CN1595125A - Neutron diffraction enhanced imaging device - Google Patents
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- CN1595125A CN1595125A CN 200410025626 CN200410025626A CN1595125A CN 1595125 A CN1595125 A CN 1595125A CN 200410025626 CN200410025626 CN 200410025626 CN 200410025626 A CN200410025626 A CN 200410025626A CN 1595125 A CN1595125 A CN 1595125A
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Abstract
A neutron diffraction enhanced imaging device comprises a collimated neutron beam and a detector, and is characterized in that a monochromator is arranged in the advancing direction of the collimated neutron beam, the monochromator and the neutron beam form a grazing incidence angle theta, an analyzer is arranged in parallel with the monochromator, the direction of the neutron beam diffracted by the analyzer is the detector, an aluminum reflecting mirror is arranged on the optical axis of visible light converted by the detector at an angle of 45 degrees, a CCD camera is arranged on the reflecting optical path of the aluminum reflecting mirror, the output end of the CCD camera is connected with a display, and the detector, the aluminum reflecting mirror and the CCD camera are hermetically arranged in a dark box. The invention has the advantages of eliminating scattering noise generated by interaction of neutrons and nuclei and directly transmitted neutron interference and improving the contrast and resolution of neutron phase contrast imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to neutron imaging, particularly a kind of neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device, it has purposes extremely widely at aspects such as national defense industry, biomedicines.
Background technology
Neutron belongs to the baryon of one of four big class elementary particles, has certain rest mass, neutral, spin and be 1/2, negative magnetic moment and a free neutron instability, and fundamental characteristics such as β decay grade takes place.
Neutron and matter interaction, be different from charged particle and electromagnetic wave (X and gamma-rays), the neutron neutral, not only almost do not act on when injecting material with extranulear electron, do not need to overcome electric charge Coulomb force obstacle, thereby the very low neutron of energy also can enter in the atomic nucleus (target nucleus) and cause various nuclear reactions, and the reaction probability is often very big.
The interaction of neutron and nuclear can be regarded as the interaction of neutron deficiency and nuclear.According to the wave theory of material, by the Broglie formula, when non-relativistic, the particle wavelength is:
λ＝h/p＝h/mv
λ is the de Broglie wavelength of particle, and h is a Planck's constant, and p is a particle momentum, and m is a mass particle, and v is a speed.Can derive formula λ ()=0.286T thus
n -12, wherein Tn is neutron kinetic energy (electron volts).
Can be known that by quantum mechanics neutron wavelength is long more, the nuclear reaction probability that neutron causes is just big more.
When X ray passes material, X ray be with material in the electron cloud of atom interact, therefore, the electric density of electron cloud is depended in its decay, and increases with the increase of sample atoms ordinal number; Unlike X ray, neutron is and the atomic nucleus effect that total neutron cross section is relevant with the character of nuclear, between different elements even the isotope very big difference is arranged also.
The bombardment target nucleus neutron not with nuclear in all particle interactions, and only with the hithermost particle effect of a part.Therefore, all nuclear nucleon binding energies are almost identical.Neutron is in the identical order of magnitude with the interaction potential of complicated nuclear and the interaction potential of neutron and individual nucleon.
Neutron and nuclear effect have various ways, comprise elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, emit reaction, nuclear fission and the radiative capture etc. of charged particle.
Because neutron can not directly cause the ionization of atom in material, therefore, can only survey according to neutron and nuclear strong interaction, the neutron of different-energy has different nuclear processes, thereby different detection methods is also just arranged, mainly contain recoil nucleus method (being suitable for fast neutron), nuclear reaction method (being mainly used in slow neutron), nuclear fission method and activation method.
The detection method of neutron imaging mainly contains film method and CCD etc., and which kind of all needs is used together with conversion screen.This is because these detectors such as film are very low to the direct detection efficient of neutron, needs to survey indirectly.The effect of conversion screen is exactly to produce α, β or secondary radiation such as γ and visible light after making neutron and its interaction, and detectors such as film are exactly their intensity of record.Therefore, the efficient of conversion screen and quality directly affect the result of neutron imaging.
According to the product property after transformational substance in the conversion screen and the neutron interaction, conversion screen can be divided into two classes: transient state screen and activation screen.The transient state screen is meant the neutron imaging conversion screen that uses in the direct exposure method, as
6LiF-ZnS (Ag), organic plastics+Gd
2O
2S, Gd etc., the secondary radiation that it sends in the neutron imaging process and the formation of picture finished in moment.The activation screen then is the conversion screen that uses in the Indirect exposure method, as In indium, Dy dysprosium etc., it is formed with the radioactive nucleus in certain life-span under neutron irradiation, behind the sub-image of setting up daughter nucleus on the conversion screen, again conversion screen and film are close together, make the decay radiation of conversion screen daughter nucleus on film, form image.
Neutron imaging is to grow up on the basis of x-ray imaging, but some aspect of neutron imaging more has superiority than x-ray imaging, can solve the more insoluble problems of x-ray imaging.So, it is generally acknowledged that it is the good supplementary means of x-ray imaging.For example, neutron and X ray are reflected on the mass absorption coefficient of various elements with a significant difference of matter interaction.The thermal neutron mass absorption coefficient of hydrogen is very big, and the neutron mass absorption coefficient of some heavy elements is very little, so for checking that the object neutron imaging of being made up of hydrogenous material and heavy metal is effective especially.Such as bullet is carried out the neutron imaging inspection, can not only see through the explosive that metal shell shows that the inside is loaded, and can observe explosive density whether evenly, tight etc. arranged.For the baroque object that hydrogeneous and plastics and metallic combination form, employing neutron and x-ray imaging, and compare, can obtain more accurate understanding to internal structure of body.The element that some atomic number is contiguous or the different isotopes of identity element, often the neutron mass absorption coefficient falls far short, and therefore utilizes neutron imaging just to be easy to they are made a distinction.At biology and medically, can check the colloid and the cancer cell of periosteum, check dental pulp, carry out pathological research etc. with neutron imaging.
Perhaps be under the inspiration of X ray phase contrast imaging technology, an associating group in Australia and Europe has developed a kind of coaxial phase contrast imaging method, and they adopt cold neutron, corresponding de Brogile wavelength is 0.433nm, successfully observes some details of leg joint and the wing of wasp.
We know, no matter are light wave or matter wave, when by object, produce scattering and absorption, from sample suitably distance will obtain absorption of sample contrast picture clearly, this is the imaging basis of conventional micro-and chromatography.
We know from roentgenology: the refractive index of X ray
n
x=1-δ, δ=r
0λ
2N
AtF/2 π, in the formula, λ is the X ray wavelength, r
0Be classical electron radius, N
AtBe atomicity density in the unit volume, f is an atomic scattering factor.From neutronics as can be known, the refractive index of neutron has the form identical with X ray,
n
n=1-λ
n 2N (π of b ± p)/2, in the formula, N also is the proton number in the unit volume, and λ is a neutron wavelength, and b is the nuclear scattering coefficient, and p is because the magnetic scattering coefficient that electron spin causes.As can be seen from the above, two kinds of forms of refractive index n are almost consistent, for same wavelength, and neutron δ (λ
n 2N (b ± p)/2 π) is than the little magnitude of δ value of X ray.Although the difference of 1-δ and 1 has only 10
-6, but when using very little λ value, even the variation of not too big thickness or density also may produce sizable phase distortion.If when adopting coherent light or partially coherent light by object, except absorbing, also to produce phase change, the distortion on corrugated promptly takes place.This wavefront distortion causes the direction of propagation on part corrugated to change, make the corrugated overlapping and form to interfere, like this, phase change changes into Strength Changes, and this is the physical basis of phase contrast imaging, also is the physical basis of phase contrast chromatography, what is more important, this image can directly obtain the phase change image without any reconstruct, and this is phase contrast and holographic fundamental difference.
2000, people such as B.E.Allman finished the experiment of a neutron phase contrast, and experimental provision as shown in Figure 1.The neutron beam 1 that sends from neutron source becomes a spherical wave and incides on the sample 3, at 1.8 meters of distance sample 3 after pin hole, place a detector 5, just can obtain the phase contrast imaging [referring to technology: B.E.Allman etc.: Nature 2000,408,158 formerly] of sample 3.
The disadvantage of this device is: owing to the interference of various scattering waves and transmitted wave, have a strong impact on the contrast and the resolution of neutron phase contrast imaging.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is at the existing shortcoming of above-mentioned technology formerly, a kind of neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device is provided, scattering noise that is produced during with elimination neutron and nuclear interaction and the neutron that directly sees through disturb, and improve the contrast and the resolution of neutron phase contrast imaging.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device, the neutron beam and the detector that comprise collimation, it is characterized in that being provided with monochromator in the working direction of the neutron beam of described collimation, this monochromator becomes grazing angle θ with neutron beam, place an analyzer abreast with this monochromator, the neutron beam direction of this analyzer institute diffraction is described detector, on the visible light optical axis that this detector is changed, place an aluminium reflector at 45ly, the CCD camera is arranged on the reflected light path of this aluminium reflector, output termination one display of this CCD camera, described detector, aluminium reflector and CCD camera are contained in the camera bellows with being sealed.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
Testing sample is placed between monochromator and the analyzer, incided on the monochromator by the neutron beam behind the conduit collimation, after the monochromatization, incide on the testing sample that is placed on the neutron beam working direction, enter into monochromator from the neutron beam of testing sample outgoing and to be parallel to each other on the analyzer of placing, the neutron beam of analyzed device diffraction enters into detector and converts visible light to, with optical axis direction at 45 on, an aluminium reflector is set.The effect of this aluminium reflector is that visible light is changed 90 °, and directive CCD receiver, read output signal from the display.
Said neutron source is from the radiation of fission reactor neutron source and through the neutron of collimating apparatus outgoing.This fission reactor neutron source is that fissioners such as uranium and plutonium are made fuel, and is media with the neutron, keeps the device of controlled chain reaction of nuclear fission, is called fission reactor, and this device can obtain high-throughout neutron irradiation, can reach 10
13～10
20Neutron number/second can long-time running, and by a steel box or a steel cylinder collimation with rectangle or round section, the neutron of outgoing from collimating apparatus, as long as its divergence equals the ratio of aperture and length, obviously the reduced bore, increase length and can improve divergence greatly, obtain the quasi-parallel neutron beam.
Said monochromator is an aluminum single crystal or copper, when the neutron beam of quasi-parallel incident becomes grazing angle θ with monochromator, produces Bragg reflection, produces a monochromatic neutron beam.
Said sample is a material to neutron transmission to be measured.
Said analyzer is the aluminum single crystal or the copper single crystal of one and the same material of monochromator, and its effect is equivalent to a broadband filter, and its can elimination neutron and the various scatterings that produced when interacting of sample.
Said detector is a neutron scintilator, is ZnS (Ag)-LiF.Because neutron can not directly cause the ionization of atom in material, there is not electric current output, so adopt ZnS (Ag)-LiF among the present invention.The diffraction neutron beam that produces in the sample impinges perpendicularly on the screen of scintillator, and each neutron produces the cascade optical photon.
Said aluminium reflector is used for the visible light that scintillator produces is reflexed on the receiver CCD camera, and the CCD camera is commerce CCD.
Said display is to be used for the signal that CCD receives is shown.
Said camera bellows is to be used for shielding extraneous parasitic light.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
Neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device of the present invention, adopted a monochromator that neutron is carried out chromatic dispersion, when the neutron beam of quasi-parallel shines on the testing sample, carry sample message in the neutron beam, also produce scattering simultaneously, this scattering wave and diffracted wave mix, if take class in-line holographic phase contrast imaging method, certainly will signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) low, so the present invention places an analyzer again behind sample, this analyzer is parallel with monochromator.Therefore the effect of analyzer is that scattering wave is filtered, and what receive on receiver only is the sample phase information, thereby guarantees high signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), high contrast and high resolution.Compare with technology formerly: neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device and method of the present invention, owing to adopted an analyzer, scattering wave and transmitted wave that can the elimination neutron can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), contrast and resolution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is neutron phase contrast imaging device synoptic diagram in the technology formerly.
Fig. 2 is a neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device synoptic diagram of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device of the present invention is made up of 9 parts: the working direction at the neutron beam 1 that collimates is provided with monochromator 2,1 one-tenth grazing angle θ of this monochromator 2 and neutron beam, place analyzer 4 abreast with this monochromator 2, the neutron beam direction of 4 diffraction of this analyzer is described detectors 5, on the visible light optical axis that this detector 5 is changed, place an aluminium reflector 6 at 45ly, CCD camera 7 is arranged on the reflected light path of this aluminium reflector 6, output termination one display 8 of this CCD camera 7, described detector 5, aluminium reflector 6 and CCD camera 7 are contained in the camera bellows 9 with being sealed.
Said collimated neutron bean 1 is a fission reactor and a neutron collimator, and wavelength is 0.4nm.
Said monochromator 2 is aluminum single crystals, also can be single crystal Cu.
Said testing sample 3 is biological samples, and it is transparent to neutron beam.
Said analyzer 4 is aluminum single crystals, also can be single crystal Cu, and the material of it and monochromator is just the same.
Said detector 5 is scintillators, and material is ZnS-LiF, and market is on sale.
Said aluminium reflector 6 is mirrors of aluminizing.
Said CCD camera 7 is the commercially available charge-coupled devices to the visible light sensitivity.
Said display 8 is to be used for reading the signal that the CCD camera receives.
Said camera bellows 9 is to be used for shielding parasitic light, avoids CCD is disturbed.
The course of work of neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device of the present invention is: when the neutron that comes autocollimatic neutron beam 1 after monochromator 2 chromatic dispersions, shine in the testing sample 3, after neutron and testing sample 3 interact, the part neutron is refracted, scattering, absorption and transmission, shining analyzer 4 gets on, and have only that part of neutron that is wherein reflected to contain the information of sample by testing sample 3, and multichannel analyzer 4 is diffracted into detector 5 and gets on, and remainder will be filtered, thereby improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), contrast and resolution.
This neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device has a wide range of applications at aspects such as biomedicine, material structure, space flight and aviation, cosmochemistry, weapon industry, archaeologies.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device, comprise neutron electron gun (1) and detector (5), it is characterized in that being provided with monochromator (2) at the neutron beam of the collimation of described neutron electron gun (1), this monochromator (2) becomes grazing angle θ with neutron beam, place analyzer (4) abreast with this monochromator (2), the neutron beam direction of this analyzer (4) institute diffraction is described detector (5), on the visible light optical axis that this detector (5) is changed, place an aluminium reflector (6) at 45ly, CCD camera (7) is arranged on the reflected light path of this aluminium reflector (6), output termination one display (8) of this CCD camera (7), described detector (5), aluminium reflector (6) and CCD camera (7) are contained in the camera bellows (9) with being sealed.
2, neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described monochromator (2) and analyzer (4) all are an aluminum single crystal or single crystal Cu.
3, neutron diffraction Enhanced Imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described detector (5) is a neutron scintilator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410025626 CN1595125A (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Neutron diffraction enhanced imaging device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410025626 CN1595125A (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Neutron diffraction enhanced imaging device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1595125A true CN1595125A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102279409A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Neutron Beam Position Detector |
| CN102313754A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2012-01-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method for preparing thermal neutron scintillator conversion screen by using paint film preparation device |
| CN114137007A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron back scattering imaging method and system for nondestructive testing of bridge |
-
2004
- 2004-06-30 CN CN 200410025626 patent/CN1595125A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102279409A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Neutron Beam Position Detector |
| CN102313754A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2012-01-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method for preparing thermal neutron scintillator conversion screen by using paint film preparation device |
| CN102279409B (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-06-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Neutron Beam Position Detector |
| CN114137007A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron back scattering imaging method and system for nondestructive testing of bridge |
| CN114137007B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-24 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron back scattering imaging method and system for nondestructive detection of bridge |
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