CN2591620Y - Neutron microscopic imaging device - Google Patents
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- CN2591620Y CN2591620Y CN 02283659 CN02283659U CN2591620Y CN 2591620 Y CN2591620 Y CN 2591620Y CN 02283659 CN02283659 CN 02283659 CN 02283659 U CN02283659 U CN 02283659U CN 2591620 Y CN2591620 Y CN 2591620Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a neutron microscopic imaging device which comprises a neutron beam transmitted by a neutron source. After the neutron beam is collimated by a long tubular collimator and is changed into a monocolor neutron beam by a monochromator, the neutron beam is focalized on a sample to be measured on a sample table by a zone plate through a slit; signals generated by the sample to be measured are changed into current signals by a proportional counter and are input into a computer to be carried out a reconstructing treatment. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of high resolution and measurement of fine structures. The utility model can be widely used for observing and measuring microstructures in the aspects of industry, agriculture, biomedicine, physics, geochemistry, cosmochemistry, archaeology, oceanography, etc.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the utility model relates to a neutron microscopic imaging technique especially involves the neutron microscopic imaging device of neutron physical imaging.
Background art:
since the discovery of neutrons in 1932, neutrons have become an independent discipline and have found applications in many areas of industry, agriculture, science, medicine, defense and national economy, with dramatic results that are independent of the fundamental characteristics of neutrons.
1. Neutrons have a certain static mass, m0＝1.674920×10-24g, according to the material fluctuation theory, the wavelength of the neutron can be obtained by the Debroglie formula: <math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mn>81.8</mn> <mi>E</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </math>
for example: a thermal neutron with an energy E of 25meV and a wavelength of 0.181nm, which is close to the atomic size; for another example, a resonance neutron E1 MeV with a wavelength λ 2.86 × 10-5And (5) nm. In general, to detect the components of the apparatusThe resolution is inversely proportional to its wavelength, so when neutrons are used as the illumination source for the microscope, 1/2, the limiting resolution of the wavelength, is sufficient to observe the fine structures inside the nuclei, and it can be seen how much it is tempting.
2. Neutrons are not charged, so that when injected into a substance, they do not interact with extra-nuclear electrons and do not need to overcome the barrier of nuclear coulomb force, so that even low-energy particles can enter into the atomic nucleus to cause various nuclear reactions.
3. Besides individual elements such as hydrogen, lithium, boron and the like, the neutron mass absorption coefficient is far smaller than that of X-rays, particularly in heavy elements, the penetration capability of neutrons is very strong, and in light elements, the penetration capability is poor, and the behavior of neutrons is just opposite to that of X-rays.
The contrast mechanism of X-ray transmission microscopy is that when X-rays interact with matter, the number of photons decreases and obeys beer's law in the incident direction, and neutrons also have this property.
From the above, it can be seen that if neutrons and microscopy are combined, an effective tool is provided for the study of ultra-fine structures and for the insight of the mysterious nature.
In the prior art, 1997, the pano schanren institute provided a neutron transmission radiography device with a resolution of up to 2 μm, but it is not yet a neutron microscopic imaging device and cannot observe fine structures in nuclei.
The invention content is as follows:
the utility model provides a neutron microscopic imaging device, as shown in figure 1, it includes two parts: the first part is a collimated monochromatic neutron source system: comprises a neutron source 1, a collimator 2, a monochromator 3 and a slit 4; the second part is a recording system comprising: the device comprises a zone plate 5, a sample 6 to be measured, a sample table 7, a proportional counter 8, a computer 9 and a shielding chamber 11 formed by a shielding layer 10.
The utility model has the concrete structure that a shielding chamber 11 is composed of a shielding layer 10, a neutron source 1 is arranged in the shielding chamber 11, a neutron beam emitted by the neutron source 1 in the shielding chamber 11 firstly passes through a collimator 2 which is superposed with a central beam axis OO ' of a long tube shape, the neutron beam which is collimated by the collimator 2, a monochromator 3 which is arranged at an included angle alpha between an incident surface and the central beam axis OO ' of the neutron beam and has a midpoint O ' on the central beam axis OO ' of the neutron beam, a monochromator 3 which is arranged at an included angle alpha between the central beam axis O ' of the neutron beam and the incident surface of the monochromator 3, the monochromatic neutron beam which is emitted by the monochromator 3, focuses the neutron beam on a sample 6 to be measured which is arranged on a sample platform 7 through a slit 4 and a zone plate 5, a signal generated by the sample 6 to be measured is changed into a current signal through a proportional counter 8, the data is input into a computer 9 to be reconstructed.
The neutron source 1 is a fission reactor neutron source or an accelerator neutron source.
The neutron source of the fission reactor is a device which takes uranium, plutonium and other fission materials as fuel and takes neutrons as media to maintain controllable chain fission reaction, is called as the fission reactor, and can obtain high-flux neutron radiation which can reach 10 DEG13～1020Neutron counts per second, which can operate for long periods of time, and various methods have been developed to achieve neutron monochromatization.
The accelerator neutron source adopts various accelerators, accelerates charged particles to bombard certain target nuclei to generate neutrons. The monochromaticity of neutrons depends on the monochromaticity of charged particles, and therefore, the great advantage of an accelerator neutron source is that it can generate monoenergetic neutrons.
The collimator 2 is usually made of a steel tube or cylinder with a rectangular or circular cross section, and the divergence of the emitted neutrons from the collimator 2 is equal to the ratio of the aperture to the length.
The monochromator 3: to monochromate neutrons, a large single-color crystal is usually selectedThe body uses diffraction mode to make neutrons with different wavelengths produce angular dispersion to make monochromatization, and its principle is similar to that of grating spectrometer. The monochromator 3 of the present invention is formed of a metal crystal, such as a lead crystal, or a copper crystal, or a beryllium crystal. The number of neutrons N reflected by the monochromator 3 is: <math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mi>KT</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>KT</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>d</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>θ</mi> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math>
in the formula, N1The total number of neutrons per second for all velocities incident on the monochromator 3;
e: neutron energy of wavelength λ;
θ: bragg angle;
d: a lattice constant;
Rθ: rotating the crystal integral reflectivity;
k: boltzmann constant;
t: absolute temperature
The slits 4 are usually made of cadmium in neutron operation. Cadmium is the best candidate because of its lowest neutron transmission coefficient, approaching zero, among the known materials.
The zone plate 5 is a diffractive lens which can be seen as a circular grating with a radial increasing linear density, which can image radiation of almost all wavelengths by means of its more efficient first order diffraction. The utility model discloses in use be fresnel zone plate, it comprises a series of clitellum for focus into superfine focal spot (focal spot is less than 5nm) with the neutron, so that scan on the sample 6 that awaits measuring. The utility model provides a focusing element zone plate is made with electron beam plate-making, and resolution ratio is decided by outermost ring wave bandwidth, and present highest resolution ratio has reached 5nm, uses lead or cadmium as the material usually.
The sample stage 7 can be moved up and down and left and right, and can be controlled by piezoelectric ceramics, and the sample 6 to be measured is placed on the sample stage 7.
Said proportional counter 8, because the neutron can not directly arouse the ionization of atom in the material, does not have current output, so the utility model discloses in adopt proportional counter 8, receive the neutron number and convert current signal output into, the proportional counter 8 who adopts is3A He counting tube is arranged on the upper portion of the tube,3the reaction in the He counter tube was:
wherein,2 3he is an isotope of helium,0 1n is the sign of the neutrons emitted by the neutron source 1,1 1H，1 3h is an isotope of hydrogen.
Thus, the neutron signal is converted into a current signal, and the current signal is input into the computer through A/D conversion, so that the image information of the sample 6 to be measured is obtained.
The neutron emitted from the neutron source 1 is collimated by the collimator, then emits a parallel neutron beam to the monochromator 3, is dispersed by the monochromator 3 to form a monochromatic neutron beam, is filtered by the cadmium slit 4, then irradiates the parallel monochromatic neutron beam to the zone plate 5, is focused by the zone plate 5, and the focus falls on the sample 6 to be measured. The sample 6 to be measured is placed on the sample stage 7. The sample stage 7 scans vertically and horizontally, the signal transmitted from the sample 6 to be measured is received by the proportional counter 8, and the current signal is output and input into the computer 9 for reconstruction processing. Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage that has:
the utility model discloses a microscopic imaging device of neutron owing to adopt neutron source 1, has monochromator 3's monochromization, the focus isotructure of zone plate, can measure very slight structure, and resolution ratio is higher. Therefore, the method can be widely applied to the aspects of industry, agriculture, biomedicine, physics, geochemistry and cosmochemistry, archaeology, oceanography and the like. For example, neutron microscopy imaging devices can determine the structure of ribosomes and chromatin; the distribution rule of the trace elements in marine sediments and submarine rocks can be researched by collecting a small amount of seawater; the evolution process of earth substances, the synthetic theory of natural elements and the like are researched by analyzing and measuring the abundance and distribution of rare earth elements in the earth and other foreign cosmic substances. As another example, the metabolism and decomposition of pesticides on crops, accumulation and disappearance in soil, and their residues on livestock products can be studied with a neutron microscopic imaging device; in physics, neutron microscopic imaging devices can be used to detect nuclear internal structures, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the neutron microscopic imaging device of the present invention, which is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments below.
Detailed Description
The neutron microscopic imaging device of the utility model is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises two parts:
<1> collimation quasi-monochromatic neutron source system
Wherein: the neutron source 1 is a fission reactor; the collimator 2 is a steel pipe with the length of 1.5m and the diameter of 1.5 cm; the monochromator 3 adopts lead single crystal; the slit 4 is made of cadmium with a thickness of 6mm and a pore size of 0.3 mm.
Neutrons emitted from the neutron source 1 enter a monochromator 3 of lead single crystal through a collimator 2 to generate dispersion, and a part of neutron beams are selected by a cadmium slit 4, so that the neutron beams are greatly improved in terms of divergence and spectral quality.
<2> recording and detecting system
The zone plate 5 is Fresnel zone plate, the number of zone rings is more than 100, the sample 6 to be measured is biological tissue, the sample stage 7 is two-dimensional moving platform, the proportional counter 8 is3He counter tube. And a neutron beam is emitted from the slit 4, illuminates the zone plate 5 and is focused on a sample 6 to be measured on the sample platform 7 by the zone plate 5, the sample platform 7 carries the sample 6 to be measured, the sample 6 is firstly scanned in an up-and-down movement mode and then scanned in a left-and-right movement mode, and the neutron beam stays for 1ms at each point of scanning on the sample 6 to be measured. Each transmitted neutron beam on the sample 6 to be measured is incident on the proportional counter 8 to generate a current pulse, and the current pulse is input into the computer 9 through the A/D conversion plate. Since the absorption coefficients of the points on the sample 6 to be measured are different, the information input to the computer 9 is also different, and therefore, a clear image of the sample 6 to be measured can be obtained. For a biological sample with the size of 100 mu m, the spatial resolution can reach about 10 nm.
The utility model discloses a micro-image resolution of neutron that micro-imaging device obtained depends on the size that Fresnel zone plate gathers focal spot, and usual resolution ratio can reach below 10nm, is more than 200 times with the best result height of neutron photograph among the prior art.
Claims (2)
1. A neutron microscopic imaging device comprises a shielding chamber 11 formed by a shielding layer 10, a neutron source 1 is arranged in the shielding chamber 11, and is characterized in that a neutron beam emitted by the neutron source 1 in the shielding chamber 11 firstly passes through a collimator 2 which is overlapped with a central beam axis (OO ') of a long cylinder shape, the neutron beam collimated by the collimator 2 enters a monochromator 3 which is arranged on the central beam axis (OO') of the neutron beam and has an included angle alpha between an incident plane and the central beam axis (OO ') of the neutron beam being 10-20 degrees and has a midpoint (O') on the central beam axis (OO '), the included angle alpha between the central beam axis (O') of the neutron beam emitted by the monochromator 3 and the incident plane of the monochromator 3 is alpha, the monochromatic neutron beam emitted by the monochromator 3 passes through a slit 4 and a waveband 5, the neutron beam is focused on a sample 6 to be measured which is arranged on a sample table 7, and a signal generated by the sample 6 to be measured, the signal is converted into a current signal by a proportional counter 8 and is input into a computer 9 for reconstruction processing.
2. The neutron microscope of claim 1, wherein said monochromator 3 is comprised of a metallic crystal of lead, or of a copper crystal, or of a beryllium crystal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02283659 CN2591620Y (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2002-12-27 | Neutron microscopic imaging device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02283659 CN2591620Y (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2002-12-27 | Neutron microscopic imaging device |
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| CN2591620Y true CN2591620Y (en) | 2003-12-10 |
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| CN 02283659 Expired - Fee Related CN2591620Y (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2002-12-27 | Neutron microscopic imaging device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100442044C (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-12-10 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Neutron interferometer neutral phase recovery method |
| CN105277996A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Spatial neutral atom imaging apparatus |
| CN105589105A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Space neutral atom Fourier imaging apparatus |
-
2002
- 2002-12-27 CN CN 02283659 patent/CN2591620Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100442044C (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-12-10 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Neutron interferometer neutral phase recovery method |
| CN105277996A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Spatial neutral atom imaging apparatus |
| CN105277996B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-10-03 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | A kind of space neutral atom imaging device |
| CN105589105A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Space neutral atom Fourier imaging apparatus |
| CN105589105B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-10-31 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | A kind of space neutral atom Fourier imaging device |
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