CN1609420A - 控制向包含氮氧化物的尾气中添加还原剂的方法 - Google Patents
控制向包含氮氧化物的尾气中添加还原剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
控制将还原剂加入到包含氮氧化物中的尾气的方法，尾气和选择性催化剂接触，通过和还原剂在接触催化剂的情况下反应来减少氮氧化物，该方法包括以下步骤：测定通过发动机的燃烧空气的质量流量；测定在和催化剂接触之前尾气中的氮氧化物浓度；测定在催化剂进口的尾气温度；测定在催化剂出口的尾气温度；和传输测定的空气质量流量数值，氮氧化物浓度数值和进口和出口的温度到电子控制元件并且计算在接触催化剂前注入到尾气中的还原剂的量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过在车辆内燃发动机上注入还原剂进行选择性催化还原的方式减少氮氧化物(NOX)量的方法。
背景技术
减少内燃发动机产生的NOX通常是采用选择性催化还原(SCR)的方法。在SCR中，氨或者尿素作为还原剂。当还原剂吸附于催化表面时，还原剂和尾气中的氮氧化物反应形成氮气和水。氨或尿素作为外源性物质以水溶液或者是象尿素一样的固体或者溶解在水中的形式添加到尾气中。如果使用尿素，其将被尾气中的热量分解成氨和异氰酸或者被SCR催化剂水解成二氧化碳和氨。
尽管其他的碱金属氧化物也具有SCR活性，但是，通常在SCR过程中使用V2O5-WO3/TiO2作为催化剂。
电子控制元件(EUC)通常用来计量尿素或氨还原剂的注入，这种注入必须和催化剂还原NOX的能力相一致。还原能力取决于催化剂的活性，尾气的温度，尾气的质量流量和尾气中NOX的浓度。尾气中的氧气量和水量也影响还原能力，但是认为这种影响是微小的。在柴油燃料发动机尾气的NOX控制的已知方法和系统中，最重要的因素象尾气的质量流量，尾气中NOX的浓度和催化温度可以使用安排在发动机尾气通道中的传感器来确定。
测量数据随后会传送给ECU，在其中，数据通过算法转换成适当的输出信号到达控制还原剂注入尾气流的计量泵。
在已知系统中，从传感器得到的数据以相似的方式传送到EUC，这使得他们容易被车辆上的电场所引发的电磁波扰动所诱导。因此需要将ECU安置在距传感器很近的距离内，以限制感应信号的电磁波干扰。
针对ECU和传感器之间位置的局限性带来了严重的问题，尤其是对于改进现有的具有包含传感器和ECU的NOX还原装置的车辆。在上面所描述的类型的NOX还原系统中，在例如必须通过在发动机箱内的传感器来监控的发动机数据是用于控制还原剂的注入的情况下，还很难将ECU安置在车辆上。
发明内容
因而，总的来说，本发明的目的在于提供一种相对于众所周知的控制加入还原剂的方法的改进方法，尤其是涉及感应数据的传输。
因而，本发明是一种改进方法，用于控制在包含氮氧化物的汽车发动机尾气中加入还原剂，使氮氧化物和还原剂通过接触选择性的还原催化剂进行反应，其中加入到尾气中的还原剂的量根据尾气的数值和/或发动机数值计量，这些数值依靠传感器确定，感应数据传递到电子控制元件，用来计量被加入尾气的还原剂的量，其改进点包括通过串行接口将感应数据传递到电子控制元件。
本发明进一步提供一种改进的计量加入到包含氮氧化物的尾气中的用于催化还原氮氧化物的还原剂的系统。本系统对于操作本发明的方法非常有用。
本发明的方法和系统的实质的特征是使用串行接口将感应数据传递到电子控制元件(ECU)，借此可以避免由汽车电场引起的电磁干扰诱导。传感器配备了串行接口，使得将ECU安置在距传感器远的位置成为可能。
更进一步的优点是，使用串行接口取代测量来自传感器的模拟信号的电路的ECU可以通过直接安装在气流传感器上或紧靠它安装的串行接口来监控传输的气流，气流传感器可以放置在发动机箱内。
附图说明
附图是本发明一个实施方案的示意图，其显示了所涉及的传感器的接口，以及它们与ECU的串行连接。
具体实施方式
为了实现本发明，必须至少监控氮氧化物浓度，还原催化剂进口的尾气温度和还原催化剂出口的尾气温度其中之一。另外，最好确定发动机的某些操作数值，特别是发动机入口空气流动量。
发动机入口气流的测量值和尾气中的氧气量可以计算尾气的质量流量。从尾气中氧气量和进口气流，就得到了燃料消耗量。燃料消耗，计为摩尔流量，加上发动机入口空气摩尔流量得出尾气摩尔流量。已知尾气的平均摩尔重量，就可以计算出对于本发明来说足够精确和准确的尾气的质量流量。
通过上面描述的计算得到的尾气质量流量的测定是基于通过使用低成本的传感器对于入口的气流和氧气浓度进行数据测量，而不使用如现有技术中经常应用的安置在尾气通道内的昂贵的尾气流动传感器。
NOX质量流量通过ECU，由催化剂上流和尿素注入点的NOX浓度数据计算得到，该数据从NOX传感器或其他分析装置传递过来。出于和气流传感器的相同原因，NOX传感器也配置了串行接口，优选控制器局域网，CAN接口，这些串行接口可以和电子控制元件经串行通道连接。
CANbus是Bosch最初为了在汽车上的应用而开发的。是一种能存在于苛刻的电环境下的高速串行数据网络。它在很大程度上实现了最初的设想，解决了潜在的问题-通过使用基于不破坏优先权的信息推断。
为了预测NOX催化剂的还原能力，必须测量尾气的温度。出于与气流传感器的相同理由，温度传感器也可以装备串行接口，优选CAN接口，其可以像附图示意的那样，能和电子控制元件经串行通道连接。
Claims (7)
1.一种改进的方法，用于控制在包含氮氧化物的汽车发动机尾气中加入还原剂，使氮氧化物和还原剂通过接触选择性的还原催化剂进行反应，其中加入到尾气中的还原剂量根据尾气的数值和/或发动机数值计量，这些数值依靠传感器确定，感应数据传递到电子控制元件，用来计量被加入尾气的还原剂的量，其改进点包括通过串行接口将感应数据传递到电子控制元件。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中还原剂包括或为尿素和/或氨。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中确定的尾气数值至少是氮氧化物浓度，尾气在还原剂进口的温度，尾气在还原剂出口的温度，和尾气中氧气量的一种。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中发动机数值包括发动机入口空气流量。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中电子控制元件被安置在汽车发动机箱内。
6.权利要求1的方法，其中电子控制元件是现有的控制发动机操作的元件。
7.用于控制加入还原剂到包含氮氧化物的汽车尾气中的系统，包括至少一个提供尾气组成和条件数据的传感器和/或操作发动机的传感器，和用于处理上述数据和计量还原剂加入到尾气中的电子控制元件，其中传感器配备用于将感应数据的传递到电子控制元件的串行接口。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA200300723 | 2003-05-13 | ||
| DKPA200300723 | 2003-05-13 |
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| CN1609420A true CN1609420A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
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| US (1) | US20040226286A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1477655A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2004340146A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1609420A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2467178A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2004114304A (zh) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101573515B (zh) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-10-10 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于计量液态还原剂的装置 |
| CN101784768B (zh) * | 2007-08-03 | 2012-11-28 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | 排气管线中反应物分配回路的管理系统 |
| CN102998355A (zh) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-27 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种发动机下线检测氮氧化物排放的方法及系统 |
| US8713917B2 (en) | 2007-08-30 | 2014-05-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for reducing NH3 release from SCR catalysts during thermal transients |
| CN111989467A (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-11-24 | 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 | 用于对至少一个液体敏感传感器的激活进行控制的方法和系统 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070042495A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-02-22 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Method of controlling injection of a reducing agent in an engine emissions control system |
| DE102006004170A1 (de) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Pierburg Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden im Abgas von Brennkraftmaschinen |
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| JPH1047048A (ja) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| DE19704558A1 (de) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur katalytischen Abgasreinigung sowie Verbrennungsanlage |
| DE19728349A1 (de) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-07 | Telefunken Microelectron | Sensoranordnung und Motorsteuerungseinrichtung für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
| DE19736384A1 (de) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-02-25 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in stickoxidhaltiges Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE19740702C1 (de) * | 1997-09-16 | 1998-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer mit Luftüberschuß arbeitenden Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE19743337C1 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-01-07 | Siemens Ag | NOx-Reduktionssystem mit einer Einrichtung zur Reduktionsmitteldosierung |
| DE19749400C2 (de) * | 1997-11-07 | 2001-11-29 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOX-Gehaltes im Abgas einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine |
| DE19807215C2 (de) * | 1998-02-20 | 2000-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Steuersystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE19814386C2 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Entfernung von Stickoxiden im Abgas einer Verbrennungsanlage |
| DE19819579C1 (de) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-09-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung für eine mit einem SCR-Katalysator ausgestattete Brennkraftmaschine |
| US6357226B2 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2002-03-19 | Chrysler Corporation | Control system for lean air-fuel ratio NOx catalyst system |
| US6427439B1 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-08-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for NOx reduction |
| DE10048808A1 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Betriebsabläufen |
| US6415602B1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-07-09 | Engelhard Corporation | Control system for mobile NOx SCR applications |
| US6725651B2 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2004-04-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Reducing agent for emission control system, reducing-agent supply device, and emission control system using the reducing agent |
| DE10139142A1 (de) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Abgasbehandlungseinheit und Messvorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Konzentration einer Harnstoff-Wasser-Lösung |
| AU2003215142A1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2003-09-02 | Cleaire Advanced Emission Controls | Apparatus and method for simultaneous monitoring, logging, and controlling of an industrial process |
| JP3951774B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-29 | 2007-08-01 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | 内燃機関のＮОｘ浄化装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-04-30 EP EP04010280A patent/EP1477655A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-05 US US10/838,367 patent/US20040226286A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-12 CA CA002467178A patent/CA2467178A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-12 RU RU2004114304/06A patent/RU2004114304A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-12 JP JP2004142337A patent/JP2004340146A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-13 CN CNA2004100477892A patent/CN1609420A/zh active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101573515B (zh) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-10-10 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于计量液态还原剂的装置 |
| CN101784768B (zh) * | 2007-08-03 | 2012-11-28 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | 排气管线中反应物分配回路的管理系统 |
| US8713917B2 (en) | 2007-08-30 | 2014-05-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for reducing NH3 release from SCR catalysts during thermal transients |
| CN102998355A (zh) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-27 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种发动机下线检测氮氧化物排放的方法及系统 |
| CN102998355B (zh) * | 2012-12-17 | 2016-01-13 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种发动机下线检测氮氧化物排放的方法及系统 |
| CN111989467A (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-11-24 | 斯堪尼亚商用车有限公司 | 用于对至少一个液体敏感传感器的激活进行控制的方法和系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040226286A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| RU2004114304A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
| JP2004340146A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
| CA2467178A1 (en) | 2004-11-13 |
| EP1477655A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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