CN1616973A - Light control electronic switch type automatic function selecting universal meter - Google Patents
Light control electronic switch type automatic function selecting universal meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1616973A CN1616973A CN 200310112175 CN200310112175A CN1616973A CN 1616973 A CN1616973 A CN 1616973A CN 200310112175 CN200310112175 CN 200310112175 CN 200310112175 A CN200310112175 A CN 200310112175A CN 1616973 A CN1616973 A CN 1616973A
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Abstract
The novel universal meter has light controlled semiconductor switches, which is matched with judging circuits and A/D converter of automatic range to realize the automatic selection of measurement functions and measuring ranges. The universal meter includes selecting switch, control circuit, circuit and peripheral devices for automatic measuring range selection, display, inner program and microprocessor. It features that at least one light controlled switch is used in the detection input for the switching between different measurement functions. Compared with available technology, the present invention replaces light controlled electronic switch for mechanical switch to highly isolate the control circuit from the measurement circuit and has the features of no interference between the control circuit from the measurement circuit, fast switch speed, long service life and high safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital multimeter of novelty, control semiconductor switch by making to use up, the analogue-to-digital converters that cooperate some judging circuits and automatic range have been realized selecting measurement function and the digital multimeter of measuring range automatically according to measuring object.
Background technology
Existing digital multimeter is normally used the rotary or button functional select switch of machinery, and cause user oneself differentiates and the selection measurement function.Be DC voltage, alternating voltage or resistance or DC current, alternating current etc. for example according to measurand, make rotary switch turn to function corresponding and measure gear, produce some electric connections by metal contact, form certain DC voltage, alternating voltage or resistance or the metering circuit of electric current.The digital multimeter of automatic range is behind selected a kind of measurement function, can select suitable range automatically by the various combination of internal electron switch according to the size of measurand, therefore it can only finish the measurement of different big or small tested values (for example DC voltage) with a gear behind selected a kind of measurement function (for example DC voltage); For the multimeter of hand range, need several gears to come the measurement of corresponding different big or small tested values (for example DC voltage) to finish the measurement of the whole measurement range of a certain measurement function.They can not select measurement function automatically.
Had and on the basis of automatic range digital multimeter, increased the design of selecting measurement function automatically.But because employed switch is with general electronic switch or relay, because problem on the performance or the problem on the life-span, the product of making there is no great practical value.
Task of the present invention is that a kind of new Digital multimeter will be provided, it can according to measured to as if DC voltage, alternating voltage still be resistance or ac and dc current, select measurement function automatically, and possess the characteristics of automatic range.And it can reach the same technical feature of other digital multimeter fully, for example accuracy of measurement, input impedance etc., and possess better security.Under the simplest situation, only need a power switch to finish the Push And Release of this multimeter, to the full-automatic differentiation of measuring of DC voltage, alternating voltage or resistance or ac and dc current with finish.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is finished as follows: the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness of the present invention, comprise light-controlled electronic selector switch, control circuit, finish the required circuit part of automatic range multimeter work and peripheral components, display, internal processes and microprocessor, detect input and use a light-controlled electronic switch that is used to realize the different required conversion of measurement function at least.
Light-controlled electronic switch of the present invention is by electrified light emitting, and luminescent device that outage is extinguished and photosensitive electronic switching device are formed.The light-controlled electronic switch can use photosensitive semiconductor device as switching device; By light emitting diode or other electro-optical device as controllable light source, the Push And Release of control photosensitive semiconductor device.Described photosensitive semiconductor device can be to use the combination of photoelectric cell and general semiconductor switching device to constitute, and employed semiconductor switch device requires high voltage withstanding, little resistance when low electric leakage and conducting during shutoff.At present the most suitable is the VMOS transistor.
The present invention also can be used to realize the needed circuit conversion of different measurement functions detecting four light-controlled electronic switches of input use, and connects K1, K2, K3, the K4 end of DIGITEK-3 microprocessor respectively.The DIGITEK-3 microprocessor, the threshold value of resolution voltage measurement and current measurement function when selecting measurement function automatically.The DIGITEK-3 microprocessor carries out the response speed of continuous measurement function scanning to accelerate to differentiate to adding measured amount when input end is opened a way.When measuring high resistance measurement or open circuit, can automatic cutout switch S 2 connect S4, form measuring circuit different when measurement is than low resistance resistance usually, become the circuit of a high input impedance.By increasing a selection key, can enter or withdraw from automatic selection measurement function, transfer to by once changing the one-shot measurement function, these measurement functions can comprise the content that automatic selection measurement function can't be differentiated automatically, as frequency, and electric capacity, diode, measurements such as break-make.Can increase data and keep, maximal value, additional functions such as minimum value demonstration and RS232 communication function.
The present invention compared with prior art replaces the prior mechanical switch to finish the function that is switched on or switched off with the electronic switch of photocontrol; According to the feature of the measurand of multimeter, differentiate measured to as if DC voltage, alternating voltage still be resistance or electric current, control the break-make of respective electronic switch then, make the suitable metering circuit of multimeter formation, finish required measurement.These can be by the installation of inside the microprocessor of proper procedure assist and carry out.The electronic switch of photocontrol is by electrified light emitting, and luminescent device (for example light emitting diode) that outage is extinguished and photosensitive electronic switching device are formed.The electronic switch of use photocontrol can be realized the high degree of isolation between control circuit and the metering circuit, avoids both to influence each other, and switching speed is fast, and the life-span is long, and better security also is provided.And if necessary, can only select more measurement function by a button.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the basic circuit diagram of light-controlled electronic switch of the present invention.
Fig. 3 increases a function selecting key, realizes only selecting with a key schematic diagram of the digital multimeter of measurement function.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that increases subsidiary function options button digital multimeter.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples: in Fig. 1, comprised the light-controlled electronic switch, display and the circuit part of representing with IC1, reach the input terminal that the part peripheral components that principle of work is required is described and imports tested unknown quantity.The inside of square frame IC1 among Fig. 1 has comprised following funtion part: can finish the funtion part that the multimeter automatic range is measured for one; Differentiate measuredly to similarly being DC voltage, alternating voltage still is the judging circuit of resistance or electric current; And the driving circuit of circuit of display driving and light-controlled electronic switch and the microprocessor of proper procedure has been installed.They can be made up of several circuit, also can be integrated in the integrated circuit.
When measuring voltage and resistance, measurand is connected between " V/OHM " and " COM " two input terminals of digital multimeter; When measuring electric current, tested electric current is connected between " A " and " COM " two input terminals of digital multimeter, produces the voltage drop corresponding with tested size of current on shunt R10.Perhaps this signal comes from the sensor of binding clip under the situation of pincerlike multimeter.
The principle of light-controlled electronic switch is described as follows: with reference to Fig. 2, use photosensitive semiconductor device S as switching device; By light emitting diode D or other electro-optical device as controllable light source, the Push And Release (conducting and disconnection) of control photosensitive semiconductor device S; By whether luminescent device is switched on, form a switch, and realize the isolation between control signal and the switching device by the incompatible control of optocoupler.Photosensitive semiconductor device S also can be to use the combination of photoelectric cell and general semiconductor switching device to constitute.Employed semiconductor switch device requires high voltage withstanding, little resistance when low electric leakage and conducting during shutoff, and the semiconductor switch device that at present the most suitable the present invention uses is the VMOS transistor.4 groups of light-controlled electronic switches have been used among Fig. 1, i.e. D1-S1, D2-S2, D3-S3, D4-S4.
Automatically select measurement function, what at first want to import between " V/OHM " and " COM " two input terminals of discriminating digit multimeter is voltage or resistance.Be to possess two kinds of method of discrimination simultaneously in the present invention: the numeral with the simulation, to reach better effect.
Numerical approach is when utilizing automatic range digital multimeter measuring resistance, and the maximum voltage that occurs between " V/OHM " and " COM " of multimeter two input terminals is no more than+0.45V, the characteristics of negative voltage also can not occur.For example can be decided to be the threshold value of DC voltage+0.5V and-0.1V.In measuring process constantly the magnitude of voltage that occurs between these two input terminals that measure, compare with the data value that is stored in the inner memory, when the voltage that detects above threshold value, enter the voltage measurement state automatically, otherwise just enter the resistance measurement state.Can stipulate that also several different threshold values are stored in the inner memory, the user selects different threshold values by the selection to the control end of circuit.When detecting the voltage that surpasses selected threshold value, enter the voltage measurement state automatically, otherwise just enter the resistance measurement state.Can stipulate different threshold values to direct current with exchanging, for example regulation judges that the threshold value of DC voltage is 0.5V, and the threshold value of alternating voltage is 3V etc.
For the big voltage that adds suddenly, when being higher than the multimeter internal power source voltage, can be by resistance measurement line influence to the variation of builtin voltage, when variation reaches certain degree, can be come out by internal circuitry senses entry, change the voltage measurement state automatically over to.This is a simulation mode relatively.
When the digital multimeter of making according to this invention is measured, whether threshold voltage above design code is arranged between will " V/OHM " and " COM " two input terminals according to digital multimeter, whether detect the variation that the voltage that adds causes with internal circuit, determine whether forwarding the voltage measurement state to by the resistance measurement state.
When entering the voltage measurement state, will be DC voltage or alternating voltage by the state-detection of AC/DC changeover switch being judged tested, when measuring, whether to carry out the ac/dc conversion with decision.
When between " V/OHM " and " COM " of digital multimeter two input terminals, not detecting the magnitude of voltage above the threshold voltage of design code, enter the resistance measurement state.If the resistance value that records just is in the resistance measurement state within the maximum measurement range of digital multimeter.If the resistance value that records exceeds the maximum measuring resistance scope of digital multimeter, just enter into the functionality scan state simultaneously at the symbol that shows an expression outrange.
The functionality scan state is meant constantly by the various combination of light-controlled electronic switch and the various combination of IC1 internal electron switch, during the exploratory measurement of multimeter is in " measuring voltage → measuring resistance → measurements electric current → measuring voltage ... " function circulates.When entering into " measuring electric current " functional status, whether the magnitude of voltage that will detect input end " A " surpasses the threshold value (this threshold value is different with the threshold value of DC voltage and alternating voltage) of design code, if the magnitude of voltage that detects input end " A " surpasses the threshold value of design code, then enter the current measurement state.And the same safe condition when at this moment the light-controlled electronic switch will rest on voltage measurement.If the multimeter of made does not need current measurement function, can cancel input terminal " A ".
The functionality scan state makes multimeter can accelerate differentiation response speed to input signal.
Be described in the break-make situation of light-controlled electronic switch under the different measuring state below:
At the voltage measurement functional status, the output of the K1 of IC1 makes light emitting diode D1 conducting luminous, and the light of D1 makes 1 conducting of light-controlled electronic switch S, make the common port of precision resistance R4-R8 be connected to COM ().And other three light-controlled electronic switch S 2, S3, S4, since K2, K3, and the output of K4 does not make joining light emitting diode conducting luminous, all is in off-state.When measuring, the tested voltage of importing between " V/OHM " and " COM " two input terminals by digital multimeter is added to the input end of IC1 inside auto range circuit through temperature-sensitive protective resistance R2 and precision resistance R3.And be connected to the common port of the precision resistance R4-R8 of the inner auto range circuit terminal of IC1, by switch S 1 receive " COM " input terminal ().As the principle of work of common automatic range digital multimeter measuring voltage, R3 and R4-R7 can be combined into 1 by inner electronic switch, 10,100,1000,10000 times voltage divider makes different tested voltage be divided to basic range and finishes measurement with interior.
If detected magnitude of voltage is less than the threshold voltage of design code, multimeter will enter the resistance measurement state.In order further to improve the defencive function of digital multimeter, the present invention has carried out special design to the break-make situation of light-controlled electronic switch.
Usually automatic range digital multimeter usage ratio method when measuring resistance promptly allows measured resistance and measuring resistance flow through same electric current, and the ratio of measuring voltage drop on measured resistance and the measuring resistance is determined the size of measured resistance.When measuring, the resistance R 3 as standard, R4, R5, R6, the terminal of R7 links together, the other end of these resistance is selected some resistance measuring resistance of usefulness as a comparison by the electronic switch control of IC interior according to the size change of measured resistance.According to this principle, we make light-controlled electronic switch S 2 and S3 conducting in figure one, and S1 and S4 disconnect, and just can constitute the circuit of typical automatic range digital multimeter measuring resistance.
At this moment, the tie point of common port by S2 and R3 and R2 that is used as the R4-R7 of measuring resistance is connected together.The RL terminal of IC1 can be sampled to the magnitude of voltage of this common port by resistance R 8, to determine the size of the voltage drop on measuring resistance.The SMV terminal of IC1 then is connected to the measurement input end " V/OHM " of multimeter by S3 and resistance R 1, can be sampled to the size of measured ohmically voltage drop.According to the size of measured resistance value, different measuring resistances is inserted, just can measure the resistance of the different sizes of resistance automatically.But when the resistance measurement functional status, when the user went measuring voltage mistakenly, high voltage was added on the integrated circuit by measuring resistance, may damage multimeter.Therefore, need to add holding circuit, typically use thermistor and add transistorized protection circuit, its shortcoming is can form a low-impedance load to tested voltage source, just progressively become high impedance load along with the heating of thermistor.
When carrying out common voltage or resistance measurement, two input test rods of digital multimeter will be inserted between " V/OHM " and " COM " two input terminals of digital multimeter.In the present invention, provide a kind of special internal protection.Its method is: when resistance measurement, when the measured resistance value greater than certain numerical value, when only using R3, disconnect S2 and connect S4 as measuring resistance.The RL terminal of IC1 links together with SMV by resistance R 8, and the voltage of just measuring input end " V/OHM " with the voltage of SMV is determined the size of the voltage drop on measuring resistance, compares very for a short time with R3 owing to the resistance of R2, and its error that causes can be ignored.When the user separates two input tests rods of the digital multimeter of pressing this patent making, when preparing measuring voltage, digital multimeter is in the functionality scan state, when the functionality scan state just in time is in selection voltage or current measurement, because light-controlled electronic switch the same state when being in the voltage measurement function, all keeping very high input impedance, is safe when inserting tested voltage suddenly.If the resistance measurement state that may occur needing protection; because prod separately is equivalent to measured resistance for very big; S2 is disconnected; tested voltage only is added on the measuring circuit by R1 and two high impedance path of R2-R3; when inserting tested voltage suddenly; can be not influential to digital multimeter and outside tested voltage source, play a good protection.Solved common digital multimeter and low-impedance situation when the resistance measurement functional status is received voltage source, occurred, all provide better protection and security digital multimeter itself and tested voltage source.
When designing the digital multimeter of automatic selection function by the present invention, if the technical requirement to digital multimeter is not high, when for example input impedance needs only 1 megohm, can be switch S 1, S3, S4 changes the general semiconductor switch that is not with photocontrol into, and switch S 2 still must be used light-operated mode.That is to say that essential characteristic of the present invention is, minimumly when constituting the digital multimeter of automatic selection function use one group of light-operated semiconductor switch.
If all do not use light-operated semiconductor switch, to make the digital multimeter performance of made automatic selection function become very poor, for example input impedance is very low during measuring voltage, measuring error is big, the power that consumes tested voltage source is big, even tested voltage source caused harmful effect, to resistance measurement difficulty of high value or the like.If use mechanical relay to substitute above-mentioned light-operated semiconductor switch, the product of making can reach the technical feature about the same with product of the present invention, but because the life problems of mechanical relay makes it not have practical value.The two is not in scope of the present invention.
On the basis of foregoing invention, can't carry out automatic function for some and differentiate the measuring object of selecting measurement function, because can control light-operated semiconductor switch by internal processes constitutes needed functional measurement circuit, other measurement function that can utilize automatic range digital multimeter integrated circuit to be possessed, for example functions such as survey frequency, dutycycle, electric capacity, diode, break-make develop the digital multimeter of only selecting measurement function with a button.As long as that is to say a function selecting key that adds as shown in Figure 3, when pressing this key, under internal processes control, can enter or withdraw from the automatic function selection mode, adjust inner electronic switch and the light-operated semiconductor switch of control according to different measurement functions, become to be fixed on a certain measurement function state and measure.Press this function selecting key by each, can conversion and selection measurement function.For example: the start original state is the automatic function selection mode, will enter the resistance measurement function when pressing function selecting key; Again by once entering the ac voltage measurement function; Enter dc voltage measurement more successively on time, frequency measurement, duty ratio measuring, diode measurement, break-make is measured, capacitance measurement, dc current measurement, ac current measurement is got back to the function of voltage, resistance and electric current then again and is selected the measurement state automatically.
On the basis of foregoing invention, can increase some fully and commonly on common automatic range digital multimeter keep as data, additional function such as maximal value, minimum value show, the difference demonstration and the RS232 communication function that is connected external computer etc., as shown in Figure 4.Button among the figure is used to select these subsidiary functions.
Claims (10)
1, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of a kind of usefulness, comprise selector switch, control circuit, finish the required circuit part of automatic range multimeter work and peripheral components, display, internal processes and microprocessor, it is characterized in that using at least a light-controlled electronic switch, needed detection incoming line conversion when being used to realize different measurement functions.
2, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that described light-controlled electronic switch is by electrified light emitting, and luminescent device that outage is extinguished and photosensitive electronic switching device are formed.
3, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 2 is characterized in that described light-controlled electronic switch uses photosensitive semiconductor device as switching device; By light emitting diode or other electro-optical device as controllable light source, the Push And Release of control photosensitive semiconductor device.
4, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described photosensitive semiconductor device can be to use the combination of photoelectric cell and general semiconductor switching device to constitute, employed semiconductor switch device requires high voltage withstanding, the VMOS transistor of little resistance when low electric leakage and conducting during shutoff.
5, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described detection input also can use nearly four light-controlled electronic switches, be used to realize the needed circuit conversion of different measurement functions, and connect K1, K2, K3, the K4 end of DIGITEK-3 microprocessor respectively.
6, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that described DIGITEK-3 microprocessor is selected measurement function automatically, differentiate when combined-voltage is measured with current measurement function different threshold values can be set.
7, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described DIGITEK-3 microprocessor when input end is opened a way, carry out the response speed of continuous measurement function scanning to accelerate to differentiate to adding measured amount.
8, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 7, when it is characterized in that measuring high resistance measurement or open circuit, can automatic cutout switch S 2 connect S4, form measuring circuit different when measurement is than low resistance resistance usually, become the circuit of a high input impedance.
9, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 7 is characterized in that increasing data and keeps, maximal value, additional functions such as minimum value demonstration and RS232 communication function.
10, the automatic selection function multimeter of the light-operated electronic switch of usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that can entering or withdraw from automatic selection measurement function by increasing a selection key, transfer to by once changing once as frequency, electric capacity, diode, measurements such as break-make.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101121753A CN100414305C (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2003-11-13 | Light control electronic switch type automatic function selecting universal meter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101121753A CN100414305C (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2003-11-13 | Light control electronic switch type automatic function selecting universal meter |
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| CN1616973A true CN1616973A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| CN100414305C CN100414305C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2003101121753A Expired - Fee Related CN100414305C (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2003-11-13 | Light control electronic switch type automatic function selecting universal meter |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102128965A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-20 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Universal meter |
| CN102901864A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Voltage detecting device |
| CN101149399B (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2013-04-17 | 臧佳菁 | Digital multimeter for automatically selecting measuring function |
| CN104316741A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-01-28 | 武汉振道世纪科技有限公司 | Intelligent universal meter with wide-area measurement and control function and realization method thereof |
| CN109581022A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-05 | 漳州市东方智能仪表有限公司 | Double-impedance input universal meter and method for displaying battery capacity on universal meter |
| CN111007295A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-14 | 优利德科技(中国)股份有限公司 | Multimeter capable of automatically measuring |
| CN113281549A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 上海应用技术大学 | Modified digital multimeter and method for measuring pH and ion concentration of solution |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5321351A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1994-06-14 | Everett Charles Technologies, Inc. | Test fixture alignment system |
| CN2118991U (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1992-10-14 | 李文辉 | Digita universal meter |
| US5701080A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1997-12-23 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Method of improving fault current measurement accuracy on electronic reclosure control |
| CN2257020Y (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-06-25 | 臧玉伦 | Multifunctional digital multimeter |
-
2003
- 2003-11-13 CN CNB2003101121753A patent/CN100414305C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101149399B (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2013-04-17 | 臧佳菁 | Digital multimeter for automatically selecting measuring function |
| CN102128965A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-20 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Universal meter |
| CN102901864A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Voltage detecting device |
| CN104316741A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-01-28 | 武汉振道世纪科技有限公司 | Intelligent universal meter with wide-area measurement and control function and realization method thereof |
| CN109581022A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-05 | 漳州市东方智能仪表有限公司 | Double-impedance input universal meter and method for displaying battery capacity on universal meter |
| CN111007295A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-14 | 优利德科技(中国)股份有限公司 | Multimeter capable of automatically measuring |
| CN113281549A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 上海应用技术大学 | Modified digital multimeter and method for measuring pH and ion concentration of solution |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100414305C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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