CN1613551A - Calcium-expanding black lead mixed adsorbent - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种氯化钙-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂。属于吸附制冷领域。本发明吸附剂分为散装与固化两种混合吸附剂,其中散装混合吸附剂各组分及其重量百分比分别为:氯化钙60%~80%,膨胀石墨20%~40%,固化混合吸附剂各组分的重量百分比分别为:氯化钙55.1%~67.7%,膨胀石墨17.2%~32.7%,水12.2%~15.1%。本发明中混合吸附剂由于采用了膨胀石墨为基质,大大提高了吸附剂的气体渗透性能以及体积填充量,同时由于填充密度加大,大大改善了吸附剂的传热性能,在同等体积吸附床的条件下,空调工况体积制冷量可以提高50%左右,制冰工况可以将制冷量提高58%左右。在模具压力为10~15MPa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.77W/m·K。A calcium chloride-expanded graphite mixed adsorbent. It belongs to the field of adsorption refrigeration. The adsorbent of the present invention is divided into two kinds of mixed adsorbents: bulk and solidified, wherein the components of the bulk mixed adsorbent and their weight percentages are: 60% to 80% of calcium chloride, 20% to 40% of expanded graphite, and solidified mixed adsorbent The weight percentages of the components of the agent are respectively: 55.1%-67.7% of calcium chloride, 17.2%-32.7% of expanded graphite, and 12.2%-15.1% of water. In the present invention, because the mixed adsorbent adopts expanded graphite as the matrix, the gas permeability and volume filling capacity of the adsorbent are greatly improved. At the same time, due to the increase of packing density, the heat transfer performance of the adsorbent is greatly improved. Under certain conditions, the volume cooling capacity of the air conditioner can be increased by about 50%, and the cooling capacity can be increased by about 58% under the ice making condition. When the mold pressure is 10-15MPa, the thermal conductivity of solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.77W/m·K.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种吸附制冷/热泵系统中的吸附剂,具体是一种氯化钙-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂。用于吸附制冷领域。The invention relates to an adsorbent in an adsorption refrigeration/heat pump system, in particular to a calcium chloride-expanded graphite mixed adsorbent. Used in the field of adsorption refrigeration.
背景技术Background technique
作为一种以再生能源或者低品位余热驱动的绿色制冷技术,吸附式制冷/热泵技术越来越得到人们的关注。目前在吸附式制冷/热泵系统中所应用的吸附剂主要包括物理吸附剂、化学吸附剂以及物理-化学混合吸附剂。化学吸附剂相对于物理吸附剂来讲,具有吸附、解吸量大、制冷以及制热功率大等优点,同时也存在传热差、气体渗透性差以及膨胀现象严重等缺点,为了解决化学吸附剂的这些缺点,目前混合吸附剂的研究已经成为一个热点。As a green refrigeration technology driven by renewable energy or low-grade waste heat, adsorption refrigeration/heat pump technology has attracted more and more attention. The adsorbents currently used in adsorption refrigeration/heat pump systems mainly include physical adsorbents, chemical adsorbents, and physical-chemical mixed adsorbents. Compared with physical adsorbents, chemical adsorbents have the advantages of large adsorption and desorption capacity, high cooling and heating power, etc., but also have disadvantages such as poor heat transfer, poor gas permeability, and serious expansion. In order to solve the problem of chemical adsorbents Due to these shortcomings, the research on mixed adsorbents has become a hot spot at present.
经对现有技术的公开文献检索发现,Vasiliev在International Ab-sor-ption Heat Pump Conference(Montreal,Canada,1996:3-8)上发表的“Multi-effect complex compound/ammonia sorption machines”(《国际吸收热泵会议论文》,“多效络合物-氨吸附样机”)对活性炭纤维与氯化钙的混合吸附剂进行了研究,所配制的混合吸附剂中氯化钙与活性炭纤维的比例为1∶1,在小型试验装置中应用结果表明,这种吸附剂的SCP为330W/kg左右。活性炭纤维与化学吸附剂的混合可以有效的解决化学吸附剂的膨胀与结块现象,但活性炭纤维在具体应用中与吸附床之间的接触热阻较大,不利于吸附床的传热。Found through searching the open literature of prior art, " Multi-effect complex compound/ammonia sorption machines " (" International Ab-sor-ption Heat Pump Conference (Montreal, Canada, 1996: 3-8) published by Vasiliev " Conference Papers on Absorption Heat Pumps", "Multiple Effect Complexes-Ammonia Adsorption Prototype") studied the mixed adsorbent of activated carbon fiber and calcium chloride, and the ratio of calcium chloride to activated carbon fiber in the prepared mixed adsorbent was 1 : 1, the application results in small-scale test equipment show that the SCP of this adsorbent is about 330W/kg. The mixture of activated carbon fiber and chemical adsorbent can effectively solve the phenomenon of expansion and agglomeration of chemical adsorbent, but the contact thermal resistance between activated carbon fiber and adsorption bed is large in specific applications, which is not conducive to the heat transfer of adsorption bed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种氯化钙-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂,使其针对单纯的化学吸附剂的缺点,提高了化学吸附剂的传热以及传质性能。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a calcium chloride-expanded graphite mixed adsorbent, so as to improve the heat transfer and mass transfer performance of the chemical adsorbent against the shortcomings of the simple chemical adsorbent.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,本发明分为散装与固化两种混合吸附剂,其中散装混合吸附剂各组分及其重量百分比分别为:氯化钙60%~80%,膨胀石墨20%~40%,固化混合吸附剂各组分的重量百分比分别为:氯化钙55.1%~67.7%,膨胀石墨17.2%~32.7%,水12.2%~15.1%。The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions. The present invention is divided into two kinds of mixed adsorbents in bulk and solidified, wherein the components of the mixed adsorbent in bulk and their weight percentages are respectively: 60% to 80% of calcium chloride, 20% of expanded graphite % to 40%, and the weight percentages of the components of the solidified mixed adsorbent are: 55.1% to 67.7% of calcium chloride, 17.2% to 32.7% of expanded graphite, and 12.2% to 15.1% of water.
以下对本发明作进一步的说明,针对吸附空调以及吸附式制冰工况,配制散装与固化两种混合吸附剂,具体内容如下:The present invention will be further described below. For the working conditions of adsorption air conditioners and adsorption ice-making, two kinds of mixed adsorbents in bulk and solidified are prepared. The specific contents are as follows:
对于吸附空调工况,本发明氯化钙-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂有以下两种配方,使用时选择其中之一:For adsorption air-conditioning working conditions, the calcium chloride-expanded graphite mixed adsorbent of the present invention has the following two formulations, and one of them is selected during use:
(1)散装混合吸附剂,各组分的重量百分比为:氯化钙70%~80%,膨胀石墨20%~30%;(1) bulk mixed adsorbent, the weight percentage of each component is: calcium chloride 70%~80%, expanded graphite 20%~30%;
(2)固化混合吸附剂,各组分的重量百分比为:氯化钙66.2%~67.7%,膨胀石墨17.2%~24%,水9.8%~15.1%。(2) Solidified mixed adsorbent, the weight percentage of each component is: 66.2%-67.7% of calcium chloride, 17.2%-24% of expanded graphite, and 9.8%-15.1% of water.
对于吸附式制冰工况,本发明氯化钙-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂有以下两种配方,使用时选择其中之一:For adsorption ice-making working conditions, the calcium chloride-expanded graphite mixed adsorbent of the present invention has the following two formulations, and one of them is selected during use:
(1)散装混合吸附剂,各组分的重量百分比为:氯化钙60%~70%,膨胀石墨30%~40%;(1) Bulk mixed adsorbent, the weight percentage of each component is: calcium chloride 60%~70%, expanded graphite 30%~40%;
(2)固化混合吸附剂,各组分的重量百分比为:氯化钙55.1%~62.3%,膨胀石墨23.8%~32.7%,水12.2%~13.9%。(2) Solidified mixed adsorbent, the weight percentage of each component is: 55.1%-62.3% of calcium chloride, 23.8%-32.7% of expanded graphite, and 12.2%-13.9% of water.
散装混合吸附剂中,散装膨胀石墨与氯化钙的混合方式为直接混合或者浸渍混合,即二者直接混合后烘干,再应用于吸附床中,或者先将氯化钙溶于与氯化钙等质量的水中,然后将膨胀石墨浸渍于氯化钙的水溶液中,最后将浸渍吸附剂烘干后应用于吸附床中。固化混合吸附剂,先将氯化钙与水搅拌均匀,再加入膨胀石墨,搅拌之后采用模具固化而成。In the bulk mixed adsorbent, the mixing method of bulk expanded graphite and calcium chloride is direct mixing or impregnation mixing, that is, the two are directly mixed and then dried, and then applied to the adsorption bed, or calcium chloride is first dissolved in calcium and other quality water, then impregnate the expanded graphite in the aqueous solution of calcium chloride, and finally dry the impregnated adsorbent and apply it to the adsorption bed. To solidify the mixed adsorbent, first stir calcium chloride and water evenly, then add expanded graphite, and then solidify with a mold after stirring.
散装与固化吸附剂根据其形式的不同,可以应用于不同场合的吸附床。当吸附剂的填充空间小时,例如采用板翅式吸附床时,由于固化混合吸附剂的填充较为困难,一般采用散装混合吸附剂。对于吸附剂的填充空间大的吸附床,例如壳管式吸附床,可采用固化混合吸附剂。Bulk and solidified adsorbents can be applied to adsorption beds in different occasions according to their different forms. When the filling space of the adsorbent is small, such as when a plate-fin adsorption bed is used, due to the difficulty in filling the solidified mixed adsorbent, bulk mixed adsorbents are generally used. For an adsorption bed with a large filling space of the adsorbent, such as a shell-and-tube adsorption bed, a solidified mixed adsorbent can be used.
本发明中混合吸附剂由于采用了膨胀石墨为基质,大大提高了吸附剂的气体渗透性能以及体积填充量,同时由于填充密度加大,大大改善了吸附剂的传热性能,在同等体积吸附床的条件下,空调工况体积制冷量可以提高50%左右,制冰工况可以将制冷量提高58%左右。在模具压力为10~15Mpa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.77W/m·K。In the present invention, because the mixed adsorbent adopts expanded graphite as the matrix, the gas permeability and volume filling capacity of the adsorbent are greatly improved. At the same time, due to the increase of packing density, the heat transfer performance of the adsorbent is greatly improved. Under certain conditions, the volume cooling capacity of the air conditioner can be increased by about 50%, and the cooling capacity can be increased by about 58% under the ice making condition. When the mold pressure is 10-15Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.77W/m·K.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
结合本发明材质的内容提供具体的实施例:Provide specific embodiments in conjunction with the content of the material of the present invention:
对于吸附空调工况,散装混合吸附剂的实施例如下:For adsorption air conditioning conditions, examples of bulk mixed adsorbents are as follows:
(1)氯化钙70%,膨胀石墨30%,二者直接混合后烘干。对于单纯的氯化钙,由于在吸附过程中存在膨胀与结块现象,所以必须留有必要的膨胀空间。经实验验证,在空调工况,氯化钙的最大体积填充量只有41.6%。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,由于膨胀石墨可以很好的改善吸附剂的传质,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高29%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高29%。(1) Calcium chloride 70%, expanded graphite 30%, the two are directly mixed and then dried. For pure calcium chloride, due to the phenomenon of expansion and agglomeration in the adsorption process, the necessary expansion space must be left. It has been verified by experiments that the maximum volume filling of calcium chloride is only 41.6% in the air-conditioning working condition. Using the above mixed adsorbent formula, since the expanded graphite can improve the mass transfer of the adsorbent, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 29%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 29%.
(2)氯化钙8%0,膨胀石墨20%,将膨胀石墨浸渍于氯化钙的水溶液中,最后将浸渍吸附剂烘干。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高35%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高35%。(2) Calcium chloride 8% 0, expanded graphite 20%, the expanded graphite is impregnated in the aqueous solution of calcium chloride, and finally the impregnated adsorbent is dried. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 35%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 35%.
对于吸附空调工况,固化混合吸附剂的实施例如下:For adsorptive air-conditioning conditions, examples of solidified hybrid adsorbents are as follows:
(3)氯化钙66.2%,膨胀石墨24%,水9.8%。先将氯化钙与水搅拌均匀,再加入膨胀石墨。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高50%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高50%。在模具压力为10~15Mpa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.4W/m·K。(3) Calcium chloride 66.2%, expanded graphite 24%, water 9.8%. Stir calcium chloride and water evenly first, then add expanded graphite. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 50%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 50%. When the mold pressure is 10-15Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.4W/m·K.
(4)氯化钙67.7%,膨胀石墨17.2%,水15.1%。先将氯化钙与水搅拌均匀,再加入膨胀石墨。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高43%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高43%。在模具压力为10~15Mpa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.0W/m·K。(4) Calcium chloride 67.7%, expanded graphite 17.2%, water 15.1%. Stir calcium chloride and water evenly first, then add expanded graphite. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 43%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 43%. When the mold pressure is 10-15Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.0W/m·K.
对于吸附式制冰工况,散装混合吸附剂的实施例如下:For adsorption ice-making conditions, examples of bulk mixed adsorbents are as follows:
(1)氯化钙60%,膨胀石墨40%,二者直接混合后烘干。对于单纯的氯化钙,由于在吸附过程中存在膨胀与结块现象,所以必须留有必要的膨胀空间。经实验验证,在制冰工况,由于系统压力较低,氯化钙的最大体积填充量要小于空调工况的体积填充量,只有33.3%。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,由于膨胀石墨可以很好的改善吸附剂的传质,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高29%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高29%。(1) Calcium chloride 60%, expanded graphite 40%, the two are directly mixed and then dried. For pure calcium chloride, due to the phenomenon of expansion and agglomeration in the adsorption process, the necessary expansion space must be left. It has been verified by experiments that in ice-making conditions, due to the low system pressure, the maximum volume filling of calcium chloride is smaller than that in air-conditioning conditions, only 33.3%. Using the above mixed adsorbent formula, since the expanded graphite can improve the mass transfer of the adsorbent, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 29%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 29%.
(2)氯化钙70%,膨胀石墨30%,将膨胀石墨浸渍于氯化钙的水溶液中,最后将浸渍吸附剂烘干。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高34%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高34%。(2) Calcium chloride 70%, expanded graphite 30%, the expanded graphite is impregnated in the aqueous solution of calcium chloride, and finally the impregnated adsorbent is dried. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 34%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 34%.
对于吸附式制冰工况,固化混合吸附剂的实施例如下:For adsorption ice-making conditions, examples of solidified mixed adsorbents are as follows:
(3)氯化钙55.1%,膨胀石墨32.7%,水12.2%。先将氯化钙与水搅拌均匀,再加入膨胀石墨。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高58%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高58%。在模具压力为10~15Mpa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.77W/m·K。(3) Calcium chloride 55.1%, expanded graphite 32.7%, water 12.2%. Stir calcium chloride and water evenly first, then add expanded graphite. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 58%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 58%. When the mold pressure is 10-15Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.77W/m·K.
(4)氯化钙62.3%,膨胀石墨23.8%,水13.9%。先将氯化钙与水搅拌均匀,再加入膨胀石墨。采用上述混合吸附剂配方,氯化钙的体积填充量可以提高53%,相应的体积制冷量也将提高53%。在模具压力为10~15Mpa时,固化混合吸附剂的导热系数较粉末状氯化钙提高30倍以上,最高可以达到9.3W/m·K。(4) Calcium chloride 62.3%, expanded graphite 23.8%, water 13.9%. Stir calcium chloride and water evenly first, then add expanded graphite. By adopting the above mixed adsorbent formula, the volume filling capacity of calcium chloride can be increased by 53%, and the corresponding volume cooling capacity will also be increased by 53%. When the mold pressure is 10-15Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the solidified mixed adsorbent is more than 30 times higher than that of powdered calcium chloride, and the highest can reach 9.3W/m·K.
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