CN1600831A - Technique of solid phase heat carrier for recycle cracking heavy oil and gasification technique - Google Patents

Technique of solid phase heat carrier for recycle cracking heavy oil and gasification technique Download PDF

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CN1600831A
CN1600831A CN 03157570 CN03157570A CN1600831A CN 1600831 A CN1600831 A CN 1600831A CN 03157570 CN03157570 CN 03157570 CN 03157570 A CN03157570 A CN 03157570A CN 1600831 A CN1600831 A CN 1600831A
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gas
oil
solid
thermal barrier
solid phase
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田原宇
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Abstract

Raw material heavy oil at temp. of 150-340 deg.C is fed, by high efficiency atomizing nozzle, into the middle down-flow lift-pipe, said atomized oil being then heated by solid phase heat-carrier, at temp. of 750-950 deg.C, falling down-from the top of gasifying fluidized bed, and then being gasified and cracked, both oil and carrier falling down to the bottom and proceeding gas/solid separation; and oil gas fed into fractional column for separation, the carrier being then fed into up flow life-pipe for air burning-off of coke, after the the temp. being rised to 800-1200 deg.C, proceeding gas/solid separation; high temp. fume being fed into waste heat boiler to produce over-heat steam at temp. of 200-1000 deg.C, then fed into fluidized bed, then solid-gas separation; said gas being as product being pumped off, said solid carrier being recircled to down-flow life-pipe.

Description

Circulation cracking of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier and gasifying process
1. technical field
The invention provides circulation cracking of a kind of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier and gasifying process, belong to the refining of petroleum field.
2. background technology
The heavy oil lighting is one of important topic of various countries, world today refining of petroleum.Residual oil content height in the most of crude oil of China, lightweight oil content is low, and the introduction of continuous growth of some mink cell focuses (viscous crude) output in recent years and the external heavy crude of part makes heavy oil lighting problem more outstanding in addition.The heavy oil upgrading method often has methods such as catalytic cracking, solvent deasphalting, visbreaking, coking, thermally splitting, heavy-oil hydrogenation, generally speaking, nothing more than hydrogenation and decarburization two big classes, wherein heavy oil decarburization processing is the main mode of current refining of petroleum, and the reasonable utilization of deviating from carbon does not obtain fine solution always.In heavy oil solid phase carrier circulation cracking technology, mainly contain heavy oil catalytic pyrolysis, flexicoking, fluid coking, heavy oil fluidized upgrading etc.Heavy oil catalytic pyrolysis is except that the purpose product that obtains (petrol and diesel oil and alkene industrial chemicals), the carbon residue that the removes heat release of in revivifier, burning, part heatable catalyst is as the cracked thermal source, a part is sent outside with heat collector heat-obtaining generation steam or is generated electricity, low about 500 ℃-650 ℃ of temperature of reaction, higher to the heavy oil ingredient requirement, do not reach fully effectively utilizing to petroleum resources; Low about 350 ℃-600 ℃ of flexicoking and fluid coking temperature of reaction, it mainly is the wax tailings of producing coker gasoline, diesel oil and being used as fcc raw material, char combustion partly circulates and produces synthetic gas as thermal barrier, partial gasification, but the cracking overlong time, yield of light oil is lower; Heavy oil fluidized upgrading (as the ART technology of Engelhardt moral exploitation, the HCC technology of Luoyang Petrochemical designing institute etc.) adopts the circulating fluidized bed technique similar to heavy oil catalytic cracking process, about 400 ℃-600 ℃ of temperature of reaction, the cracking time is short, yield of light oil is higher, but the carbon residue that removes is not utilized effectively always.How most economical, cleaning, the most reasonable and good these non-renewable petroleum resources of maximum using have become the urgent key subjects to be solved of China's oil worker.
3. summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides circulation cracking of a kind of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier and gasifying process for the deficiency that overcomes the prior art existence.
The invention provides circulation cracking of a kind of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier and gasifying process.The heavy oil that will be preheating to 150 ℃-340 ℃ with the high-efficient atomizing nozzle sprays into the middle part of riser tube from the opening for feed of descending riser tube, and mist of oil is by 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of heating of high temperature solid-state thermal barrier, vaporization and cracking falling from the gasification fluidized-bed; Oil gas and solid phase thermal barrier run down to the bottom of riser tube and carry out gas solid separation; Oil gas advances separation column to be separated; Contain and enter up riser tube behind the burnt solid phase thermal barrier stripping and burn device and carry out air and burn, after temperature rises to 800 ℃-1200 ℃, carry out gas solid separation; High-temperature flue gas advances the waste heat boiler heat exchange and produces 200 ℃ of-1000 ℃ of superheated vapour air feed usefulness; 800 ℃-1200 ℃ contain burnt high temperature solid-state thermal barrier and be preheating to 200-1000 ℃ of overheated steam enters the gasification fluidized-bed gasification; The water-gas that gasification is produced is gas solid separation again, and gas is exported as product, and 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of high temperature solid-state thermal barrier enter descending riser tube from the inlet of descending riser tube, recycles as the thermal source of heavy oit pyrolysis.The present invention will be described in detail characteristics of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
4. description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is conversion unit of the present invention and principle schematic.
1. synthetic gas separator, 2. flow gasification bed, 3. descending riser tube, 4. high-efficient atomizing nozzle, 5. oil-gas separator, 6. solid phase carrier stripper, 7. up riser tube, 8. flue gas heat exchange device, 9. solid phase carrier separator 10. syngas outlet 11. splitting gases export 12. exhanst gas outlets, 13. interchanger high-temperature steams and export 16. gas inlets, 17. interchanger steam-ins, 15. gasifier bed steam-ins, 14. stripper steam-ins
5. embodiment
Embodiment 1, the heavy oil that will be preheating to 150 ℃-340 ℃ with high-efficient atomizing nozzle (4) sprays into the middle part of descending riser tube (3), 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of heating of high temperature semicoke, vaporization and cracking that mist of oil is fallen from flow gasification bed (2) from the opening for feed of descending riser tube (3); Oil gas and semicoke run down to the bottom of descending riser tube (3) and carry out gas solid separation by oil-gas separator (5); Oil gas advances separation column from splitting gas outlet (11) to be separated; Entering up riser tube (7) behind the high-temperature vapor stripping that semicoke is entered by the stripper steam-in (14) from solid phase carrier stripper (6) bottom carries out air and burns, after temperature rises to 800 ℃-1200 ℃, carry out gas solid separation by solid phase carrier separator (9); High-temperature flue gas advances flue gas heat exchange device (8) heat exchange from exhanst gas outlet (12) and produces 200 ℃ of-1000 ℃ of high-temperature water vapor air feed usefulness; 800 ℃-1200 ℃ semicoke and enter gasification fluidized-bed reaction gasification from the high-temperature vapor that gasifier bed steam-in (15) enter; The water-gas that gasification is produced carries out gas solid separation by synthetic gas separator (1) again, export as product from the gas that syngas outlet (10) is come out, 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of high temperature semicokes enter descending riser tube (3) from the inlet of descending riser tube (3), recycle as the heavy oit pyrolysis thermal source.
Embodiment 2, the heavy oil that will be preheating to 150 ℃-340 ℃ with high-efficient atomizing nozzle (4) sprays into the middle part of descending riser tube (3), 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of heating of high temperature Wingdale, vaporization and cracking that mist of oil is fallen from flow gasification bed (2) from the opening for feed of descending riser tube (3); Oil gas carries out gas solid separation with the bottom that the Wingdale that contains Jiao runs down to descending riser tube (3) by oil-gas separator (5); Oil gas advances separation column to be separated; Contain burnt Wingdale and behind solid phase carrier stripper (6) stripping, enter up riser tube (7) and carry out air and burn, after temperature rises to 950 ℃-1200 ℃, carry out gas solid separation by solid phase carrier separator (9); High-temperature flue gas advances flue gas heat exchange device (8) heat exchange and produces 200 ℃ of-1000 ℃ of superheated vapour air feed usefulness; 800 ℃-1200 ℃ contain burnt Wingdale and be preheating to 200-1000 ℃ of overheated steam enters the gasification fluidized-bed gasification, the CO that produces in the gasification 2With the Wingdale reaction of calcining back, emit heat water supply steam gasification and use; The water-gas that gasification is produced carries out gas solid separation by synthetic gas separator (1) again, and gas is exported as product, and 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of high temperature Wingdales enter descending riser tube (3) from the inlet of descending riser tube (3), recycle as the heavy oit pyrolysis thermal source.
Embodiment 3, the heavy oil that will be preheating to 150 ℃-340 ℃ with high-efficient atomizing nozzle (4) sprays into the middle part of descending riser tube (3), 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of heating of high temperature rhombspar, vaporization and cracking that mist of oil is fallen from flow gasification bed (2) from the opening for feed of descending riser tube (3); Oil gas carries out gas solid separation with the bottom that the rhombspar that contains Jiao runs down to descending riser tube (3) by oil-gas separator (5); Oil gas advances separation column to be separated; Contain burnt rhombspar and behind solid phase carrier stripper (6) stripping, enter up riser tube (7) and carry out air and burn, after temperature rises to 950 ℃-1200 ℃, carry out gas solid separation by solid phase carrier separator (9); High-temperature flue gas advances flue gas heat exchange device (8) heat exchange and produces 200 ℃ of-1000 ℃ of superheated vapour air feed usefulness; 800 ℃-1200 ℃ contain burnt rhombspar and be preheating to 200-1000 ℃ of overheated steam enters the gasification fluidized-bed gasification, the CO that produces in the gasification 2With the rhombspar reaction of calcining back, emit heat water supply steam gasification and use; The water-gas that gasification is produced carries out gas solid separation by synthetic gas separator (1) again, and gas is exported as product, and 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of high temperature rhombspars enter descending riser tube (3) from the inlet of descending riser tube (3), recycle as the heavy oit pyrolysis thermal source.
A kind of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier provided by the present invention circulation cracking and gasifying process, with the quick cracking heavy oil of the ultrashort contact of descending riser tube high temperature, yield of light oil improves 1%-5% relatively; Utilize up riser tube to contain the quick air of burnt solid phase thermal barrier and burn, equipment is simple, burn the intensity height; High temperature contains burnt solid phase thermal barrier and high-temperature vapor to carry out fluidized gasification and makes synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas cost reduces (being about 50%) greatly, and gasification intensity is big, and equipment volume is little, and steel consumption is low, and fixed investment reduces greatly; Atmospheric operation is simple, and the start-stop car is convenient, and continuity is good, and oil kind adaptability is strong; Utilize Wingdale or white clouds masonry thermal barrier, realized that inside reactor divides desulfurization, has simplified scavenging process; With Wingdale or white clouds masonry thermal barrier, calcium oxide and CO have been utilized 2Thermopositive reaction has reduced the recycle ratio of solid phase thermal barrier; Institute's production of synthetic gas is formed the same with the water-gas of hard coal intermittent gasification, helps the requirement that green fuel dimethyl ether is produced the most; Petroleum resources obtain fully effectively utilizing, and have realized that heavy oil does not have scorification processing.

Claims (2)

1. heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier circulation cracking and gasifying process.It is characterized in that will be preheating to 150 ℃-340 ℃ heavy oil with the high-efficient atomizing nozzle sprays into the middle part of riser tube from the opening for feed of descending riser tube, mist of oil is by 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of heating of high temperature solid-state thermal barrier, vaporization and cracking falling from the gasification fluidized-bed; Oil gas and solid phase thermal barrier run down to the bottom of riser tube and carry out gas solid separation; Oil gas advances separation column to be separated; Contain and enter up riser tube behind the burnt solid phase thermal barrier stripping and burn device and carry out air and burn, after temperature rises to 800 ℃-1200 ℃, carry out gas solid separation; High-temperature flue gas advances the waste heat boiler heat exchange and produces 200 ℃ of-1000 ℃ of superheated vapour air feed usefulness; 800 ℃-1200 ℃ contain burnt high temperature solid-state thermal barrier and be preheating to 200-1000 ℃ of overheated steam enters the gasification fluidized-bed gasification; The water-gas that gasification is produced is gas solid separation again, and gas is exported as product, and 750 ℃ of-950 ℃ of high temperature solid-state thermal barrier enter descending riser tube from the inlet of descending riser tube, recycles as the thermal source of heavy oit pyrolysis.
2. according to circulation cracking of a kind of heavy oil solid phase thermal barrier and gasifying process that claim 1 provided, it is characterized in that the solid phase thermal barrier is oil semicoke, Wingdale or rhombspar.
CN 03157570 2003-09-25 2003-09-25 Technique of solid phase heat carrier for recycle cracking heavy oil and gasification technique Pending CN1600831A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101481626A (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-15 山东科技大学 Process for producing spherical coke by cracking heavy oil
CN102115675A (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Heavy oil lightening method and device
CN102453511A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing synthesis gas by coupled processing of coal and heavy oil
CN102453510A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Combined processing method of copyrolysis of heavy oil and coal
CN102453493A (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Fractionating column feeding method for improving yield of distillate oil
CN102453512A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Processing method for heavy oil and coal copyrolysis
CN102965138A (en) * 2012-11-16 2013-03-13 中国石油大学(华东) Double-reaction-tube semi-coke circulating bed pyrolysis, gasification and coupling process of heavy oil
CN103450923A (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-18 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for thermal contact lightening of heavy oil
CN103820170A (en) * 2014-02-21 2014-05-28 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司碳氢高效利用技术研究中心 Apparatus for converting tar component and carbonaceous particles in raw gas, and method thereof
CN104232147A (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Lightweight treatment process of heavy oil
CN104312622A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-01-28 华玉叶 Processing method for heavy oil

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101481626A (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-15 山东科技大学 Process for producing spherical coke by cracking heavy oil
CN101481626B (en) * 2008-01-11 2013-10-23 山东科技大学 Process for producing spherical coke by cracking heavy oil
CN102115675A (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Heavy oil lightening method and device
CN102115675B (en) * 2009-12-30 2015-05-20 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Heavy oil lightening method and device
CN102453512B (en) * 2010-10-22 2013-11-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Processing method for heavy oil and coal copyrolysis
CN102453511A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing synthesis gas by coupled processing of coal and heavy oil
CN102453510A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Combined processing method of copyrolysis of heavy oil and coal
CN102453512A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Processing method for heavy oil and coal copyrolysis
CN102453493A (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Fractionating column feeding method for improving yield of distillate oil
CN102453493B (en) * 2010-10-26 2014-04-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Fractionating column feeding method for improving yield of distillate oil
CN103450923A (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-18 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for thermal contact lightening of heavy oil
CN103450923B (en) * 2012-06-01 2015-02-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for thermal contact lightening of heavy oil
CN102965138A (en) * 2012-11-16 2013-03-13 中国石油大学(华东) Double-reaction-tube semi-coke circulating bed pyrolysis, gasification and coupling process of heavy oil
CN104232147A (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Lightweight treatment process of heavy oil
CN104232147B (en) * 2013-06-21 2016-04-13 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of heavy oil lightweight treatment technique
CN103820170A (en) * 2014-02-21 2014-05-28 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司碳氢高效利用技术研究中心 Apparatus for converting tar component and carbonaceous particles in raw gas, and method thereof
CN103820170B (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-09-02 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司碳氢高效利用技术研究中心 The conversion system of the coal-tar middle oil component of a kind of raw gas and carbonaceous particles and method
CN104312622A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-01-28 华玉叶 Processing method for heavy oil

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