CN1598345A

CN1598345A - Friction inserting type clutch and its mfg. method

Info

Publication number: CN1598345A
Application number: CN 200410041675
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛玉明; 葛伟岸
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-08-09
Filing date: 2004-08-09
Publication date: 2005-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 2024-08-09
Also published as: CN1304768C

Abstract

A friction-jaw clutch. Driving disc is equipped on the driving wheel, and driven disc is equipped on the driven shaft. The driven disc and the driven shaft are tabled at radial direction, and skidding bond at axial direction; and driven spring is equipped on the driven shaft. The character is that dogtooth or beard is equipped on the driving disc, the correspondent is equipped on the driven disc, but they are asymmetrical shape. Backlash of the dogtooth and beard is less than four millimeter, or fit angle is less than four degree. The invention has the advantage of friction and jaw clutch.

Description

Friction inserting type clutch and manufacture method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical clutch, be specifically related to a kind of friction inserting type clutch.This clutch is particularly suitable for being applied to the machinery of driven shaft and associate member lighter weight thereof, is particularly useful for farm machinery such as ditching machine; But also be applicable to other any machinery.The application also relates to the manufacture method of this clutch.

Background technique

Clutch is very extensive in the use of mechanical field, is mainly used in separating and combine in machine operation procedure between axle and the axle.Press the binding member branch; mainly contain friction type and engagement type two big classes; friction type wherein is because of its clutch action is subjected to the less-restrictive of running speed, have overload protective function simultaneously and be widely used in automobile, agricultural vehicle, tractor and the various farm machinery that drive by tractor on.Friction clutch mainly comprises square position formula friction clutch and circular cone type friction clutch, the former, particularly multidisc square position friction clutch wherein uses the most extensive.

But the same much deficiencies that exists of traditional square position friction clutch: 1, inferior separating effect, even separate unclear.Because the square position clutch is under separated state, its driven plate and driven shaft are in state free to rotate, and driven plate also can move freely in the axial direction, when rotating plate ran up, very little several factors such as frictional force such as air-flow, dust and vibrations all can cause the driven plate transfer.The driving disc of assembling rotating plate, although the friction factor of ball bearing is very little, is rotated flexibly on driven shaft by two Bearing Installation, also still can produce certain frictional force to axle.This minimal friction on the bearing also becomes a factor of transfer.Big machinery driven shaft and associate member quality thereof very heavy (often having several tons), as automobile, on the large components such as tractor, the strength of this transfer also deficiency so that the driven shaft transfer causes machinery action, so do not see what harm arranged, but miniaturization along with a lot of Machine Designs, light, this transfer power has been enough to work the mischief, the ditching machine on the agricultural for example, the optimal design of its cutterhead makes weight be reduced to about 8kg from nearly 30kg, the so light cutterhead of quality is easy to be driven by rotating plate and above-mentioned " transfer power " and rotate, and can changes faster and faster after clutch separation.This phenomenon can be brought very big potential safety hazard, because: many sharpeners are arranged on the cutterhead, and ditching machine stops trench digging when the edge of a field is turned or travelled on the road surface, and the cutterhead of high speed rotating can bring very big danger to operator and pedestrian.This problem has become the big difficult point in the ditching machine design, has been a long-standing always potential safety hazard since ditching machine is born;

2, easily skid after the combination.Load is big during ditching machine work, and operating conditions is abominable, and the clutch sealing is poor, and particularly the rainy day more has between the muddy water engaging friction sheet, thereby produces skidding;

3, the complex structure of traditional square position clutch, weight is bigger.General clutch by 26 kinds, totally 69 parts are formed, the about 10kg of weight;

4, owing to complex structure, the difficulty of its maintenance, renewal part and debugging is all bigger, can only be keeped in repair and be debugged by the skilled worker who accepted professional training.The space of driven plate, rotating plate is very little, and 0.3 millimeter of the adjustable range franchise between 3 separator levers and the release bearing is not that skilled operators can't accurately be debugged; Debug incorrectly, will produce combination force deficiency, burn rubbing surface or obviously separate unclear problem; The user of service of farm machinery, for example peasant, machine shop worker etc. are difficult to grasp its maintenance, debugging technique, cause the inconvenience of use;

5, because complex structure causes its manufacture cost higher;

6, operator damages easily.Disengaging pawl during separation, release bearing are under great stress, are in again under the state of running up, and it is very serious to rub, and release bearing usually damages, and particularly on the poor farm machinery of operating condition, muddy water, dust, foreign material have more increased the weight of the degree of its infringement.

In order to solve this hard nut to crack, the patent No. provides the scheme that adopts jaw clutch for two parts of patents of 91213865.3 and 95240413.3, but do not see so far aborning and to use, its reason be jaw clutch in conjunction with the time impact force big, easily cause the damage of tooth inserted tooth.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is: the novel clutch that a kind of first friction launch, backteeth embedding combination are provided, new departure should be in conjunction with steadily, non-slip when under harsh conditions, working, and separate the back rotating plate and driven plate all is in check steady state, separate thoroughly.Because its principle has adopted the dual working method of first friction, backteeth embedding, overcome both shortcomings so can obtain both advantages.This new-type clutch can adopt the manufacturing of tratitional technology method; But the present invention will provide a kind of method of optimization for the manufacturing of this new-type clutch.

Technological scheme of the present invention is: the friction inserting type clutch, and driving wheel is provided with rotating plate; Driven shaft is provided with driven plate, driven plate and driven shaft are chimeric diametrically by spline, slide in the axial direction and connect, simultaneously, driven shaft is provided with spring, it is characterized in that: described rotating plate is provided with double wedge or groove, and described driven plate is provided with corresponding with it groove or double wedge, and the double wedge of described rotating plate and driven plate and the back lash of groove are less than 4 millimeters; Or fit angle is less than 4 degree.

Described " driven plate and driven shaft are chimeric diametrically by spline, and sliding in the axial direction connects " is meant: driven plate and driven shaft can only rotate synchronously; But can move in the axial direction.

Described rotating plate is provided with the groove or the double wedge of " corresponding " with driven plate, be meant: both can be chimeric mutually.Its form can be only on any one in rotating plate and driven plate groove to be set, double wedge is set on another; Also can be that groove or double wedge are set on both simultaneously.The shape of groove or double wedge is seen below the explanation of literary composition.

In conjunction with the time, driven plate rotating plate to high speed rotating under spring action is close, forms friction driving, and progressively quicken to rotate, when both speed difference is little of to a certain degree, the double wedge groove on the driven plate just embeds in the groove double wedge on the rotating plate, realizes tooth embedding transmission.

Optimized project of the present invention is: double wedge on described rotating plate and the driven plate or groove adopt asymmetric shape.

Here said " double wedge or groove are asymmetric shape " is meant: double wedge on the rotating plate or groove, in full accord with groove or double wedge shape on the driven plate, but no matter their planar graph does not present any symmetry from any angles such as diameter, circumference, the centers of circle.That is to say: groove on double wedge on the rotating plate or groove and the driven plate or double wedge have only the position angle zone of a coincidence on 360 ° circumference, other positions all can not overlap.Can reduce the chimeric chance of tooth embedding like this, increase the time in friction driving stage, make the speed difference of tooth embedding rotating plate of chimeric moment and driven plate littler.

Said " double wedge or groove are asymmetric shape " can be a complete pattern; Also can be a plurality of discontinuous patterns; Or irregular geometrical pattern; Any shape such as irregular non-geometrical pattern.

In conjunction with the time spring driven plate is pushed to the rotating plate of high speed rotating, form friction driving, at this moment, on the one hand because the rotating plate of the effect high speed rotating of frictional force drives driven plate progressively rotates, the double wedge groove on the driven plate is subjected to the effect of spring force constantly to attempt again to embed in both friction processes in the groove double wedge on the rotating plate on the other hand; In the technological scheme of the present invention that two double wedge and the making of engagement gap is very little, angular velocity in the starting stage of rubbing owing to two differs greatly so can not be chimeric smoothly, have only when rotating plate drives driven plate by frictional force and rotate under the close and even approaching synchronous state of both rotating speeds, double wedge each other and groove could be chimeric, thereby reach the function of first friction launch backteeth embedding combination, realize in conjunction with steadily, non-slip and separate purpose completely during work.

Comprise following key character in the technological scheme of the present invention:

1, the double wedge of rotating plate and driven plate, groove fit angle are less than 4 degree following (being advisable 0.5 millimeter-1.5 millimeter in the back lash), reduce chimeric chance as far as possible, and this is the key character that is different from conventional jaw clutch.The fit angle of conventional jaw clutch is more than 10 degree, be that the double wedge angle is much smaller than the corresponding groove angle, because the back lash is big,, also just therefore can produce bigger impact force so under the very big condition of speed discrepancy, also embed easily at driving wheel high speed rotating, rotating plate and driven plate; And double wedge on rotating plate of the present invention and the driven plate and groove (being the tooth embedding) back lash is very little, driven plate just is difficult for rotating plate chimeric under the situation of rotating plate high speed rotating, so just produce friction, and driven plate is rotated thereupon, just can be chimeric when having only both rotating speeds close, so just alleviated instant impact when chimeric;

2, the geometrical shape of each double wedge, groove is different, asymmetric fully on driven plate and the rotating plate, and only the double wedge of driven plate and rotating plate, groove could be in conjunction with, the i.e. for once chimeric chances of revolution under specific corresponding angle position; This also is to reduce in conjunction with chance, prolongs another key character of friction driving process;

3, the end face diameter of rotating plate and driven plate, area are big as far as possible under the driving wheel permissive condition, and the area of double wedge and groove is close, make it have enough friction areas, to strengthen antiwear property.

Friction inserting type clutch of the present invention can adopt the manufacturing of tratitional technology method; But the present invention recommends to adopt following optimization manufacture method:

The manufacture method of friction inserting type clutch may further comprise the steps:

Make rotating plate and driven plate with punching process, concrete scheme is to go out a mating plate with the sheet metal stamping-out, and one as rotating plate (also can be described as external toothing), and one as driven plate (also can be described as ring gear).This is the technology that makes things convenient for of making the complex geometric shapes profile of tooth; If make of technological methodes such as milling, finish forges, its cost will be very high.

Other manufacturing steps outside this step, same as the prior art.

The optimized project of manufacture method is: rotating plate and driven plate are to adopt the carbon steel material making and quench modified heat treated.

Friction inserting type clutch of the present invention is a kind of brand-new, first friction launch, the novel clutch of backteeth embedding combination, this clutch is in conjunction with more steady, non-slip when under the harsh conditions that has mud, water, oil to enter, working, and separate back rotating plate and driven plate and all be in check steady state, separate thoroughly.Because its principle has adopted the dual working method of first friction backteeth embedding engagement, both shortcomings have been overcome so obtained both advantages.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that friction inserting type clutch device of the present invention fits over the overall layout chart on the ditching machine;

Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of this friction inserting type clutch;

Fig. 3 is the rotating plate of the described friction inserting type clutch of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and the plane structure chart of driven plate;

Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 rotating plate, the plane structure chart of driven plate;

Fig. 5 is embodiment 3 rotating plate, the plane structure chart of driven plate.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technique scheme is described in further detail:

Embodiment 1, adopt the front-end ditching machine of friction inserting type clutch: with reference to Fig. 1,2: on ditching machine frame 19, be equipped with gear-box 15, be equipped with cutterhead 17 on the cutter axis 18 of gear-box 15, blade 16 is housed on the cutterhead 17, with the opposite side driven shaft 1 of cutterhead 17 corresponding gear-boxes 15 on be equipped with driving wheel 8, between driven shaft 1 and driving wheel 8, be equipped with bearing 10 in order to reduce wear; Rotating plate 7 is connected and fixed with driving wheel 8 usefulness screws or rivet 9; Driven plate 6 is fixing with spline housing 5 usefulness screws or rivet 9, and spline housing 5 is a spline fitted with driven shaft 1, can not rotate, but can endwisely slip on driven shaft 1, and the nut 2 of axle head and big pad 3 are pressed to spline housing 5 with spring 4; The outside of nut 2 has a sealing cover 22 to cover on driving wheel 8; Push rod 12 is arranged in the spline of driven shaft 1, and left end pushes up to spline housing 5, and right-hand member withstands and separates circle 13, and separating circle 13 internal diameters has double wedge to insert in the spline of driven shaft 1, and there is the helical teeth more than 2 on disengaging pawl 14 the right, and are corresponding with the helical teeth on the separate cover 11.Among Fig. 2, pull bar 20 is just ordering about disengaging pawl 14 and is reversing, and makes both helical teeth summits corresponding, and push rod 12 was passed driven plate 6 and separated with rotating plate 7 to the left end that spring 4 is housed this moment, and driving belt 21 drives driving wheel 8 and rotates.Releasing lever 20, the helical teeth of disengaging pawl 14 glides from the helical teeth peak of separate cover 11, and the pressure of 12 pairs of spline housings 5 of push rod disappears, and spring 4 is pressed to driving wheel 8 with spline housing 5, driven plate 6 is mutually pressured tight with the rotating plate 7 of high speed rotating, makes driven plate 6 transfers starting under the effect of frictional force.Owing to differ bigger at the starting stage rotating plate 7 of starting and the rotating speed of driven plate 6, the back lash of both double wedges or groove is very little again, the double wedge of driven plate 6 can't embed in the groove of rotating plate 7, and driven plate 6 certainly leads to continuous friction slip phenomenon in the process that compresses rotating plate 7 simultaneously; Have only when both rotating speed progressively close after certain degree, the double wedge of driven plate 6 could embed in the groove of rotating plate 7 and finish combination, the complete and driving wheel 8 of driven shaft 1 this moment rotates synchronously, by interior gear drive cutterhead 17 rotation operations of gear-box 15.

Clutch operation of the present invention has adopted the patented technology of cone-disk clutch, and the patent No. is 02263594.7, and this paper no longer describes in detail.

In the present embodiment, driven plate and rotating plate are to adopt two workpiece that the thick steelplate punching of 2～5mm forms, it is quincunx to be pintongs, referring to Fig. 3, last figure is a driven plate, figure below is a rotating plate, and the driven plate 6 of last figure is that stamping-out comes out from the rotating plate 7 of figure below, and rotating plate 7 is penetrating gear ring shapes; Also can make 2 lobes or many lobes, but have following feature: 1. both back lashes can not be big, in the present embodiment, the rotating speed of driving wheel is 1000 rev/mins, fit angle is 1～1.5 degree, about radial clearance 2mm, promptly the exradius r of driven plate is less than the inner ring radius R 1～2mm of rotating plate; 2. each tooth geometrical shape difference can not be not chimeric under corresponding position.(this purpose of 2 all is to reduce chimeric probability, can only could embed the impact force to reduce when chimeric after driven plate and rotating plate are compressed when both rotating speeds are close.); 3. the double wedge area of rotating plate and driven plate is close, to prevent that wherein the double wedge area of a slice is little and not wear-resisting; Secondly, the magnifying diameter of trying one's best, the limit is permitted that by the diameter of driving wheel purpose is to guarantee that enough friction areas are arranged, with the amount of reducing wear; 4. make of carbon steel material.In the present embodiment, between the quenching and tempering hardness HRC35-40, friction factor really up to the mark reduces, and crosses soft not wear-resisting again; 5. the pressure of spring is greater than 150 kilograms, to guarantee to have enough frictional force.

In the present embodiment, proposed to make of the sheet metal stamping-out process program of rotating plate and driven plate, this is the technological scheme of a key, and it has solved the processing problems to complex geometric shapes, and be to cut out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing, one block of material is produced two workpiece, and the gap also is to carry out essence with punching process to cut, and quality is guaranteed, cost also greatly reduces simultaneously, if the employing Cast Steel, insufficient strength, the cost of milling or finish forge will be very high also.

The embodiment who uses technological scheme of the present invention to make, durability is strong, the reliability height, particularly in conjunction with steadily, with existing friction clutcch to combine characteristics close, very little in conjunction with instant impact, in conjunction with after do not have skidding again, having muddy water to enter does not influence performance yet; After the separation, driven plate is under the braking state of being pushed by push rod, do not have freely to wave, will never with the rotating plate friction, thoroughly stopped to separate potential safety hazard unclear, that cutterhead freely rotates under the inoperative condition.

The embodiment who makes according to technical solution of the present invention connects stove bolt and has only 26 parts of 10 kinds interior, and weight is only about 6 kilograms.The multi-disc square position formula friction clutch of prior art is thought highly of more than 10 kilogram, and 26 kinds totally 69 parts are arranged, and compares part and has reduced over halfly, and weight has also alleviated a lot, and cost of production descends, and uses, regulates also convenient.

Adopt the technological scheme of little back lash, big friction area, also various embodiments can be arranged.

Embodiment 2, and with reference to Fig. 4: embodiment 2 is friction inserting type clutches of a kind of gap type, determines 2 breach that above geometrical shape is different in the plectane upper punch, and as driven plate, the material that gets off from the breach stamping-out is assembled on the driving wheel as rotating plate;

Embodiment 3, and with reference to Fig. 5: determine 2～6 through holes that geometrical shape is different a plectane upper punch, as driven plate or rotating plate, material that will stamping-out comes out from through hole is assembled on the corresponding rotating plate or driven plate.

Claims

1, a kind of friction inserting type clutch, driving wheel is provided with rotating plate; Driven shaft is provided with driven plate, driven plate and driven shaft are chimeric diametrically, slide in the axial direction and connect, simultaneously, driven shaft is provided with spring, it is characterized in that: described rotating plate is provided with double wedge or groove, and described driven plate is provided with corresponding with it groove or double wedge, and the double wedge of described rotating plate and driven plate and the back lash of groove are less than 4 millimeters; Or fit angle is less than 4 degree.

2, friction inserting type clutch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: double wedge on described rotating plate and the driven plate or groove adopt asymmetric shape.

3, friction inserting type clutch according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described rotating plate and driven plate have the convex and concave teeth more than 2, and each profile of tooth end face geometrical shape is all inequality, and can only be chimeric in each self-corresponding position.

4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described friction inserting type clutches, it is characterized in that: described rotating plate and driven plate are the penetrating shapes of adopting sheet metal to be made into.

5, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described friction inserting type clutches, it is characterized in that: described rotating plate and driven plate are arranged on the outside of driving wheel, an end opposite with gear-box.

6, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described friction inserting type clutches, it is characterized in that: the internal diameter of the diameter of described rotating plate and driving wheel hub is close.

7, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described friction inserting type clutches, it is characterized in that: the outside of described driven plate has sealing cover and driving wheel fastening.

8, the manufacture method of the described friction inserting type clutch of a kind of claim 1 is characterized in that, includes following steps:

Make rotating plate and driven plate with punching process: go out a mating plate with the sheet metal stamping-out, one as rotating plate, and one as driven plate.

9, according to the manufacture method of the described friction inserting type clutch of claim 8, it is characterized in that: also be provided with following steps: described rotating plate and driven plate adopt carbon steel material to make and the modified heat treatment of quenching.