CN1588898A - Method for addressing and routing in internet accoring to path - Google Patents
Method for addressing and routing in internet accoring to path Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a method for addressing in terms of paths and routing in Internet. The method provides a description of positions and paths of nodes of uniqueness in the internal network, namely the address sequence begins from a shared network address with one or several private addressed following it a selectable way on the IP head, which makes nodes applying internal network addresses to address in Internet and enables the IP packet with these nodes as the target to route in Internet. Advantages: 1. completely competitive with the current IPV4, 2. fully utilizing and carrying on the mature technology of IPV4.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of network and the communications field, mainly be a kind of in the Internet method of addressing and route by path, this method that adopts (and being not only the address) addressing by path and route in the Internet, purpose is to properly settle the problem of IP address capability deficiency.
Background introduction
Present the Internet is based upon IP rules (i.e. " agreement ") the 4th edition, is on the IPv4 basis that these rules have experienced the test of many decades, and various technology are quite ripe, and show extremely strong vitality.But people recognize IPv4 for a long time individual shortcoming is arranged, that address (being the IP address) that is exactly it is 32, thereby the capacity of address is big inadequately, and address space is too little in other words.
Everyly to network, and require the machine and equipment that in net, can be addressed, all need the operator who in the administrative department of the Internet or hand, possesses the IP address to apply for the distributing IP address.It all is unique in the global range distributing the IP address that obtains, thereby can not conflict with other machine.In fact, just because of the IP address is unique, it is only and can be addressed, and is that the IP bag of destination (target) is only " but route " with this address.But IP address is both through distributing, and generally speaking it is just by " consumption ".The capacity of 32 bit address space approximately is 4,500,000,000 addresses, and this has been astronomical figure at the initial stage of internet development, and is little in fact but people recognize this space soon, soon will be depleted.
Because developed country begins to develop the Internet for a long time, gets involved carving up of IP address for a long time, so problem is also so not outstanding comparatively speaking.For the developing country as the late comer, this problem is just more outstanding.It is said the existing netizen of China more than 100,000,000, and distribute to the shortage of ip address 30,000,000 of China.As for the countries and regions of developing more lately, problem is just more serious.In fact, even in the U.S., the problem of IP address storage deficiency has also caused the attention of height.
Up to now, people attempt from both direction, solve or alleviate this problem by two different technology paths.
Article one, route is to make a fresh start, and has defined the IP protocol IP v6 of a new edition (sixth version), in this agreement the length of IP address is made into 128, makes address space become so big and is unlikely to depleted in foreseeable future., the change of address size means the change of information " bag " form, and the difference of IPv6 and IPv4 also not only is the form of address size and " bag " head, and this feasible migration from IPv4 to IPv6 is difficult and costly.To this, the vice president Tony Bates of Cisco System Co. says right: " migration from IPv4 to IPv6 has revolutionary difficulty, but be not revolutionary breakthrough ".Why so say so because: except that the address space size, in fact IPv6 thing (as QoS or the like) IPv4 that can accomplish can both accomplish that almost the thing that IPv4 can not accomplish (as safety or the like) then IPv6 can not be accomplished in fact.Just because of this, the proposition of IPv6 had more than 10 years, many, dried the lacking of but still saying so far.And IPv6 does not stand the practicality test under large-scale network environment as yet so far, and this makes that also people's significant care is careful.
Another route is improved, some addresses have been marked in the secondary IP address as " private net address " (or " interior net address ", in this article two explicans of " private network " and " Intranet " identical, can exchange), these addresses do not need the application, can freely select for use.Certainly, private net address can not be globally unique, so be (so-called " addressable " is exactly uniquely to find target definitely) of " unaddressable " in " public network ", thereby be (so-called " but route " is exactly can both determine at each fork toward where walking) of " can not route ", the router in the public network is to being that the IP of target wraps and will not transmit with the private net address.Therefore private net address can only be used in concrete " Intranet ", have only there it be only unique, do not conflict mutually.But, for the router (or " three-tier switch ") that is used in the Intranet, private net address also is " but route ".Because the use of private net address, the typical structure form of the Internet have become on public network lodge a lot of Intranets (private networks) gradually, each Intranet inserts public network by (or several) " gateway " router.Because gateway hangs on the public network, it must have individual public network address, and gateway then can use private net address with interior all " nodes ".On the other hand, because private net address is non-routable, when the node in the Intranet need pass through public network and communicates, just can not use the address of himself on public network, and have to temporarily use the public network address of gateway, this kind technology is called " network address translation ", is NAT.The not enough problem of distributing in IP address has been alleviated in the development of the use of private net address and NAT technology greatly, but does not tackle the problem at its root, and people's prediction just very will exhaust after the public network address of more than 3 years IPv4.Say that again the application of NAT also exists many limitations.On the other hand, though can use private net address in Intranet, private net address also has the problem that exhausts when being on a grand scale of Intranet, because private network structure now logically all is plane (individual layer), rather than multilayer.So, continue in statu quo to use the also whole non-permanent machine of IPv4.
Having does not so have a kind of method, makes in the framework of IPv4, only IPv4 done trickle expansion and just can solve the not enough problem of distributing in IP address? the present invention just provides a kind of like this method.
IPv4 is carried out deep analysis and thinking, and what just can find that IPv4 adopts is simple by addressing of address (with path independence, in other words with the location independent of node).Just because of be simple by addressing of address, each address of node just must be unique, and this has just had the depleted problem in address.On the other hand, just because of private net address is not global unique, just can not route in public network.Further, just because of private net address must be unique in same Intranet, just also have the problem that exhausts.So problem goes out merely by addressing of address.As long as the length of address is (as 32) that fix, just always depleted, unless the length of address is considerably beyond actual needs.And surpass the address size of actual needs, and the length of each bag is unnecessarily extended, both increased the burden of Network Transmission, also increased the burden that each router is on the way handled.
Yet if addressing by path, that has not just required the uniqueness of address.This is that in fact the path has illustrated the position of target because the address is the part in the path.So, even the address is identical, as long as the path is unique just passable.Illustrate it: address " No. 123 " certainly only have uniqueness thereby addressable in a very little scope only in a very little scope; " but No. 123, Zhongshan Road " just had uniqueness in entire city; And " No. 123, Zhongshan Road, Hangzhou " is exactly globally unique.In fact, " No. 123, Zhongshan Road, Hangzhou " is a globally unique address, adds simultaneously and understands a paths, arrives first Hangzhou (railway station) that is:, arrives the Zhongshan Road again, again to No. 123.(railway station) may be not only one to the path of destination from Hangzhou, but shortest path but has only one, if we are interpreted as the shortest " legal " path to " path ", that is exactly unique.Why like this, be because " Hangzhou " is unique, and " No. 123, Zhongshan Road " is unique in inside, Hangzhou, " Hangzhou " both was equivalent to a public network address in " world " this " public network " here, was representing a private network again; And " Zhongshan Road " is a private net address in this private network, representing the private network of next level again, and " No. 123 " then are private net addresses in following one deck private network.Same reason, if the head that we wrap at IP comprises this IP and wraps in one section shortest path that (from the public network to the private network, to destination node) can be walked in the net, so as long as first (public network) address is unique, and follow-up private net address also is unique in the private network at place at it separately, just can determine a destination node uniquely with this section path.Another example is the structure of computer file system.If all files are all left under the same catalogue, form " plane " structure of a kind of individual layer, the filename of All Files all must be unique so., if file is stored in respectively in the catalogue of multilayer, it is unique just passable that just need only pathname.For example: " client contact/north and south finishing/agreement .doc " and " client's water power at contact/dawn/client's contact/agreement .doc ", though filename all is " agreement .doc ", but they are present in the different catalogues, and different pathnames is arranged, and just can not obscure mutually.
This shows, as long as in explanation, comprise enough routing informations about the address, just can be with target and the source of private net address as visit, and private net address can be in the Intranet of multilayer recurrence use, thereby in fact no longer be subjected to the restriction of address space capacity.
Summary of the invention
At the defective of prior art, the invention provides a kind of in the Internet method of addressing and route by path.This method changes minimum to existing IPv4 rules, and with the compatible fully condition of IPv4 under solved the problem of IP address capability deficiency.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: this in the Internet method of addressing and route by path, provide description at the head of IP bag in the mode of option, promptly by a public network address beginning, back address sequence with one or several private net address (or one or several private net address, back with a public network address) to the position/path of node in Intranet with uniqueness; And with this foundation as addressing, the node of net address is become in the Internet can addressing, and to make with these nodes be that the IP of target wraps in can route in the Internet.Its effect is the not enough problem of using in address that has solved IPv4.
Because the present invention is changing the problem that has solved the address capability deficiency under the minimum and compatible fully condition to existing IPv4 rules, comparing with IPv6, it has following advantage:
● compatible fully with existing IPv4, can realize the most level and smooth transition, also can and deposit with IPv4.
● make full use of and inherit IPv4 mature technique already.
● infrastructure such as the router in the public network need not change fully, thereby have protected the original investment of operator to the full extent.
● the equipment that needs to change concentrates on concrete Intranet, helps progressively transition.
● software realizes that still the hardware realization is all easy than IPv6, can reduce the cost of relevant devices greatly.
● the length of address descriptor is unfixing, determines fully on demand, can get rid of unnecessary spending.
● interior net address all is local, need not application and distributes, and is easy to management.
Though be also pointed out that above-mentioned implementation, essence of the present invention, (and being not only individual address) addressing promptly by path, be to apply on other network protocol fully at IPv4.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be used for illustrating of the present invention in the IPv4 network schematic diagram of addressing and route by path.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples enforcement of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment: consider address descriptor earlier for an imaginary target:
101.202.10.11??192.168.100.31??10.40.120.3???192.168.100.31
This section path is the address sequence that is made of four IP addresses.First IP address 101.202.10.11 wherein is a public network address, belongs to certain ISP (Internet Service Provider), is representing the gateway of the Intranet that enters this ISP.Second address 192.168.100.31 is the private net address in this Intranet, representing the big customer of this ISP, is assumed to " sunlight sub-district ".And there is individual Intranet sunlight sub-district oneself, and 192.168.100.31 is exactly the address of its gateway in the ISP Intranet.The 3rd address 10.40.120.3 is again a private net address, representing a resident family in the sunlight sub-district, is the address of home gateway in the Intranet of sub-district of this resident family.At last, the 4th address 192.168.100.31 is a private net address in this in-home, perhaps is the IP address of a refrigerator.Notice that the 4th address and second address all are 192.168.100.31, but, handled by different gateway (router), so can not obscure owing to their position differences in the path.In other words, identical interior net address can recurrence use, and this just makes address capability dynamically be expanded neatly.Like this, use this path, just can penetrate the refrigerator that three-layer network closes this family of visit, for example long-range its temperature that is provided with from the outside by the Internet.Further, if there are many independent parts of being visited that need refrigerator inside, can also be again whole refrigerator as an Intranet, all specify an interior net address for each parts, the destination address when making its parts of visit is described and is become the path that is made of five IP addresses.
For destination address is like this, also is the same for source address, and just the direction that wraps in when passing by this section path of IP is opposite.
Generally speaking, owing to private net address can recurrence be reused, and the length in path can change on demand, and address capability just no longer becomes problem.And application be decided and be need not to private net address can in its sole discretion by place Network Management person (for example keeper of sub-district Intranet) fully, and the adding of new node and cancel and just become pure internal affairs is very flexible.In addition, in traditional IPv4 network,, generally (NAT generally can only be used for initiate session) that can not initiatively initiate to visit the Intranet node from the outside by the Intranet node because interior net address can not route in public network.And now, adopted after the addressing by path, this obstacle also just no longer exists.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of addressing by path, and " the IP cloud form " among the figure is exactly the main part of people daily said " internet " or " public network ".Each node in the public network all has public network address, generally all is router.The node that is drawn on the cloud form boundary line is called " edge (edge) node ", and the edge node is connecting user node, and these nodes also all have public network address.User node can be the logical computer of a Daepori, also can be " gateway " that enter private network, is actually the router of a kind of special (being different from the cloud form used).The what is called ours here " public network " then is meant the IP cloud form and the summation of the node that directly links to each other with cloud form.Obviously, these nodes all have public network address.
Also can use router in the private network, but be different from the router in the public network, because public network router refusal uses private net address, the VPN route device is then accepted private net address and route in addition.So-called " three-tier switch " then is equivalent to the VPN route device.
The address of some VPN route device also can not appear in the path description, just is in the same level with each " subnet " that it directly links to each other at that rate.(private network) address of each node must be unique in same level.So when containing a plurality of private net address in the path description, except that last (or the most preceding) one, each middle private net address is all representing one to be used for the router of layering, i.e. " gateway ".Physical connection same in the private network can form different logical constructions, promptly different hierarchical structures because of the difference of path description.So the router that its address appears in the path description all plays a part gateway.If have only a private net address (and a public network address) in the path description, that just represents nodes all in the private network all in same level, and everybody is exactly this kind private network structure in usefulness at present.Certainly, like that can not recurrence use private net address.Obviously, the path description that contains a plurality of private net addresses is being represented more general structural form, and only contain a private net address the path description representative be a kind of special case.But how the level of private network is divided, and whether concrete router appears in the path description, and the length of path description, and these do not influence the essence of addressing by path.
Suppose that the source node 10.40.18.2 in the private network of Fig. 1 left side sends an IP bag, its target is the 192.168.100.31 (all being private net address) of below, right side, then:
● source end route segment, promptly the IP bag enters public network path before, and as going up to shown in the arrow among the figure, it is described as: " 156.3.27.86192.168.3.45 10.40.18.2 ".The starting point of this route segment is exactly source node 10.40.18.2, and terminal point is exactly the top layer gateway 156.3.27.86 in left side, and the direction that the IP bag transmits is from bottom to top.Here the address except that terminal point all is a private net address.As special case, just there is not source end route segment if source node itself just (has public network address) in public network, and has only one " source address ".
● the public network route segment, the IP bag enters after the public network, and its path (route of being passed by) generally is uncertain, dynamically formed by all multi-routers in the public network.
● the destination end route segment, i.e. the later stretch footpath (seeing the right side) of IP bag target approach one side private network, it is described as: " 101.202.10.11192.168.100.31 10.40.120.3 192.168.100.31 ", following to shown in the arrow as among the figure.The starting point of this route segment is exactly the top layer gateway 101.202.10.11 on right side, and terminal point is exactly destination node 192.168.100.31, and the direction that the IP bag transmits is from top to bottom.As special case, just there is not the destination end route segment if destination node itself just (has public network address) in public network, and has only one " destination address ".
These three sections paths lump together, and have just constituted entire path.In traditional IPv4, the public network route segment generally only shows as IP (public network) address of two end points, i.e. source address and destination address, and all the other two route segments are non-existent.Essence of the present invention just is embodied in having added IPv4 for the description of source end route segment and destination end route segment.Because the existence of these two route segments has just become the route segment description of variable-length from the address of former IPv4 and (newly) IPv6 regular length to the explanation of source node and destination node.And the benefit that adopts variable-length is to be convenient to expand on the one hand, is that (when there is no need) can not cause waste on the other hand.
Yet, significantly do not changing under the prerequisite of IPv4 package head format, how can just hold these routing informations down? this is not difficult in fact, because some options are used in the original just permission of IPv4 in packet header.Be the explanation this point, we have a look the structure in IPv4 packet header earlier, and are as shown in table 1:
| Version number, numbering of length or the like bag or the like |
| Upper strata rules number, error detection code, or the like |
| IP source address IP destination address |
| Data |
Table 1
The head of IP bag is made of 4 32 " long word " at least, i.e. 20 bytes.These 4 long words are divided into many positions section, and what be concerned about here has:
● version number, the version number of IPv4 are 4, and the version number of IPv6 is 6.The head construction of IPv6 is different with IPv4's, but first section of first long word all is a version number.
● head length generally is 5, represents 5 long words (20 bytes).Also has option between the data of head and institute's carrying if just be illustrated in greater than 5.
● total length, the total length of bag comprises head and data.
● IP source address and IP destination address, each 32.In public network, can only use public network address.
If head length, just illustrates that (back of IP destination address) also has one or several option in the packet header greater than 5, its form is generally as shown in table 2:
| Operation code, length, pointer |
Table 2
First long word is wherein comprising operation code, length, pointer equipotential section.Wherein:
● operation code, the effect and the purposes of this option are described, IPv4 has defined tens of kinds of different options.For example, " time stamp (timestamp) " option requires on the way that each router stays time mark in this option.But concrete router is not necessarily supported all options, runs into not to be familiar with or unsupported option will be skipped (not conduct).
● length, represent the physical length of this option.According to the length of the length in packet header and treated option, just can know whether also have other option and position (if any) thereof in the packet header.
● pointer when the more than long word of the data in the option, will allow current data item (long word) in this option of pointed.
One of defined option of IPv4 is " source path (Source Route) ", means " by the path of source node regulation ".As mentioned above, the IP bag enters after the public network, and its path (route of being passed by) generally is uncertain, dynamically formed by all multi-routers in the public network.But, in IPv4, the source end of concrete IP bag can be specified its path in public network by using " source path " option, Here it is " source path (SourceRoute) ", and option (in fact has two, i.e. " strict source path " and " loose source path "), be used for predesignating a paths by the source node of IP bag for it, its form is:
Command code (code of source path is 137)+path+current pointer (totally 32)
" first jumps " IP (public network) address, (32)
" second jumps " IP (public network) address, (32)
.....
Obviously, this wants the routing information of carrying to us is very similar, and only the IP address in the source path option all is a public network address and do not allow interior net address, and the user of these information is the routers in the public network.The routing information that we want carrying then is that the back is with net address in several with a public network address beginning, and the user of these information then is the gateway of each layer Intranet.Also have, information in the source path option is that the whole process with whole public network path interrelates, the routing information that we want carrying then only with the two ends in path, promptly enter stretch footpath before the public network, and pass public network, enter the stretch footpath after the ground floor Intranet from source node.
For this reason, we are as long as define two options again for IPv4, and for example " source end route segment " and " destination end route segment " are just.Even directly also not having can not with " source path " options (expand its definition, make it comprise source end Intranet address field, public network address section and destination end Intranet address field three parts).On the other hand, just still identical if in some concrete bag, do not use these new options (or expansion) with existing IPv4, and do not cause any infringement.Otherwise, if used these new options (or expansion) in the IP bag, and the gateway in the Intranet is not still supported these options on the way, then just these IP wrap the destination node that can not penetrate in the gateway arrival Intranet, also the behavioral trait with existing IPv4 identical (generally still can communicate by NAT this moment).
For improving the treatment effeciency of gateway (router), can also stipulate:
● as long as having " source end route segment " option, just must be first option in the packet header.
● as long as having " destination end route segment " option, just must be first or second option (whether look source end route segment option exists) in the packet header.
But this does not relate to the present invention's essence of addressing and route by path.
Adopted after this method, although in two sections paths of source and target, all may contain private net address, in case but IP wraps in the process that enters public network and walk in public network, the source address of its head and destination address all must be public network addresses, identical with traditional IPv4, so as long as the router in the public network, has been ignored the option (are " the unknown " options for these routers) that increases newly by original rule route in addition just.In fact, the joint of the 4.2.2.6 among the RFC-1812 is exactly so to stipulate for " the unknown " option.In other words, the router in the public network be need not to be upgraded each layer gateway in the just private network that needs to upgrade.This had both helped the employing of this technology, had protected original investment again to the full extent.
Because all changes all are to realize in the framework of IPv4 and rules, and the method for the invention is presented as certain expansion to IPv4 on implementation, we might as well be having adopted the later IPv4 of the method for the invention to call IPv4+.
Adopted after the IPv4+, under opposite extreme situations, as long as there are several public network addresses of going up in a country, even only a public network address is just passable.Because the Internet of whole country can be a system that is made of the multilayer private network, the private net address that can distribute is voluntarily all used in this individual system inside, and just " door " of this individual system just must have individual public network address.
Now specify enforcement of the present invention as follows:
1. increase by two new options " source end route segment " and " destination end route segment " in the option of the packet header of IPv4 rules, form is identical with original " source path " option.
● also can directly utilize " source path " option, but like that original definition slightly be changed, and can increase the weight of the complexity of router processing on the way.Define new option, utilize existing option, or the definition of the existing option of modification does not change the present invention's essence of addressing by path.
● also can be merged into an option, but also can increase the weight of the complexity of router processing on the way like that.Equally, how to define option and also do not change the present invention's essence of addressing by path.
2. during networking, from public network, the ground floor private network inserts public network by gateway (router), and be private net address of each node distribution in the ground floor private network.The ground floor private network can be divided into one or more subnets, and these subnets all are on the same level.The gateway of ground floor private network (router) has individual public network address in public network.
3. if necessary, can again second layer private network be inserted the ground floor private network by gateway (router), and be that each node distributes a private net address in the second layer private network.Second layer private network also can be divided into one or more subnets, and these subnets all are on the same level.The gateway of second layer private network (router) has (ground floor) private net address in the ground floor private network.Adjacent private network should adopt different subnet address.Under analogize, to the number of plies of private network without limits.
4. for each node in each layer private network, principle according to " generating tree " is determined the shortest path (section) that a public network access point with ground floor private network gateway (router) is a starting point, and each node in the path (target of each jumping) all is a gateway (router).Each such path (section) all is with the beginning of the public network address of ground floor private network gateway (router), and the back is with 0 or the IP address sequence of net address in several, and each sequence is all being determined a node in the net uniquely.If the number of interior net address is 0, just illustrate this be can direct addressin in public network node, thereby can not use path description and only be to use its public network address.What obtain like this is " description of destination end route segment " of concrete node, also is its " description of source end route segment ".
5. when a node sends the IP bag, fill in the IP address sequence of destination node the head of IP bag, concrete grammar is:
● the number as interior net address in the infructescence is 0 (having only a public network address), just public network address is filled in destination address position section, does not need to add option, and the IP packet header of this moment and existing IPv4's is just the same.
● non-0 as the number of net address in the infructescence, just with first address of this sequence, be that public network address fills in destination address position section, the while must be added " destination end route segment " option in header.Comprise the entire I P address sequence of destination node in the option, and make " current pointer " point to first, be the public network address in the sequence." path " in the option also must fill in by physical length.
6. if source node is an Intranet node, then also should have " source end route segment " option in the IP packet header, method is the same, be (private network) address of this node, be that last address fills in source address position section (but not destination address position section), and make " current pointer " point to last, and the next address of (from bottom to top) in the end route segment of source is filled in destination address position section.In addition, as long as have source end route segment option in the packet header, just must have the destination end route segment simultaneously; Even destination address is a public network address just, also should add the destination end route segment option that has only a public network address.This is because need use destination address position section in the packet header when carrying out route in the multilayer Intranet.
● when destination address is that public network address, source node are when being an Intranet node, also can not add destination end route segment option, and allow each layer gateway of source end all IP bag be transmitted to last layer " default gateway ", until entering public network, but successively do not change destination address position section (seeing the 8th).But make the algorithm of gateway complicated on the contrary like that, notion is also clear inadequately.Such details does not change the present invention's essence of addressing by path.
7. for the IP bag that is derived from the Intranet node, if the pointer of its source end route segment option does not point to first address of (the superiors) in this sequence as yet, just explanation does not enter public network as yet.This moment, Intranet gateway on the way need be compared its " destination end route segment " address sequence and " source end route segment " sequence, if partially overlap and the address of this gateway just, last address of intersection, just illustrate that destination node and source node all are derived from that one deck Intranet at this gateway place, thereby this IP bag upwards should not sent into public network, and should begin to carry out route/forwarding the Intranet from this node.Should make first address of (the superiors) in this sequence of pointed of source end route segment option this moment, and make pointer in " destination end route segment " option directly point to its next in this layer Intranet to jump target (dress up pass through public network come destination end), and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, then as target route and forwarding in addition.
8. otherwise (if two sequences do not have superposed part) further checks " the source end route segment " option in the packet header, " current pointer " in the option up advanced, make it point to the next item up, be the previous IP address in the sequence, and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, just look like that to change a label the same, as target route and forwarding in addition, make it arrive at the target of next jumping then.The rest may be inferred by analogy.
9. when IP wraps the top layer gateway of arrival source end,, then make its " current pointer " point to first IP address (this address should conform to the public network address of gateway) of (the superiors) in the sequence if having " source end route segment " option.This address is filled in source address position section in the packet header, and first IP address (should be public network address) in the destination end route segment option is filled in destination address position section in the packet header, then as target route and forwarding in addition.
10. the router in the public network is pressed destination address position section (public network address) forwarding in the IP bag separately, and " destination end route segment " option in the ignorance packet header and " source end route segment " option, at last the IP bag is sent to the gateway (router) of destination end top layer private network, the destination address position section in the IP bag does not change during this period.
11. the gateway (router) of target side top layer private network is checked " destination end route segment " option in the packet header, " current pointer " in the option down advanced, make it point to the next item down, be first the interior net address in the sequence, and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, just look like that to change a label the same, as target route and forwarding in addition, make it arrive at the target of next jumping then.The rest may be inferred by analogy.
12. when the IP bag arrived destination node, if having " destination end route segment " option, then its " current pointer " should point to last the IP address in the sequence, this address should conform to the address of destination node.
13.IP after bag arrived destination node, destination node checked in the IP packet header whether have source end route segment option.If any just it being duplicated down the destination end route segment option that is used as the other side, when wrapping, uses IP for oppositely sending.Otherwise the source address in the packet header is duplicated, be used as destination address when IP wraps for oppositely sending.
14. generally speaking, when such IP wraps in each layer Intranet that is in source end or destination end, the destination address position section in its packet header all has interior net address (except that the final jump in the end Intranet of source), and each gateway in the path all will be according to the destination address position section in the content changing packet header of " destination end route segment " option when transmitting this type of IP bag.And in being in public network the time, then the destination address position section in its packet header all has public network address, and can not change.The source address position Duan Ze in packet header had the interior net address of source node before entering public network, enter the public network address that makes source end top layer gateway behind the public network into, after this no longer changed.
Above first illustrated that the present invention is to expansion that IPv4 did.Second and third, four the how networking later on of employing the method for the invention has been described, and path description how to determine a concrete node.These four is essence of the present invention place, and all the other are every then to be detailed rules for the implementation.
How node of the 5th and the 6th explanation (can be universal or special computer or any other device and the equipment that has the IP network communication capacity as client, server, router, fire compartment wall, gateway or the like) need be provided with when other node sends the IP bag in the packet header for information about.How the gateway of the 7th to the 9th explanation source end Intranet should be handled and forwarding has the IP bag of routing information (option).How the tenth explanation public network router treats such IP bag.Such IP bag should be handled and transmit to the gateway of the 11 and the tenth binomial explanation destination end Intranet how.The 13 illustrates that then a terminal node is receiving so later processing method of IP bag.At last, the 14 is a summary, and this also is substantial.
It needs to be noted: as a kind of concrete realization, some details here are not unique, and can change to some extent, but the difference of details does not influence essence of the present invention.
The false code that further provides relevant algorithm is below described.
Send the IP bag
Input: the destination end route segment is described, data buffer zone pointer and data length,
20 bytes " basic packet header " buffering area as " rough draft ".
Algorithm:
The route segment of source end route segment description=this node is described;
If (source end path segment length＞1)
{
According to source end route segment structure source end route segment options is described;
According to the destination end route segment establishing target end route segment options is described;
This IP addresses of nodes is filled up to source address position section in the basic packet header;
First address (must be public network address) during destination address=destination end route segment is described;
Destination address is filled up to destination address position section in the basic packet header;
}
Else/* dead terminal route segment options */
{
This IP addresses of nodes is filled up to source address position section in the basic packet header;
If (destination end path segment length＞1)
{
According to the destination end route segment establishing target end route segment options is described;
}
First address (must be public network address) during destination address=destination end route segment is described;
Destination address is filled up to destination address position section in the basic packet header;
}
Packet header length=20 bytes+source end route segment options length (if any)
+ destination end route segment options length (if any);
According to packet header length " packet header length " position section in the basic packet header is set;
Version number's position section in the basic packet header is arranged to 4;
The setting of other sections is identical with Traditional IP v4 in the basic packet header;
According to packet header length and data length distributing IP bag buffering area.
With basic packet header, source end route segment options, destination end route segment options and data
Copy in the IP bag buffering area;
IP is wrapped buffering area pay the link layer transmission;
/ * end */
Receive the IP bag
Input: the length of IP bag buffer pointer and bag.
Algorithm:
Check the version number's position section in the packet header;
If (version number==4)
{
" packet header length " position section in length=packet header, packet header;
If (packet header length＞5)/* have option */
{
If (first option is a source end route segment)/* source end route segment must be first option */
{
End route segment description=source, source end route segment option;
If (next option is the destination end route segment)
{
Destination end route segment description=destination end route segment option;
}
else
{
Report an error; / * need only active end route segment just must have destination end route segment */
}
If (pointer in the end route segment option of source does not point to first address)
{
/ * do not enter as yet public network */
Reference source end route segment is described and the destination end route segment is described;
If (have public part and
(last address of public part conforms to this node address))
{
Transmit the IP bag./ * see below */
}
Else/* dead terminal route segment option */if (first option is the destination end route segment)
Destination end route segment description=destination end route segment option; If (destination address in the packet header conform to this node address and
(driftlessness end route segment option or
Last address of pointed in the destination end route segment option))
The other side's route segment description=source end route segment is described; Use * when/* wraps for the reverse IP of transmission/
This IP bag is a target with this node, is submitted to application layer or last layer network protocol; Else
{
Transmit the IP bag./ * see below */
}
}
Else/* do not have option */
{
The processing of Traditional IP v4.
}
}
Else/* be not IPv4*/
{
The processing of other rules (as IPv6);
}
/ * end */
Transmit the IP bag
Input: the length of IP bag buffer pointer and bag, source end route segment is described, and the destination end route segment is described.
Algorithm:
Pointer in the option of end path, inspection source;
If (dead terminal route segment option or
(first address of pointed in the end route segment option of source and
This address!=this node address))
{
/ * passed through public network arrive destination end */
If (driftlessness end route segment option)
{
The processing of Traditional IP v4;
}
else
{
If (the pointer indication in the destination end route segment option==this node address)
{
This node of/* in path description, thereby be gateway */
Make the pointed next address in the destination end route segment option;
Destination address position section in the packet header is filled in this address;
}
else
{
This node of/* not in path description, thereby be ordinary router */
Traditional IP v4 Intranet route or three layers of exchange;
}
Else/* do not enter public network as yet, also source end */
Reference source end route segment is described and the destination end route segment is described;
If (have public part and
(last address of public part conforms to this node address))
{
Make first address of pointed in the end route segment option of source;
/ * pretend to pass through public network */
In destination end route segment option, find this address of node;
Make this address of node of pointed in the destination end route segment option;
/ * pretend to be routed to this node */
}
If (first address of pointed in the end route segment option of source)
{
This node of/* be source end top layer gateway */
The public network address of this node is filled in source address position section in the packet header;
Make first address of pointed in the destination end route segment option;
Destination address position section in the packet header is filled in this address;
}
Else/* be not top layer gateway */
{
If (the pointer indication in the destination end route segment option==this node address)
{
This node of/* in path description, thereby be gateway */
Make address on the pointed in the destination end route segment option;
Destination address position section in the packet header is filled in this address;
}
else
{
This node of/* not in path description, thereby be ordinary router */
Traditional IP v4 Intranet route or three layers of exchange;
}
}
}
Carry out route according to the destination address position section in the packet header; / * look into routing table */
Send the IP bag;
/ * end */
These algorithms can be realized by software, also can pass through integrated circuit (IC) chip (or chipset) and realize with example, in hardware.Concrete way of realization and means do not change the present invention's essence of addressing by path in IP network.In addition, also can be optimized these algorithms during actual the realization, this does not equally change essence of the present invention yet.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of in the Internet method of addressing and route by path, it is characterized in that: the head at the IP bag provides the description to the position/path of node in Intranet with uniqueness, promptly by public network address beginning back with behind one or several private net address or the some private net addresses with the address sequence of a public network address, and with this foundation as addressing, the node of net address is become in the Internet can addressing, and to make with these nodes be that the IP of target wraps in can route in the Internet.
2, according to claim 1 in the Internet method of addressing and route by path, it is characterized in that:
1), in the option of the packet header of IPv4 rules, increase by two new options " source address route segment " and " destination address route segment ", form is identical with original " source path " option;
2), during networking, from public network, the ground floor private network inserts public network by gateway, and is that each node distributes a private net address in the ground floor private network; The ground floor private network can be divided into one or more subnets, and these subnets all are on the same level, and the gateway of ground floor private network has individual public network address in public network;
3), second layer private network is inserted the ground floor private network by gateway, and be private net address of each node distribution in the second layer private network, second layer private network also can be divided into one or more subnets, and these subnets all are on the same level; The gateway of second layer private network has individual ground floor private net address in the ground floor private network; Second layer private network should adopt different subnet address with the ground floor private network; Under analogize, to the number of plies of private network without limits;
4), for each node in each layer private network, determine that according to the principle of " generate tree " a public network access point with ground floor private network gateway is the shortest path of starting point, each node in the path, i.e. the target of each jumping all is a gateway; Each such path all is with the beginning of the public network address of ground floor private network gateway, and the back is with 0 or the IP address sequence of net address in several, and each sequence is all being determined a node in the net uniquely; If the number of interior net address is 0, just illustrate this be can direct addressin in public network node; What obtain like this is the path description of concrete node, both as the destination end path description, also as source end path description;
5), when node sends the IP bag, fill in the IP address sequence of destination node the head of IP bag, concrete grammar is:
● the number as interior net address in the infructescence is 0, just public network address is filled in destination address position section, and does not need to add option.The IP packet header of this moment and existing IPv4's is just the same;
● non-0 as the number of net address in the infructescence, just must in header, add " destination address route segment " option;
6) if source node is an Intranet node, then also should have " source end route segment " option in the IP packet header.
3, according to claim 2 in the Internet method of addressing and route by path, it is characterized in that:
1), for the IP bag that is derived from the Intranet node, if the pointer of its source end route segment option does not point to (top layer) first address in this sequence as yet, just illustrate that the IP bag does not enter public network as yet, on the way each layer Intranet gateway should be compared its " destination end route segment " address sequence and " source end route segment " sequence; If partially overlap and the address of this gateway just, last address of intersection, just illustrate that destination node and source node all are derived from that one deck Intranet at this gateway place, thereby this IP bag upwards should not sent into public network, and should begin to carry out route/forwarding the Intranet from this node; Should make first address in this sequence of pointed of source end route segment option this moment, and make the pointer in " destination end route segment " option directly point to its next jumping target in this layer Intranet, and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, transmitted then;
2) otherwise, if two sequences do not have superposed part, then further check " the source end route segment " option in the packet header, " current pointer " in the option pushed up to sensing the next item up, is the previous IP address in the sequence, and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, and just look like that to change a label the same, route/forwarding in addition then, make it arrive at the target of next jumping, the rest may be inferred by analogy;
3), when the item layer gateway of IP bag arrival source end, if having " source end route segment " option, then make its " current pointer " point to first IP address in the sequence, this address should conform to the public network address of gateway; This address is filled in source address position section in the packet header, and, should be public network address, fill in the destination address position section in the packet header, then route/forwarding in addition first IP address in the destination end route segment option;
4), the gateway of destination end item layer private network is checked " destination end route segment " option in the packet header, " current pointer " in the option is advanced to sensing the next item down downwards, is first the interior net address in the sequence, and this address filled in destination address position section in the packet header, just look like that to change a label the same, route/forwarding in addition then, make it arrive at the target of next jumping, the rest may be inferred by analogy;
5), when IP bag arrives destination node, if having " destination end route segment " option, then its " current pointer " should point to last the IP address in the sequence, this address should conform to the address of destination node;
6) after, the IP bag arrives destination node, destination node checks in the IP packet header whether have source end route segment option, if any the destination end route segment option that just it is duplicated as the other side, use when IP wraps for oppositely sending, otherwise the source address in the packet header is duplicated, be used as destination address when IP wraps for oppositely sending.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100531399A CN100499539C (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Method for addressing and routing in internet accoring to path |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100531399A CN100499539C (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Method for addressing and routing in internet accoring to path |
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| CN100499539C CN100499539C (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104184727A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 华为数字技术（成都）有限公司 | Message transmission method and apparatus |
| CN107241457A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-10 | 苏州派因太利网络科技有限公司 | A kind of method for realizing network end-to-end communication |
| CN110932972A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-03-27 | 飞诺门阵(北京)科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and device and electronic equipment |
| WO2021143660A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for data transmission |
| US11706097B2 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2023-07-18 | Novnet Computing System Tech Co., Ltd. | Task processing method applied to network topology, electronic device and storage medium |
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2004
- 2004-07-26 CN CNB2004100531399A patent/CN100499539C/en active Active
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104184727A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 华为数字技术（成都）有限公司 | Message transmission method and apparatus |
| CN104184727B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-11-17 | 华为数字技术（成都）有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus of message transmission |
| CN107241457A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-10 | 苏州派因太利网络科技有限公司 | A kind of method for realizing network end-to-end communication |
| CN107241457B (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-09-11 | 常青 | Method for realizing network end-to-end communication |
| WO2021143660A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for data transmission |
| CN110932972A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-03-27 | 飞诺门阵(北京)科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN110932972B (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-05 | 飞诺门阵(北京)科技有限公司 | Data transmission method and device and electronic equipment |
| US11706097B2 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2023-07-18 | Novnet Computing System Tech Co., Ltd. | Task processing method applied to network topology, electronic device and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100499539C (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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Effective date of registration: 20170906 Address after: Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province Xihu District 310030 Park Road, No. 18, Insigma Software Park building 15 floor A Patentee after: Insigma Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 310007, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou World Trade Center office building C block 12, Zhejiang University Network New Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Patentee before: Mao Decao |