CN1603737A - X ray interferometer with twin zone plates - Google Patents
X ray interferometer with twin zone plates Download PDFInfo
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- CN1603737A CN1603737A CN 200410067779 CN200410067779A CN1603737A CN 1603737 A CN1603737 A CN 1603737A CN 200410067779 CN200410067779 CN 200410067779 CN 200410067779 A CN200410067779 A CN 200410067779A CN 1603737 A CN1603737 A CN 1603737A
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Abstract
The invention provides a twin wave zone plate X-ray interferometer, which comprises X-ray source and is characterized by the following: it is to locate first wave zone plate and second wave zone plate with their centers slight bias and close along the direction of X-ray moving direction; it is to locate a sample rack behind the focuses of the first and second wave zone plates; then to locate a X-ray detector to detect interferometer photograph.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the X ray interferometer, particularly a kind of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates
Background technology
Because X ray wavelength ratio visible light much shorter, when carrying out the precision detection with it, resolution is than high 2～4 magnitudes of visible light in theory.Therefore, utilize the X ray interference technique can carry out the research of high resolving power interferometry.
Nineteen sixty-five, first X ray interferometer that the U.Bonse of U.S. Cornell university and M.Hart are developed into, it is to be made of three blocks of parallel monocrystalline silicon, based on the crystal diffraction principle, first crystal is used as beam splitter, second crystal is compound with this two beam X-ray, the much shorter of wanting owing to X ray wavelength ratio visible light, the interference fringe that they form is too close, so that Direct observation with the naked eye, the 3rd crystal then solved this difficult problem, and it becomes very little with the angle between two beam X-rays, almost parallel, with striped under the negative writing.This interferometer almost is aplanatic, so it successfully is applied to the research of hard X ray phase contrast imaging.The shortcoming of this interferometer maximum is: need three high-quality crystal, not only crystal plane direction wants consistent, and three crystal will be parallel to each other, and this has brought difficulty for crystal growth and processing undoubtedly.
In April, 2004, the high letter of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai ray machine institute is grand to wait the people to propose simple and easy X ray interferometer (referring to technology formerly: Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's number of patent application: 200410017870.6), structure is very simple, can obtain to use widely in fields such as biomedicines, but employed two glass plates of this interferometer need high-precision processing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is at existing shortcoming in the above-mentioned technology formerly, proposes a kind of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates, and this interferometer only needs two blocks of commercially available zone plates, can obtain to use widely in the biomedical material science.
Zone plate is the important image-forming component in the X ray optics.Ordinary lens can't be used for to x-ray imaging, the refractive index of X ray be one less than but be in close proximity to 1 constant, it is very strong to the absorption of X ray to add general material, and can't process can be to the lens of x-ray imaging, and the X ray zone plate has just in time been filled up this vacancy.
Zone plate is a kind of diffraction optical element of special shape, can regard a circular grating as, and its line density radially increases progressively.Utilize the higher first-order diffraction of its efficient, almost can be to the radiant image of all wavelengths.The most basic zone plate is a fresnel's zone plate, and it is made up of a series of chequered with black and white endless belt.Position phase zone plate is that full impregnated is bright, but introduces the π phase shift in adjacent endless belt, and its theoretical efficiency is 4 times of fresnel's zone plate.
In fact, the proposition of fresnel's zone plate is apart from modern existing more than 100 year (1875).For a long time, it does not obtain due attention.Its reason: (1) its efficient is too low, and the energy that incides on the endless belt plate has only 1/ π
2(～10%) focuses on the one-level focus; (2) imaging background is too strong, or signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is too low.There is 1/4 incident light not diffracted, and on the picture plane, produces a continuous background; (3) has very strong chromatic dispersion (f ∝ 1/ λ); (4) difficulty on the manufacture craft.
In recent years, breakthrough that the development of the construction of synchronous radiation accelerator, x-ray laser is obtained provided the light source of high brightness, high degree of coherence for the X ray optical research.Particularly water window X ray (2.36～4.50nm), in the ultrastructure of observing biological living cells, organelle, and even the important application of its internal dynamic on changing, arouse the interest of people again, thereby promoted the development of zone plate the X ray optical research.The precision processing technology development makes the making of X ray zone plate become possibility again.
Efficient, resolution, operation wavelength and diameter are the most basic parameters of zone plate.Lower in view of the brightness of existing x-ray source, how to improve the efficient of X ray zone plate, be that problem to be solved is arranged always.As far back as 1888, Rayleigh just proposed the imagination of position phase zone plate.After 10 years, Wood has proved the superiority of this zone plate again.The result shows that the theoretical efficiency of position phase zone plate is 40%, is 4 times of fresnel's zone plate.Nineteen ninety, Hisao Fijisaki proposes the imagination of graded index position phase zone plate again, this zone plate same with on point to the focus aplanatism, the path difference between the different band is 2m π, m is an integer.As if we can think like this that similar with ordinary lens, this zone plate is equally applicable to Fermat principle, and its theoretical efficiency reaches 100%.Even consider absorption, its efficient also can reach 34%, is 1.4 times of the position phase zone plate made of same material.
The height of resolution can directly influence the quality of zone plate image quality.An important application of X ray zone plate is " micro-", and it is also more outstanding to the requirement of resolution.The resolution of zone plate is determined that by minimum wavestrip width its analytical form is Δ ≈ 1.22 (Δ γ) min, and the height of machining precision is very big to the resolution influence of imaging zone plate.Directly write and during zone plate such as metallikon made, comparatively ripe with holography method and electron beam plating method, the minimum wavestrip width of processing reached about 50nm at holography method, electron beam plating method, ion beam.Use the minimum field emitted electron bundle of diameter to photoresist (PMMA) exposure, this width can also reduce.
Material changes with wavelength the absorption of X ray, and operation wavelength has determined to make the material of zone plate.It is improper that manufacturing materials is selected, and will reduce the efficient of zone plate greatly.Operation wavelength does not match, and also can bring aberration to zone plate, and might introduce other aberration (as spherical aberration) etc.Diameter is another important parameter of zone plate, and it directly influences the spatial resolution of zone plate.
Except imaging, convergent beam, also can utilize the rich shade of zone plate to loose, obtain homogeneous X-ray.The X ray of certain bandwidth incides on the zone plate, the wavelength difference, and its focal position is also different.The diaphragm that the aperture is suitable places the place, focal plane of zone plate, changes the position of diaphragm on axle, can select the X ray of required wavelength.
From above discussion we as can be seen, when the identical zone plate slight misalignment of two block structure parameters is superimposed, will produce two diffraction focuses, these two focuses can be considered two point sources, when the spherical wave that they send is overlapping, to produce interference fringe, around this principle, structure of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates, comprise an x-ray source, it is characterized in that on the X ray working direction of this x-ray source, place two centers are slightly inclined to one side and press close to first zone plate and second zone plate, after the focus of first zone plate or second zone plate, be provided with a specimen holder of placing testing sample, an X-ray detector of surveying conoscope image is set after again.
On the X ray working direction, two blocks of zone plates that the placement center is slightly inclined to one side have produced two focuses of zone plate.At the rearmounted testing sample of the focus of a zone plate, the X ray of being launched by these two focuses will intersect, and interfere mutually, and conoscope image is surveyed with X-ray detector.
Said x-ray source is a synchrotron radiation source, or the X-ray tube of a microfocus.
Said two blocks of X ray zone plates are commercially available X ray zone plates.
Said sample is a biosome to be measured, perhaps other material.
Said detector is the device that can accept and write down the X ray interference fringe.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention adopts the identical X ray zone plate of two block structures, it is so-called twin wave strap, when their center slight misalignment stack, after the grenz ray irradiation, two focuses that stagger will be produced, these two focuses can be considered two new X ray point sources, and they will intersect and produce striped, but structure is very simple.
Compare with technology formerly: X ray interferometer with twin zone plates of the present invention, simple in structure, do not want any beam splitter and crystal, in biomedical and material science, have a wide range of applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the light channel structure figure of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is the light channel structure figure of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates embodiment of the present invention, as seen from the figure, X ray interferometer with twin zone plates of the present invention, its structure comprises an x-ray source 1, be on the X ray working direction of this x-ray source 1, place two centers slightly partially and first zone plate 2 and second zone plate 3 pressed close to) after the focus of first zone plate 2 or second zone plate 3, be provided with a specimen holder of placing testing sample 4, an X-ray detector 5 of surveying conoscope image is set after again.
Said x-ray source 1 is a synchrotron radiation source, and its output wavelength is limited to the X ray zone with monochromator, is about 1.5 .
Said first zone plate 2 and second zone plate 3 are commercially available X ray zone plates, and diameter is 5mm, and focal length is 60mm, and wavestrip is counted N=500, two zone plate centers, the 80 μ m that stagger.
Said sample 4 is phase objects, as the liver of mouse.
Said detector 5 is CCD receivers, and signal is sent to the computing machine (not shown) and carries out data processing.
The principle of work and the basic process of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates of the present invention are as follows:
After X ray incides first zone plate 2 and second zone plate 3, produce two focuses, i.e. two X ray point sources, wherein the light beam that sends of a point source forms light beam that the light beam that contains the testing sample message and other point source send through testing sample 4 and intersects to produce and interfere, conoscope image is received by ccd detector 5, the distance of interference fringe depends on the angle of cut of two beam X-rays, adjust the drift angle, center of two blocks of zone plates, can change the distance of interference fringe, when the off(-)center of two blocks of zone plates becomes big, can obtain the X ray hologram.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of X ray interferometer with twin zone plates, one x-ray source (1) is arranged, it is characterized in that on the X ray working direction of this x-ray source (1), place two centers are slightly inclined to one side and press close to first zone plate (2) and second zone plate (3), after the focus of first zone plate (2) or second zone plate (3), be provided with a specimen holder of placing testing sample (4), an X-ray detector (5) of surveying conoscope image is set after again.
2, X ray interferometer with twin zone plates according to claim 1 is characterized in that described x-ray source (1) is a synchrotron radiation source, or the X-ray tube of a microfocus.
3, X ray interferometer with twin zone plates according to claim 1 is characterized in that described zone plate is commercially available X ray zone plate.
4, X ray interferometer with twin zone plates according to claim 1 is characterized in that described testing sample (4) is a biosome to be measured, perhaps other material.
5, X ray interferometer with twin zone plates according to claim 1 is characterized in that described detector (5) is the device that can accept and write down the X ray interference fringe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410067779 CN1243213C (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | X ray interferometer with twin zone plates |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410067779 CN1243213C (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | X ray interferometer with twin zone plates |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1603737A true CN1603737A (en) | 2005-04-06 |
| CN1243213C CN1243213C (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200410067779 Expired - Fee Related CN1243213C (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | X ray interferometer with twin zone plates |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105006266B (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2017-06-06 | 复旦大学 | The preparation method of autoregistration bilayer X-ray zone plate |
| CN113946008A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-18 | 四川大学 | Phase and amplitude combined modulation composite zone plate |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9382119B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2016-07-05 | So Spark Ltd. | Rapid high-pressure microwave thermal decomposition system, capsule and method for using same |
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2004
- 2004-11-03 CN CN 200410067779 patent/CN1243213C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105006266B (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2017-06-06 | 复旦大学 | The preparation method of autoregistration bilayer X-ray zone plate |
| CN113946008A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-18 | 四川大学 | Phase and amplitude combined modulation composite zone plate |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1243213C (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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Granted publication date: 20060222 Termination date: 20091203 |