CN1595045A - Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same - Google Patents
Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1595045A CN1595045A CN 200410045038 CN200410045038A CN1595045A CN 1595045 A CN1595045 A CN 1595045A CN 200410045038 CN200410045038 CN 200410045038 CN 200410045038 A CN200410045038 A CN 200410045038A CN 1595045 A CN1595045 A CN 1595045A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- external cylinder
- firework
- firework external
- adhesive
- dry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is an outer tube of fireworks with bottom, whose characteristics is that its main component are haulm fiber, glass fiber, calcium sulfate, light filler, cement of high level and bond. It is formed by once overall stamp by special machine and natural drying, the product has U-typed bottom, a layer of kraft paper enclosing the outer wall of tube, and its appearance, size and length can be ordered by the size needs of different fireworks products. The invention has the advantages of abundant raw material, advanced technology, excellent chemical and physical stability, stable shape, resistance to humidity, high intension and notable safety, which can be widely used in outer tube of various fireworks products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fireworks material field, relating in particular to a kind of is the firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band of primary raw material and the manufacture method of the firework external cylinder at the band end with stem fiber, glass, mineral matter dry mash.
Background technology
In the prior art, the traditional production technology of the general employing of fireworks paper tube, promptly be rolled into the paper web of required specification by manual stranding with the multi-layer forming paper after cutting, thin yellow soil after the solarization of the manual operations usefulness then dry grinding is with the urgent reality of paper web one end back cover, this production technology falls behind, labour intensity is big, wastes time and energy, and production efficiency is very low; There are many producers to begin to adopt mechanical reel and machinery to press at the bottom of the mud at present, promptly roll into paper web by machinery with multi-layer forming paper, the paper-tube rolling machine that has needs once more will long paper web to cut into guillotine the length of regulation after spooling long paper web, though the rotary machine production efficiency height of this secondary processing, but waste of material is big, waste material is many, and cost is higher; The paper-tube rolling machine that also has can once be finished reel, cut tube two procedures, but no matter be the manual chart drum of rubbing with the hands, or machinery rolls paper web, all need by manual operations rolled paper web one end is urgent or with after at the bottom of the mechanical stamping mud with thin yellow soil back cover, can be used for the post-production of fireworks, fundamentally not solve the fireworks one-time formed problem of paper web.Its shortcoming is: the one, and at the bottom of manual or machinery is beaten (pressure) mud from rolling of paper web, complex manufacturing, cost height, the requirement of incompatibility fireworks manufacturer large-scale industrial production; The 2nd, beat (pressure) mud with thin yellow soil at the bottom of, dirt dyes greatly, harmful direct labor's physical and mental health, and a large amount of pick soil of dredging have been destroyed ecological environment; The 3rd, at the bottom of the mud that is processed into yellow soil, impact strength is low, in firework product processing and fabricating, storage, transport and set off in the process, make mud easily at the bottom of the moisture absorption be scattered, also collision makes at the bottom of the mud loosely easily, has a strong impact on the firework product quality and sets off safety.Therefore, to the improvement of existing firework external cylinder material and production technology, be the task of top priority, there are many people carrying out development test, as the Chinese invention patent application of document CN1067116A, disclosing a kind of mainly is the method for raw material compacting making special shell of fire cracker by waste paper, fiber; The Chinese invention patent application of document CN1434267A in addition, a kind of production method of fireworks casing is disclosed, above-mentioned invention disclosed patent application, though on the material of firework external cylinder, change to some extent, adopt waste paper, stem fiber, wood chip is a primary raw material glue mixing punch forming shell, but material mixed structure selected in its material is unreasonable, physics, chemical stability is poor, be processed into the yielding cracking of finished product, especially the latter, adopt raw material soaking, the broken method for processing of band pigment, raw water liquid contaminated environment not only, and when drying, be difficult to grasp the moisture content appropriateness, again because of at the bottom of the tube with the barrel wall variable thickness, cause finished product craze and transfiguration in dry run, said method should not be applied to production and processing and fireworks are made.
Summary of the invention
The present inventor has carried out research repeatedly to the raw material that can be used as the firework external cylinder use, wish to develop necessary numerous and diverse operation in the time of to simplify at the bottom of fireworks paper tube and the paper web sealing clay, moisture resistance is poor at the bottom of overcoming existing paper web and mud, the shortcoming that impact strength is low, a kind of physics is provided, chemical stability is good, raw material is easily got, body is stable, can be moistureproof, security performance is good, product specification standardization, non-environmental-pollution, and have and the band of the disposal molding of the same result of use of fireworks paper tube in the past at the bottom of firework external cylinder and manufacture method thereof.Consequently, find to contain the mixture of the dry mash of specific minerals and stem fiber, glass, can achieve the above object, thereby finish the present invention.
Promptly the present invention relates to
(1) a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with is characterized in that, is main component with stem fiber, glass, half-H 2 O calcium sulphate, light filler, high standard cement and adhesive.
(2) a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with, be fibroid cane dry crushing material to be ground into fine powder through pulverizer cross 80 mesh sieves, the glass silk is cut into the 30mm-40mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, again with the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, high standard cement, after light filler mixed 100 mesh sieves three times, the stem fiber dry mash that adds certain component, glass and adhesive, mix through mixer, take out compound, inject in the mid-forming press that is placed with one deck stalloy and brown paper of pattern, adopt the rotary compression moulding of core rod, carry out air dry and make; Its urceolus shape, size, length can be decided according to the specification needs of different firework products.
(3) as (2) described a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with, wherein, cylindrical shell at the bottom of the compression molding band in firework external cylinder bottom be configured to the U-shaped shape, have the cavity that long we opens above at the bottom of the U-shaped, be close to cylindrical shell cylindrical wall and be enclosed with one deck brown paper.
(4) as each described a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with of (1) to (3), wherein, adhesive is certain density liquid for being diluted with water to, and the weight proportion of adhesive and water is 1: 10-15.
(5) a kind of manufacture method of the firework external cylinder the end of with, it is characterized in that, fibroid cane dry crushing material is ground into fine powder through pulverizer crosses 80 mesh sieves, the glass silk is cut into the 30mm-40mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, again with the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, high standard cement, after light filler mixed 100 mesh sieves three times, the stem fiber dry mash that adds certain component, glass and adhesive, mix through mixer, take out compound, inject in the mid-forming press that is placed with one deck stalloy and brown paper of pattern, adopt the rotary compression moulding of core rod, carry out air dry at last; Its urceolus shape, size, length can be decided according to the specification needs of different firework products.
(6) as (5) described a kind of firework external cylinder manufacture method the end of with, wherein, cylindrical shell substructure at the bottom of the described compression molding band in the firework external cylinder is the U-shaped shape, has the cavity that long we opens above at the bottom of the U-shaped, is close to the outer garden of cylindrical shell wall and is enclosed with one deck brown paper.
(7) as each described a kind of firework external cylinder manufacture method the end of with of (5) to (6), wherein, described adhesive is certain density liquid for being diluted with water to, and the weight proportion of adhesive and water is 1: 10-15.
Form that carries out an invention and effect
Below, the present invention is carried out the detailed description of the invention.
The half-H 2 O calcium sulphate that is used for the firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band of the present invention is accurately machined half-H 2 O calcium sulphate powder, high standard cement is the above high standard cement of 600 labels, and the stem fiber dry mash can be any in straw, bagasse, cornstalk, the kaoliang stalk and their mixture; Light filler can be any in crushed crude pearlite, the sepiolite powder and their mixture, and fineness of powder is more than 100 orders.
Half-H 2 O calcium sulphate that the present invention is used and high standard cement, owing in making the band firework external cylinder at the end, having quick curing and urging to coagulate, urge hard effect, simultaneously half-H 2 O calcium sulphate also has inserts and plasticising, dampproof effect, following of normal temperature needed dryly to harden in 24 hours, therefore, using this half-H 2 O calcium sulphate in the present invention is firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band that can be made easily of the mixture of main component, and this point is extremely important.
Make the used adhesive of firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band of the present invention, preferably be diluted with water to certain density liquidly, adopt polyvinyl alcohol or amylan or colloidal sol usually.Be used at the bottom of the band of the present invention firework external cylinder protect the mould layer, preferably use 12-20 silk stalloy and 80 gram brown paper usually.Owing to be placed with stalloy and be equipped with one deck brown paper at the stalloy nexine at the casted die mould inwall; when making the firework external cylinder demoulding at the band end; stalloy automatically springs open and drops; brown paper then wraps up on the cylindrical wall of the firework external cylinder that is close to the band end; with cylindrical shell structure in aggregates, make the urceolus smooth surface attractive in appearance, pore-free; more increase the toughness and the impact strength of the firework external cylinder at the band end, simultaneously there has been protective effect on the mixture top layer.The present invention has also adopted cylindrical shell and tube disposable die pressing method of end monoblock type and the rotary die mould of pattern inner core on processing technology, overall structure is good, make urceolus internal chamber wall and nozzle after the processing smooth neat, reduced and cut paper web, sealing clay bottoming two procedures in the traditional handicraft, solved the earth dust pollution effectively, the tube end, can be because of percussion break off the base yet, thereby has guaranteed the quality that fireworks are made and seted off safety.Structurally the present invention has also adopted U-shaped tube bottom structure, has both increased the impact strength at the tube end, can reduce the dose of propellant powder again, has also strengthened the dynamics of medicine emission simultaneously.
Therefore, firework external cylinder has satisfied high strength, has been subjected to external impacts to be difficult for fragmentation at the bottom of the band of the present invention, water-fast protection against the tide, not craze and transfiguration, production efficiency height, cost is low and designing requirement such as product specification standardization, overcome that paper web moisture resistance in the existing public use technology is poor, easily loosely at the bottom of the mud come off, complex process, dirt dyes greatly, security performance is low defective.
The die mould machinery that is used for the firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band of the present invention is the self-control product; can come the firework external cylinder at the bottom of the band of the different sizes of processing and manufacturing, length, shape (can be circle or polygon) specification by the mould of changing different size, meet the needs that the mechanization of firework industry, large-scale production develop.
The specific embodiment
Below, the present invention will be described in more detail by embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Straw dry crushing material is put into crusher for crushing become 80 orders to sieve, glass fiber is cut into the 30mm segment puts into crusher for crushing and resolve into the fine fibre shape, polyvinyl alcohol is become liquid by 1: 10 proportioning thin up; Get the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, 600# cement, crushed crude pearlite mixes the back and crosses 100 mesh sieves three times, the inserts rice-straw fibre dry powder and the liquid polyvinyl alcohol that add certain component afterwards, then, putting into mixer mixes, placing a circle thickness at homemade special-purpose casted die mould inwall is 12 stalloy, place one deck 80 gram brown paper again at the internal layer of stalloy, at last, the compound that takes out in the mixer is injected in the interior mould of forming press, firework external cylinder (U-shaped bottom centre thickness is 10mm) at the bottom of the rotary compression molding band of the employing core rod U-shaped tube, mix to the formed product depanning from adding glue, be 20 minutes process time, and clamp time is 3 minutes, forming press pressure is 500kg, and air dry got final product in 24 hours after the product depanning.
Embodiment 2
Bagasse dry crushing material is put into crusher for crushing become 80 orders to sieve, glass fiber is cut into the 35mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, and the water soluble starch adhesive is become liquid by 1: 12 proportioning thin up; Get the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, 600# cement, the sepiolite dry mash mixed 100 mesh sieves three times, the inserts bagasse fibre dry powder and the liquid starch adhesive that add certain component afterwards, putting into mixer mixes, placing a circle thickness at homemade special-purpose casted die mould inwall is 16 stalloy, be coated with the last layer lubricant at the stalloy internal layer, at last, the compound that takes out in the mixer injects the interior mould of forming press, firework external cylinder (U-shaped bottom centre thickness is 10mm) at the bottom of the rotary compression molding band of the employing core rod U-shaped tube, mix to the formed product depanning from adding glue, be 23 minutes process time, clamp time is 4 minutes, and forming press pressure is 800kg, and air dry got final product in 24 hours after the product depanning.
Embodiment 3
Cornstalk dry crushing material is put into crusher for crushing becomes 80 orders to sieve, the glass silk is cut into the 40mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, colloidal sol is become liquid by 1: 15 proportioning thin up, get the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, 600# cement, crushed crude pearlite and sepiolite powder mixture mix the back and cross 100 mesh sieves three times, the inserts cornstalk fiber dry powder and the liquid colloidal sol that add certain component afterwards, putting into mixer mixes, placing a circle thickness at homemade special-purpose casted die mould inwall is 20 stalloy, place one deck 80 gram brown paper again at the internal layer of stalloy, at last, the compound that takes out in the mixer injects the interior mould of forming press, the firework external cylinder (U-shaped bottom centre thickness is 10mm) at the bottom of the rotary compression molding band of the employing core rod U-shaped tube; Mix to the product depanning from adding glue, be 25 minutes process time, and clamp time is 5 minutes, and forming press pressure is 1000kg, and air dry got final product in 24 hours after the product depanning.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with is characterized in that, is main component with stem fiber, glass, half-H 2 O calcium sulphate, light filler, high standard cement and adhesive.
2, a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with, fibroid cane dry crushing material is ground into fine powder through pulverizer crosses 80 mesh sieves, the glass silk is cut into the 30mm-40mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, again with the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, high standard cement, after light filler mixed 100 mesh sieves three times, the stem fiber dry mash that adds certain component, glass and adhesive, mix through mixer, take out compound, inject in the mid-forming press that is placed with one deck stalloy and brown paper of pattern, adopt the rotary disposable integral compression moulding of core rod, carry out air dry and make; Its urceolus shape, size, length can be decided according to the specification needs of different firework products.
3, a kind of firework external cylinder as claimed in claim 2 the end of with, wherein, the U type that the is configured to shape of cylindrical shell at the bottom of the disposable compression molding band in firework external cylinder bottom has the cavity that long we opens above at the bottom of the U-shaped, is close to cylindrical shell cylindrical wall and is enclosed with one deck brown paper.
4, as each described a kind of firework external cylinder the end of with of claim 1-3, wherein, adhesive is certain density liquid for being diluted with water to, and the weight proportion of adhesive and water is 1: 10-15.
5, a kind of manufacture method of the firework external cylinder the end of with, it is characterized in that, fibroid cane dry crushing material is ground into fine powder through pulverizer crosses 80 mesh sieves, the glass silk is cut into the 30mm-40mm segment to be put into crusher for crushing and resolves into the fine fibre shape, again with the half-H 2 O calcium sulphate of certain component, high standard cement, after light filler mixed 100 mesh sieves three times, the stem fiber dry mash that adds certain component, glass and adhesive, mix through mixer, take out compound, inject in the mid-forming press that is placed with one deck stalloy and brown paper of pattern, adopt the rotary disposable integral compression moulding of core rod, carry out air dry at last; Its urceolus shape, size, length can be decided according to the specification needs of different firework products.
6, a kind of firework external cylinder manufacture method as claimed in claim 5 the end of with, its feature also is, the U type that the is configured to shape of the cylindrical shell bottom at the bottom of the described disposable compression molding band in the firework external cylinder, have the cavity that long we opens above at the bottom of the U-shaped, be close to cylindrical shell cylindrical wall and be enclosed with one deck brown paper.
7, as each described a kind of firework external cylinder manufacture method the end of with of claim 5-6, its feature is that also described adhesive is certain density liquid for being diluted with water to, and the weight proportion of adhesive and water is 1: 10-15.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100450387A CN100344933C (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100450387A CN100344933C (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1595045A true CN1595045A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN100344933C CN100344933C (en) | 2007-10-24 |
Family
ID=34665593
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100450387A Expired - Fee Related CN100344933C (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100344933C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101377395B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-04-11 | 黄明初 | Pressure forming firework external cylinder and fireworks display marble casing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102432248A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 杨伟波 | Environment-friendly firework material composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787619A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 张宗贤 | Firework set-off barrel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106313305A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 朱国家 | Carrier material and technique for launching tube component special for fireworks |
| CN108981494A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-11 | 邓宗兵 | A kind of production method of fireworks casing |
| CN109029154A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-18 | 邓宗兵 | The production method of fireworks casing |
| CN109029142A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-18 | 黄仁 | A kind of fireworks bobbin |
| CN114754630A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-15 | 黄俊豪 | Burning-resistant firework flame projecting barrel |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86209251U (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1987-12-05 | 周胜强 | Firecrackers-or fireworks-shell punching die without use of rolled paper |
| CN1067116A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1992-12-16 | 张宗贤 | Suppress method for making special shell of fire cracker with waste paper fibre |
| CN1195765A (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1998-10-14 | 徐欢龙 | Process for directly manufacturing fireworks pellet ball case by using yellow plate paper pulp |
| ES2157837B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2002-03-01 | Gomez Miguel Angel Dolcet | NEW COMPOSITION FOR PIROTECNIA HOUSES |
| JP2001343200A (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Fuugetsu:Kk | Used paper mold spheric crust for skyrocket and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN1392388A (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-22 | 刘文富 | Method for producing fireworks shell |
| CN1405526A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-03-26 | 钟执兴 | Minearal fireworks display shell case and its production method |
| CN1434267A (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-06 | 周辉升 | Method for producing fireworks casing |
| CN1414337A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2003-04-30 | 朱小东 | Fire works display projectile shell pulp moulding shaping technology |
| CN1401968A (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2003-03-12 | 罗普月 | Making of firework ball shell using used plastics and husk of rice, and method thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-07-14 CN CNB2004100450387A patent/CN100344933C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101377395B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-04-11 | 黄明初 | Pressure forming firework external cylinder and fireworks display marble casing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102432248A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 杨伟波 | Environment-friendly firework material composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787619A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 张宗贤 | Firework set-off barrel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106313305A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 朱国家 | Carrier material and technique for launching tube component special for fireworks |
| CN108981494A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-11 | 邓宗兵 | A kind of production method of fireworks casing |
| CN109029154A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-18 | 邓宗兵 | The production method of fireworks casing |
| CN109029154B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-07-14 | 邓宗兵 | Production method of firework shell |
| CN109029142A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-18 | 黄仁 | A kind of fireworks bobbin |
| CN109029142B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-10-16 | 黄仁 | Fireworks bobbin |
| CN114754630A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-15 | 黄俊豪 | Burning-resistant firework flame projecting barrel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100344933C (en) | 2007-10-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101638874B (en) | Method for preparing fiber wallboard through wet process | |
| CN102731019B (en) | Method for preparing compound board substrate by using waste yam diosgenin fibers | |
| RU2403090C2 (en) | Fibrous materials and composites | |
| CN100366663C (en) | Compositions and composites of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and resins, and methods of making the same | |
| DK2508263T3 (en) | PROCEDURE FOR COMPRESSING FIBER MATERIAL | |
| CN101203315B (en) | Fiber material and composite material | |
| CN105400052A (en) | Chinese medicine residue reinforced reprocessed plastic composite material, and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100344933C (en) | Firework outer cylinder with bottoms and method for making same | |
| CN106458749A (en) | A mixture, a process and a mold for manufacturing recyclable and degradable articles | |
| CN104004370B (en) | Production technology for plastic-wood plate with mixed color | |
| CN101078184A (en) | Forming method for plant fibre | |
| CN101337373B (en) | Preparation method of silver-grass fiber board of medium density | |
| US20120193828A1 (en) | Wet process of fabricating fiber wall panels | |
| CN102487606A (en) | Reed composite material, method for producing a reed composite material, and construction material using same | |
| CN102888787B (en) | Technology for preparing composite packaging material from waste paper and bamboos | |
| CN1031959A (en) | Artificial composite plank and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN102674791A (en) | Sheet material made of oil palm fibres and magnesium oxide and method for producing same | |
| KR101000337B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing artificial mixed wood | |
| CN104761819A (en) | Method for preparing polyethylene-based wood-plastic composite material by utilizing bamboo powder | |
| CN102886799A (en) | Process for preparing bamboo rib reinforced composite packaging material by utilizing waste paper and bamboo | |
| CN102980447A (en) | Manufacturing method of bottomed combined firework outer tube | |
| CN100363161C (en) | Artificial wood and its production method | |
| CN101691812B (en) | Composite square material used in building operations | |
| CN101767482A (en) | Plastic-bamboo composite material machining machine and plastic-bamboo composite material | |
| CN106277971A (en) | A kind of hot-forming alkaline residue building waste sheet material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |