission system, this is the transmission system that the basic gear unit by a plurality of structural similarities is composed in series.As a kind of particularly preferred form, this circumference periodically curved surface is sinusoidal face, this system is that circumference is sinusoidal in the face of the top transmission system, its working principle is: each basic gear unit utilize the sinusoidal wave pulled surface of circumference and match with it to two-wheel in the push rod system to the effect of push rod one end roller, the grade that the circular movement of the active drive plate at circumference sine wave driving face place is converted into the relative push rod of n differs vibration; Again by the interaction of two-wheel, the grade of the relative push rod of n is differed the circular movement that vibration is converted into driven disc again to the sinusoidal wave driving face of circumference on push rod the other end roller and the driven disc.Utilize the difference of circumference sinusoidal line wave number on the master and slave drive plate, between basic gear unit two drive plates, realize the transmission purpose that differential, bending moment or change turn to.Each basic gear unit is equivalent to a two speed transmission, can select to carry out two permanent power velocity ratios arbitrarily, promptly asynchronous velocity ratio and Synchronous Transmission ratio.Transmission system is formed by a plurality of basic gear unit series connection windings, and system's velocity ratio is the combination velocity ratio, is numerically equal to the product of each gear unit velocity ratio; Because of each gear unit all can arbitrarily switch between Synchronous Transmission state and asynchronous drive state, and transition gently, this makes the combination velocity ratio that multiple different assembly result be arranged, so transmission system can realize the multi-change speed transmission.Various combination velocity ratios are permanent power velocity ratio, and combined rotational speed at different levels can flexible switching under the situation of not interrupting power.

For elaborating transmission mechanism, several notions of drawing more than introducing earlier here: promptly to top transmission, the sinusoidal wave driving face of circumference, circumference sinusoidal line.What is called is meant that to the top transmission be intermediary element with reciprocating two-wheel to push rod, transmits the type of belt drive of translation or rotation between two driving faces; The sinusoidal wave driving face of circumference is meant with the circumference sinusoidal line to be the pulled surface of profile, divides sinusoidal wave pulled surface of excircle and the sinusoidal wave pulled surface of inner circumference; The circumference sinusoidal line is like this definition: take up an official post at a ray and get 1 B, its distance apart from ray end points O is R, and a moving some C is that the equilibrium position is A as amplitude with a B on the ray, and angular frequency is the simple harmonic oscillation (R＞A) of ω.When moving some C did simple harmonic oscillation, going back carried as side-arm wire-wound ray end points O was the uniform circular motion of d θ/dt as angular velocity, and the resultant motion of above-mentioned two motions is called the circumference sinusoidal motion.The movement locus of moving some C is called the circumference sinusoidal line, and its parametric equation is:

In the formula, the geometric meaning of parameter θ is: ray OB turns over the radian value at angle.

In above-mentioned movement process, the movement locus of point B is that a radius is the circle of R, on this circle, the amplitude of moving some C is zero, so claim the zero width of cloth circle of this circle for the circumference sinusoidal line, the angle θ that moving some C carried as side-arm wire-wound center of circle O turns over is called the corner of circumference sinusoidal line on zero width of cloth circle, and functional expression ASin ω θ claims the functional value of circumference sinusoidal line on zero width of cloth circle rotational angle theta.

Introduce a kind of special circumference sinusoidal line below earlier: moving some C does the circumference sinusoidal motion, and when moving some C finished a vibrational period, this point turned over a week with ray OB just, and such circumference sinusoidal line is called single ripple circumference sinusoidal line.If rotating with ray OB in the process in a week, a moving some C has finished the vibration of m complete cycle, like this formation the circumference sinusoidal line be called m ripple circumference sinusoidal line.Angle that turns over ray OB complete cycle of moving some C vibration is 2 π/ω, and in the forming process of single ripple circumference sinusoidal line, the angle that moving some C turns over ray OB is 2 π just, 2 π/ω=2 π, get ω=1, so the equation of single ripple circumference sinusoidal line is:

Because of the latter's angle of throw frequency be the former m doubly, so the parametric equation of m ripple circumference sinusoidal line can be write as:

M value in the following formula is called the wave number of circumference sinusoidal line.

Sinusoidal at circumference in the face of in the transmission system of top, n upwards is spoke shpae to push rod in circumference sinusoidal line zero width of cloth circle footpath and evenly distributes, what distribute like this is called the relative push rod of n to push rod, the grade of the relative push rod of so-called n differs vibration, being meant that n is equally distributed in circumference makes equal amplitude to push rod, the double vibrations of same frequency, the vibration initial phase of phase adjacency pair push rod differs 2 π/n angle successively.

Drive plate is the driving face profile with the circumference sinusoidal line, and the branch of interior transmission disc in surface and outer surface transmission disc is arranged.Wave number is m ₁Active transmission disc and wave number be m ₂Just can this gear unit of primordial from nutating disk sheet and the relative push rod of the n that matches with it system.Gear unit can be carried out two permanent power velocity ratios, promptly asynchronous velocity ratio i=± m ₂/ m ₁With Synchronous Transmission than i=1, also can be between these two velocity ratios flexible the switching.The wave number of transmission disc must be according to push rod number of phases n is got.M=bn ± 1 (m, b, n are integer in the formula).Be called a n left side class number when wherein m gets bn-1, be called the right class number of n when m gets bn+1, transmission direction depends on the value type of master and slave transmission disc wave number, works as m ₁And m ₂With getting n left side class number or, being the forward transmission, asynchronous velocity ratio i=m with getting the right class of n when counting ₂/ m ₁, and work as m ₁And m ₂Get the foreign peoples when counting, be reversing drive, asynchronous velocity ratio is i=-m ₂/ m ₁

By the transmission system that a plurality of gear units are composed in series, its velocity ratio equals the continued product of each unit velocity ratio, total n gear unit series connection in the system of setting up departments, and velocity ratio is respectively i ₁, i ₂..., i _n, make up velocity ratio i=i so ₁* i ₂* ... * i _n, because of freely selecting of can being independent of each other between the gear unit carried out asynchronous velocity ratio and Synchronous Transmission ratio, so the number of the total combination velocity ratio of system is 2 ⁿ

Guarantee that the sinusoidal condition of carrying out continuously in the face of top transmission system transmission of circumference is: the rotatablely moving of basic gear unit drive plate differs vibration with the grade of the relative push rod of n and must freely transform mutually; And to reach this purpose, and should be to the push rod number greater than 3, the wave number m of drive plate circumference sine wave and must satisfy value formula m=bn ± 1 (m, b, n are all integer in the formula) in each basic gear unit to the number of phases n of push rod.

Guarantee that the sinusoidal condition of carrying out in the face of top transmission system transmission harmony of circumference is: the index that is discord of system in combination rotating speed should be controlled at below the warning numerical value; And to reach this purpose, under the certain situation of transmission system input speed, should note controlling the exponential quantity of being discord of respective combination velocity ratio in the system design process; Should avoid the too high combined rotational speed of index of being discord as far as possible in the transmission system using process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the simplest to the top transmission system.

Fig. 2 show that two relative push rods and triangle wave mode transmission bar form to the top transmission system.

Fig. 3 shows the transmission system of three relative push rods and straight sinusoidal wave driving face transmission bar composition.

Fig. 4 shows single ripple sinusoidal line and m ripple sinusoidal line at dotted line place function value and tangent line mutually.

Fig. 5 (a)-(c) shows the transmission system that relative with three push rod with m ripple transmission bar of single ripple transmission bar is formed.

Fig. 6 shows at phase dotted line place, the functional value value condition of each sinusoidal wave.

Fig. 7 shows the wave number transmission system of the relative push rod composition with n of two kinds of transmission bars of foreign peoples's number each other.

Fig. 8 is the schematic representation that the circumference sinusoidal line forms.

Fig. 9 show wave number each other the inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line of foreign peoples's number in the value condition of phase dotted line place functional value.

Figure 10 (a) and (b) are the inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line parameters sign pictures with identical wave amplitude.

Figure 11 is a circumference orthogonal coordinate system schematic representation.

Figure 12 shows the movement locus of push rod two roller core wheels and drive plate surface configuration.

Figure 13 is to push rod point of action place, the parameter sign picture of inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line.

Figure 14 be in Figure 12 circle shown in the enlarged view of part.

Figure 15 shows the wave number tangent line of two drive plates in the circumference orthogonal coordinate system of foreign peoples's number each other.

Figure 16 shows the wave number tangent line of two drive plates in the circumference orthogonal coordinate system of like numbers each other.

Figure 17 is to the comparison diagram between the movement locus of push rod roller and the drive plate outer profile.

Figure 18 is the enlarged view of circle part among Figure 17.

Figure 19 (a)-(f) is the formation schematic diagram that circumference etc. differs vibration.

Figure 20 shows the transmission system that the interior drive plate of single ripple and the outer drive plate of 9 ripples and 8 relative push rods constitutes.

Figure 21 is the acting semicircle figure of transmission system shown in Figure 20.

Figure 22 is Figure 20 transmission system acting left semicircle schematic representation.

Figure 23 is Figure 20 transmission system acting right semi-circle schematic representation.

Figure 24 (a) and (b) are inside and outside drive plate technique of painting schematic representation.

Figure 25 (a) and (b) are technique of painting schematic representation of outer drive plate.

Figure 26 (a) and (b) are technique of painting schematic representation of interior drive plate.

Figure 27 (a)-(c) is the schematic representation that two cover drive plate slips, 180 degree use side by side.

Figure 28 (a) and (b) are the inside and outside drive plate sterograms of two covers.

Figure 29 (a)-(d) is the facies pattern and the disc assembly figure of 4 three relative top transmission systems.

Figure 30 (a)-(d) is facies pattern and the disc assembly figures of 4 high numbers of phases to the top transmission system.

Figure 31 is that two-wheel is to push rod and to push rod balladeur train sterogram.

Figure 32 is to push rod tray sterogram.

Figure 33 is to the push rod tray, to the sterogram of push rod balladeur train and drive plate.

Figure 34 is the subdivision sterogram to push rod tray and gear selecting dish.

Figure 35 (a) and (b) are the sterograms to push rod tray, gear selecting dish and arresting disc.

The planimetric map that Figure 36 (a) and (b) gear unit splits and assembles.

Figure 37 (a) and (b) are two views of gear unit coupling shaft.

Figure 38 (a) and (b) are two views of gear selecting dish.

Figure 39 is that circumference is to top transmission system plan view.

Figure 40 is that circumference is to top transmission system partial enlarged drawing.

Figure 41 is the sterogram of control system and casing lower half portion.

Figure 42 is the flow chart of system design.

Figure 43 is the fluid pressure drive device sketch of control system.

Figure 44 is the entity schematic representation of two outer dish gear units

Figure 45 is the transmission principle sketch of outer-external form gear unit

Figure 46 is the schematic diagrams of two outer surface drive plates by lever transmission between parallel axes

Figure 47 be one three to push rod balladeur train and to the push rod sterogram

Figure 48 is the plan view of ten thousand tons of press machine driving mechanisms

Figure 49 is the side view of ten thousand tons of press machinees

Figure 50 is the simplified schematic diagram of circumference to top transmission system drives transmission shaft.

Figure 51 is the transmission sketch of crawler dozer.

Figure 52 is the schematic representation of crawler driving whell wheel reductor.

Figure 53 is that circumference is to the sketch of top transmission system as locomotive spindle device.

Figure 54 (a)-(c) uses circumference the lathe three of top transmission system transmission is looked sketch.

Figure 55 is the simplified schematic diagram of lathe master main axis transmission system band transmission.

Figure 56 is the transmission device distribution sketch of a machine tool.

Embodiment

Below will describe in detail accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the simplest mechanical model figure to the top transmission system, wherein left and right two figure are respectively the types of forward and reversing drive, the transmission inclined-plane of top, figure meta place is a main transmission face, moving direction left, two-wheel can move up and down in its sliding rail push rod, the slope difference of upper and lower ramp blocks, the therefore speed in the process of moving horizontally and inequality; The moving direction of left and right two driven ramp blocks is opposite.

Fig. 2 is the transmission model of the relative push rod transmission with two of pyramidal wave transmission bar, and two relative push rods are equally spaced in wavelength distance of pyramidal wave.Upper and lower transmission bar is identical, and driving face is a triangular ramp.Push rod is pumped in its track.

Fig. 3 is the power train that the relative push rod with three of sinusoidal wave transmission bar is formed, and three relative push rods are equally spaced in the distance of a sinusoidal wave wavelength, and the wavelength of last underdrive bar is identical.The movement direction and the travelling speed of upper and lower transmission bar are identical.

Fig. 4 be in the unit wavelength distance single ripple sinusoidal line and m ripple sinusoidal line at the functional value and the tangent line schematic representation at dotted line place mutually, article three, the phase dotted line is at half-open intervals [0, be equally spaced in 2 π/ω), divide m=3k, m=3k+1, three kinds of situations of m=3k+2 among the figure, marked each function curve at three phase dotted line X=0, X=2 π/3 ω, the functional value at X=4 π/3 ω places, the tangent line of each sinusoidal line of also having drawn at phase dotted line place, it has reflected the size of curve at phase dotted line place slope.

Fig. 5 is single ripple transmission bar and the schematic representation of m ripple transmission bar by three relative push rod transmissions.Among the figure 3 kinds of values of m may be listed respectively: when m=3k, two transmission bars are placed come what may and all can not be constituted the top transmission system; When m=3k+1, the relative push rod with three of two transmission bars can be formed variable ratio drive system in the same way; When m=3k+2, the transmission bar, what push rod was formed is a reverse variable ratio drive system.

Fig. 6 is that wave number is that n left side class is counted sinusoidal line that bn-1 and the right class of n count bn+1 and single swash and illustrated at the functional value at dotted line place mutually, among the figure, at phase dotted line place, wave number is got n left side class and is counted bn-1's, it is 1 a sinusoidal wave function value opposite number each other in the functional value at phase dotted line place and wave number, wave number is got n right class and is counted bn+1, and it is that 1 sinusoidal wave function value equates fully in the functional value at phase dotted line place and wave number.Calculate the y axle among the figure interior, have 7 phase dotted lines, for 7 relative push rods, the wave number of last transmission bar is 6, is 7 left class numbers; The wave number of underdrive bar is 8, is 7 right class numbers.Three sinusoidal line rise from same point (0,0) among the figure, finally same point (0,2 π/ω).

Fig. 7 is that wave number is that n left side class is counted the transmission system that transmission bar that bn-1 and the right class of n count bn+1 is formed by the relative push rod of n.Need explanation the time: when the wave number of two transmission bar profile functions each other during like numbers, at phase dotted line place, the functional value of two curves is identical, therefore just can be provided with push rod at phase dotted line place.And when two transmission bar wave numbers when the foreign peoples counts each other, at phase dotted line place, the functional value of two sinusoidal line is opposite, can not on the phase dotted line, directly be provided with push rod, the work in the horizontal direction one of two transmission bars must be adjusted in this case, make upper and lower transmission bar sinusoidal line in the same way value cross article one phase dotted line simultaneously, arrange push rod at phase dotted line place then.Like this, two transmission bars could with push rod is formed a reversing drive system.On every phase dotted line, the functional value of two function curves is identical, but the slope value sign symbol is opposite.

Fig. 8 is the generative process figure of circumference sinusoidal line, ray OB diffracted ray end points uniform angular velocity rotation among the figure, and moving some C on the ray is that simple harmonic oscillation is done in the equilibrium position with a B in the ray rotating process simultaneously, the solid curve among the figure is the circumference sinusoidal line.Angle θ is zero width of cloth circle corner, and vector B C (direction is pointed to C) is the functional value of circumference sinusoidal line on zero width of cloth circle rotational angle theta among the figure.

Fig. 9 be wave number each other the inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line of foreign peoples's number in the value condition of phase dotted line place functional value.Inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line has identical wave amplitude among the figure, directly over the place, article one phase dotted line position, crosses " 0 value " point of inside and outside two circumference sinusoidal line functional values (functional value on the nulling width of cloth circle corner).The number n of phase dotted line is 7 among the figure, and the wave number of excircle sinusoidal line is 6, is n left side class number, the wave number of inner circumference sinusoidal line is 8, is the right class number of n, and the wave number of two circumference sinusoidal line is foreign peoples's number each other, so at each phase dotted line place, the functional value of two curves on zero width of cloth circle corner be opposite number each other.Compare with the situation of the straight sinusoidal wave transmission bar of Fig. 6, this figure has many similarities, and different is: the sinusoidal line along continuous straight runs of Fig. 6 extends, and this figure " sinusoidal line " advances around circumferencial direction.

Figure 10 is the sign picture of circumference sinusoidal line parameters, and a, b two figure are respectively same group of inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line, have identical wave amplitude.101 is zero width of cloth circles of circumference sinusoidal line among the figure, the 102nd, and crest, the 103rd, trough circle.

Figure 11 is the schematic representation of two circumference orthogonal coordinate systems, among the figure, the x axle is a circular arc, the y axle is the radius of circular arc, the y axle rotates around the circular arc center of circle with the variation of the value θ of x, the y axle is circumference orthogonal coordinate system " O " point with the intersection point of the x axle of bending, and the tangent line of crossing this circular arc is the direction vector of x axle, uses x among the figure ₀₁Expression, the x shown in the figure ₀₁o ₁y ₁And x ₀₂o ₂y ₂Being exactly said circumference orthogonal coordinate system, is the individual special-purpose system of coordinates that constantly changes the position with the variation of independent variable x.

Figure 12 has shown that two-wheel is to the track of push rod core wheel in transmission process and the comparison diagram of drive plate outer profile, heavy line is the surperficial profile of drive plate among the figure, be a circumference sinusoidal line, fine line is the movement locus of two-wheel to the push rod core wheel, also is a circumference sinusoidal line.When drive plate trough circular diameter comparison push rod roller diameter was a lot of greatly, roller core wheel track and drive plate profile overlapped.But in actual applications, the wheel of push rod roller directly be can not be ignored, so the profile of drive plate departed from the core wheel track, but the profile of drive plate is still the circumference sinusoidal line, the side-play amount of core wheel track and drive plate profile is numerically equal to the roller radius.Because different values can be adopted in the wheel footpath to push rod two rollers, so side-play amount and inequality.Also be decorated with the zero width of cloth circle of two core wheel locus circles week sinusoidal line among the figure.

Figure 13 is in the circumference orthogonal coordinate system, and the situation of two circumference sinusoidal line in phase dotted line place functional value, derivative value is discussed.This is a local figure, the number of phases to push rod is 6, so two adjacent phase dotted lines radian apart is 60 degree, the wave number of inner circumference sinusoidal line is 5 among the figure, and the wave number of excircle sinusoidal line is 7, for 6 relative push rods, the wave number of inside and outside circumference sinusoidal line is foreign peoples's number each other, and according to the relevant conclusion of Fig. 5, two circumference sinusoidal line should be done suitable rotation, make two curves in the same way value point by article one phase dotted line the value condition of function line at phase dotted line place can be discussed so.The θ value is 60 degree among the figure, crosses o ₁o ₂Straight line be equivalent to second phase dotted line, at circumference rectangular coordinate system x ₁o ₁y ₁And x ₂o ₂y ₂In, under identical independent variable value θ, the functional value of two circumference sinusoidal line is respectively vector o ₁A and o ₂C, tangent line are respectively AB and CD, and derivative value is respectively tan α ₁With tan α ₂, x among the figure ₀₁And x ₀₂Only represented the direction of independent variable x when getting θ, can move freely under the situation vertical keeping with the y axle.Not necessarily to pass through o ₁Or o ₂The point.

Figure 14 is the enlarged view in the circle among Figure 12.Heavy line is the drive plate profile among the figure, and fine line is the movement locus to push rod roller core wheel.Can adopt different wheel footpaths to push rod two rollers.Owing to roller has the radius existence, it can not be ignored to be a bit, the point of contact of roller and drive plate profile has departed from the straight line O to the push rod place ₁O ₂, point of contact drops on A and C point respectively, but 2 of A, C locate the tangent line AG of drive plate circumference sinusoidal line and CH respectively with ideal line (being the core wheel track) at o ₁And o ₂The tangent line o at place ₁E and o ₂F is parallel, though actual point of force application has departed from o ₁And o ₂Point, but the slope value of driving face is not changed.B and D point is respectively the point on core wheel locus circle week sinusoidal line zero width of cloth circle among the figure, o ₁B and o ₂D represents core wheel track functional value herein.

Circumference shown in Figure 15 is to the top transmission system, to the push rod number of phases is 3, the wave number of excircle sinusoidal line is 7, the wave number of inner circumference sinusoidal line is 5, wave number is foreign peoples's number each other, each has set up the circumference orthogonal coordinate system to the push rod place among the figure, and as can be seen from the figure: when the push rod roller was rolled to trough place (directly among the figure), circumference sinusoidal line tangent line herein was parallel to x ₀, slope value is 0, at other two places, the sign symbol of two function lines tangent slope value in corresponding circumference orthogonal coordinate system is opposite, therefore, two drive plates and be opposite to the circumference tangential forces direction of push rod, the master and slave drive plate of this transmission system turns to contrary.

Circumference shown in Figure 16 is to the top transmission system, the wave number of excircle sinusoidal line is 8, the wave number of inner circumference sinusoidal line is 5, concerning three relative top transmission systems, wave number is like numbers each other, indicate from figure and look: the sign symbol of two function lines tangent slope value in corresponding circumference orthogonal coordinate system is identical, therefore, two drive plates are identical with circumference tangential forces direction to push rod, and the master and slave drive plate of this transmission system turns to unanimity.

Figure 17 is the comparison diagram of drive plate cam profile and pitch curve, among the figure, heavy line is a cam profile, fine line is a pitch curve, deviation value between two lines is exactly the radius value of roller, pitch curve is the movement locus of roller core wheel, and cam profile is the set at roller and driving face point of contact, and two curves all are the circumference sinusoidal line.When the roller of two kinds of radius values of having drawn among the figure acts on same drive plate, the core wheel track of roller.The outer surface drive plate, the radius of curvature value minimum at its trough place can not be greater than minimum curvature value to the radius of push rod roller.

Figure 18 is the enlarged view of pattern in the circle among Figure 17, reflected among the figure in crest one side, to push rod pair of rollers circumference sinusoidal wave shape curved surface acting process movement locus, suppose that here drive plate is motionless, push rod is rotated around the drive plate core in the process that moves reciprocatingly.And actual situation is that push rod is not rotated, and is that drive plate is rotating.Roller (indicates with 181,183 among the figure) at the crest that runs to drive plate and trough place, is on the push rod bar line with the public point of contact of drive plate, and at this moment roller does not do work to drive plate.And when roller departed from drive plate crest and trough, the practical function point departed from push rod bar line, among the figure " 182 " position display this situation.Locate in " 182 ", S represents the displacement on the sense of rotation of drive plate, and S is perpendicular to the direction to the push rod vibration.F is the direction of active force, and F is perpendicular to the common tangent of roller and driving face profile.The angle of F and S is α, and roller is located can be expressed as the instantaneous power of drive plate tangential (perpendicular to push rod bar line) acting in " 182 ": FdScos α/dt.And at " 181 ", " 183 " two places, α=90 degree, power is 0.

Figure 19 is that the rotation of the sinusoidal wave driving face of circumference and the grade of the relative push rod of n differ the principle schematic that vibration transforms mutually.The wave number m of each drive plate all satisfies wave number value formula m=bn ± 1 with the number of phases n that tackles push rod mutually among the figure.Here imagination each to a spring (not marking among the figure) is installed on the push rod, under the effect of spring force, push rod is always pointed to the drive plate core, what push rod and drive plate were formed is the cam-transfer bar mechanism of a force-closed type.The rotation of supposing all drive plates among the figure is to all being around anticlockwise, claim counterclockwise be postive direction or left to.The common ground of the little figure of 6 width of cloth is among the figure: directly over, crest of drive plate and of push rod system is positioned on the straight line push rod.The drive plate crest is respectively with 1,2,3 among the figure ... mark, to push rod respectively with A, B, C ... mark it, wherein 1 and A, 2 and B, 3 and C ... be called i, ii, iii ... the group corresponding points, as we can see from the figure: when after to push rod wave number symbol value formula m=bn ± 1, i, ii, iii ... become arithmetic progression 0 Deng the angle of respectively organizing corresponding points, α, 2 α ...Among the figure in a, c two figure, the wave number of drive plate has been got n left side class and has been counted m=bn-1, it is characterized in that: in every group of corresponding points (as i, ii, iii ... group), crest always is in the left side (clockwise direction) to push rod; When drive plate rotated counterclockwise, the order that push rod is outwards reached successively peak swing was ... C, B, A turns to be clockwise direction, and the counter clockwise direction that turns to drive plate is opposite.Among the figure in b, d, e, f four figure, the drive plate wave number is got the right class of n and is counted m=bn+1, feature is: in every group of corresponding points, crest always is in the push rod right side, when drive plate rotates counterclockwise, the order that push rod is reached successively peak swing is A, B, C ..., it turns to counterclockwise, and is identical with turning to of drive plate.

Can see also that from figure circumference is in the transmission system of top, there are the characteristics of acting semicircle in gear unit, here claim that push rod is overcome spring force outwards to move to doing work, title moves to returning to the drive plate core under the elastic force effect to push rod, with the vertical line of crossing core drive plate is divided into left half-turn and right half-turn, make that 6 drive plates all rotate counterclockwise among the figure, from each figure as can be seen, when the drive plate wave number is got n left side class when counting m=bn-1 (figure a, c), right half-turn does work to push rod, and left half-turn returns push rod; And get the right class of n when counting m=bn+1 (figure b, d, e, f) when the drive plate wave number, and left half-turn does work to push rod, and right half-turn returns push rod.

Figure 20 has shown that the circumference of one 8 relative push rod and interior 1-outer 9 type drive plates composition is to the top transmission system, directly over, push rod and crest are in same position, all the other each correspondences push rod and crest declinate have been formed an arithmetic progression, the wave number of inside and outside drive plate is like numbers each other, and therefore the sense of rotation of two dishes is identical.

Figure 21 is the schematic representation of acting semicircle, shown in the figure is Figure 20 transmission system another instantaneous state in operation process, more preceding figure, the internal surface dish is as driving disc, and wave number is 1, has rotated counterclockwise 90 degree, the wave number of driven disc is 9, the transmission system velocity ratio also is 9, and in the driving disc rotation process, driven disc has turned over 10 degree counterclockwise.Figure section line institute target is the acting semicircle, and its meaning is: at driving disc in definite direction rotation process, semicircle one side of doing work push rod is done work to driven disc.The acting semicircle rotates with the driving disc constant angular velocity.

Figure 22 is the schematic representation of left side acting semicircle, the circumference of 8 relative push rods and interior 1-outer 9 type drive plates composition is to the top transmission system among the figure, wherein interior drive plate is a driving disc, outer drive plate is a driven disc, in the process that interior transmission disc rotates counterclockwise, left half-turn shown in the hatching is the acting district to push rod, and push rod is done work to driven disc in this scope provides driving force to driven disc.Right half-turn is pushed up back by driven disc push rod among the figure, runs in the backhaul state.

Figure 23 is the schematic representation of right acting semicircle, this is one and the identical transmission system of Figure 22, be equivalent to driving disc among Figure 22 (internal surface drive plate) and turned over 180 degree counterclockwise, as can be seen from the figure: the acting semicircle has also changeed 180 degree in the same way with driving disc, and driven disc has turned over 20 degree counterclockwise.The acting semicircle goes to right half-turn by left half-turn in this process, among this figure, driving disc keeps rotating counterclockwise, right half-turn push rod is done work to driven disc, and left half-turn is pushed up back by driven disc push rod.

Figure 24 is the technique of painting schematic representation of the inside and outside drive plate of the sinusoidal face of circumference, a figure is the plan view of drive plate, b figure is a left view, 241 is outer drive plate troughs among the figure, the 242nd, outer drive plate crest, the 243rd, interior drive plate trough, the 244th, interior drive plate crest, drive plate is wide than the axial dimension of outer drive plate among the figure, and this can see in left view.

Figure 25 is the technique of painting schematic representation of outer drive plate, the 251st, and drive plate trough, the 252nd, drive plate crest, the 253rd, spline.

Figure 26 is the technique of painting schematic representation of interior drive plate, the 261st, and drive plate trough, the 262nd, drive plate crest, the 263rd, spline.

Figure 27 is the schematic representation of two groups of identical circumference to the use in parallel of top transmission system, because there is the acting semicircle in circumference to the top transmission, therefore with behind one group of drive plate Rotate 180 degree, two overlap transmission systems upwards distributes side by side in drive disk axles.The acting scope of the main drive shaft that drives two driving discs is expanded to whole circumference, i.e. 360 degree acting fully.When using as retarder, the internal surface drive plate is a driving disc, and its wave number is 1; The outer surface drive plate is a driven disc, and wave number is 11.271 is outer surface drive plate troughs among the figure, and 272 is crest; The 273rd, internal surface drive plate trough, the 274th, crest.

Figure 28 is the drive plate sterogram, has provided two groups of drive plates among the figure, and two groups of drive plates have identical wave amplitude, and different is: the average diameter of one group of drive plate in left side is big, the suitable hollow shaft that passes; Disc diameter is little in one group of drive plate on right side, is applicable to solid shaft to drive, and the internal surface disc is connected with transmission shaft with external splines, and the outer surface disc is connected with transmission shaft with internal spline.Can find out also that from figure the sinusoidal wave wave amplitude of two cover drive plate circumference is identical, the drive plate diameter is big, and its curved surface trend is more mild.

Figure 29 is the several examples of application of three relative push rod transmissions, and a figure is outer 1 type of interior 4-, and for three relative push rods, two drive plate wave numbers are like numbers each other, is the type of transmission in the same way; B figure is outer 1 type of interior 5-, and the drive plate wave number is foreign peoples's number each other, is the type of reversing drive; C figure is outer 7 types of interior 2-, and two drive plate wave numbers are foreign peoples's number each other, is the type of anti-phase transmission; D figure is outer 4 types of interior 5-, and the drive plate wave number is foreign peoples's number each other, and this is the type of reversing drive.

Figure 30 is that the high number of phases is to pushing up top driven several examples of application, here the said high number of phases is meant the push rod number greater than 3 type, a figure is outer 3 types of interior 5-, the wave number of two drive plates foreign peoples's number each other for four relative push rods, and this gear unit is the type of reversing drive.B figure is outer 1 type of interior 3-, and concerning four relative push rods, the drive plate wave number is foreign peoples's number each other, is the reversing drive type.C figure and d figure are five schematic representation of transmission mutually.C figure is outer 11 types of interior 6-, and two drive plate wave numbers are like numbers each other, and transmission direction is identical; D figure is outer 9 types of interior 1-, and the drive plate wave number is foreign peoples's number each other, and transmission direction is opposite.

Figure 31 is to push rod and to the sterogram of push rod balladeur train, to push rod is a H type part, its two ends are rotary rollers, can to-and-fro motion in to the chute of push rod balladeur train to push rod, four bolts hole are arranged on the balladeur train, it is observed from different directions to push rod and balladeur train to draw among the figure, for the clear chute of seeing balladeur train, has provided the entity sectional view among the figure.

Figure 32 is that each is bolted on the push rod tray with 4 the push rod balladeur train to the push rod tray and to push rod balladeur train and the two-wheel sterogram to push rod, and three to the push rod 120 degree distributions of being separated by, and two-wheel is contained in the chute to the push rod balladeur train push rod.

Figure 33 is inside and outside drive plate, to the push rod balladeur train, to push rod and to the sterogram of push rod tray, the installation method that has reflected drive plate among the figure: two-wheel at first will be housed three of push rod are placed on two drive plates the push rod balladeur train, just the push rod balladeur train is fixed on the push rod tray subsequently with the bolt handle, among the figure in order clearly to see transmission mechanism, only drawn directly over being in one to the push rod balladeur train, all the other two are not drawn to the push rod balladeur train, and the two-wheel that has only shown the corresponding position is to push rod.As can be seen from the figure: two-wheel rolls on inside and outside drive plate surface respectively to the roller at push rod two ends, to push rod transferring power in the to-and-fro motion process.

Figure 34 is a gear selecting dish and to the entity subdivision graph of push rod tray.Among the figure, the left side is the gear selecting dish, and the block selecting dish is connected on the push rod tray by spline, and can on to the push rod tray, move axially, three spring holders are housed on the tray, three springs are arranged on it, under the effect of spring, the gear selecting dish always left in figure moves.

Figure 35 stop ring, gear selecting dish and to the sterogram of three parts of push rod tray.In order clearly to understand the structure of these three parts, provided respectively among the figure from two observed sterograms of antipodal direction.Last figure is the figure of looking from postive direction, is stop ring, gear selecting dish and to the push rod tray from left to right successively; Figure below is the figure of looking from antipodal direction, is successively from left to right: to push rod tray, gear selecting dish and stop ring.In figure below, three pairs of bigger blind holes are arranged on the gear selecting dish, this is to run into fixing nut to the push rod balladeur train when mobile for fear of the gear selecting dish on spline.In last figure, low order end, on the push rod tray, each with 4 bolt, is a spring holder to the push rod balladeur train in the middle of 4 nuts, is with spring on it, works to promote the gear selecting dish.

Figure 36 is the ssembly drawing and the broken away view of gear unit, and a figure is a ssembly drawing, and b figure is a broken away view, the part of b figure figure notation is respectively: 361, bearing (ball) cover, 362, coupling shaft, 363, oil cylinder, 364, stop ring, 365, the gear selecting dish, 366, spring, 367, to the push rod tray, 368, spring holder, 369, bearing, 3610, appearance face end cap, 3611, to the push rod balladeur train, 3612, the outer surface drive plate, 3613, internal surface drive plate, 3614, internal surface dish end cap.3615, stay bolt.The assemble sequence of gear unit is such: earlier internal surface drive plate 3613, outer surface drive plate 3612 are enclosed within on the push rod balladeur train 3611, to be contained on the push rod tray 367 push rod balladeur train 3611 usefulness bolts again, before the cover bolt, also appearance face end cap 3610 should be placed in to push rod balladeur train 3611 with between the push rod tray 367.Subsequently gear selecting dish 365 is contained on the push rod tray.What more than finish is the assembling that is to push rod, and next push rod system is contained on the coupling shaft 362, internal surface drive plate spline matches with coupling shaft 362 terminal splines simultaneously.Add upper end cap afterwards, with stay bolt 3615 fixing above each assembly.Two gear units are the windings of connecting like this: the coupling shaft of back level and the outer surface drive plate of prime 3612 link to each other by spline, with screw appearance face end cap 3610 are fixed on grade coupling shaft of back subsequently.

Figure 37 is coupling shaft plan view and left view, and coupling shaft is the part that connects two gear units, and it mainly acts on and is: connect prime driven disc and back level driving disc; Take up and be push rod.Owing to can impose bigger axial force to frame by coupling shaft, adopt slender bolt here push rod system is fixed on the coupling shaft to push rod system.371 elongated slots that indicated are used for by slender bolt among the figure.4 elongated slots on coupling shaft, have been milled out among the figure altogether, the installation of passing through not influence two bearings of bolt.

Figure 38 is the plan view and the left view of gear selecting dish, the gear selecting dish is one and is connected the discoid part on the push rod tray by spline, can on spline, axially move to the push rod tray, 381 what indicated is the hole that holds spring holder among the figure, 382 what indicated is a blind hole, and its effect is to make the gear selecting dish not collide fixing nut to the push rod balladeur train.Though the subdivision line is without this hole, imagination has cut this hole in the plan view.383,384 is two friction stop surface among the figure, and 383 match with rubbing surface on the coupling shaft, and 384 match with the rubbing surface of dynamic resistance ring.

Figure 39 is the sinusoidal complete plan view in the face of the top transmission system of circumference.Transmission system as shown in the figure has 5 relatively independent gear unit series connection windings to form, and high order end is a clutch end, by the torsion plate outputting power; Low order end is a power intake, by belt wheel input power, 5 gear units have control gear separately, the small oil tank of each gear unit both sides can drive the dynamic resistance ring and move axially at drive plate, when oil cylinder is oil-filled, the oil cylinder plunger promotes the dynamic resistance ring and engages synchronously with the gear selecting dish, make the locking states of gear selecting disk detachment and coupling shaft simultaneously, in this case, gear unit runs on one state, be that gear unit is carried out asynchronous velocity ratio, push rod tray and dynamic resistance environmental protection held synchronously that frame is in static relatively.Behind the small oil tank venting high-voltage oil liquid of gear unit both sides, the dynamic resistance ring retreats, and disengaging gear selecting dish, at this moment the gear selecting dish is under the pushing of spring, its rubbing surface combines with the rubbing surface of coupling shaft relevant position, and gear selecting dish and coupling shaft keep synchronously, under this situation, gear unit runs on " 0 " state, and what carried out this moment is the Synchronous Transmission ratio.Among the figure, from the power intake to the clutch end, from right to left promptly, with 5 gear units respectively with the 1st, 2,3,4,5 grade of gear unit mark it, the 1st, 4 grade of gear unit runs on " 0 " state, execution be the Synchronous Transmission ratio, be characterized in: the oil cylinder draining, the dynamic resistance ring breaks away from the gear selecting dish, and under the pushing of spring, the gear selecting dish is with the coupling shaft locking and keep identical rotating speed.In this case, this grade gear unit is equivalent to a coupling, and its velocity ratio is 1; 2nd, 3,5 grades of gear units run on one state, execution be asynchronous velocity ratio, be characterized in: oil cylinder fills high-voltage oil liquid, the dynamic resistance ring overcomes spring force, the gear selecting dish is promoted gear selecting disk detachment coupling shaft to the right, its rotating speed is gradually with synchronous with the dynamic resistance ring, and the back is closed with the dynamic resistance ring lock.In this case, the active drive plate of this grade gear unit with from nutating disk speed discrepancy has been arranged, velocity ratio is a driven disc and the wave number ratio of driving disc.For simplifying drawing, only drawn to the push rod balladeur train in each gear unit among the figure, do not mark push rod.1st, 3,5 grades be even number to the push rod number of phases, it arranges it is symmetrical to push rod; 2nd, 4 grades be odd number to the push rod number of phases, so in the drawings, it is to layout of push rod and asymmetric.

Figure 40 is the partial enlarged drawing of the first half of Figure 39, has selected representative components, among the figure 401, the torsion plate bolt hole, 402, torsion plate, 403, front cover, 404, tubing interface, 405, oil cylinder, 406, spring, 407, to push rod tray, 408, the outer surface drive plate, 409, the internal surface drive plate, 4010, coupling shaft, 4011, gear selecting disc floret key, 4012, the oil cylinder plunger, 4013, outer surface drive plate spline, 4014, to push rod balladeur train, 4015, internal surface drive plate spline, 4016, the belt wheel spline, 4017, the driving belt trough of belt, 4018, abutment sleeve, 4019, the location pin, 4020, frame.

Figure 41 drawn casing lower half portion and be the control gear sterogram of transmission system.Transmission system is installed on as shown above the tubular casing.Last figure drawn lower half portion and 6 dynamic resistance rings of frame, frame can take up the transmission system that is composed in series by 6 gear units, and each dynamic resistance ring is promoted by a pair of small oil tank.The oil circuit of every pair of oil cylinder is relatively independent.Among the figure several from left to right, the 1st, 3,6 dynamic resistance rings are oil-filled to oil cylinder, push the dynamic resistance ring to the place ahead; 2nd, 4,5 dynamic resistance rings are to oil cylinder draining, returning position.Middle figure is the sterogram of dynamic resistance ring hold down gag, hold down gag is a mechanism of symmetry, form by two identical compressing tablet framves, compressing tablet frame two ends have the column rotating shaft respectively, a curved rod is respectively arranged on the two compressing tablet framves, two curved rod tops are connected in respectively on oil cylinder and the plunger, and two connecting rod tops interrelate with spring.Figure below is that two dynamic resistance ring compressing tablet framves are loaded on the situation on the frame, the oil cylinder on two curved rod tops charges into high-voltage oil liquid among the figure, curved rod overcomes the pulling force of spring, driving the compressing tablet frame rotates around its rotating shaft, at this moment upwards upset of each compressing tablet, relieving is to the compacting of dynamic resistance ring, and dynamic resistance this moment ring just can freely be done and endwisely slip.Each level combination velocity ratio of transmission system, all corresponding " 0,1 " code of a definite combination velocity ratio, definite says, be exactly the situation that each gear unit is carried out sync state or asynchronous velocity ratio separately, carry out Synchronous Transmission, carry out asynchronous velocity ratio and be " 1 " than being " 0 ", and concerning each gear unit dynamic resistance ring, small oil tank is oil-filled to be in " 1 ", and the oil cylinder draining is in " 0 " position, and " 0,1 " state of " 0, the 1 " state of oil cylinder and gear unit is consistent.The combination velocity ratio that changes transmission system is realized by adjusting each gear unit " 0,1 " state.Change each gear unit " 0,1 " state, need each oil cylinder is carried out the operation of oil-filled or draining.And before this, compressing tablet on the compressing tablet frame compresses each dynamic resistance ring, therefore when speed governing, should make each compressing tablet after the upset of compressing tablet frame earlier to operating handle oil cylinder charged pressure fluid, relieving is to the compacting of each dynamic resistance ring, after waiting each gear unit " 0,1 " state adjustment to finish, the oil cylinder draining of control system is under the effect of spring, the compressing tablet frame original position of overturning back, each compressing tablet compresses the dynamic resistance ring of relevant position again.

Figure 42 is the flow chart of system design, and the flow process of each letter representative is respectively among the figure:

A, provide prime mover rotating speed.

But B, determine rotating speeds at different levels and rated engine speed domain of walker.

The number of C, the required gear unit of calculating.

D, from velocity ratio tabulation, choose data, are the rotating speeds at different levels that can provide customer requirements simultaneously seen in assembly and relatively one by one?

E, provide rotating speed tabulation and indicate the index that is discord of rotating speeds at different levels.

F, satisfied to the index that is discord of rotating speeds at different levels?

G, order provide the wave number information of each gear unit transmission facies pattern and gear unit disc.

H, gear unit of increase.

Do I, permission increase a gear unit?

J, tabulation provide various close design proposals.

K, is there there available close scheme?

Figure 43 is the hydraulic pipe line sketch of control system, this device provides pressure oil liquid for the Effector of a transmission system that is formed by four gear units series connection windings, to 4 pairs of small oil tank fuel feeding that promote the dynamic resistance ring, a rightmost solenoid directional control valve is that the oil cylinder to control system curved rod top provides pressure oil liquid to 4 solenoid directional control valves in the left side respectively.Each parts that indicate among the figure are: 431, fixed electromagnet, 432, the plunger valve electromagnet, 433, oil outlet, 434, high pressure hydraulic fluid port, 435, the low pressure hydraulic fluid port, 436, sliding spool, 437, loam cake, 438, the high pressure oil arm, 439, the low pressure oil arm, 4310, high pressure oil house steward, 4311, valve body, 4312, low pressure oil house steward, 4313, high-voltage tube main valve, 4314, oil pump, 4315, the low-voltage tube main valve, 4316, low-pressure reservoir, 4317, pressure-oil tank.The working mechanism of solenoid directional control valve is such: the electric current on the fixed electromagnet 431 in the coil can change direction by control signal, the immutable direction of electric current in plunger valve electromagnet 432 coils, when electromagnet 431 and 432 magnetic are different, plunger valve is positioned at upper, oil outlet and high-voltage tube are connected, for the work plunger provides high-voltage oil liquid.When electromagnet 431 was identical with 432 magnetic, plunger valve was the next because of electromagnetic repulsion force is positioned at, and oil outlet is connected with low-voltage tube, and the high-voltage oil liquid in the operating cylinder is released.The process that system changes the combination velocity ratio is to be finished by the hydraulic system shown in this figure, and each reversing solenoid valve is in when upper, and corresponding oil cylinder fills high pressure oil, and its transmission system of controlling is carried out asynchronous velocity ratio, is operated in one state; And the commutation electromagnet is in when the next, and corresponding transmission system is carried out the Synchronous Transmission ratio, is operated in " 0 " state.The state of 4 solenoid directional control valves in the left side from figure, can read " 0,1 " information of transmission system, to be preface from left to right, the code of current combination velocity ratio is " 0101 ", and the speed-change process of system is actually a process of adjusting each gear unit Effector " 0,1 " state.Speed-change process is such: when carrying out a combination velocity ratio, high-voltage tube main valve 13 and low-voltage tube main valve 15 are in closed condition, therefore the interior liquid of small oil tank that pushes each gear unit dynamic resistance ring can not flow, at this moment, the control system solenoid valve of the rightmost side is connected low-pressure reservoir among the figure, arc operating handle oil cylinder draining, under the pulling of spring, the control system compressing tablet compresses each dynamic resistance ring; When the user has speed change request, specify the one-level rotating speed in the tachometer, solenoid circuit is switched on pairing by this combined rotational speed " 0,1 " code, change " 0,1 " state of each solenoid directional control valve, meanwhile, the control system solenoid valve on the right transfers to one state, and arc operating handle oil cylinder is supplied high pressure oil, each compressing tablet rotates around the axis with the arc operating handle, decontrols compressing the dynamic resistance ring.Be some preparatory works more than, system's velocity ratio remains unchanged, after the user sends " affirmation " signal, high-voltage tube main valve 13 and low-voltage tube main valve 15 are opened simultaneously, " 0,1 " state of each oil cylinder is just done unified adjustment at this moment, and after gear shift finished, main valve 13 and 15 cut out simultaneously.In the process of adjusting each oil cylinder " 0,1 " state, the pressure difference of high and low pressure fuel tank reduces, and when pressure difference was reduced to a certain degree, pump start by low-pressure reservoir suction pressure-oil tank, reached fluid till the standard up to pressure difference.After speed-change process finishes, solenoid directional control valve logical low-pressure reservoir in right side among the figure, operating handle oil cylinder draining, each compressing tablet compress each gear unit dynamic resistance ring again under the pulling of spring.

Figure 44 is the entity schematic representation of two outer dish gear units: among the figure, two outer surface drive plates are identical to the push rod translational movement by two covers, two covers interrelate with the triangle lever to push rod, push rod is vibrated in the drawn special balladeur train in the top in the drawings, and culdy is contained on the balladeur train with a pin.Drawn among the figure is a three-phase gear unit.

Figure 45 is the transmission principle sketch of outer-external form gear unit: among the figure, and 451, roller bearing; 452, culdy; 453, two-wheel is to the push rod bridge; 454, frame; 455, drive plate crest; 456, drive plate trough.

Figure 46 is the schematic diagrams of two outer surface drive plates by lever transmission between parallel axes: as figure, the transmission shaft at two outer surface drive plate places is parallel to each other, and by two culdy conversion direction of vibration, two one of shared centre of dish are to push rod.The drive plate wave number of drive plate as shown is respectively 2 and 5, and the transmission facies pattern belongs to three-phase.

Figure 47 be one three to the push rod balladeur train and to the push rod sterogram: this be a special use to the push rod balladeur train, be equivalent to three the identical push rod balladeur train are associated in are together used, can hold 3 vibrations that push rod is independent of each other.

Figure 48 is the plan view of ten thousand tons of press machine driving mechanisms: 481 is ptos among the figure; 482 and 486 is to the push rod tray, and 483 and 487 is frames, and 484 is three to the push rod balladeur train, 485, second transmission shaft, 488, first transmission shaft, 489, clutch, 4810, power input shaft, A, B, D are three internal surface drive plates, and a, b, d are three outer surface drive plates.

Figure 49 is the side view of ten thousand tons of press machinees; C is the eccentric wheel with involute surface among the figure; M is the fixing lower anvil iron piece of press machine; N is the upper anvil iron piece that press machine moves up and down.What h marked is eccentric offset.Upper anvil iron piece n is connected on the frame with two springs.After eccentric wheel c runs out of steam, upper anvil iron n will be hauled by spring and move upward, the speed uplink of the method control anvil iron block n of at this moment available control upper anvil iron piece n and frame frictional force.

Figure 50 is that circumference is sinusoidal in the face of the direct transfer simplified schematic diagram of moving axis of top transmission system drives length.The sinusoidal face transmission system of circumference among the figure is composed in series by 5 grades of gear units, for the purpose of directly perceived, only draws to critical pieces such as push rod balladeur train, drive plate and coupling shafts.Among the figure, circumference is to long pass moving axis of top transmission system drives, and transmission shaft is connected with transmission system with torsion plate by spline, and the long pass moving axis passes from the tubular frame.Indicating parts among the figure is respectively: 501, transmission shaft, 502, spline, 503, torsion plate, 504, the torsion plate bolt hole, 505, the outer surface drive plate, 506, coupling shaft, 507, to the push rod balladeur train, 508, the internal surface drive plate, 509, frame, 5010, belt wheel.

Figure 51 is the transmission system sketch of a bulldozer.Indicating parts among the figure is respectively: 511, crawler belt, 512, the crawler driving whell wheel reductor, 513, transmission shaft, 514, motor, 515, the main transmission device, 516, driving belt.

Figure 52 is the schematic representation of Figure 51 institute target 2 parts, this is the wheel reductor of crawler driving whell, adopt 6 relative push rods, the wave number of interior drive plate is 1, and outer drive plate and crawler driving whell are made of one, and its wave number is 5, concerning 6 relative push rods, the wave number of master and slave drive plate is foreign peoples's number each other, so principal and subordinate's drive plate switched in opposite when carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio, and velocity ratio is-5.

Figure 53 is that circumference is to the application schematic representation of top transmission system on locomotive, motorcycle axle as shown adopts electric drive, drive with high-speed motor, the top transmission system is formed by 4 gear unit series connection windings, can export unidirectional 16 grades of rotating speeds altogether, if, can obtain positive and negative 32 grades of rotating speeds by the motor counter-rotating.To play the part of wide hatching be motor rotor in right wheel left side among the figure, transmission device by torsion plate with transmission of torque to motorcycle axle.

To be that circumference is sinusoidal be applied in simplified schematic diagram on the lathe in the face of the top transmission system to Figure 54, indicated each main transmission part of lathe as the three-view diagram of figure, among the figure, 541, main shaft, 542, main motor, 543, Left Drive device, 544, feeding is with synchronously, and 545, the knife rest track, 546, the feed movement motor, 547, feed movement driver, 548, right driver.

Figure 55 is the band transmission schematic representation of main transmission among Figure 54, and each parts that indicates among the figure are respectively: 551, main shaft, 552, Left Drive device, 553, right driver, 554, main motor, 555, band synchronously.As figure, drive path is: motor-right driver-Left Drive device-main shaft, these 4 parts are with synchronously by three and are connected.

Figure 56 has represented the location map of the critical piece of lathe shown in Figure 54.Among the figure head of a bed portion a cylinder of below represent motor, motor on it left and right two cylinders represent left and right driver, a cylinder of the top is represented main shaft, the bed body each side has a band synchronously, moving by synchronous band of knife rest drives, these two band is by the traction of feed movement driver synchronously, and this driver is motor-operated by another.Feed movement driver and motor mounting are in the lathe right lower side.

Below with detailed proof principle of the present invention and function.

Draw earlier several simply to top driven model to transmission this type of belt drive in top is done preliminary explanation:

Fig. 1 be one the simplest to top transmission model: two-wheel can pump in its sliding rail to push rod, ramp piece and lower inclined plane piece all can move freely on horizontal plane, in left figure, when ramp is moved to the left, two-wheel is pressed down push rod, to push rod in descending process, the lower inclined plane piece applied active force and push away it be moved to the left, because the tilt angle of the relative horizontal plane of two ramp blocks is also inequality, so in above-mentioned movement process, the distance that ramp piece initiatively and passive lower inclined plane piece passed through in the unit time does not wait, and variation has taken place the horizontal thrust that the horizontal thrust that obtains on the lower inclined plane piece also promotes the ramp piece; Be inverted in the horizontal plane if lower inclined plane piece such as the right figure of Fig. 1 be shown in, then the horizontal motion direction of lower inclined plane piece also will be opposite with the horizontal motion direction of ramp piece.

In the last example, limited to the stroke of push rod, carry out continuously for making transmission, here drawing double inclined plane transmission bar, also is the model of pyramidal wave driving face, and as Fig. 2: pyramidal wave transmission bar is identical up and down, push rod there are two, be separated by the pyramidal wave half wavelength apart from layout, as seen from the figure, when last transmission bar translation, two are depressed successively to push rod, to the acting of underdrive bar, what acting finished pushes up back the triangle driving face of push rod by the underdrive bar, and so circulation.Like this, the horizontal motion of last transmission bar just has been delivered to the underdrive bar by two to push rod, though this system is transmitting movement continuously, but the problem that exists is: to push rod and ramp effect, to the push rod employing is a polynomial motion, thereby in transmission process, push rod is had velocity jump, therefore and cause rigid impulse, in addition, in transmission process, two can be in the transmission dead point simultaneously to push rod, as not by the motional inertia of underdrive bar, transmission direction also can become uncertain factor.

Top transmission model is improved: as Fig. 3, last underdrive bar pulled surface changes the sinusoidal waveform driving face into, and two change three into to push rod to push rod, and push rod is uniformly distributed in wavelength distance of transmission bar waviness of the surface.Like this, when last transmission bar uniform translation, three press down successively to push rod, to the acting of underdrive bar, three are done the first phase potential difference to push rod is that 120 grades of spending differ vibration, and each acting scope to push rod is 180 degree, i.e. half vibrational period, like this, each when not finishing working stroke fully, just has the next one that push rod is taken over acting to push rod.So, such transmission curved surface and can guarantee that to the form that push rod is arranged transmission carries out continuously.

Can draw preliminary conclusion by above mechanical model: guarantee on the horizontal plane to the top transmission between two surperficial transmission bars of straight sine wave continuously, the necessary condition of reliably carrying out is: the profile waveform of the transmission bar on two sinusoidal wave surfaces will have identical wave amplitude; Must guarantee in a wavelength distance uniform more than three to push rod; Must guarantee that in transmission process two-wheel keeps in touch with driving and driven driving face all the time to the roller at push rod two ends, because of the length to push rod is immutable, this just requires push rod two ends roller functional value with two driving face point of contact place sinusoidal wave function curves in transmission process identical constantly.

Above motion model is the models of two identical sinusoidal wave transmission bars by three relative push rod transmissions, do not possess speed changing function, make the system can speed change, the sinusoidal curve of two transmission bar driving face profiles should have different wavelength, this be because: the motion on two driving faces is synchronous to push rod two rollers, to push rod to-and-fro motion one-period, two transmission curved surfaces have all passed through the distance of a wavelength of sinusoidal swash on horizontal motion direction separately, have only two driving faces to choose different wavelength, power train just possesses speed changing function.Next is a moving direction, as seen from Figure 1, to push rod roller and two driving face point of contact places, if the function curve of two driving face profiles derivative value jack per line herein, then identical with force direction on acting on active surface to the direction of active force that driven surface applies to push rod, the motion of two driving faces is an equidirectional; If the derivative value contrary sign, force direction is opposite, and moving direction also can be opposite.

Here there being m complete sine-shaped transmission bar to call m ripple transmission bar in wavelength 2 π of the unit/ω distance, uniform n is called the relative push rod of n to push rod in the unit wavelength distance.The translation that m ripple transmission bar is discussed and the relative push rod of n etc. differ the mutual conversion of vibration, and functional value and derivative value must be discussed at phase dotted line place.The phase dotted line is meant that [in 0,2 π/ω), cross the n bar straight line to push rod, wherein article one phase dotted line is by (0,0) point interval.

Single wave function line y=Asin ω x and m wave function line y=Asin m ω x be placed in the rectangular coordinate system compare, and the research function curve can judge that in the functional value and the derivative value at phase dotted line place can the translation of transmission bar differ vibration conversion mutually with the grade to push rod system.

Following elder generation is by the value characteristics of three top driven relatively specifications of a model at the driving face profile function at phase dotted line place: be apparent that the type of single ripple most, as the m=1 figure of Fig. 4, at 3 phase dotted line X=0, X=2 π/3 ω, X=4 π/3 ω places, the functional value of sinusoidal line is respectively 0 Divide and to be on the 3 phase-splitting point values (be equivalent at 0 °, 120 °, 240 ° of values of locating), therefore in this case, the grade of the translation of transmission bar and three relative push rods differs vibration and can realize mutual conversion.

The grade of the relative push rod of n differs vibration, be meant that n is equally spaced in the unit wavelength distance to push rod, do equal amplitude, the double vibrations of same frequency, the initial phase of phase adjacency pair push rod differs 2 π/n angle successively.This n piston that push rod is equivalent to an in-line arrangement n cylinder IC engine, the crank throw of each piston correspondence certain crank angle that staggers, the crank angle difference of adjacent pistons is 2 π/n, and in the bent axle rotating process, what this n piston was done is exactly that typical a grade differs vibration.If each to-and-fro motion element (as piston) is considered as particle, also can regard a kind of fluctuation form as Deng differing vibration, this fluctuation also has directivity: going up in the example, in bent axle forward rotation and the backward rotation process, is that the direct of travel of the ripple of particle is antipodal with each piston.

Below will be in the same width of cloth figure analysis list wave function line y=Asin ω x and m wave function line y=Asin m ω x at the functional value at dotted line place mutually.(as Fig. 4) obtains functional value, the derivative value of two curves in phase dotted line place correspondence according to functional expression earlier, again according to the wavelength value of m ripple sinusoidal line, sketch the contours of its function figure line at phase dotted line place, by the situation that two function curves are got functional value in phase dotted line place, the grade that can the horizontal motion of the sinusoidal face transmission of discussion m ripple bar be converted into the relative push rod of n differs vibration.

Article three, the equation of the phase dotted line of the unit's of being distributed on wavelength distance is respectively: X=0, X=2 π/3 ω, X=4 π/3 ω.Article three, phase dotted line and single wave function line y=Asin ω x meet at 3 points (0,0),

3 derivative value of locating function curve are respectively ω A ,-ω A/2 ,-ω A/2.

Article three, the phase dotted line hands over m ripple sinusoidal line y=Asin m ω x in 3 points respectively, and establishing its functional value is respectively y ₁, y ₂, y ₃, the derivative value of corresponding point position is respectively y ₁', y ₂', y ₃'.Evaluation gets:

y ₁＝0??????????????????????????????????????????y ₁’＝mωA

y ₂＝Asin[mω×(2π/3ω)]＝Asin(2mπ/3)?????????y ₂’＝mωAcos(2mπ/3)

y ₃＝Asin[mω×(4π/3ω)]＝Asin(4mπ/3)?????????y ₃’＝mωAcos(4mπ/3)

Divide possible m=3k again, three kinds of situation discussion of m=3k+1 and m=3k+2, (k is an integer)

When m=3k:

y ₁＝0??????????????????????????????????????????y ₁’＝mωA

y ₂＝Asin2kπ＝0????????????????????????????????????????y ₂’＝mωAcos2kπ＝mωA

y ₃＝Asin4kπ＝0????????????????????????????????????????y ₃’＝mωAcos4kπ＝mωA

When m=3k+1:

y ₁＝0??????????????????????????????????????????????????y ₁’＝mωA

????????????y ₂’＝mωAcos[2kπ+(2π/3)]＝-mωA/2

????????????y ₃’＝mωAcos[4kπ+(4π/3)]＝-mωA/2

When m=3k+2:

y ₁＝0???????????????????????????????????????????????????y ₁’＝mωA

????????????y ₂’＝mωAcos[2kπ+(4π/3)]＝-mωA/2

????????????y ₃’＝mωAcos[4kπ+(8π/3)]＝-mωA/2

According to the above functional value that provides, derivative value, and, in rectangular coordinate system, make the partial function figure line of m ripple sinusoidal line at phase dotted line place by wavelength value at phase dotted line place.(referring to Fig. 4)

The usability of the transmission system that push rod is constituted with judge single ripple transmission bar, m ripple transmission bar and two-wheel: as shown in Figure 5, with three relative push rod bottom rollers respectively with m=3k, m=3k+1, the contact of three kinds of curves of m=3k+2 has only three the push rod upper roller all contacted with single ripple sine face y=Asin ω x.Just can make the top transmission is carried out smoothly.

In Fig. 5,

When m=3k, three to the push rod upper roller point-blank, can not all contact with last transmission bar driving face, carries out continuously so this situation can not guarantee transmission.

When m=3k+1, three can both contact with last transmission bar the push rod upper roller, and same phase dotted line place, and upper and lower driving face profile is identical at the functional value at roller point of contact place, and 2 derivatives of locating curve are 1/m than all.

When m=3k+2, need top waveform bar to half long distance of single wave-wave of left, be π/ω, just can make three the push rod upper roller all contacted with last transmission bar, and same phase dotted line place, upper and lower driving face profile is identical at the functional value at roller point of contact place, and 2 derivatives of locating curve are than all being-1/m.

As seen from Figure 5, when m=3k+1 or m=3k+2, after three relative push rod upper rollers and last driving face keep in touch, its bottom roller is in the three phase-splittings point place (being k/3 wavelength place) of underdrive bar respectively, so three relative push rods are that the grades of 120 degree differ when vibrating as phase difference under the driving of single ripple transmission bar, can provide continuous propelling force to the underdrive bar.At same phase dotted line place, on last bottom roller and the driving face point of contact, the functional value of two transmission bar sine function lines identical (m=3k+2 will accomplish that functional value is identical after the translation of transmission bar), derivative is than (m=3k+1) for 1/m, the underdrive bar is identical with the horizontal thrust direction that the transmission bar is gone up in the direction and the promotion of the suffered horizontal thrust in back that push rod is interacted, and this is the type of transmission in the same way; And the corresponding point position derivative is the type of reversing drive than (m=3k+2) for-1/m.

According to above conclusion, get back among Fig. 4.Draw: 0m=3k is continuously the type of transmission, and m=3k+1 is the type of transmission in the same way, and at each phase dotted line place, the functional value of driving face profile is identical up and down.M=3k+2 is the type of reversing drive, and at each phase dotted line place, the functional value of driving face profile is an opposite number up and down.

Further reach a conclusion by above: guarantee that the condition that the top transmission is carried out continuously is: in rectangular coordinate system, the functional value absolute value at dotted line place must be identical mutually at each with m wave function line y=Asin m ω x for single ripple transmission bar function line y=Asin ω x, that is: | Asin ω x|=|Asin m ω x|, what functional value was identical is the type of transmission in the same way; Functional value be opposite number be the type of reversing drive.

According to this conclusion, n that single ripple transmission bar constitutes by the relative push rod of n and m ripple transmission bar is discussed again mutually in the power train, the condition that number of phases n and transmission bar wave number m need satisfy.

N relative top transmission is meant in the unit wavelength distance, relies on n equally distributed type to the push rod transmitting movement (referring to Fig. 6).

The condition of the top transmission being carried out continuously according to the assurance of above-mentioned gained: at each phase dotted line place, the functional value of m wave function line must be identical everywhere with the absolute value of single wave function line function value.

Here the function line equation of supposing single ripple transmission bar is y=Asin ω x, and the function line equation of m ripple transmission bar is y=Asin m ω x, and the phase dotted line is meant the half-open intervals at the unit wavelength, and promptly [in 0,2 π/ω), equally distributed n bar straight line.

The equation of n bar phase dotted line is respectively:

X＝0，X＝2π/nω，……，X＝[2(n-1)π]/nω

The functional value of single ripple sinusoidal line y=Asin ω x at phase dotted line place is respectively:

0，Asin(2π/n)，……，Asin{[2(n-1)π]/n}

The functional value of the sinusoidal swash y=Asin m ω x of m ripple at phase dotted line place is respectively:

0，Asin(2mπ/n)，……，Asin{[2m(n-1)π]/n}

The condition of carrying out continuously according to transmission:

0＝0，|Asin(2π/n)|＝|Asin(2mπ/n)|，……

……，|Asin{[2(n-1)π]/n}|＝|Asin{[2m(n-1)π]/n}|

Here earlier right | Asin{[2 (n-1) π]/n}|=|Asin{[2m (n-1) π]/n}| finds the solution:

Discuss in two kinds of situation;

1, Asin{[2m (n-1) π]/n}=Asin{[2 (n-1) π]/n} (1) (transmission in the same way)

2, Asin{[2m (n-1) π]/n}=-Asin{[2 (n-1) π]/n} (2) (reversing drive)

(1) formula of finding the solution gets:

[2m (n-1) π]/n=2k π+2 (n-1) π/n (3) or

[2m(n-1)π]/n＝2kπ+π/2+2(n-1)π/n???????????(4)

(3) formula of separating gets: m=[kn/ (n-1)]+1 (5)

(4) formula of separating gets: m=[(k+1/4) n/ (n-1)]+1 (6)

(2) formula of finding the solution gets:

[2m (n-1) π]/n=2k π-2 (n-1) π/n (7) or

[2m(n-1)π]/n＝2kπ+π/2-2(n-1)π/n????????(8)

(7) formula of separating gets: m=[kn/ (n-1)]-1 (9)

(8) formula of separating gets: m=[(k+1/4) n/ (n-1)]-1 (10)

The characteristics that now are worth all round numbers according to each, to (5), (6), and (9), the value result of (10) four m determines:

In above-mentioned four formulas, m is the wave number of m ripple transmission bar in the unit wavelength distance, is a positive integer.K is an arbitrary integer.Be subjected to the restriction of m value, kn/ (n-1) and (k+1/4) n/ (n-1) must round; Top k/ (n-1) can be with an arbitrary integer b replacement greater than 3 the positive integer of determining because of number of phases n is one, and { (k+1/4) n/ (n-1) }, and at k, n during round numbers, can not round, thereby give up it.

To sum up, formula (1), separating respectively of (2) is:

M=bn+1 (this is the situation of transmission in the same way)

M=bn-1 (this is the situation of reversing drive)

M=bn ± 1st obtained at n bar phase dotted line place, with other phase dotted line place of this substitution as a result, can guarantee that also the absolute value of the functional value of two driving face profile function lines equates, that is:

0＝0，|Asin(2π/n)|＝|Asin(2mπ/n)|，……

……，|Asin{2(n-1)π/n}|＝|Asin{2m(n-1)π/n}|

In like manner, according to the condition that the top transmission is carried out continuously, extend to fixed length m ₁Ripple transmission bar and m ₂The power train that the relative push rod with n of ripple transmission bar is formed, as long as the wave number m of transmission bar satisfies condition m=bn ± 1 (m, b, n are integer) so the translation of transmission bar and the relative push rod of n etc. differ vibration and just can realize mutual conversion.

Satisfy the m of wave number value condition m=bn ± 1 ₁Ripple transmission bar and m ₂The power train that the relative push rod with n of ripple transmission bar is formed can realize continuous transmission.As for transmission direction, here earlier hypothesis two transmission bars all earlier by single ripple transmission bar realization transmission, because single ripple transmission bar can be by the transmission bar transmission to push rod and any wave number of any number of phases, and wave number is that the transmission bar of m=bn-1 and single ripple transmission bar match and be reversing drive; Match and be the forward transmission and wave number is the transmission bar of m=bn+1 and single ripple transmission bar.Like this, be reference with single ripple transmission bar, can obtain to draw a conclusion: m=bn-1 is called n left side class number, and m=bn+1 is called the right class number of n, and the wave number of establishing the main transmission bar is m ₁, the wave number of driven transmission bar is m ₂, work as m ₁And m ₂With getting n left side class number or with getting the right class of n when counting, single staged transmission ratio is i=m ₂/ m ₁, this is the type of transmission in the same way, and works as m ₁And m ₂Get the foreign peoples when counting, single staged transmission ratio is i=-m ₂/ m ₁, this is the type of reversing drive.When m got 1,1 was called the right class number of unique general-purpose, the type of Here it is single ripple.

More than be the situation of straight sinusoidal wave transmission bar by the relative push rod transmission of n, differ the condition that vibration can realize mutual conversion by the translation of m ripple transmission bar and the grade of the relative push rod of n | Asin ω x|=|Asin m ω x|, value condition expression m=bn ± 1 that draws transmission bar wave number.And for the sinusoidal driving face of circumference to the top transmission system, n push rod is arranged on drive plate radius direction, being spoke shpae by the phase dotted line to push rod is evenly arranged on the circumference, for any phase dotted line, its correspondence is being led, corner from the drive plate on circumference sinusoidal line zero width of cloth circle is identical, the grade of the relative push rod of n that rotatablely moves be circular layout of drive plate differs the condition that vibration can transform mutually: corresponding functional value Asin m ω θ on zero width of cloth circle rotational angle theta that the phase dotted line delimited is identical with the absolute value of circumference list ripple circumference sinusoidal line functional value Asin ω θ of correspondence on the round rotational angle theta of identical zero width of cloth for circumference m ripple sinusoidal line, that is: | Asin ω θ |=| Asin m ω) θ |, can draw by this condition:

Sinusoidal in the face of in the gear unit of top transmission system at circumference, the wave number m of drive plate must comply with the number of phases n of push rod is decided m=bn ± 1.(m, b, n are integer) is if driving disc wave number m ₁With driven disc wave number m ₂Be all n left side class and count bn-1 or be all the right class of n when counting bn+1, single-stage driving is transmission in the same way, i=m ₂/ m ₁And work as m ₁And m ₂Get the foreign peoples when counting, be reversing drive, i=-m ₂/ m ₁The card process that pushes away of above conclusion and straight sine wave to top transmission system related conclusions to draw process identical.

The principle of work and power to the top transmission system below is discussed.For straight sinusoidal wave transmission bar, identical with the functional value at master and slave two transmission wave function intersections of complex curve places, wave number is m respectively to push rod straight line of living in ₁And m ₂Two curves at the derivative ratio at intersection point place separately be ± m ₁/ m ₂, the ratio of active force is proportional to the ratio of curve at the derivative at phase dotted line place, and its absolute value is m ₁/ m ₂, and the ratio of master and slave transmission bar unit time Horizontal displacement is m ₂/ m ₁, like this, the ratio of the power of master and slave transmission bar is 1: 1.Transmission is a permanent power process.And for circumference to the top power train, then need in the circumference orthogonal coordinate system, to discuss its principle of work and power.

Circumference orthogonal coordinate system (referring to Figure 11) is meant with the circular arc to be X-axis, with circular arc radius be the special-purpose system of coordinates of Y-axis.Y-axis changes with the value of X constantly changes direction, and the value of independent variable X is Y-axis turns over the angle around the circular arc center of circle radian value θ, and 0 of (as Figure 11) X is the starting point of circular arc, and 0 of Y rotates with radius, and is on the circular arc.X is a crooked coordinate axes, and direction is all the time perpendicular to Y-axis, and this system of coordinates is exclusively used in discusses circumference to the stressed stressing conditions of top gear unit to push rod, is called the circumference orthogonal coordinate system.

Why in the circumference orthogonal coordinate system, the principle of work and power be discussed, be because circumference push rod is spoke shpae arranges in circumference to the top transmission system, master and slave driving face is discussed and to the active force between the push rod roller, must could accurately calculate stressed ratio like this with respect to discussing through the straight line of push rod is set up system of coordinates to push rod two rollers.After the circumference orthogonal coordinate system was set up, though two the circumferential coordinates systems in master and slave drive line office, under the x value of phase dotted line correspondence, two function lines had identical independent variable θ value.This provides very big convenience for calculating.

In the circumference orthogonal coordinate system, the equation of circumference sinusoidal line is:

Wave number is m ₁With wave number be m ₂, its value satisfies two circumference sinusoidal line of value condition m=bn ± 1, and at phase dotted line place, the absolute value of functional value is identical, promptly | Asin m ₁θ |=| Asin m ₂θ |, can get m thus ₁θ=2k π+m ₂θ or m ₁θ=2k π+pi/2+m ₂θ gets when deciding X=θ the derivative y of driving disc circumference sinusoidal line at independent variable ₁'=(dy ₁/ d θ)/(dx ₁/ d θ)=m ₁Acos m ₁θ, the derivative y of driven disc circumference sinusoidal line ₂'=(dy ₂/ d θ)/(dx ₂/ d θ)=m ₂Acos m ₂θ, y ₁'/y ₂'=(m ₁Cos m ₁θ)/(m ₂Cos m ₂θ), work as m ₁θ=2k π+m ₂During θ, y ₁'/y ₂'=m ₁/ m ₂Work as m ₁θ=2k π+pi/2+m ₂During θ, y ₁'/y ₂The m of '=- ₁/ m ₂And being proportional to it in the slope ratio at dotted line place mutually at master and slave drive plate in same phase dotted line place and ratio to the active force of push rod, its value is ± m ₁/ m ₂, what the sign of the ratio of active force reflected is the direction of power.And the ratio of the rotating speed of master and slave drive plate is inversely proportional to the wave number ratio, and its value is m ₂/ m ₁, in view of the above, the ratio that can draw the power of master and slave drive plate is 1: 1 a conclusion.

By the sinusoidal wave drive plate of internal surface circumference and the sinusoidal wave drive plate of outer surface circumference and match with it just can primordial gear unit originally to push rod system, drive plate is to be the discoid part of profile with the circumference sinusoidal line, disc and outer disc in dividing by the difference of its working surface.Drive plate links to each other with transmission shaft by coupling.To push rod is a reciprocating transmission component.Each slides in sliding mount separately to push rod, the spoke shpae that is each sliding mount is fixed on the disk, this disk is called the push rod tray, tray by Bearing Installation on frame, tray can rotate, also being equipped with on the frame can axially movable dynamic resistance ring, can control the rotary state of tray.

Each is m by wave number ₁Main transmission disc and wave number be m ₂The basic gear unit that constitutes from nutating disk sheet and the relative push rod of n evenly arranged on to the push rod tray, can carry out two permanent power velocity ratios, promptly asynchronous velocity ratio i=± m ₂/ m ₁Compare i=1 with Synchronous Transmission, can outside these two velocity ratios, realize flexible the switching in addition, this special performances is determined by the sinusoidal characteristics in the face of the top transmission system of circumference, here earlier by the loading characteristic of Fig. 1 explanation to each element of top transmission, in Fig. 1, the lower inclined plane piece be to rely on push rod to be pressed down acting to realize to left movement, passive lower inclined plane piece is applied the time spent of doing of power in that push rod is subjected to the driving of ramp piece, will be subjected to the reaction force of substantially horizontal ramp by push rod is applied to the push rod balladeur train, this active force is perpendicular to the push rod travel direction.Equally, circumference is sinusoidal wave in the face of in the transmission system of top, and basic gear unit will be to producing torque to the push rod tray because of the reaction force that is subjected to driving face to push rod when carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio.At this moment, have only tray is applied a resistance, make tray keep not changeing, system just can carry out asynchronous velocity ratio i=± m ₂/ m ₁If get up with the active disc with to push rod tray locking.Like this, driving disc, driven disc and will rotate synchronously to the push rod tray.At this moment push rod is stopped vibration.Gear unit is exported Synchronous Transmission in this case and is compared i=1.

This shows that gear unit is when carrying out drive task, or execution Synchronous Transmission ratio, or carries out asynchronous velocity ratio, except flexible transition between these two kinds of drive states, does not have the third steady running state.

In order to obtain multistage permanent power velocity ratio, a plurality of gear unit series connection uses just can be achieved the goal.The combination velocity ratio that Here it is will say.Suppose that a transmission system is in series by n gear unit, the velocity ratio of each gear unit is respectively i ₁, i ₂..., i _n, after series connection is used so, the velocity ratio i=i of system ₁* i ₂* ... * i _n, this is called the combination velocity ratio.

Because each gear unit can freely select to carry out asynchronous velocity ratio i=± m ₂/ m ₁With Synchronous Transmission than i=1, the gear unit of carrying out the Synchronous Transmission ratio is equivalent to coupling, only carries out drive task and does not carry out the speed change task, the combination velocity ratio of system numerically depends on the assembly situation of the gear unit of respectively carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio.Here the asynchronous velocity ratio of each gear unit has nothing in common with each other in the supposing the system, and when a gear unit was carried out asynchronous velocity ratio, the number of system in combination velocity ratio was C _n ¹When two gear units were carried out asynchronous velocity ratio, combination velocity ratio number was C _n ²When by that analogy, n gear unit all carried out asynchronous velocity ratio; The number of combination velocity ratio is C _n ⁿAnd none carry out asynchronous velocity ratio promptly all gear units all carry out Synchronous Transmission than the time, the combination velocity ratio number be C _n ⁰Therefore, the number of the total combination velocity ratio of system can be represented like this: N=C _n ⁰+ C _n ¹+ ... + C _n ⁿ=2 ⁿBy following formula as seen, the driver that is composed in series of a plurality of gear units.The number N of the permanent power velocity ratio of its output is relevant with the number n of gear unit, and N is the exponential function of n, and the increment rate of N value will be much larger than n, and Here it is, and the sinusoidal top transmission system of facing of circumference has the reason of numerous permanent power velocity ratios.

The total number of combination velocity ratio depends on the number with gear unit, and the numerical value of combination velocity ratio depends primarily on the value of the asynchronous velocity ratio of each gear unit.Below will be by the value characteristics of one group of asynchronous velocity ratio of data declaration gear unit and combination velocity ratio.

The asynchronous velocity ratio of a gear unit depends on the wave number of master and slave drive plate, and the wave number value is subjected to the push rod number of phases is limit, so the assembly of the asynchronous velocity ratio of gear unit has certain rules.

Following table is according to value formula m=bn ± 1 of the sinusoidal wave transmission system drive plate of circumference wave number, and the list of values of drive plate wave number of listing several transmission facies patterns is as follows: (wave number of drive plate is limited in below 15 in the table)

3 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2 ＞	3 ∧	4 ＜	5 ＞	6 ∧	7 ＜	8 ＞	9 ∧	10 ＜	11 ＞	12 ∧	13 ＜	14 ＞	15 ∧
																	4 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3 ＞	4 ∧	5 ＜	6	7 ＞	8 ∧	9 ＜	10	11 ＞	12 ∧	13 ＜	14	15 ＞
5 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3	4 ＞	5 ∧	6 ＜	7	8	9 ＞	10 ∧	11 ＜	12	13	14 ＞	15 ∧
																	6 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3	4	5 ＞	6 ∧	7 ＜	8	9	10	11 ＞	12 ∧	13 ＜	14	15
7 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3	?4	5	6 ＞	7 ∧	8 ＜	9	10	11	12	13 ＞	14 ∧	15 ＜
13 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3	?4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12 ＞	13 ∧	14 ＜	15
																	14 phases	0 ∧	1 ＜	2	?3	?4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13 ＞	14 ∧	15 ＜

In actual applications, be 3 to the minimum value of push rod number of phases n, in the last table, the number of annotating ∧ is the multiple of number of phases n, annotate＞number be n left side class number, annotate＜number be the right class number of n.(same walking crosswise) has only n left side class number and the right class number of n can take wave number into this kind transmission facies pattern drive plate in the wave number list of values of same transmission facies pattern, annotates the number of ∧ in the table and do not do all inadvisable usefulness of number of any mark.As can be seen from the above table, any positive integer beyond the multiple of the wave number desirable 3 of three-phase driving type drive plate, its span is the widest.Along with the increase to the push rod number of phases, the span of drive plate wave number is dwindled.

After transmission facies pattern and drive plate wave number were got and decided, various drive plates are combination mutually in twos, just can obtain various asynchronous velocity ratios.The transmission direction of asynchronous velocity ratio is counted the type decision by two drive plates.

Following form claims velocity ratio assembly table, is meant in the same transmission facies pattern that wave number meets the drive plate two two-phase assembly of value rule, draws the situation of possible velocity ratio.

List the assembly table of 3 facies type velocity ratios earlier:

3 left class numbers: 2,5,8,11,14 3 right class numbers: 1,4,7,10,13

Below be the assembly table of 4 facies type velocity ratios:

4 left class numbers: 3,7,11,15 4 right class numbers: 1,5,9,13

Below be the assembly table of 5 facies type velocity ratios:

5 left class numbers: 4,9,14 5 right class numbers: 1,6,11

In above-mentioned three velocity ratio assembly tables, on to walk crosswise be driven disc wave number m ₂, left file is driving disc wave number m ₁, form intersection point place is velocity ratio m ₂/ m ₁Value, m ₁And m ₂Be all n left side class number or be all the right class of n when counting, velocity ratio get on the occasion of, be velocity ratio in the same way; m ₁And m ₂When the foreign peoples counted each other, velocity ratio was got negative value, was the reversing drive ratio.

The velocity ratio at space place is 1 (not marking), and this is the assembly situation of master and slave Moving plate wave number when identical, will not select for use.Numeral in the form bracket is the index that is discord of this velocity ratio, and the index that is discord has reflected the position of velocity ratio in the assembly table, and its hundred is the position value of velocity ratio, and ten is that individual position is right ordered series of numbers place value along number row place value.The velocity ratio for selecting for use of velocity ratio mark *, this is because than than there being the lower same gear ratios of the index that is discord to exist.

Below three groups of forms claim asynchronous velocity ratio tabulation, be according to above velocity ratio assembly table, by drive plate wave number all velocity ratios below 15 (comprising 15) that the value condition of three-phase, four phases, five facies pattern velocity ratios provides respectively, velocity ratio divides positive and negative branch to list by size in the table.

Three-phase type

-14 (111)	-11 (113)	-8 (115)	-6.5 (122)	-5 (117)	-3.5 (126)	-2.75 (133)	-2.6 (142)	-2 (119)	-1.63 (162)	-1.57 (153)
											13 (112)	10 (114)	7 (116)	5.5 (123)	4 (118)	3.25 (132)	2.8 (141)	2.5 (127)	2.2 (143)	1.86 (152)	1.75 (136)

-1.4 (146)	-1.25 (137)	-1.18 (182)	-1.14 (155)	-1.1 (173)	-1.08 (191)	-0.93 (302)	-0.91 (284)	-0.88 (266)	-0.85 (293)	-0.8 (248)
											1.6 (145)	1.43 (154)	1.38 (163)	1.3 (172)	1.27 (181)	0.79 (303)	0.77 (294)	0.73 (285)	0.7 (276)	0.63 (267)	0.57 (258)

-0.71 (257)	-0.64 (286)	-0.62 (295)	-0.5 (230)	-0.38 (297)	-0.36 (288)	-0.29 (259)	-0.2 (250)	-0.15 (299)	-0.13 (270)	-0.09 (290)	-0.07 (310)
												?0.54 (296)	0.45 (287)	0.4 (249)	0.36 (307)	0.31 (298)	0.25 (240)	0.18 (289)	0.14 (260)	0.1 (280)	0.08 (300)

Have 66 velocity ratios in the last table,, 33 step-down ratios are arranged, 33 ratios that drive up by acceleration, deceleration type branch; By the transmission direction branch, 32 forward velocity ratios are arranged, 34 reversing drive ratios.

Four facies types:

-15 (111)	-7 (115)	-4.33 (122)	-3 (117)	-2.2 (133)	-1.86 (142)	-1.67 (126)	-1.29 (144)	-1.22 (153)	-1.15 (171)	-0.87 (282)
											9 (114)	5 (116)	3.67 (123)	2.6 (137)	2.33 (125)	2.14 (141)	1.8 (134)	1.44 (152)	1.36 (161)	0.73 (283)	0.69 (274)

-0.85 (273)	-0.82 (264)	-0.78 (255)	-0.6 (237)	-0.54 (275)	-0.45 (266)	-0.33 (228)	-0.3 (257)	-0.23 (277)	-0.14 (248)	-0.07 (288)
											0.64 (265)	0.56 (256)	0.47 (285)	0.43 (247)	0.38 (276)	0.27 (267)	0.2 (238)	0.11 (258)

Have 41 velocity ratios in the last table,, 19 step-down ratios are arranged, 22 ratios that drive up by acceleration, deceleration type branch; By the transmission direction branch, 19 forward velocity ratios are arranged, 22 reversing drive ratios.

Five facies types

-9 (113)	-4 (115)	-2.33 (131)	-1.5 (124)	-1.27 (151)	-0.82 (253)	-0.67 (235)	-0.43 (264)	-0.25 (226)	-0.11 (246)	-0.07 (266)
												11 (112)	6 (114)	3.5 (121)	2.25 (123)	1.83 (132)	1.56 (141)	1.22 (142)	0.55 (254)	0.44 (245)	0.29 (265)	0.17 (236)	0.09 (256)

Have 23 velocity ratios in the last table,, 12 step-down ratios are arranged, 11 ratios that drive up by acceleration, deceleration type branch; By the transmission direction branch, 12 forward velocity ratios are arranged, 11 reversing drive ratios.

In actual applications, should preferentially select the driving type of three relative push rods for use, because three facies pattern gear unit structures are the simplest, the velocity ratio span is the widest, but because the wave number of three facies pattern drive plates can not be got 3 and 3 multiple, so some special velocity ratio can not find in the tabulation of three-phase velocity ratio, the high number of phases (as four phases, five phases) driving type can provide some three-phase gear units inaccessiable special velocity ratio.In addition, because many to the push rod number, its bearing capacity is bigger than three top driven relatively bearing capacitys to the top transmission for high number of phases circumference.Two groups of above backs, four have provided some special velocity ratios (will remove with the velocity ratio of repetition in the three-phase tabulation in the table) in the velocity ratio tabulation mutually with five mutually.

130 kinds of unit velocity ratios altogether are provided in the last table, the combination velocity ratio of transmission system is formed by these basic velocity ratio combinations, and the unit velocity ratio number that constitutes the combination velocity ratio has nothing in common with each other, so the assembly situation of combination velocity ratio is ever-changing, for the combination velocity ratio of more being optimized, draw the notion of the index that is discord here.

Why will draw the index that is discord, this is relevant to the drive characteristic of top transmission system with circumference: at first, the transmission effect of the asynchronous velocity ratio of each gear unit of transmission system has the branch of good and bad matter; Secondly, the combination velocity ratio is to be formed by different unit velocity ratio assembly, and the assembly number is different with assembling form, and the transmission effect of its combination velocity ratio also has the branch of quality.Give the index that is discord to each unit velocity ratio and combination velocity ratio, can the guidance system design go, also can remind the user to note avoiding using the combination velocity ratio of some transmission concordance difference in actual applications toward the direction of more optimizing.

So-called to top driven concordance, with respect to for top driven transmission process and transmission effect, mainly be meant each gear unit in carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio process the relative harmony degree and take all factors into consideration the relative harmonious degree in operation process of each gear unit in the system of sealing in.Select the low velocity ratio of the index that is discord (comprising unit velocity ratio and combination velocity ratio) for use, help reducing vibration, the control noise reduces power loss.

Below at first analyze top driven process.To top driven characteristics be: initiatively the moving direction of driving face, driven driving face is all vertical mutually with the moving direction to push rod, there be twice conversion of motion in (with reference to Fig. 3) transmission process, in first time conversion of motion process, be in the process of main transmission face promotion to push rod, to push rod is driven member, it is little to have only active driving face slope or slope variation rate to get, and is pushed push rod is just easier; In second time conversion of motion process, to push rod is master driver, have only the slope or the slope variation rate of driven surface to get greatly, driven driving face is just easier to be pushed, and as seen, guarantee the sinusoidal harmonious transmission in the face of the top gear unit of circumference, the wave number of main transmission dish should be got little as far as possible, so initiatively the slope variation rate of driving face is little, and should get as far as possible greatly from the wave number of nutating disk, so that driven driving face slope variation rate is big.And this value trend of master and slave drive plate wave number, big retarding is than the type of transmission, so the sinusoidal top transmission system of facing of circumference is suitable for gearing down most just.Secondly, be a reciprocating element to push rod, it is unlikely excessive also should to control its vibration frequency, and the vibration frequency of push rod is depended on the wave number and the rotating speed of driving disc, under the certain situation of driving disc rotating speed, should control the wave number of driving disc, does not make it excessive.Once more, because in transmission, what driven disc acting was finished is that driving face by driven disc pushes up back to push rod, though getting, the driven disc wave number helps greatly push rod is promoted driven disc, but the driven disc wave number the is excessive push rod underloading is returned after being unfavorable for doing work, therefore, painstakingly do not pursue driven disc excessive wave number is arranged.

So the sinusoidal design in the face of top transmission system gear unit of circumference should be followed following optimum principle:

1, the asynchronous velocity ratio of gear unit is preferentially selected step-down ratio for use.

2, preferentially select the main transmission dish of little wave number for use.

3, preferentially select for use big wave number from nutating disk.

More than three optimum principles corresponding respectively help making to more humorous three primary conditions of carrying out of top transmission: the first, help carrying out smoothly of twice conversion of motion between the gear unit driving component.The second, help controlling vibration frequency to push rod.The 3rd, help promoting driven disc; Help driven disc push up back smoothly do work finish to push rod.

Above-mentioned three preferred steps, the status difference has primary and secondary other, and branch successively should be considered optimum principle 1 earlier, secondly is 2, just takes 3 into account at last, therefore, three optimum principle rank differences.In drive plate assembly table, one group of space of arranging on the form diagonal is divided into upper right portion and bottom left section with form, and upper right portion all is the type of gearing down, and the absolute value of velocity ratio is all greater than 1; Bottom left section all is the type that drives up, and the velocity ratio absolute value is less than 1.Here artificial setting district potential coefficient is 100, and the row potential coefficient is 10, and the row potential coefficient is 1, and in drive plate assembly table, the position value of establishing upper right district is 1, and the position value in lower-left district is 2; Number be the row place value along number row, right ordered series of numbers number is the row place value, and the index that is discord of the asynchronous velocity ratio of gear unit is so:

Position value * locational coefficient+row place value * row potential coefficient+row place value * row potential coefficient

In addition, the index that is discord of also artificial appointment gear unit Synchronous Transmission ratio is 0.

The index that is discord has reflected the position of velocity ratio in specific transmission facies pattern transmission disc assembly table.Such as: the be discord index of a certain unit velocity ratio in the assembly table is 111, and in other words: this velocity ratio is in the upper right district in the tabular, along several first row, right several first row.By the table in as can be seen: the index that is discord of step-down ratio is lower than the ratio that drives up.Concerning same driven disc, the driving disc wave number of proportioning is more little with it, and the index that is discord is low more, and to identical driving disc, selects the bigger driven disc of wave number for use, can reduce the index that is discord of velocity ratio.

The index that is discord of unit velocity ratio can be relatively accurate the concordance of reflection gear unit running, when selecting the asynchronous velocity ratio of gear unit, should preferentially select the low velocity ratio of the index that is discord for use.

Transmission system is in transmission process, what carry out is the combination velocity ratio, combined rotational speed is the result of each gear unit fellowship in the system, the gear unit that has in the system is carried out asynchronous velocity ratio, the gear unit that has is carried out the Synchronous Transmission ratio, give the index that is discord to each grade combination velocity ratio, help differentiating the relative harmony degree of this grade combination velocity ratio system's running when carrying out drive task.

The index that is discord of combination velocity ratio is definition like this: the rotating speed of establishing prime mover is 1, according to the velocity ratio (comprising Synchronous Transmission ratio and asynchronous velocity ratio) of each gear unit, calculates the input speed of each gear unit.Gear units at different levels input speed separately multiply by the index that is discord of its unit velocity ratio, this is called this gear unit to the be discord addition of index of combination velocity ratio, to the be discord addition addition of index of combination velocity ratio, this can obtain the index that is discord of this combination velocity ratio with each gear unit in the system.Because the index that is discord of Synchronous Transmission ratio is 0, so the gear unit of carrying out the Synchronous Transmission ratio in the system is 0 to the be discord addition of index of combination velocity ratio.Therefore,, in system design process, should place slow speed turbine stage to the high gear unit of the index that is discord as much as possible, so reduce it as far as possible to the be discord addition of index of combination velocity ratio for reducing the index that is discord of combination velocity ratio.In transmission system, from the power intake to the output terminal, each gear unit should be arranged by the size order of asynchronous velocity ratio absolute value.In addition, less gear unit is carried out asynchronous velocity ratio in the transmission system, helps reducing the index that is discord of combined rotational speed, therefore, is taking into account under the situation of rotating speed, should make more gear unit carry out the Synchronous Transmission ratio as far as possible.

Prime mover rotating speed multiply by the index that is discord of certain one-level combination velocity ratio, can obtain the index that is discord of this grade rotating speed.

Transmission system can provide multistage permanent power rotating speed, every grade of rotating speed all corresponding the index that is discord, it has reflected and has obtained this grade rotating speed, the harmonious degree of system's running.Be discord the drawing of index can help the artificer to utilize computer to select best gear unit assembled scheme from the vast and numerous combined rotational speed of number, guarantees that the harmony of transmission is carried out.

Below introduce the design of Transmission System method:

Circumference is sinusoidal all to be normalized transmission component in the face of the various transmission discs of top transmission adopted and to push rod, frame and bearing etc. also all have unified standard, the main task of system design is the rotating speed assembly, for the more transmission system of combination velocity ratio, the rotating speed assembly is that a vast and numerous group is calculated comparison procedure, this task needs to be finished by computer, and what the artificer will do is: work out tachometer, but specify the domain of walker of rotating speeds at different levels; The index that is discord according to the designed scheme of computer; The flow process of decision design.

After the tachometer that prime mover rotating speed and artificer require to reach was determined, computer was at first according to the progression N of combination velocity ratio ₁Calculate the minimal amount n of needed gear unit, formula is n=log ₂N ₁, when income value was decimal, n got the contiguous positive integer bigger than this value.Below determine actual transmission progression N according to the n value again.Such as, certain user has formulated 13 grades of rotating speeds, according to calculating, and minimum 4 gear units of serial connection that need, actual transmission progression is 2 ⁴, totally 16 grades, the rotating ratio user's that reality can provide needs are many 3 grades, and these 3 grades of rotating speeds can be used as standby rotating speed and exist.After the number of speeds of customer requirements and corresponding rotating speeds codomain are determined, computer will (provide 130 kinds of velocity ratios in the velocity ratio tabulation of front) and choose the unit velocity ratio from the tabulation of unit velocity ratio, group is calculated one by one, till finding 4 gear units that satisfy condition, at this moment provide 16 grades of rotating speeds of symbol requirement, and indicate the index that is discord of each grade rotating speed.Need the user that the index that is discord of rotating speeds at different levels is approved this moment, if the user thinks that the index that is discord of certain one-level rotating speed is too high, it has negated the former design proposal of computer, at this moment design will be faced with two alternatives: or in system, increase a gear unit, satisfy user's needs with the method that enlarges transmission progression; Provide close design proposal, the rotating speeds at different levels of close scheme should accomplish to be discord index within user's restricted portion, take into account the speed range of the most approaching former design appointment again.If the user has selected to check close design, but the various close design proposal that computer is provided is dissatisfied, at this moment can only select to increase a gear unit, transmission progression is expanded again be twice on original basis.Computer will reenter group calculation program.Up to providing the rotating speed that the user needs

Theoretically, by increasing the gear unit number, enlarge the method for transmission progression, transmission system always can provide the multistage rotating speed of customer requirements in a design proposal.This be because transmission system have huge amount the velocity ratio assembly may: insert one of the every increase of quantity of gear unit in the system, transmission progression then can double on original basis again.When the gear unit of serial connection is added to some, total transmission progression will be a googol value.

Below with the link that is connected in series between the detailed control piece of introducing gear unit and gear unit and each gear unit.

Each basic gear unit is by outer drive plate, interior drive plate with to push rod system and push rod tray control system is formed.One is the active drive plate in two transmission discs, and another is from nutating disk.Push rod tray, driving disc, driven disc three dishes there is identical spin axis.

To push rod is a shaft-like part, its two ends are respectively roller base, one at live roller one end, push rod is moved back and forth in to the push rod balladeur train, balladeur train is the dismantled and assembled part of a profile such as H shape, n balladeur train is spoke shpae and is arranged on the push rod tray, and to the notch that holds the embedding balladeur train is arranged on the push rod tray, balladeur train is fixed on the tray by bolt or rivet.Roller radius to the push rod two ends is decided according to the minimum profile curvature radius of each self-corresponding driving face, as long as its radius is not more than the driving face minimum profile curvature radius and is available.Therefore, the desirable different radius value of two ends roller.

To the push rod tray is a controlled rolling disc, plays a part to take up to the push rod balladeur train.In addition, also can be under the effect of gear selecting dish, keep static or rotate with driven disc.Also be connected with the gear selecting dish that can laterally move on the tray.This device can get up driving disc and driven disc locking the time marquis of needs, in this case, driving disc, driven disc rotates synchronously together with the push rod tray is combined as a whole.

The gear selecting dish is one and is connected the discoid part on the push rod tray by spline, can be moving axially to the push rod tray, the gear selecting dish has two friction stop surface, and corresponding friction surface is corresponding on one and the coupling shaft, the respective surfaces correspondence of another and stop ring.Moving axially of gear selecting dish by mobile acting in conjunction to spring on the push rod tray and stop ring.

Coupling shaft is the significant components of contact two gear units, sinusoidal at circumference in the face of in the transmission system of top, often a plurality of gear unit series connection are used, adjacent variable-speed unit drive plate connects from beginning to end, just the driving disc of back level and the driven disc of prime interconnect, what play this effect is exactly coupling shaft, and coupling shaft is contained on the frame by bearing, and is free to rotate.In addition, coupling shaft also plays a part to take up to the push rod tray, also is to be installed on the coupling shaft by pair of bearings to the push rod tray.

Control system is to be responsible for adjusting each gear unit " 0,1 " state.Specifically: be to control each gear unit dynamic resistance ring position, the dynamic resistance ring is advanced by two small oil tanks, when oil cylinder is oil-filled, the dynamic resistance ring is pushed into " 1 " position, and this moment, this gear unit was carried out asynchronous velocity ratio; During the oil cylinder draining, the dynamic resistance ring retreats to " 0 " position, and gear unit is carried out the Synchronous Transmission ratio.Oil-filled, the corresponding solenoid directional control valve of draining action of small oil tank switch the high and low pressure oil pipe to be finished, and the circuit that drives solenoid directional control valve " 0,1 " state is directly to be controlled by electronic computer or user.

Circumference is sinusoidal in the face of the top transmission system is a kind of the have high transmission efficiency and machine driven system of good control performance, than prior art, following advantage is arranged:

Can obtain considerable transmission economic benefit; Has good control performance; Transmission progression is many, and speed range is wide; The transmission accuracy height, allocation plan is many; Boundary dimension is little, and bearing capacity is big; Be easy to realize standardization and seriation; The harmonious degree height that turns round vibrates for a short time, and noise is low; Has overload protection function; Simple in structure, help reducing cost; Can carry out personalized designs with user's requirement.

In all kinds of type of belt drive, mechanically operated transmission efficiency is the highest, and for high-power driver, even transmission efficiency improves 0.1 percentage point, the mechanical energy of saving also is very considerable.But high-power machinery equipment is commonly used to efficient lower hydraudynamic drive and the bigger Electrified Transmission of investment.For Electrified Transmission, though the technology of DC speed regulation and ac variable frequency speed regulation becomes better and approaching perfection day by day, speed adjusting performance is good; But significantly weakness is: equipment less economical, for obtaining the big torque low speed under, need to enlarge the power of motor capacity, and this increases motor cost, and it is big that volume becomes, and simultaneously, the big electric current during low-speed running in the motor also can make unhelpful electric energy loss increase.When running up, causes by motor the waste of electric motor power again.The invention belongs to mechanical driver, simple in structure, moulding is light and handy, and drive path is simple and direct, and no-load power is little in order, and energy loss is low.Its multistage combination velocity ratio all is permanent power velocity ratio.The self structure characteristics are particularly suited for gearing down, therefore, can obtain higher transmission efficiency as speed reduction gearing in high-power transmission.

Why the gear-box that transmission efficiency is high is replaced by inefficient fluid transmission in high-power transmission, and a very important reason is: the fluid transmission has good control performance, but automatic speed regulation, and stepless change in traveling process can loaded starting.Its controlling method is simple and reliable.And the operating mechanism complexity of the gear-box of dependence shifting slide gear speed change will be interrupted power by clutch during gear shift, can clash between the gear teeth in the gear moving process, and cause noise and vibration.There is velocity jump in system after the gear shift, and is flexible poor.Have statistics to show: in the city of traffic complex, drive the driver of bus, repeat the gear shift action every day and reach unexpectedly thousands of times, this not only makes driver's labor intensity increase, and also greatly reduces the comfort level that the passenger takes.The coach luxury coach that has has been adorned fluid torque converter between motor and speed-changing gear box, but inefficient fluid torque converter can not substitute gear-box eventually fully, and above problem can not be resolved.The controlling method of this case is simple, flexible transition arbitrarily between the rotating speeds at different levels, and accomplish these, only need adjust each gear unit drive state, promptly to need do change gear unit 0,1 state is done an adjustment (carrying out the Synchronous Transmission ratio is 0 state, and carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio is 1 state) and just can be achieved the goal.

Common speed-change gear box, its cost is directly proportional with number of steps of speeds basically, so in actual applications, number of steps of speeds is very limited, the number of steps of speeds of machine tool generally is 12 grades, 18 grades, 24 grades etc., and general vehicle gearbox number of steps of speeds is about 6 grades, and the number of steps of speeds of engineering machinery is more, about in the of 10 grades, and be provided with what reversing drive ratio.The sinusoidal system's velocity ratio in the face of the top transmission system of circumference is the combination velocity ratio, is to be multiplied each other by some basic unit velocity ratio combinations to form, and the total progression N of velocity ratio is the exponential function of the gear unit number n of serial connection, N=2 ⁿ, such as, when 6 gear unit serial connections were arranged in the system, the number of combination velocity ratio was 2 ⁶, totally 64 grades; When 10 gear unit serial connections were arranged, transmission progression was 2 ¹⁰, totally 1024 grades.Its number of gear ratio steps is much larger than speed-change gear box.In addition, gear unit assembly table can provide various unit asynchronous velocity ratio.With the latter is example, and when sealing in 10 gear units in the system, total number of steps of speeds is 1024 grades, is the gear unit of another velocity ratio as one of them gear unit is changed, and just has 512 grades of rotating speeds and changes.Be 1024 grades of rotating speeds equally, 10 gear units asynchronous velocity ratio is separately selected different, and the assembly result will vary.Provide 130 kinds of unit velocity ratios in the above velocity ratio tabulation, therefrom selected 10 unit velocity ratios, possible combined number is exactly C ₁₃₀ ¹⁰, be a very large number, more system in combination velocity ratio provides broad selection space for assembly goes out for this.

To all kinds of lathes that transmission accuracy is had relatively high expectations, its rotating speeds at different levels constitute Geometric Sequence, make every effort to accomplish the rotating speed broad covered area.But it is very accurate that spindle speed can not be accomplished in the use, can only select a rotating speed that closes on mutually for use.Highly slightly or low slightly in the practical application do not do too many requirement,, can not satisfy the requirement of accurate production like this as long as the numerical value of standard ordered series of numbers does not differ too with actual speed and greatly just selected for use on the label to rotating speed.The method that the present invention adopts basic gear ratio sets to take advantage of obtains special velocity ratio, and the number of the basic gear unit that the participation group is taken advantage of is restriction not.Can be that 2 groups are taken advantage of, can be 3, even more.Because in the basic velocity ratio tabulation, the various kinds step-down ratio when that drives up is arranged.Can adopt a plurality of acceleration-decelerations-method of taking advantage of than company that drives up to obtain a very special combination velocity ratio, it is more versatile and flexible that this combining form is organized the right method of apolegamy group mutually than large and small gear in the speed-changing gear box.

Gear-driven bearing capacity depends primarily on the bearing capacity of the single gear teeth, the cabinet size of pinion unit depends on the number of teeth and modulus, a pair of gear is when engagement, general contact ratio is less than 2, for high-power transmission, except that put forth effort to strengthen the gear teeth intensity on manufacturing process, the modulus of gear is all obtained bigger, the modulus that has surpasses 35mm, and the number of teeth of general gear is all more than 17, so wheel footpath size is bigger.In addition, each the gear overwhelming majority in the gear-box is the outer gearing formula, takes up room so very much, and for complicated train, this defective is more outstanding.Advantage in this respect of the present invention is: transmission adopted tubular casing; The inside and outside drive plate of gear unit has identical spin axis, and push rod is distributed between two drive plates, and compact structure is saved the space.Because system's transmission capacity depends primarily on the surface quality of transmission curved surface, to push rod intensity, to factors such as the push rod numbers of phases, when load bearing requirements is increased, can by increase the push rod number of phases, widen the drive plate axial dimension, the method strengthened push rod etc. realizes, even also can adopt the method for polydisc and usefulness, increase bearing capacity, and these measures and not obvious increasing cabinet size.Can say like this: circumference can be decided by the size of transmission shaft basically to the size of top transmission system drive plate, transmission system even can be considered as the attachment component of transmission shaft.Therefore, system can obtain big bearing capacity with little cabinet size.

In the transmission process of each gear unit, when the push rod roller is positioned at drive plate crest or trough place, to active force between push rod roller and two driving faces is 0, outside this two particular point, to acting on the power that a rule changes between push rod and the drive plate, by circumference to the push rod stressing conditions as can be known: in transmission process to the top transmission system, (the particular point active force is 0 to be always certain value with the ratio of the tangential forces of master and slave two drive plates of a pair of push rod two ends pair of rollers, except), be numerically equal to the drive plate wave number and compare m ₁/ m ₂, and the rotating ratio of master and slave two dishes is inversely proportional to the wave number ratio, its value is m ₂/ m ₁, concerning with a pair of push rod, the instantaneous power of two drive plates is than equaling the product of instantaneous stressed ratio with the transient speed ratio, can push away by above known conditions: two dish instantaneous power ratios are 1: 1.Therefore, any one moment of transmission process has all been embodied constant output characteristic, and this has fully shown the stationarity and the harmony of system's transmission.In addition, as middle transmission component, the double vibrations of push rod is belonged to the sinusoidal motion rule, no velocity jump and rigid impulse are so the transmission process of system is coordinated very much.

The full depth tooth roller box does not have the overload protection ability, when load is excessive, driving component is damaged, and situations such as break of gear tooth, wearing and tearing, gummed occur, causes some unnecessary loss.Then there are not these problems in circumference to the top transmission system: in dragging the process of load operation, after the overload precursor information occurs, operating mechanism is action in time, change the gear unit of the big retarding ratio that is connected in series in the system over to asynchronous drive state by the Synchronous Transmission state rapidly, at this moment, the output speed of system will reduce automatically, and the output torque increases.After overload was eliminated, operating mechanism can change big retarding over to the Synchronous Transmission state than gear unit automatically again, to recover former rotating speed.Like this, can effectively protect transmission component, increase the service life.

Circumference is easy to realize standardization to the top transmission system: this transmission device has stronger versatility, because number of steps of speeds can expand to a lot of progression easily, the slewing range of a driver can be very big; In addition, under the situation of not obvious change cabinet size, the transmission power of driver also can have than the cataclysm scope, and therefore, driver can be useful under the various working condition.In addition, the transmission component of driver also very easily forms series: because the wave number of drive plate all is an integer, under a practical wave number restriction (such as wave number is limit below 15), the species number of drive plate is few.Facies pattern to push rod is more limited, and most only need choose 3,4,5 these three kinds, except for realizing heavy load transmission and the special velocity ratio of assembly, considers that just the high number of phases is to push rod and the use of wave number drive plate greatly.So, drive plate, to basic very easily seriation of transmission component such as push rod, standardization.

Circumference helps reducing manufacture cost to the top transmission, for gear train assembly, and its gear teeth manufacture cost height: need special-purpose cutting lathe; The blank bite is big; The processing technology complexity; Fine finishing cost height.Circumference is a drive plate to the basic transmission component of top transmission system, the profile of its working curved surface is the circumference sinusoidal line, curvature changing is comparatively mild, therefore be suitable for obtaining the drive plate blank with the method for precision casting, next, the drive plate working surface is after suitable correction of the flank shape and cure process, just can carry out last procedure: utilize numerical control machine tool to the pulled surface face finish grind, technology such as top gem of a girdle-pendant, polishing, when doing this procedure, can be on the splined shaft of long location with a plurality of identical drive plate strings, concentrate fine finishing, this can make manufacturing efficiency greatly improve.

Circumference has flexibility highly to the top design of Transmission System, and the limited mutual assembly of transmission disc can obtain multiple unit velocity ratio, and the combination between gear unit more can be combined into thousands of design proposal.For the full depth tooth roller box, producer produces a series products often, and the type of driver is comparatively single, and the user is passive is suitable for, and is the machinery of driver with circumference to the top transmission system, can do personalized design and production according to user's requirement.Producer requires table according to the rotating speed that the user formulates, and utilizes computer to organize and calculates design, fully according to customer requirements assembly driver.Even the user can directly utilize correspondent computer software, designs allocation plan.Assemble by producer.So each scheme can accomplish to manufacture and design in the face of a definite user.In addition, the user also can change the driver slewing range voluntarily.As: certain user's driver is formed by 7 gear unit series connection windings, and the progression of combined rotational speed is 2 ⁷, totally 128 grades, if one or more gear units in 7 gear units have been done replacement with the gear unit of other velocity ratio (referring to asynchronous velocity ratio), the driver output speed will partly or entirely change so, and certainly, the progression of combined rotational speed still is 128 grades.Thus, design of Transmission System, manufacturing, use all are personalization and hommization.

Below be to implement the best mode of the present invention:

Talk about from gear unit earlier,

1, in heavy load transmission, should adopt double plate and use pattern.

Circumference to the transport characteristics of top transmission system is: the half-turn acting.So-called half-turn transmission is no matter be meant wave number and to the number of phases of push rod, always there is a straight line of crossing core that dish is divided into the acting district and pushes up go back to the district, if using, single-deck transmits big torque, can cause the unbalance stress of axle, and use the identical drive plate of two covers, at axial apportion side by side; 180 degree that stagger on circumference, like this, two acting semicircle complementations just can make acting district covering whole circumference.The stressed asymmetric situation of transmission shaft just is greatly improved.Adopt double plate and use pattern, use two covers to push rod system, should adopt even number to the number of push rod, like this, two overlap push rod can shared one be overlapped the double flute widened to the push rod balladeur train, and this meeting is for bringing very big facility to the layout of push rod.(referring to Figure 22, Figure 23, Figure 27)

2, a surname adopts the push rod resilient mounting in the high speed transmission.

Circumference to the transport characteristics of top transmission system is: passive top is returned.So-called passive top is returned, and be meant acting finishes to driven disc push rod push up back by driven disc, and the wave number of driven disc is big more, and the drawback movement of push rod is just had some setbacks more, and the meeting in big retarding ratio especially high speed transmission of this problem is more outstanding.Here, a comparison effective solution increases resilient mounting exactly on to push rod, and like this, when driven disc was done work, the pressure spring stored energy after acting finishes, relied on the elastic force of spring just can return smoothly, no longer relies on driven disc to push up back to push rod.Such design helps increasing the reliability of transmission, the wearing and tearing between the reduction transmission component, reduces rate of fault.

3, use two outer disc-type gear units in actual applications.

The gear unit of mentioning in front all constitutes gear unit by an internal surface drive plate and outer surface drive plate and to push rod system.Gear unit for the various velocity ratios of assembly, the drive plate that needs the inside and outside surface of the various wave numbers of preparation, the problem that can run into is in actual applications: the processing cost of internal surface often is higher than outer surface, and its processing and assembly precision are also not as the easier assurance of outer surface.Therefore, in actual applications, can consider to adopt two outer surface drive plates to add the way that the reverse leverage of a cover constitutes gear unit.

The working principle of two outer dish gear units as shown in figure 44, main, (zero width of cloth circle radius is identical to select same class for use from drive plate, wave amplitude is identical) the outer surface drive plate, its wave number difference, but all satisfy wave number value formula m=bn ± 1, compare with interior-external form transmission process, different is: main, each overlaps identical push rod system is acted on one from drive plate, two covers connect each other by one group of lever reversing device push rod, the rotation of driving disc is converted into after grade to push rod system differs vibration, reverse through lever, change another set of grade into and differ vibration and drive the driven disc rotation push rod system.In addition, outer-external form gear unit also can be realized speed change transmission (as shown in figure 46) between the two-parallel axis by lever

Outward-transmission direction of external form gear unit is opposite with interior-external form: the wave number m of master and slave drive plate ₁And m ₂Count bn-1 or, be reversing drive, asynchronous velocity ratio i=-m with getting n left side class with getting the right class of n when counting bn+1 ₂/ m ₁, and work as m ₁And m ₂Get the foreign peoples when counting, be transmission in the same way, asynchronous velocity ratio is i=m ₂/ m ₁

Compare with interior-external form, outer-external form will be how with one group to push rod, also to be equipped with the lever reversing device, but advantage is tangible: this gear unit has been avoided use internal surface drive plate, not only the drive plate kind greatly reduces, and also can obviously reduce cost, improves the reliability of using.In addition, the also easier assurance of the assembly precision of gear unit.

The present invention is suitable for high-power most and the highi degree of accuracy transmission, is applicable to aspects such as heavy machinery, engineering machinery, locomotive and precision machine tool.Below will illustrate and realize best mode of the present invention by several practical examples:

1, is applied in the heavy equipments such as ten thousand tons of press machinees, large-scale shield machine, ship machinery.

Existing press machine as ton water hydraulic press, adopts water to transform original machine power as intermediate medium, and it is bulky, the equipment complexity.The cutter axis of large-scale shield machine because torque is big, adopts the liquid transmission more for another example, and mechanical efficiency is lower.

The concrete form that the present invention is used in the heavy machinery is: adopt the high number of phases to push rod and big wave number drive plate at clutch end, utilize the wave number of master and slave drive plate great disparity to go out the big retarding velocity ratio than (the driving disc wave number is got the right class several 1 of general-purpose) assembly, to obtain big torque, utilization is to the principle of push rod half-turn acting, obtain the multiple spot application of force, the transmission effect of scatteredload.

What Figure 48 provided is the plan view of ten thousand tons of press machinees of a mechanical type, and this machine constitutes the two-stage transmission system with 3 groups of high numbers of phases to the top gear unit, represents that with the transmission reel number gear unit is respectively A-a, B-b, D-d.Its principle is: the high rotating speed of prime mover is delivered to first transmission shaft 488 through transmission shaft 4810, clutch 489, after the deceleration of A-a gear unit one-level, power passes to second transmission shaft 485, second transmission shaft drives drive plate B and D again, after gear unit B-b, D-d that parallel connection is used carried out the one-level deceleration again, power finally passed on the pto 481.Output shaft drives and slowly runs as the eccentric shaft c that has the constant speed involute surface among Figure 49, and n presses down with press machine upper anvil iron piece, and produces pressure.

Concrete application process is as follows; When anvil iron block n under pto 481 drives, drive when workpiece do work by eccentric wheel c, push rod tray 482,486 locked be contained on the frame 483,487, can not rotate.When acting finishes, when needing anvil iron block n to return, transfer clutch 4810 to separated state by closure earlier, decontrol frame afterwards to locking to the push rod tray, like this, the anvil iron block n that runs out of steam can see that under the pulling of spring Figure 49 moves up.At this moment, all rotating elements can be under the effect of spring low speed and reverse synchronously together.When doing work by the time, need to lock again push rod tray 482,486 to be contained on the frame 483,487, closed again clutch 4810 can achieve the goal next time.

Below be an example: ten thousand tons of press machinees of certain type, adopt Figure 48, transmission device shown in Figure 49.In Figure 48, concerning push rod tray 482,486 for pto 481, second transmission shaft 485, frame 483,487 threes, because relative rotation speed is extremely low, so all adopt sliding bearing to cooperate.The gear unit of three 60 phases is used in the double reduction transmission in the system, gear unit B-b wherein, D-d be as the final stage driver, being double plate and using pattern of employing, use the acting semicircle of two gear units 180 degree that stagger with two identical gear units are in parallel.Corresponding drive plate wave number B=D, b=d.Gear unit A-a is contained in level at a high speed, uses the push rod resilient mounting.Because of being 60, so the drive plate wave number can only get 1,59,61 to the push rod number of phases.Here be the motor of the 3000rad/min machine that is used as power with rotating speed, the pressure that requires anvil iron to provide is 10,000 ton forces, promptly 9.8 * 10 ⁷N.Each drive plate wave number situation is: a=B=D=1, A=b=d=61, system's velocity ratio are 61 * 61=3721.Thus the output shaft rotating speed be 0.81rad/min, eccentric wheel (c) offset (indicating with h among Figure 49) is got 0.3m, calculates according to output shaft rotating speed and offset: the uniform descending speed of anvil iron (n) is 1.61cm/s.As calculated, anvil iron power is 1580KW.Consider the factor of mechanical efficiency, take the motor of 1600KW.Though motor power (output) is up to 1.6MW, because its rotating speed height is compared with the equal-wattage motor of 1500r/min and 750r/min, its volume is little, in light weight, takes advantage on price.In addition, stressed evenly is big characteristics of this driving mechanism: adopted 180 in the system to push rod, be contained in 60 three in the push rod balladeur train 485, what participate in the final stage transmission has 120 to push rod, principle according to the acting of gear unit half-turn, arbitrary moment should have 60 push rod is in state to pto acting, these 60 are distributed on the circumference push rod, 6 degree of on average whenever being separated by have one, and two power effect situations to push rod on place, the position drive plate diameter line are identical, therefore constituted 30 pairs of opplied moments altogether.The transmission component acting in conjunction of numerous big bearing capacitys, this makes the system can the powerful torque of more reliable output.

2, using is the transmission device of heavy tank or engineering machinery.Specifically can be used as main transmission device and wheel reductor, when the wheel reductor, adopt heterogeneously to the push rod transmission, its bearing capacity is huge.Driving disc is with single ripple circumference sinusoidal line, and the driven disc wave number is velocity ratio.Preferentially select the reversing drive ratio for use.

As Figure 45 is the transmission assembly for rear axle of an earthmover, adopt the high speed flat belt driving between motor and the back axle, a transmission shaft that rotating speed is higher is arranged in the back axle rotating shaft, what link to each other with flat rubber belting in the rotating shaft is a sinusoidal face transmission system of circumference by 5 gear unit series connection windings, can externally export forward and reverse totally 32 grades of rotating speeds, the transmission shaft two ends are respectively identical wheel reductors, two wave numbers are that 1 internal surface drive plate is connected on the transmission shaft two ends, each wheel reductor be 6 to the push rod number of phases, driven disc is that a wave number is 5 outer surface drive plate, this drive plate is connected with the gear wheel of traction crawler belt, and the asynchronous velocity ratio of wheel reductor is-5.This design helps the work of bulldozer, and when bulldozer moved ahead, resistance was big, and gait of march is low; Resistance is little when retreating, and requirement can be advanced fast.When bulldozer moved ahead at full capacity, wheel reductor was carried out asynchronous velocity ratio-5, transmission shaft and crawler belt switched in opposite, and after soil-shifting finished, two wheel reductors are locking simultaneously, carried out Synchronous Transmission than 1, and at this moment bulldozer will retreat to the speed that moves ahead with 5 times.This design is suitable for turning to of crawler type traveling machine most, referring to Figure 45, in the time of in vehicle is moving ahead process, will turning left, can be with the wheel reductor in left side by asynchronous drive state to the Synchronous Transmission state-transition, in this process, the rotating speed of left track reduces gradually, rotates round about then.The turn inside diameter radius depends on that the curve inner side wheel reductor is by the asynchronous speed degree that changes to sync state.For the long radius bend, the crawler belt rotating speed of the side of only need turning is done slightly to slow down and is got final product, and need not reverse.In addition, because the transmission shaft two ends are fixed in the existence of acting semicircle, drive two driving discs of left and right two crawler belts, on circumference, 180 degree that should stagger can make transmission shaft all do work at circumference 360 degree like this, and it is stressed will be more harmonious.

3, locomotive transmission device.

Locomotive produces tractive force by the torque of wheel, and the Ideal Traction characteristic of locomotive slightly is hyperbolic relation, and tractive force and speed are inversely proportional to, and during train starting, required tractive force is maximum, and along with the raising of locomotive speed, tractive force can lower.But prime mover commonly used, but this specific character with locomotive is opposite fully to comprise torque one rotary speed property of diesel engine, motor, and big torque is exported in prime mover inconvenience under the slow-speed of revolution, and in addition, motor only runs on and just has higher efficient under the high rotating speed.

In the locomotive transmission device of reality, nearly all keep away the transmission of not tooth punching wheel, the final stage of electric locomotive adopts gear reduction, hydraudynamic drive is the most commonly used in the locomotive transmission, because the efficient of different torque converters only just reaches maximum value under optimum condition, so normal several torque converters and the mechanical transmission of adopting of locomotive is used in combination, the cube of the ability of hydrodynamic unit transmitted power and pump impeller rotating speed is proportional, therefore in the locomotive of hydraudynamic drive, also need establish accelerating unit in addition.In addition, transmission efficiency is low is the most outstanding big defective of hydraulic drive locomotive.

Can obtain high transmission efficiency with mechanical transmission as the locomotive main transmission.But this class locomotive is very limited in the application of reality, and locomotive power generally is no more than 400KW.This be because: utilize many shifting gears case to make main transmission, diesel engine is determined under the gear one, its rotating speed is proportional to locomotive wheel to rotating speed, and the power of diesel engine is proportional to speed of crankshaft, therefore diesel engine can not have been given play to the potentiality of power own, in this case, locomotive tractive effort curve is stepped shaft, the corresponding ladder of each stage gear ratio, for pursuing the good power utilization of diesel engine, require gear-box that more multi-speed exchanged progression is arranged in theory, and the gear that in fact is applied in the locomotive upper gear box have only the 4-5 level, the increasing of transmission progression that be effects limit such as price.In addition, high-power main clutch is too expensive, also is a bottleneck problem on realizing.

Below with example explanation circumference to the application of top transmission in the locomotive transmission, here to 4 gear units of top transmission adopted series connection winding, 16 grades of rotating speeds are arranged, comprising 1 grade of synchronous speed, prime mover adopts the synchronous motor of rated speed 3000rad/min, power supply mode is power supply or the truck diesel alternator group power supply of touching net, locomotive wheel directly adopts electric locomotive wheel footpath to be worth 1250mm, locomotive retreats and utilizes the motor counter-rotating to achieve the goal, the motor counter-rotating can provide 16 grades of reverse speeds.Therefore the forward and reverse pulling figure of locomotive is identical.From motor to the wheel to the torsion plate number, here establish 4 gear units the value of asynchronous velocity ratio be respectively A, B, C, D, these numerical value are all taken from circumference to the basic velocity ratio tabulation of transmission system, and following table has provided the assembly situation of 3 groups of gear units, indicates with I, II, III respectively.ABCD represents that 4 gear units all carry out the Synchronous Transmission ratio in the table.

	? ABCD	?A	??B	??C	??D	??AB	??AC	??AD	??BC	??BD	??CD	??ABC	??ABD	??ACD	??BCD	??ABCD
																	??I	???1	?4	??5	??6	??9	??20	??24	??36	??30	??45	??54	??120	??180	??216	??270	??1080
??II	???1	?2.5	??4	??6	??9	??10	??15	??22.5	??24	??36	??54	??60	??90	??135	??216	??540
																	??III	???1	?1.8	??3.5	??5	??10	??6.3	??9	??18	??17.5	??35	??50	??31.5	??63	??90	??175	??315

Below 3 groups of forms be according to locomotive wheel footpath and motor speed, and go up the combination velocity ratio in the table, under the above-mentioned 3 kinds of situations that draw as calculated, the motion speed table of locomotive, i is the combination velocity ratio in the form, v is a locomotive running speed, its unit be km/hour." 0,1 " code of 4 word lengths of every group first row has reflected from the motor number, the drive state of 4 gear units, and on behalf of this gear unit, " 0 " carry out the Synchronous Transmission ratio, and asynchronous velocity ratio is carried out in " 1 " representative.Meaning as " 0101 " is: 1st, 3 gear units are carried out the Synchronous Transmission ratio, and the 2nd, 4 gear units are carried out asynchronous velocity ratio.Every step velocity correspondence definite " 0, a 1 " code.Arrange in proper order from small to large by speed in the form.

The I group

Code	1111	?0111	?1011	?1101	?1110	0011	0101	0110	1001	1010	1100	?0001	?0010	?0100	?1000	?0000
																	?i	1080	?270	?216	?180	?120	?54	?45	?36	?30	?24	?20	?9	?6	?5	?4	?1
?V	0.7	?2.6	?3.3	?3.9	?5.9	?13	?16	?20	?24	?30	?36	?79	?118	?141	?177	?707

The II group

Code	?1111	?0111	?1011	?1101	?1110	?0011	?0101	?0110	1001	??1010	??1100	??0001	??0010	??0100	?1000	??0000
																	??i	?540	?216	?135	?90	?60	?54	?36	?24	22.5	??15	??10	??9	??6	??4	?2.5	??1
??V	?1.3	?3.3	?5.2	?7.9	?12	?13	?20	?30	31	??47	??71	??79	??118	??177	?283	??707

The III group

Code	?1111	??0111	??1011	??1101	??0011	??0101	??1110	??1001	??0110	??0001	??1010	??1100	??0010	?0100	??1000	??0000
																	????i	?315	??175	??90	??63	??50	??35	??31.5	??18	??17.5	??10	??9	??6.3	??5	?3.5	??1.8	??1
????V	?2.2	??4	??7.9	??11	??14	??20	??22	??39	??40	??71	??79	??112	??141	?202	??393	??707

Above three groups of tachometers are analyzed: the I group, low-speed performance is good, and the minimum speed value is low.Below rotating speed 36Km/h, rotating speed distributes more even, and progression is more, reach 11 grades, but on this rotating speed, rotating speed spacings at different levels are bigger, especially between the 36-79Km/h, having produced gap is the speed " vacuum " of 43Km/h, and this is the deficiency of this design proposal.II group improves to some extent than the deficiency of scheme I, and rotating speed distributes comparatively even, and deficiency is: speed 12Km/h, 13Km/h and 30Km/h, 31Km/h do not have space out, cause the waste of combined rotational speed progression.Scheme II has just done replacement with 1 in 4 gear units than scheme I, but therefore causes 8 grades of rotating speeds that variation has taken place.III group rotating speed distributes comparatively even: following 3 grades of 10Km/h, the 10-20Km/h3 level, the 20-40Km/h3 level, the 40-80Km/h3 level, also take into account level at a high speed simultaneously, three grades of practical speed of 112Km/h, 141Km/h and 202Km/h are arranged, and concerning requiring the equally distributed common locomotive of rotating speed, are relative more excellent design proposals.Certainly, various design proposals are thousands of up to a hundred, utilize computer to organize calculation, preferred according to actual conditions.

4, the main transmission of lathe and feed drive gearing.

Feature: be divided into main transmission device and feed movement driver.(referring to Figure 54,56) main transmission device adopts 3 drivers, is respectively: spindle device, Left Drive device, right driver.Wherein, have 6 grades of gear unit series connection windings to form in the spindle device, left and right gear unit inside respectively has 12 grades of gear unit series connection windings to form.These 3 drivers drive with a synchronous motor with band is continuous synchronously, and drive path is: motor-right driver-Left Drive device-spindle device.Moving device.Therefore, always have 30 gear unit series connection windings in the system and form, total combination transmission progression is 2 ³⁰, have 1073741824 grades of rotating speeds.If in above-mentioned 30 gear units, the asynchronous velocity ratio that the part gear unit is arranged is the reversing drive ratio, its asynchronous velocity ratio is a negative value, also should there be some grades of reverse speeds to be included in wherein in so top 1073741824 grades of combined rotational speed, if reverse by means of motor, also speed range can be enlarged 2 times again, be equivalent to 2147483648 grades of rotating speeds, for example, the rotating speed 101.55 and 101.65 that two-stage neighboring is arranged in the system, and 101.60 not existing in the forward rotational speed table of user's actual demand may have-101.60 in the reverse speed table, and at this moment the way that counter-rotating adds the reversing drive ratio with regard to useable electric moter obtains rotating speed 101.60.We tabulate by the observation unit velocity ratio, can find that forward and reverse unit is moving than numerically symmetrical fully situation seldom, and this combination velocity ratio for the more multistage number of assembly that reverses by motor provides very big convenience.These 2147483648 grades of rotating speeds are by computer management, and every grade of rotating speed correspondence " 0,1 " code of 31 word lengths, the operating condition of the 1st bit representation motor wherein, and " 1 " expression is just changeed, " 0 " expression counter-rotating.Machine tool transmission system is by the computer management tachometer, can realize fast slewing between any two-stage rotating speed by " 0, the 1 " state that changes each gear unit transmission.Computer provides tachometer according to user's needs, import 101rad/min as the user, computer just may provide the hundreds of level rotating speed of being correlated with, as 101.1234,101.4321 ... and the request user limits rotary speed precision, further to dwindle search area, if the user is less demanding to rotary speed precision, think that above rotating speed is all available, this just need carry out according to the index that is discord of every grade of rotating speed preferably, certainly, under the situation of user's acquiescence, computer will select one-level to be discord the minimum combined rotational speed of index as the main shaft output speed from this hundreds of level rotating speed automatically, here there is a kind of like this possibility, two-stage or multistage combined rotational speed numerically may be very close, but the index phase of being discord missionary society is very big, such as, the combined rotational speed that two-stage is close, 2-3 gear unit carried out asynchronous velocity ratio in the former the need system, and the latter may need 7-8 gear unit even more gear unit to carry out asynchronous velocity ratio, the latter's the index that is discord may be higher than the former, this is because have only the gear unit of carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio, just the index that is discord to the combination velocity ratio has addition, and this is not unique possibility: though that the former carries out the gear unit of asynchronous velocity ratio is few, and the index height if itself is discord, be used in level at a high speed again, the index that is discord of combined rotational speed is also not necessarily little.Therefore, between close rotating speed, the low combination velocity ratio of index should first-selected be discord.In addition, under computer control, switch fast between the multistage close rotating speed, can also simulate and realize infinite variable speed work effect.

Above-mentioned main transmission system of machine tool is by spindle device (6 grades), Left Drive device (12 grades) is with (referring to the Figure 55) that is connected with motor with right driver (12 grades) synchronously by 3, in order to reduce band rotating speed synchronously as far as possible, reduce synchronous on-load, should be with on big speed ratio gear unit (comprising big retarding ratio and big speed increasing ratio) the spindle device (6 grades).

The feed movement driver of this lathe has 12 gear unit series connection windings, drives with another synchronous motor, and the progression of feed movement always has 2 ¹²Level has 4096 grades, because the rate request of feed movement is lower, use the gear unit of big retarding velocity ratio in the gear unit, so rotating speed focuses mostly in slow-speed of revolution district.

Best implementation is to introduce computer.Computer mainly contains the application of the following aspects:

1, the transmission system gear ratio sets sets meter

Circumference is relevant to the number of the gear unit that seals in the progression of top transmission system combined rotational speed and the system, and when the number of gear unit was increased to certain value, the number of combination velocity ratio was with considerable.Secondly, the span of basic velocity ratio is wide; Once more, between the velocity ratio of each gear unit, and the index that is discord of taking advantage of the branch that quality is arranged between the combination velocity ratio that forms in addition, the quality of velocity ratio to use the index that is discord to be distinguished, make up velocity ratio by a plurality of gear unit gear ratio sets needs calculate according to the combined situation of drive plate.So, in system design, exist a large amount of group calculate and relatively, preferred mathematical operation problem, adopt computer can be rapidly, obtain a result accurately.

2, system controls in real time

Each grade combined rotational speed correspondence definite " 0, a 1 " code, and the word length of this code equals the number of gear unit in the transmission system.For single gear unit, control system is carried out the Synchronous Transmission ratio to its " 0 " instruction, send out " 1 " instruction and then carry out asynchronous velocity ratio, control to the gear unit drive state, also be the switching of " 0 ", one state, finally realize with the way that changes control electromagnet current direction.So, use control computer can accomplish automatic speed changing: when the user selectes the one-level rotating speed from tachometer after, control computer can be found out this appointment rotating speed pairing " 0,1 " code rapidly, and corresponding circuit structure adjusted, send " affirmation " signal the user after, to control circuit energising, each gear unit enters velocity ratio simultaneously and adjusts state, and finishes the gear-change operation of self " 0,1 " gear in the time of appointment.Like this, no matter total what of the transmission progression of system always can be realized the switching between any two-stage rotating speed fast.In addition, the control computer of transmission system also can link mutually with the programmable controller of work mechanism, finishes complicated speed change task by computer program.

3, intelligent power coupling:

Internal-combustion engine is a kind of very prime mover of seeing more, and the application on various vehicles is particularly extensive.The rotating speed of internal-combustion engine can be regulated.In actual applications, can satisfy the work mechanism speed change request by the mode of regulating throttle, but this speed governing and uneconomical, and speed adjustable range is narrow, so need realize the more speed change request of wide range in conjunction with transmission device.Transmission device commonly used has fluid driver and mechanical driver, and the fluid driver has superior control performance, but efficient is low.The application of speed-changing gear box is comparatively extensive, under each gear, by the throttle speed governing, the gear shift that the driver need not stop, regulate throttle in succession, because resistance changes, as road conditions, the gradient, windage etc., so automobile keeps one to determine what the required power of speed neither be fixed under a certain gear, this just requires the gear shift that the driver do not stop and regulates throttle to keep normal motion speed, and the operating condition that can the coupling of engine speed and Transmission gear make motor run on an economy is not taken into account.And in fact, the number of steps of speeds of automobile main-gear box is very limited, under a definite speed change gear, motor need be according to the change passive adaptation Transmission gear of actual load, when Transmission gear was taken not at that time, will make the output power of motor exceed bearing power, cause power dissipation, increase oil consumption.In other words, engine speed n ₁(corresponding power is P ₁) and gear I coupling, and rotation speed n ₂(power is P ₂) and gear II coupling, both of these case can both effect same satisfies the requirement of driver to scanning frequency, but P ₁And P ₂Value just may exist height not.Usually, internal-combustion engine has an economic speed, under this rotating speed, the thermal efficiency of motor is than higher, but actual conditions are, the rotating speed and the power of internal-combustion engine are proportional, when the load power demand hour, can not only increase meaningless oil consumption, whether need at this moment should consider motor to depart from economic speed for looking after engine efficiency.Should be that not reduce the oil consumption of power (operating under the economic speed) big from the comparative unit time on the numerical value, the oil consumption that still reduces the thermal efficiency (departing from economic speed) be big.Here the rotating speed of supposing motor is n, the resistance sum of vehicle in traveling process is f, the vehicle gait of march is V, transmission ratio is i, here hypothesis is thought in above 4 amounts, the resistance f of vehicle is a randomly changing, and uncontrollable amount is guaranteeing under the situation that fluctuating does not appear in gait of march v.Require the engine power utilization ratio the highest.Here allow two amounts of change to be: engine speed n and transmission ratio i, here, the power of establishing motor is P, the negative work power of vehicle drag is P ₁, under desirable power utilization situation, the power of motor should be used to overcome car resistance acting, i.e. P and P fully ₁Be tending towards equal, and actual situation is: engine power P is always greater than the resistance power P ₁, i.e. P/P ₁Value greater than 1.P=K ₁N (1), P ₁=fv (2), v=K ₂N/i (3), more than three formulas, k ₁, K ₂Be proportionality constant,, ask the ratio of (1) (2) again with (3) substitution (2), get P/P ₁=K ₁I/K ₂F (4) by following formula as seen, for pursuing the higher utilization ratio of stable running state and engine power, makes P/P ₁Be tending towards 1, velocity ratio should the proportional change with the conversion of driving resistance.Because the determinant factor of car resistance f is many, depend on many aspects such as travelling speed that the driver requires, the gradient, windage, surface resistance, engine power also changes with the variation of above-mentioned condition in good time, according to (4) formula, require transmission device the ability of more permanent power speed change gear and fast slewing to be arranged to adapt to the conversion of engine power P.Circumference can well satisfy above-mentioned requirements to the top transmission system, and driver can obtain multistage rotating speed with the combination of seldom several gear units, with the control of " 0,1 " code, can switch fast between each rotating speed.In actual applications, the driver is as the instruction publisher, only want " speed " to system, engine throttle and Transmission gear are transferred by computer order and are controlled, computer is according to driver's order and actual road conditions, at any time adjust throttle and give " 0,1 " code of output and speed change gear, and between these two Variable quantitys, coordinate mutually, reach the flexibility of not only pursuit system operation but also guarantee that engine output has good utilization ratio.

Example: certain type coach luxury coach, adopt 8 gear unit series connection windings to form, comprise the Synchronous Transmission ratio, have 256 grades of combination velocity ratios, in 8 gear units, adopt a reverse big retarding to compare gear unit, 128 grades of forward rotational speed are arranged in fact, other 128 grades of reverse slow-speed of revolution are used for reversing, computer system is according to the numerical information of driver's scanning frequency instruction and the digital quantity of traffic information that monitoring system provides (resistance information), according to relevant mathematic formula, search the best of breed of throttle amount and speed change gear, and provide the two digital control information separately according to calculated value.In should use-case, be that the circumference of electronic computer and multistage number provides the realization that is applied as real-time intelligent power coupling of top transmission system may.

It may be noted that the above sinusoidal transmission system of facing the top gear unit and forming thus of a kind of circumference of having described, wherein the profile of drive plate working surface is the circumference sinusoidal line.Yet, it is contemplated that periodically curve also can be as the profile of drive plate working surface for other.Therefore, the various circumference that meet the aforementioned principle of the invention periodically curved surfaces to the top gear unit and thus the transmission system of composition be also contained in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a circumference periodicity curved surface is to the top gear unit, it is by the active drive plate, from nutating disk with accordingly push rod system is formed, drive plate and be respectively a cam disk with working surface initiatively wherein from nutating disk, and can rotate around respective central axes, the profile of described working surface is the circumference periodicity curve of sealing; System is used for the rotation of active drive plate is passed to from nutating disk to push rod, and comprise a plurality of be used for the active drive plate and from transmitting movement between the nutating disk to push rod, each is a shaft-like part that can radially move back and forth along drive plate to push rod, described the top gear unit is utilized cam disk and is basic driving component translational movement, transferring power to push rod.

2. gear unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described circumference periodically curve is the circumference sinusoidal line, and the parametric equation of circumference sinusoidal line is:

In the formula, θ is an angle parameter, and R is zero width of cloth circle radius, and m is the sinusoidal wave wave number of circumference.

3. gear unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described active drive plate and from nutating disk one are the internal surface drive plate, another is the outer surface drive plate, described push rod radially is arranged on initiatively drive plate and between the nutating disk, respectively there is a live roller at each two ends to push rod, and each roller rolls with a corresponding described working surface respectively and contacts.

4. gear unit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, each to push rod respectively one accordingly to the push rod balladeur train in to-and-fro motion, a plurality of the push rod balladeur train is being arranged the first-class radian of push rod tray, to the gear selecting dish is housed on the push rod tray, under the effect of gear selecting dish, the push rod tray can be rotated synchronously with the drive plate of place gear unit, also can keep not changeing.

5. gear unit as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, gear unit constitutes a two speed transmission, can select to carry out asynchronous velocity ratio or Synchronous Transmission ratio; Gear unit does not change the push rod tray when carrying out asynchronous velocity ratio, driving disc by with effect to push rod one end roller, the grade that rotation is converted into to push rod system differs vibration earlier; Driven disc is driven push rod the other end roller, and the grade to push rod system is differed the rotation that vibration is converted into driven disc again; Master and slave drive plate utilizes the difference of drive plate wave number to be intermediary element transmitting movement and power to push rod, realizes the speed change transmission between master and slave drive plate; Gear unit carry out Synchronous Transmission than the time, the effect of gear selecting dish makes it to rotate synchronously with master and slave drive plate to the push rod tray, gear unit plays coupling in the case, can not realize differential between master and slave drive plate.

6. gear unit as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, system also comprises the dynamic resistance ring to push rod, described the push rod balladeur train is fixed on the push rod tray, and, push rod is contained in the chute of tackling the push rod balladeur train mutually, and can be reciprocating therein in the circumferential equal angles distribution of tray; The gear selecting dish is installed on the tray by spline, and can move axially at tray, two friction surfaces are arranged on the gear selecting dish, and one and dynamic resistance ring cooperate, and the respective face on another and the coupling shaft cooperates, the gear selecting dish is under the acting in conjunction of spring and dynamic resistance ring, can occupy two fixed positions, under the effect of gear selecting dish, rotate synchronously to push rod system or with coupling shaft, or synchronous with the dynamic resistance ring, keep not changeing.

7. gear unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wave number of drive plate circumference periodicity curve is complied with the number of phases of push rod is got, after wave number meets the value rule, the rotation of drive plate and to push rod etc. differ vibration and can transform mutually, following formula is satisfied in choosing of wave number: m=bn ± 1, and wherein m is the wave number of described drive plate, and gets positive integer; N is the number of phases to push rod, and is the positive integer greater than 2; B is an arbitrary integer.

8. a circumference periodicity curved surface is to the top transmission system, it is formed by a plurality of gear unit series connection windings as claimed in claim 1, and under the effect of control piece the external multistage rotating speed of output, transmission system is in transmission process, all gear units all participate in transmission, can freely select to carry out asynchronous velocity ratio and Synchronous Transmission ratio between each gear unit independently.

9. transmission system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, transmission system can realize the flexibility switching between different rotating speeds in dragging the process of load operation, under the control of computer program, transmission system can be switched between a plurality of close velocity ratios fast, to simulate infinite variable speed transmission effect.

10. transmission system as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that, the real-time control of transmission system adopts area of computer aided to carry out, all gear units all participate in transmission in the transmission system, gear unit is carried out asynchronous velocity ratio and is expressed as " 1 ", at this moment, under the computer control circuit effect, solenoid directional control valve is in " 1 " position, high-voltage oil liquid charges into oil cylinder, before drive plunger pushed away the dynamic resistance ring, the dynamic resistance ring promoted the gear selecting dish, in making the synchronous process that combines of gear selecting disk detachment and coupling shaft, another rubbing surface of dynamic resistance ring engages with corresponding rubbing surface on the gear selecting dish, and to the braking of gear selecting dish, make the push rod tray is kept not changeing, this moment is main, from between the dish of transmission, there is speed discrepancy; Gear unit is carried out Synchronous Transmission then than being expressed as " 0 ", at this moment position, solenoid directional control valve place " 0 ", the oil cylinder draining, the dynamic resistance ring retreats and breaks away from the gear selecting dish, under spring action, the rubbing surface of gear selecting dish combines with corresponding rubbing surface on the coupling shaft, makes push rod tray and master and slave drive plate are rotated synchronously; Each of transmission system grade combination velocity ratio equals " 0,1 " coded representation of gear unit number in the transmission system with one group of word length, code has reflected the drive state of each gear unit in proper order, computer is with this " 0,1 " code administration and adjust control circuit, realizes the real-time control to transmission system.

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