CN1601901A - Continuous current means of electronic switch - Google Patents

Abstract

Afterflow unit solves issues of supplying power under off state of electric switch, and glimmer light or flicking appear under ajar state in load.

Description

The afterflow device of electronic switch

The application is 01103153.0, the continuation of 02115189.X.

Technical field

The invention relates to electronization, intellectualized reconstruction with standard machinery formula switch on wall.Switch can be made a general reference the control device that connects between AC power and load.

Background technology

File [3] has realized that the voltage stabilizing direct current of capacitance decompression under off-state obtains.

Figure 1A is the power taking schematic diagram of file [3].Power taking during the switch off-state gets by the C1 step-down.Below main power taking principle when on-state is discussed.

When positive half cycle, the Q1 both end voltage is born just down on 0.Before not reaching the Q1 gate trigger current, Q1 is in closed condition.In time, A point current potential is lower than B point current potential, does not have electric current on the R2 at the t=0 to t1 of Figure 1B.Along with ac potential rises, A point current potential surpasses B point, i.e. t＞t1.A point current potential flows to C2 and DC circuit through D1, R2, promptly is between the t=t1 and t2 of Figure 1B.After A point current potential continues rising to reach the D6 trigger voltage (after t＞t2), the Q1 conducting.

When negative half period, the Q1 both end voltage is just negative since 0 time.Before not reaching the Q1 gate trigger current, Q1 is in closed condition.C point current potential is lower than B point current potential, does not have electric current on the R2.Along with ac potential rises, C point current potential surpasses B point, i.e. t＞t1.C point current potential flows to C2 and DC circuit through D2, R2, promptly is between the t=t1 and t2 of Figure 1B.After C point current potential continues rising to reach the D6 trigger voltage (after t＞t2), the Q1 conducting.

The effect of R2 is the clamper that makes B or C point current potential break away from D5.The current potential at C2 two ends can maintain near the V in half-wave if the low-voltage direct load is little.

When load changes, increase (impedance diminishes) as L power, the charging interval of C2 arrives in advance, and the trigger voltage of Q1 more can arrive in advance, and t ' 2-t ' 1＜t2-t1 is obviously arranged.Again owing to remain the voltage range that begins (depending on the B point voltage) and charging end (depending on the Q1 trigger voltage) in charging, the current strength of R2 of flowing through can not increase, net result is that the DC circuit electric energy reduces, voltage descends, and workload-adaptability is poor, or only can extract a spot of electric current.The radio frequency interference that non-linear element produces is not disclosed.

File [4] has realized that with microprocessor infrared signal receives and the control of two-way switch, but does not have the circuit of transmission and control thereof.

File [2] [7] has been realized " switch on the wall " control to other switch on wall, but at one's side the electric current of flowing through is not used and only uses powered battery.The design integrated level of [2] is low has in addition limited compact performance, and teleswitch separates with former on ﹠ off switch, and it is too many to press bond number, makes operation interface friendly inadequately, and frequency coding is had any problem on the implementation.[7] under the variable connector situation, not to change house wiring to become multiple arrangement (many power supplys, multi-receiver) exactly.With battery powered device is extending battery life, generally should not design the break-make indication.More than transtation mission circuit separates with receiving circuit in the device, has got rid of the possibility of forwarding or bidirectional information.

File [5] has the removable notion of switch block, but is limited to the parts of no electric property.

Because the two-wire system electronic switch needs certain electric current when off-state, the design power consumption of the size of electric current and switch self and the equiva lent impedance of the load that switch connect are relevant.This electric current makes part light fixture (particularly lower powered) be in half-open position appearance flicker or low-light.Simple vent diverter in parallel can make phenomenon alleviate to some extent.But it is only effective to the part light fixture.And do not have can not indicate the minimum current that does not produce this flicker that this just brings uncertainty to use in the light fixture product at present yet.

For improving the effect of transceiving, aspect the digital processing of signal, as not considering factors such as power consumption, cost, integrated transceiver or module that band line code encoding and decoding and band error correction coding/decoding etc. are arranged, even had these transceivers integrated or microprocessor, the SOC (system on a chip) schemes such as (SoC) of module optional, but these all relate to Digital Logic, and relative cost is higher.Microprocessor program in the file [4] [7] is the openly processing of this respect not.

Summary of the invention

1. to the improvement of power supply interlock circuit

Schematic diagram is seen Fig. 1 C.The on-state situation only is discussed.K closure under the effect of on-state controlling mechanism (Fig. 3-6 has realized 4 kinds of different controlling mechanisms).

When on-state charging delay capacitor C3 electric charge was 0, also to the power supply of B point, the C point was a current circuit to the positive half cycle of alternating current when C3 charges.Along with the gate current during that A point current potential rises and to make the R1 that flows through greater than the Q1 trigger current, the Q1 conducting, at this moment A point is identical with C point current potential, owing to less than higher relative current potential, the charging of C3 end.It is that the positive D of A is negative that the charging result makes C3 go up electric charge.Keep high potential (near V_) owing to the B point has energy storage capacitor C2 to make, so C3 can't discharge and continue to preserve electric energy, and electromotive force is suitable with V_).To alternating current is the situation of negative half period, and similarly the result is that the last electric charge of C3 is that the positive A of D is negative.

After C3 had electric charge, going up electric charge as C3 was that the positive A of D is negative, and D point current potential is near the B point.At this moment, transfer positive half cycle to from negative half period when alternating current.D point current potential equals the C3 electromotive force and adds A point alternating current current potential and be higher than B point current potential.This means at alternating current and spend the time that almost at once just can need not to wait for t ' 1 after 0, and flow is not subjected to resistance limits to the charging of B point.Along with A point current potential continues to raise, through the gate current increase of R1, up to the Q1 conducting, half period is finished.To transfer the negative half period situation to from positive half cycle similar when alternating current.

This improvement has improved the stability of two-wire system switch parasite current when inserting different internal resistances (power) load.The parasitic stabling current of on-state can be brought up to almost and main circuit current quite (wanting afterflow device to cooperate under the necessary occasion) by several milliamperes.

The inhibition of the radio frequency interference that non-linear volt-ampere curve device is produced.These devices mainly contain voltage stabilizing didoe, diac, neon tube etc.The electric current that produces in their operating voltage district has abundant harmonic wave composition (zones of inversions is more than the forward region), high fdrequency component wherein can be suitable to dimension and switch on wall, the receiving circuit of volume compact particularly uses built-in aerial to cause that radiation is dried scratches, and influences receiving range.

The present invention suppresses with following all or part method or eliminates the radio frequency interference that non-linear volt-ampere curve device produces: not only kept original DC channel but also suppressed high-frequency current (Fig. 3 to Fig. 7) to producing the radiant element inductance element of connecting; The ring-type that produces the component pin of interference or the formation of connecting up is vertical with antenna loop; The circuit board clearance spaces of all circuit (bag expands nonnumeric non-high-frequency circuit) enforcement ground wire is as far as possible covered copper." improved " diac, voltage stabilizing didoe differential concatenation isopulse that need not be common with " original " sinusoidal wave triggering in circuits for triggering trigger.

These are handled obviously can apply to plug or the socket of making the littler controlled in wireless of volume.

Fig. 1 C is equivalent to " switch element 0 " among Fig. 2 and " administration of power supply " 2 parts are amplified.

2. radio-frequency receiving-transmitting is by the switch on wall of the unified control of microprocessor.

Reception and transmission by same microprocessor processes switch key, switch element action, radiofrequency signal on the former position of the switch are characteristics of the present invention.Under the normal condition, microprocessor program is operated in the reception decoded state, reads radio circuit and receives the base-band digital sequence of sending here.Sending function increases by one and sends the conversion key realization on former on ﹠ off switch basis.On ﹠ off switch is carried out original switching function, and indicator light shows local on off operating mode.After pressing the transmission conversion key, original switch operating key just is converted to different transmission keys, after promptly pressing on ﹠ off switch again, microprocessor just is operated in transmit status, select and the corresponding code of this button, through what convert to is that the sequence of binary digits of unit is sent into transtation mission circuit again with the frame, realizes the control to other switch.Under transmit status, frame is constantly repeated to send up to decontroling button.

No matter be remote controller or the switch panel that moves, the button of all band sending functions all distributes different binary number before offering the user.Switch must be first with the training method setting before normal the use: the button of pressing a certain way switch from off-state (light fixture goes out) with hand constantly, continue about 3 seconds, light fixture is gone out (state of indicator light too) by bright change, at this moment switch enters training mode, button can unclamp, and training mode can continue about 10 seconds.If receive the coding of the repetition of sending from other switch panel or remote controller, to write down this coding and record on the nonvolatile storage together with the numbering of this button, training mode finishes, and gets back to normal condition.All codings in complete coding that microprocessor will be received each time and the nonvolatile storage compare.If find to have identical coding, just drive the coding specified switch of numbering subsequently.

In case switch has possessed transtation mission circuit, be controlled by microprocessor simultaneously, switch has just possessed the potentiality of automatic bidirectional transmission, forwarding information.

Not rely on battery also be one of characteristics of the present invention in the realization of transmission or reception and sending function on the switch.

3. switch execution unit, power supply separate with the movable of control assembly and other peripheral components

Because the introducing of forwarding step and circuit thereof, the light fixture of controlling on the former position of the switch no longer is limited to the former light fixture that connects, and controls which light fixture except that former light fixture, and controlling how many light fixtures should be determined by the user, and user's decision also should be modifiable.It also is continuous that product provider's exploitation simultaneously improves.One of characteristics of the present invention are that switch on wall is divided into relatively-stationary base and panel movably, connect with connector between the two.Base has switch element and low-voltage dc power supply panel that button, indicator light, microprocessor and peripheral circuit thereof are then arranged.Interface has embodied compatible thought: the base that the panel of different key number inserts different loads group number all is effective; The base that the panel of Light modulating type inserts non-light modulation also is effective.(towards all programmable device: MCU, SoC etc.) will be downloaded and be realized to product provider's new hardware, software with different panel-form or by the DLL (dynamic link library) on the connector.

4. afterflow device

Solving the half-open position problem is to insert network at electronic switch and light fixture indirect.When the switch on-state, energized and light fixture; During the switch off-state, keep the power supply of power supply, then realize insulation, also keeping the low-power consumption of switch for light fixture to switch.The half-open minimum current of afterflow device that is connect and light fixture is irrelevant.In addition, because the off-state power consumption of switch is relevant with the access load, the access of this afterflow device can make the off-state power consumption remain on floor level.This is the motivation that afterflow device is set.

5. handle based on the digital transmitting and receiving of program

These characteristics are special cases of characteristics 3.Still there is the machine time that can excavate in microprocessor.The digital transmitting and receiving processing is the optional module between microprocessor and the radio circuit, in order to improve quality of signals.The present invention is synchronous with (Line Code) line code, the digital phase-locking phase clock of software embedding, the Barker code associated frame is synchronous, processing such as encoding and decoding error correcting code can improve performance, saves hardware cost and power consumption, is to realize greater functionality reservation electric energy.The low speed wireless digital processing in other field cheaply during this part invention also can be used for.

6. the modeling structure of switch

For making the compact appearance of panel, the reception antenna of lowering extends in wall, and the base grooved hole cooperates, and makes it not interfere.

Be positioned at two switch on wall fixing holes on the wall, existing and ground are horizontal, also have to be vertical arrangement.For making a cover shell can keep certain design posture under different situations, the present invention has considered the scheme that panel and base can insert behind rotation one right angle.Purpose is the die cost that reduces to increase thus, trouble such as inconvenience is installed.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is the power taking schematic diagram of file formerly.

Figure 1B is that formerly file is used to produce the main switch of parasite current, switch ends following electric current of two kinds of loading conditions after zero passage contrast of time of damming when on-state.

Fig. 1 C is a power taking schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an entire block diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the base line map of realizing with polarized relay, about 1 milliampere of total power consumption.

Fig. 4 triggers the base line map that responsive gate pole controllable silicon is realized, about 0.25 milliampere of the every road of switches set power consumption with the optocoupler Darlington transistor

Fig. 5 exempts to cushion the base line map that controllable silicon is realized, about 5 milliamperes of the every road of switches set power consumption with the optocoupler zero cross fired.

Fig. 6 is the base line map of realizing with electromagnetic relay, about 9 milliamperes of the every road of switches set power consumption.

Fig. 7 is a kind of to have the line map that prolongs the light modulation base before the compatible connector.

Fig. 8 is the panel circuit figure that matches with one pole control type base.

Fig. 9 is in the panel with the pairing of bipolar control type base, one group I/O circuit diagram wherein, and remainder can be identical with last figure.

Figure 10 is afterflow device circuit diagram (in the frame of broken lines).

Figure 11 is the wiring board design of Fig. 5.

Figure 12 is the wiring board design of Fig. 4.

Figure 13 is that the panel wiring board of 5 bit switch key+teleswitches is removed the two sides ground wire and covered detail of design behind the copper.

Figure 14 A is the long frame format of baseband signal.

Figure 14 B is the short frame format of baseband signal.

Synchronization decisions process when Figure 15 is decoding.

Figure 16 is the flow chart of crucial execution in step, and Figure 17 to Figure 23 is a program circuit detail flowchart of finishing Figure 16 task.

Figure 17 is programming start and coding training flow process.

Figure 18 is a switch key scanning flow process.

Figure 19 is code word analysis, teleswitch scanning, hamming code flow process.

Figure 20 is a flow process of output of having no progeny in the clock.

Figure 21 has no progeny in the clock to distinguish the flow process of entering signal clock synchronization and frame synchronization.

Figure 22 has no progeny in the clock to enter data sampling and bit synchronous flow process respectively.

Figure 23 is that the error correction of (8,4) sign indicating number is entangled and deleted flow process.

Figure 24 is a switch integral body.Panel is joined 3 on ﹠ off switches+1 teleswitch.

Figure 25 is the button back side, and is middle recessed to reduce the panel integral thickness.Button can be done electric degree and handle, and do insulation and handles at nearly wiring board place.

Figure 26 is that the switch housing part decomposes, and comprises panel, intermediate and bottom.Wherein: the 1st, for settling the step that thicker part is pruned and formed on the panel.2 panels import the inclined-plane.3 panel elastic fastening hook patchholes, totally 8 on 4 limits.4 antenna holes.5 louvres.6 flexible-cable fairleads.7 bottom fixed screw approaching channels.8 base wiring board reference columns.

Figure 27 is a back side of panel.Wherein: 10 trips.11 wiring board setscrew nuts.The 12 antennas position of leaving a blank.

Figure 28 is the intermediate back side.Wherein: 9 wiring board positioning steps.13 connecter hole.

Figure 29 is a kind of profile of afterflow device.

Figure 30 is a kind of afterflow device shell inner face.

Figure 31 is for being fit to the intermediate that switch fixed screw vertical arrangement is revised.

Embodiment

The present invention is arranged in all parts on two wiring boards: a wiring board is laid switch element, power circuit, and it is positioned at base; Another piece wiring board is laid peripheral circuits such as microprocessor, radio-frequency (RF) transmit-receive circuit, button, indicator light, and it is positioned at panel.Connect with connector between two plates.

The base plate connector pin comprises power supply and switch control two parts, and power unit has:

GND---ground wire

+ 5V---use for 1 to 5 volt of device or circuit, as microprocessor, indicator light, radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit etc.

+ 12V---use for 5 to 12 volts of devices or circuit, as radio-frequency module, circuit etc.

Switching control section will be distinguished base and adopt dissimilar switch element and circuit.Different switches along separate routes consistent signal code and polarity standard to same type in the switches set.Except that ground wire, all signals all flow out from base, and control panel is positioned at low-pressure side (Low side).So both made things convenient for the Field Force to measure, and also can allow control element on the panel use the voltage devices of economize on electricity.

Three kinds of situations are arranged:

A) base is the switch element that the one pole type is only carried out logical operation, no matter be relay or controllable silicon, no matter switch is hilted broadsword type or double-pole type, also no matter how many trigger currents requires, panel only is responsible for current potential through drop-down over the ground as break-make indication light-emitting diode, the current limliting of electric current is responsible for by base, generally is no more than 20 milliamperes of light-emitting diode.Remember that each road holding wire is: LN0, LN1, LN2, LN3, LN4.Sequence number 0 is given one group that produces parasite current, below identical.

When B) base adopted the twin coil polarized relay, every way switch had two control line SET and RESET.Press the parameter of OMRON product, the SET current impulse of 10-20 millisecond can make switch be in on-state, and same RESET current impulse can make switch transfer off-state to.Remember that each road holding wire is: SET0, RESET0, SET1, RESET1, SET2, RESET2, SET3, RESET3, SET4, RESET4.If adopt unicoil, then require two control lines to bear bidirectional current, current direction does not satisfy above-mentioned requirements.

C) base is a light adjusting circuit.Because multiple novel light modulation scheme by special-purpose numeral or analog signal line enforcement, self-organizing system, belong to the category that upgrades but not transform, because the PWM light modulation is mainly implemented, on the switch on wall position, implement to still have problems such as comprising interference again on lamp ballasts.Thereby this consideration by the power line phase place the forward position light modulation and after prolong light modulation.External power zero cross signal detection line Z at first must be arranged.Every way switch has one to be respectively applied for the triggering control line that light modulation is prolonged in front and back, is designated as FT and BT.Because under identical conducting waveform area, the triggering of prolonging light modulation before after zero passage Ft and back constantly has following relation along the duration Bt of light modulation:

Ft=half cycle time-Bt

This means as long as every road increases an I/O line, hardly with increasing software overhead, the setting of the same light modulation intensity on the panel just prolong before the compatibility simultaneously, after prolong or the base (only from connector consideration itself) that mixes light modulation is prolonged in front and back.The Light modulating type panel inserts non-Light modulating type base, as long as its all-pass signal (180 degree) just can be realized compatibility for the switching signal non-pulse signal.

Unified A) type and B) interface of type is fully feasible, signal transformation is simple, just will increase cost.

The panel connector also has to microprocessor programming part except the pin position corresponding with base plate connector arranged, and both might be overlapping, sight path arrangement and different microprocessors and decide.

Connector with plate to the about 4.2mm of plate hight, pin spacing 1.27mm, the SMD connector of 2 rows * 10 pin, base is female with row, panel is with row's pin.Below be to arrange guide look by a kind of pin position that above-mentioned design is finished.

Pin number	Switching function	The JTAG programming
			?1 ?2 ?3 ?4 ?5 ?6 ?7 ?8 ?9 ?10 ?11 ?12 ?13 ?14 ?15 ?16 ?17 ?18 ?19 ?20	?Z ? ? ?+5V ?GND ?+12V ?LN0/SET0/FT0 ?RESET0/BT0 ?LN4/SET4/FT4 ?RESET4/BT4 ?RESET3/BT3 ?LN3/SET3/FT3 ?RESET2/BT2 ?LN2/SET2/FT2 ?RESET1/BT1 ?LN1/SET1/FT1 ? ? ? ?GND	? ?TDO ?TDI ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Vcc ?TMS ?TCK ?TEST

Introduce base circuit below.Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 lists four kinds of bases from small to large by power consumption and realizes circuit.Number of keys, button pattern producers can accept or reject voluntarily.Under the constant situation of total design current, the base power consumption is more little, and it is just many more to can be the electric weight that panel provides.

Circuit diagram has comprised the circuit details of power unit.On-state current limiting capacitance capacity is decided on supply current in a few microfarad to tens microfarads, is realized by electrodeless electrochemical capacitor.

The advantage that adopts the optocoupler Darlington to trigger responsive gate pole reverse-blocking tetrode thyristor is that power consumption is few.Shortcoming is that controllable silicon will add buffer circuit, takies big quantity space, even all will add afterflow device before every road lighting lantern.

Adopting the triggering of optocoupler zero cross fired device to exempt from buffering (Snubberless) controllable silicon has the buffer circuit of reducing to take up space, and reduces facilities such as afterflow device.Shortcoming is that power consumption heightens.

Adopt electromagnetic relay than semiconductor switch reliability height, caloric value is not subjected to power influences.Shortcoming is power consumption the highest (the about 0.2W of sensitive-type electromagnetic relay).

Above-mentioned three kinds all is the switch element circuit of one pole type control.To this, microprocessor can be with less control line.When many key panels inserted the switch of few shunt, the indicator light of unnecessary control access did not work naturally, and unnecessary button will be used for remote control.

It is energy-conservation that base adopts the advantage of polarized relay, has only the controllable silicon as power path that obvious thermal effect is arranged.Shortcoming is the bipolarity of control electrode.As not wanting to increase circuit complexity, microprocessor needs 2 control line (see figure 9)s of the many increases of every switch passage, when pressing the button of hollow passage, needs to detect earlier the decision of I/O eloquence and whether lights indicator light.Although energy-saving advantages is arranged, be difficult to the polarized relay that finds price and specification all suitable at present, excellent its is home made article (producer being arranged in research and development).

Switches set under the two-wire system is difficult to obtain zero cross signal or reference potential accurately.Prolong the circuit theory diagrams of light modulation base before Fig. 7 band zero line, be characterized in the topology point position at connector place, make panel to do cut control to the load of different passages according to zero cross signal.Prolong light modulation before at present existing light fixture chip or circuit support fluorescent lamp (Philips company), the halide lamp multiple light fixtures such as (Int Rectifier Corp).Then prolong and prolong light modulation before light modulation cost and complexity are higher than, market situation is not clear in general the application, only does to reserve to develop at this and considers.

The dimensions of switch on wall is not the same in the world, the specification of China with the close of Europe with local generally adopt different such as u.s.a. and japan.Must consider requirement such as relevant creepage distance and substrate insulativity in the GB16815.2-2000 safety standard during board design, Figure 10 is that substrate size is the board design of 55 * 55mm higher schematic diagram 4 of component density when (being fit to fixedly closing within the walls of inner wall area 〉=70 * 70mm), and the feasibility of volume is described.The subelement volume is bigger, as safety electric capacity etc., can not lay with cube formula of inserting of routine more for a long time in the switch grouping, can only add long lead, the cover insulating sleeve overlaps on the shorter element, again with melting glue or other method is fixed.Figure 11 is the board design of schematic diagram 5, and the space is looser.

Introduce panel circuit below.Fig. 8 is for cooperating a kind of panel circuit schematic diagram of one pole type switch element base.The microprocessor MSP430F11X1 of TI.As not considering compatible relay, can cushion without triode, and by micro processor leg directly drop-down (figure omits, and software slightly changes).

Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 8 must revise part when cooperating the bipolar switch component mount.Microprocessor is MSP430 F12X1.

Transtation mission circuit among the figure adopts simple Colpitts oscillation circuit, receiving circuit is a ultra-audio circuit, transmitting-receiving is shared channel, as 315Mhz, in this respect, technical staff in the industry can adopt the combination of many different known technologies fully, as SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) oscillator, superheterodyne reception, variod tuning, different modulation technique (OOK, ASK, FSK etc.), the transmission chip that provides by semiconductor manufacturers, receiving chip, transceiving chip (chip with frequency sweep automatic tuning capabilities that particularly Micrel company provides) or the like is as long as they are as the baseband signal of microprocessor and the converter between the transmission CF signal.And these technology are practicable at current drain and antenna by row.

In the circuit of Fig. 8, for saving the control line of microprocessor, when transtation mission circuit was worked, microprocessor did not cut off the power supply of receiving circuit and does not just read signal.For the general transmission CF signal transmission circuit of finishing baseband signal and the conversion of transmission CF signal, or chip, how the interface that the signal handler of microprocessor need only be looked this circuit is changed slightly with reference to handbook and to be got final product.Module that for example has or chip have the switching signal of receiving mode and sending mode etc.These work, the technical staff who generally is engaged in single-chip microcomputer can finish voluntarily.

Transmitting antenna is made of the thin copper of wiring board.Reception antenna is used perpendicular to the becket of wiring board and is done, and vertical direction makes compact conformation towards within the walls.The type loop aerial that hangs down helps reducing the interference that the ring-type wiring forms on the circuit board, but independent packing that can counter plate, changes and make troubles.At further reasonable line arrangement or there is other to suppress the method for disturbing,, make and disturb when being reduced to acceptable level through the surface treatment of electric conducting material etc. as the switch pedestal shell, reception antenna also can be made by the thin copper of wiring board.

Figure 12 is the panel circuit plate of 5 on ﹠ off switches+1 teleswitch, and size is 68 * 68mm.Dual-mode antenna all is a loop aerial, be positioned at the wiring board edge and with another wiring board prominence.Microprocessor is positioned at the side away from receiving circuit, another plate face (shell surface) of the type loop aerial that hangs down.

Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of afterflow device, it has utilized relay contact that the characteristics of higher release current are arranged, and is inc at this electric current lower contact, and this just makes the electric current that caused load to be in half-open position originally, but can not arrive load now, thereby satisfy the designing requirement of afterflow device.

When switch needs bigger off state current, can and connect capacitance resistance ware (dotted line place) before afterflow device.

The step that microprocessor program will be finished is seen Figure 16.Specifically constitute by main circulating program and interrupt routine.

The main circulating program deadline requires relatively slow processing, comprise, the error correction of manual command analysis, signal content analysis, (8,4) Hamming code coding, (8,4) sign indicating number with entangle the training of deleting, encode.Flow process is seen Figure 17-19, Figure 23.In Figure 17 and Figure 18, manual instruction analysis is decomposed into switch key scanning and sends conversion key scanning.Interrupt routine arrives when putting break period at timer and carries out, deadline requires comparatively faster processing, comprise the baseband signal transmitting-receiving, comprise that clock synchronization, frame synchronization, diphase code (be not difficult to be generalized to other bit synchronization line code, as pulse-width modulation PWM, only be example with the diphase code at this) transmitting-receiving, distortion differentiation, delete bit record, syndrome calculate.Flow process is seen Figure 20-22.Should note elaborating again after a while having at least two programs and move simultaneously in the section sometime.

Definition lower right corner button is for sending conversion key at present.All buttons are all used the method for time measurement to do burr and are handled, and are chronomere's (not refinement is true) with a program cycle.When having strict economize on electricity to limit, to adopting the base of polarized relay, the time of broadening can be considered proper extension, so that there is the accumulation of energy filtered electrical to have enough charging intervals.To the touch-type button, be continuous square wave in pressing the formation signal thus, during the time, 0 level uses+2 with-1,1 level at the accumulative total button.

All there is a binary system to number substantially in all switch panels and the remote controller, long 64.The button of same device with No. 0, No. 1 ..., n-1 number numbering, basic numbering add numbering promptly this button send coding.Have 2 ⁶⁴Individual available code (the part coding is kept by system, and the code length power of amendment also keeps).

64 bit codes per 4 by the expansion Hamming code (8,4) be encoded into 128, making minimum distance is 4, is encoded into 256 chips with diphase code again, making chip one-level minimum distance is 8, code word comprises complete 0 all-ones word.This 256 chip will be put into Frame.About 200 microseconds of every chip time.

Frame has two kinds of optional structures, and a kind of is 1010.。。The clock synchronization section add Barker code and add diphase code data segment (Figure 14 A).The advantage of this structure is not surpass 0 or 1 of 3 chips continuously, helps anti-interference.Shortcoming is that the clock synchronization segment length must be suitable with data segment, length, otherwise decoder might finish clock synchronization at data segment and begin to enter frame synchronization, misses next time clock synchronization opportunity when synchronization failure resets by the time again, and the result is difficult to receive correct data.Another kind of structure is that The initial segment 1 adds sync section 0 and adds start bit and add diphase code data segment (Figure 14 B).Compare with last structure and to have saved the Barker code sync section, below the decoding of last structure only is discussed.

Before data segment is not done further definition, all give the switch coding.The clock synchronization section provides the reference time that is no less than 5 quarter-phases, so that have after continuous 3 deletions synchronous again.

Whole receiving course all needs to carry out with over-sampling (Oversampling is greater than 2 times of signal rate).For example to the chip of 200 microseconds, the over-sampling number of times is 4 o'clock, will adopt the even clock that is spaced apart 50 microseconds to interrupt.

The digital phase-locked process of receiving terminal and transmitting terminal clock synchronization: if receive uniform 1010.。。Chip is sampled S time under intrinsic interrupt clock C altogether, gets the N chip, then gets chip time T m=SC/N.Non-integer error ATm=C/N.If requiring the over-sampling number of times is K, then new (interruption) clock is Tm/K=SC/ (NK).

Software is realized the Barker code computing than the hardware complexity, but the present invention adopts look-up table that computing is simplified.If c1 is current reception chip, c2.。。, c7 is a chip in the past, b1, and b2.。。, b7 is 7 Barker codes, level is done (0,1) → (1,1) conversion, then

The Barker code correlation function:

$B({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="c"\; filenames="A200410051910.900161.png,A200410051910.900271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_1,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="c"\; filenames="A200410051910.900141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_2,\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,c_7)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{7}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_i{b}_i=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_i{b}_i+\underset{i=5}{\overset{7}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{c}_i{b}_i=B_1({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="c"\; filenames="A200410051910.900161.png,A200410051910.900271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_1,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="c"\; filenames="A200410051910.900141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_2,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="c"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}_3,c_4)+B_2(c_5,c_6,c_7)$

The B1 independent variable has 16 kinds of values, and the B2 independent variable has 8 kinds of values, and B1, B2 can calculate earlier, then with the acquisition of tabling look-up.As:

B ₂(0，0，0)＝-3???B ₂(0，0，1)＝-1???B ₂(0，1，0)＝-1???B ₂(0，1，1)＝1

B ₂(1，0，0)＝1????B ₂(1，0，1)＝1????B ₂(1，1，0)＝1????B ₂(1，1，1)＝3

When B reaches decision threshold (as=5), show that present chip has constantly reached frame synchronization, enter the diphase code decoding.

Delete bit utilizes over-sampling to differentiate phase distortion and form, and also other method such as available majority voting realizes.

B (J), S (J), L (J) are respectively bit synchronization point, sampled point and the bit synchronization search upper limits (referring to Figure 15) of diphase code.J is the synchronous state number, represents continuous nonsynchronous state, is 0 normally, have one continuously asynchronous be 1, so analogize.B, S, J are only relevant with K under new clock, can be stored among the ROM or+computing of K tries to achieve.

Error correction is entangled to delete to be arranged in and is interrupted in the outer major cycle, as long as (16 chip) finished and just do not influenced normal reception in a code word.

If receive word R=(R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₅, R ₆, R ₇, R ₈).Generator matrix G, the check matrix H of (8,4) Hamming code are respectively

$G=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}1& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 1& 1& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 1& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$ $H^T=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{h}_{11}& h_{21}& h_{31}& h_{41}\\ h_{12}& h_{22}& h_{32}& h_{42}\\ h_{13}& h_{23}& h_{33}& h_{43}\\ h_{14}& h_{24}& h_{34}& h_{44}\\ h_{15}& h_{25}& h_{35}& h_{45}\\ h_{16}& h_{26}& h_{36}& h_{46}\\ h_{17}& h_{27}& h_{37}& h_{47}\\ h_{18}& h_{28}& h_{38}& h_{48}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 1& 1& 0& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 1& 1& 0\\ 1& 0& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$

Decode procedure calculates syndrome S earlier

$S^T={\left({\mathrm{RH}}^T\right)}^T=\left[\begin{array}{c}{S}_4\\ S_3\\ S_2\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="A200410051910.900161.png,A200410051910.900271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{R}_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{11}+R_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900141.png,A200410051910.900161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{12}+R_3{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="13"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900171.png,A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{13}+R_4{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="14"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900141.png,A200410051910.900161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{14}+R_5{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="15"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{15}+R_6{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="16"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900141.png,A200410051910.900161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{16}+R_7{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="17"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900161.png,A200410051910.900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{17}+R_8{h}_{18}\\ R_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="21"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{21}+R_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="22"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{22}+R_3{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="23"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{23}+R_4{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="24"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900171.png,A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{24}+R_5{h}_{25}+R_6{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="26"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{26}+R_7{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="27"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{27}+R_8{h}_{28}\\ R_1{h}_{31}+R_2{h}_{32}+R_3{h}_{33}+R_4{h}_{34}+R_5{h}_{35}+R_6{h}_{36}+R_7{h}_{37}+R_8{h}_{38}\\ R_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="41"\; label="h"\; filenames="A200410051910.900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_{41}+R_2{h}_{42}+R_3{h}_{43}+R_4{h}_{44}+R_5{h}_{45}+R_6{h}_{46}+R_7{h}_{47}+R_8{h}_{48}\end{array}\right]$

Can calculate like this: each is received position R _iIf, skip for 0, if 1 to [h _I1, h _I2, h _I3, h _I4] add up with XOR, after R8 handled, accumulation result was the syndrome value.S in the syndrome ₀, S ₁, S ₂With the relation of error pattern e be

??S 0，S 1，S 2	??101	??111	??011	??110	????001	????010	??100
								??e	??00000001	??00000010	??00000100	??00001000	?00010000	?00100000	??01000000

In conjunction with S ₄Classics judgements be:

Situation 1 is as check results (S ₄, S ₃, S ₂, S ₁)=(000) think the time that reception is errorless.

Situation 2 is worked as S ₄=1, (S ₃, S ₂, S ₁) ≠ (000) thinking the time has 1 mistake, and R+e is decoding.

Situation 3 is worked as S ₄=0, (S ₃, S ₂, S ₁) ≠ (000) think more than one even number mistake to have occurred the decoding failure time.

Situation 4; Work as S ₄=1, (S ₃, S ₂, S ₁) be 0 o'clock entirely, think more than one odd number mistake to have occurred, judge the decoding failure.

(8,4) sign indicating number can entangle 1 delete, 2 delete, 1 mistake 1 is deleted, 3 delete.Error correction procedure is that complete 0 and complete 1 twice substitution syndrome calculated, and gets the error pattern minimum, just can finish to entangle and delete.With 3 delete bits is example, and 3 delete bits have 2 ³May arrange (ignoring wherein each particular location in 8 (8,4) sign indicating number) for=8 kinds: 000,001,010,100,011,101,110,111., in preceding 4 kinds of possibilities, obtain as actual delete bit by the process of substitution 0; Actual delete bit is obtained by the process of substitution 1 in back 4 kinds of possibilities.

After entering training mode, receive and receive two identical coded sequences continuously and just think and train successfully.The memory form of storage is after training: coding+switch channel number.Normal running enters the code word analysis after decoding is finished down.Figure 19 is simple analysis flow process.After from nonvolatile storage, checking in coding, get corresponding switch channel number (actuating code in the flow chart) and just can pass through the port driver switch element.

Simple signal forwarding, as long as in " order analysis " and " fill order " module of flow chart, the code that receives is done necessary conversion by the needs that send, becomes object code, object code is delivered to the transmission buffering area, put transmit status again and just can realize.

More than handle and be fit to various base band/transmission CF signal translation circuit (Fig. 2).

The use of line code makes us needn't worry to have in the signal " 0 " or " 1 " at long interval, even if with a hook at the end word in the coding, as long as but certain continuity is arranged, programme by the auto-increment of universal programmer and also can realize programming in batches easily.

For a more detailed description to flow chart more below, see each step of how finishing Figure 16.

Enter step 100 before the major cycle and need to judge whether to remove that all have been trained and be stored in coding (step 101) in the nonvolatile storage, select for use for the user.Reception 102 starting points that system can be in handle a Frame that reset can be realized by subprogram, relate to the step 197 that variable, pointer, sign etc. are seen Figure 22.Because under normal circumstances, system operates under the accepting state, so step 103 is put the accepting state sign before entering major cycle, and open the interruption to timer.

The step of " recovery baseband receiving signals " is from the step 169 of Figure 21, and once interrupting is to receive the minimum time unit of measuring.Recover respectively distributing by step 170 step by step of baseband receiving signals, can realize by an indirectly transferring instruction.Each has step by step:

1) reception resets and appears at the preceding Figure 17 step 102 of program running, or can not find the step 186 of Figure 21 of frame swynchronization code when can not find effective clock synchronization section or entering frame synchronization, or the step 196 of the Figure 22 when the diphase code bit synchronization is failed, or the step 226 of entangling the Figure 17 after deleting failure in error correction.

2) it is disconnected that clock synchronization is attempted reading among Figure 14 A clock synchronization.Run to step 174 expression and do not detect phase transformation yet, be in the count measurement in the chip.Interruption is returned wait and is interrupted next time.Whether then enter step 175 and do level recording earlier if detect phase transformation, opening measured signal to step 176 is equidistant square wave (1010.。。), if not just return reset mode by step 186.If square wave is just write down length in step 177, and the zero clearing before step 178 writes down next chip measurement of number of chips and preparation of successfully passing through to measure.Step 179 sees whether the number of chips that detected reaches the quantity of minimum requirements, if then by aforementioned formula new timer interrupt clock is set, the moving cursor of preparing to enter the sampled point of frame synchronization, mobile step 170 to frame synchronization, prepare the frame synchronization data, interrupt otherwise return wait next time.

3) frame synchronization finds the intermediate point of chip by step 181, calculates the Barker code correlation that receives word in step 182, tables look-up and just can realize by a relative addressing instruction.Still synchronously the time, show that correct restoring signal is hopeless through certain chip count, should in time reset by step 185.Step 184 shows that frame synchronization is successful, and prepare for entering the diphase code sampling: moving cursor to the diphase code that sampling location, mobile step 170 are set is sampled.The synchronous state zero clearing.Synchronous state J be reflect run into continuously can not be synchronous situation, be mainly used under not having outer synchronizing information situation, it is blind synchronous to utilize self information to do, and sees Figure 15 for details.Synchronous state is zero when normal condition or the success of diphase code bit synchronization.So-called self information is exactly: sampling point position S (J), transformation temperature position B (J) and transformation temperature search upper limit L (J).

4) the diphase code sampling is after the step 187 of Figure 22 arrives sampled point (chip mid point), and step 193 is write down data level, and the moving cursor of mobile step 170 is to bit synchronization.

5) after bit synchronization detected phase transformation, step 202 and step 203 read fortune displacement were equipped with undistorted.If undistorted, just finish the calculating (matrix numerical value is searched) of above-mentioned syndrome in curing data in step 201, mainly be mould two and add up.R0 and R1 be respectively the hypothesis delete bit be 0 and delete bit be 1 o'clock formed reception word, for entangling when deleting computing, do complete 0 and bring into the step of complete 1 substitution and use.For non-delete bit, R0 and R1 enter with actual place value.If detect phase distortion, just enter Synchronous Processing again, obtain synchronously at next bit with expectation.Step 194 and step 195 judgement surpass 3 as one of synchronous state, delete bit number, and receiving course will reset heavily to come.Because synchronously, so present bit is a delete bit, at this moment in step 205, R0 and R1 will not enter with 0 and 1 respectively.And in (8,4) sign indicating number who write down the delete bit position with array E (i) be, i is the number of current delete bit in the code word.Step 200 is retracted the diphase code sampling with the moving cursor of step 170.Step 198 is preserved deal with data after step 199 is differentiated a full code word, prepare next code word and handle.Because the processing time of bit synchronization step is the longest, directly influence the processing speed of whole system, experienced programmer can move on to short step of processing time to section processes as step 198, in the diphase code sampling, does necessary handing-over with signal lamp again and handles.It is exactly a signal lamp that the putting of step 198 separated code mark, the finishing of its sign person's a " recovery baseband receiving signals " code word of processing with the interrupt routine processing section, and remaining step will be given the error correction that is in the Figure 23 in the major cycle and be entangled and delete step.

6) error correction is entangled and is deleted in major cycle, separates code mark and works in the step 104 of Figure 17.Step 206 is utilized the syndrome of finishing in the interrupt routine, and the classical judgement of aforementioned (8,4) sign indicating number is finished with subprogram 207, obtains error pattern e.Whether step 214 is looked into needs to entangle to delete, and entangles and deletes if no delete bit is just finished error correction through step 225 and step 224.Having under the situation of delete bit, first syndrome is actual be with 0 substitution delete bit calculate syndrome, second syndrome be with 1 substitution delete bit calculate syndrome.Obvious second syndrome equals the H rectangular array of the first syndrome mould two and all delete bit correspondences.Promptly second syndrome is finished by step 215, step 216, step 217 and step 218.Through step 219 another error pattern e1 that reentries.Step 220 is differentiated the decoding failure, and step 221, step 222 and step 223 obtain minimal error pattern and successfully decoding.

7) data preparation is entangled step 105 or the step 226 that the success or not of deleting directly enters Figure 17 according to error correction.If step 106 detects the data byte of a frame and receives, at this moment system just temporarily need can not close interruption with speed up processing in step 108 in received signal.Data preparation finishes the back in open again interruption of step 116 and the reception of preparation next frame.Step 117 is removed signal lamp, and this part program is just moved when putting signal lamp next time.

The step that " stores and train coding " is after step 109 differentiation is in training mode: in step 110 data of receiving and the content of training buffer memory are compared earlier, as inconsistent, just in step 111 data moved into and train buffer memory; As the content unanimity, just see to have in the nonvolatile storage and endlessly deposit coding, if any just replacing the corresponding switching value packing of orders of this coding in step 113 in step 112; Add memory queue as just will just not recovering to obtain coding together with the switching value packing of orders in step 114.Find out that from stride 115 pointer that adds formation is that circulation is moved.Note not removing the training sign yet in the program in this section.As not training sign, just turn to " signal content analysis " in step 109.

The step of " switching value instruction analysis " by the Port Multiplier step 118 of a similar step 170, resolves into the thread that the single switch amount is only handled in each circulation with the same program of handling all switching values earlier referring to Figure 18, Figure 19.Processing comprises step by step following:

1) button burr filtration step 119 → step 120 → step 121 is read the button port, represent to have button to press (when realizing contact witch at this with port level=1 with circuit shown in Figure 8, pressing signal is square wave), 0 level represent button unclamp → step 122 → step 123 → step 124 → step 125 → step 126 leaves thread.

2) button is confirmed step 118 → step 119 → step 120 → step 121 → step 122 → step 123 → step 124 → step 125 → step 131 → step 133 → step 134.

3) the overtime filtration step 118 → step 119 of button → step 120 → step 121 → step 122 → step 123.

4) button unclamps step 118 → step 119 → step 120 → step 121 → step 138 → step 139.

5) enter physical training condition step 118 → step 119 → step 120 → step 121 → step 122 → step 123 → step 124 → step 127 → step 128.

6) conversion keys functional steps 146 → step 157.

7) select coding step 118 → step 119 to be sent → step 120 → step 121 → step 122 → step 123 → step 124 → step 125 → step 131 → step 133 → step 134 → step 135 → step 136 → step 146 → step 147 → step 148 → step 149 → step 150 → step 151 → step 153 → step 151 → step 154 → step 156 → step 155.Step 151 is subprograms of generator matrix G computing.

" signal content analysis " mainly is searching in nonvolatile storage in Figure 19, extracts data.

" change the state of switch element " and have only a step, step 137 in this example.

" structure base band transmit sequence " step is seen Figure 20, comprises step by step followingly, and the Port Multiplier 159 by similar step 170 distributes equally:

1) output clock synchronization section step 160 is with 1010.。。Sequence is in the output repeated several times.Step 164 is pins of mobile step 159.

2) output frame sync section step 161 moves to left one to output with Barker code at every turn from memory, up to finishing.

3) the each chip that sends of dateout diphase code step 162 → step 163 → step 165 → step 166 → step 167.

On the shell of switch, the adaptability of switch fixed screw vertical arrangement is considered to divide that two kinds of situations are arranged, the one, the base wiring board is all followed rotation together with connecing device during the base rotation, and the connector of panel is followed rotation, and the panel wiring board will be changed, panel appearance motionless (seeing Figure 26).The 2nd, during the base rotation, base plate connector is motionless, and at this moment the intermediate of base wiring board, base shell part will change (Figure 31), and panel can not adopt the loop antenna of downward lowering, otherwise interferes with fixed screw.

Need by instrument when requiring the panel dismounting by the elastic force of the requirement panel trip of GB16815.1-1997.The base bottom must compress the flexible-cable lead-in wire.

The further consideration of afterflow device is a compression volume how, makes it can put into the lamp bracket of thin type.Figure 30 shows that the inner face of afterflow device shell has the impression of element and wiring board, and purpose is that shell can be kept certain intensity (doing skeleton has any problem) when reducing thickness.

Claims (2)

1. be connected the insertion network between load and the electronic AC switch: when the electronic switch off-state, keep the supplying electric current to electronic switch, disconnection is connected with load; When the electronic switch on-state, the connection that is connected of load and power supply.

2. according to claim 1, be connected insertion network between load and the electronic AC switch by what decompression capacitor, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, relay constituted: when the electronic switch off-state, keep the supplying electric current to electronic switch, relay disconnects and being connected of load; When the electronic switch on-state, relay is connected load, makes the connection that is connected of load and power supply.

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