CN1587973A - Method for on-site detecting and metering fume discharge total amount and fume concentration on-site detecting and metering instrument - Google Patents
Method for on-site detecting and metering fume discharge total amount and fume concentration on-site detecting and metering instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of onsite detecting and metering total amount of lampblack discharged and lampblack density onsite detecting and metering instrument are disclosed. Collect a part from air current, lampblack contained in which is completely oxided to be carbon dioxide and water; and before hand quantitative relation of density of lampblack and density of carbon dioxide created in oxidation reaction is built up; then detected density change of carbon dioxide before and after oxidation reaction is converted into density value of lampblack; density value of lampblack collected in each time quantum are accumulated and total amount of lampblack discharged is calculated according to sectional area and air current velocity of air outlet. Lampblack density onsite detecting and metering instrument is consisted of probe unit and discharge capacity, its main parts consist of detecting tube, data processing controller, automatic control switch, carbon dioxide tester, heating element, temperature tester, air current flow velocity and lampblack collection blower fan. The invention can test and calculate total amount of lampblack discharged, benefiting for environmental protecting sector to charge according to discharge capacity.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a method and equipment for detecting and measuring total amount of oil smoke discharged on site.
(II) background of the invention
Most activities of humans are performed indoors. Contamination of the indoor environment can lead to a variety of diseases. Cooking fume and pungent odor are one of the main indoor environmental pollution sources. When the cooking temperature is higher than 130 ℃, oil smoke is generated from the edible oil and fat, which can cause damage to the respiratory and circulatory systems of people. Especially when the temperature reaches 230-280 ℃, some carcinogenic substances can be generated in the oil smoke. According to the analysis of Taiwan health administration, the lung cancer rate of Taiwan housewives is high, and the main reason is that the Taiwan housewives are in the environment polluted by cooking oil smoke for a long time. The Nanjing market found that 51.6% of lung squamous carcinomas and 61% of lung adenocarcinomas in the population occurred due to home oil smoke contamination.
It is known that the oil smoke and harmful substances discharged from the catering industry cause more serious environmental pollution. The oil smoke concentration in the kitchen can reach 25mg/m3The above. Many countries, including china, have enacted relevant laws to control emissions. However, no mature field detection technology and equipment for oil smoke concentration exist so far. Generally, oil smoke is discharged from a chimney in a restaurant, the position of an air outlet is high, sampling of the oil smoke is not easy, collected samples need to be sent to a laboratory for analysis and treatment, and results can be obtained in days generally. The work difficulty of monitoring the oil smoke discharge is very large. The relevant environmental protection departments cannot monitor the oil fume emission of numerous restaurants, hotels and units by such much labor, financial resources and time. Only a few large hotels or restaurants can be randomly checked, and the monitoring is easily avoided by various methods thought by unconscious store owners, so that the national laws are similar to those of the national laws. Therefore, developing a field detection technology for oil smoke concentration and developing convenient and practical monitoring equipment has become one of the urgent issues in the environmental protection field. Currently, the progress of the related research work is not great.
A set of trial standards is promulgated by China for measuring cooking oil fume in the catering industry (GB184832001, which is carried out in 1 month and1 day in 2002). The method is that a special sampling machine is used to sample oil smoke under the specified conditions, and the air flow containing the oil smoke passes through a collecting head provided with a stainless steel wire mesh filter element to intercept tiny oil smoke aerosol particles. Then the filter core that will collect the oil smoke takes out and puts in the container that contains the carbon tetrachloride solvent, lets the oil smoke condensate dissolve under the ultrasonic wave effect, moves the solvent that will dissolve the oil smoke condensate into the colour comparison tube constant volume, and finally, measures its oil smoke content with infrared spectrophotometry, changes the oil smoke concentration of making into of surveying again. In addition, since the inertia of the aerosol particles is much greater than the inertia of the gas molecules, when the gas stream flows through the filter element, the particles will be trapped by the inertia hitting the surface of the filter material. This inertial settling effect is related to the velocity of the gas stream. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of measurement, the method requires constant sampling, namely, the air flow speed of the sampling machine passing through the filter element is required to be completely consistent with the flow speed of the oil fume in the pipeline. This makes the structure of the sampling machine very complicated, the cost rises, and the operational reliability is reduced.
Due to the difference of cooking habits, foreign research on the edible oil fume purification and detection technology is of little interest. The device for detecting the concentration of the oil smoke on site is not developed, and the directly related patent technology is difficult to find. U.S. patent No. 5,849,596 proposes a method for measuring the concentration of oil smoke in edible oil, which comprises heating a certain amount of edible oil to a certain temperature, absorbing the generated oil smoke with sulfuric acid, determining the concentration of oil smoke condensate dissolved in acid solution by using a prepared chromatographic concentration marking contrast, and converting into the concentration of the measured oil smoke. The accuracy of this method is not so high that it is impossible to use it for rapid detection at the cooking site.
From the experience of pollution control in countries around the world, one of the best methods is to perform economic penalties on pollution discharge enterprises and units according to the discharge capacity. Therefore, how to detect and measure the oil fume discharge capacity of enterprises and units which discharge the oil fume is an unsolved problem.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the total oil smoke emission amount through field detection and a measuring instrument for detecting the oil smoke concentration on the field, and solves the technical problem of carrying out field detection and measurement on the total oil smoke emission amount so as to be convenient for an environmental protection management department to carry out fine charging according to the discharge capacity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for measuring the total amount of the discharged oil smoke by field detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) collecting a part of oil smoke in a channel for discharging the oil smoke;
(2) the collected oil smoke is subjected to high-temperature reaction and is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide and water;
(3) detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide before and after the reaction, and converting the difference value of the concentration of the carbon dioxide before and after the reaction into the concentration of the detected oil smoke according to a quantitative relation between the concentration of the oil smoke and the concentration of the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction, wherein the quantitative relation is obtained by corresponding the concentration detection value of the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction of the oil smoke with the concentration value of the oil smoke detected by a conventional off-site oil smoke concentration detection method;
(4) and accumulating the oil smoke concentration values collected in each time period, and calculating the total oil smoke emission amount according to the cross section area and the airflow velocity value of the air outlet.
The high temperature control in the step (2) is to ensure that the oil fume is fully oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water without generating carbon monoxide and other intermediate products, the temperature is controlled to be not lower than 150 ℃ and not higher than 850 ℃, the retention time of the oil fume flow in the high temperature reaction environment is not less than 0.05 second, and the reaction environment is supplied with surplus oxygen.
In the step (2), an oxide catalyst is used, so that the reaction environment temperature required for the continuous reaction is reduced, and the further decomposition and oxidation of the oil fume and part of intermediate products are promoted.
In the step (1), a metal or nonmetal net is arranged in the channel for discharging the oil smoke, and the oil smoke in the collected airflow is intercepted.
The net for trapping the oil smoke consists of an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is directly electrified to ensure that the trapped oil smoke is heated and oxidized.
This kind of oil smoke concentration field detection meter, its characterized in that: the detector is a detection tube with an air inlet and an air outlet, a thermal reaction section, a cooling section and a detection section are arranged in the shell from the air inlet to the air outlet in sequence, the cooling section is in a horn mouth shape with the diameter from small to large, a fan is arranged at the air inlet of the detection tube, a heating element and a heating element supporting piece are arranged at the thermal reaction section, a carbon dioxide gas detector is arranged at the detection section, the signal output end of the carbon dioxide gas detector is connected with the data processing controller through a signal wire, the output end of the data processing controller is connected with an external data transmission socket, and the fan, the heating element and the data processing controller are all connected with an automatic control switch.
The heating element of the thermal reaction section is an electric heating element, an electromagnetic heating element or a chemical heating element.
The shell is provided with an airflow velocity detector and is connected with a data processing controller by a signal wire.
The shell is internally provided with a temperature detector, and a thermocouple probe of the temperature detector is arranged in the thermal reaction section of the detection tube and is connected with the data processing controller by a signal lead.
The oil smoke concentration on-site detection metering instrument is formed by separately mounting a detector and a data processing controller, wherein the detector is mounted in a channel for discharging oil smoke to be detected, the data processing controller is mounted in an environmental protection management department, and one data processing controller corresponds to more than one detector.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a method for automatically detecting and accumulating the total amount of oil smoke discharged and a small instrument, which is placed at a chimney port or other air outlet of a restaurant or a unit which is likely to discharge oil smoke. According to the requirement, the instrument data can be automatically transmitted to a computer of an environmental protection law enforcement department in a wired or wireless mode, and law enforcement personnel can know the pollution discharge condition of relevant units in offices and process the pollution discharge condition as appropriate.
The invention provides a method for detecting and measuring the amount of oil smoke discharged by an enterprise or a unit in any time period, which comprises the following steps: collecting a part of exhaust gas flow of an enterprise or an organization, fully oxidizing the oil smoke contained in the part of exhaust gas flow by adopting a manually controlled chemical reaction method to generate carbon dioxide and water, establishing a quantitative relation between the concentration of the oil smoke and the concentration of the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction in advance, and converting the concentration value of the oil smoke in the exhaust gas flow by detecting the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide before and after the reaction or comparing the difference of the concentrations of the carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas flow and the collected gas flow after the reaction. And dividing the time period to be detected into a plurality of time segments, calculating the oil smoke discharge amount in each segment according to the oil smoke concentration detected at each segment moment, the sectional area of the exhaust pipeline, the airflow velocity in the pipeline and the segment time length, and accumulating the discharge amount of each segment to obtain the total oil smoke discharge amount in the time period to be detected.
The edible oil smoke refers to an aerosol substance generated by heating edible vegetable or animal oil, mainly existing in the form of aerosol, and also contains a small amount of oil molecules and other intermediate product molecules.
As is well known, fats and oils are a generic term for higher fatty acid glycerides. It is called oil which is liquid at room temperature and fat which is solid. The compositions of different natural edible oil and fat may be different, but all are composed of three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Under the conditions of proper temperature and sufficient air supply, the aerosol particles in the cooking oil fume can be fully oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water. The general reaction formula can be written as:
wherein X, Y and Z represent the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the oil molecule, respectively, (O)2+3.76N2) Representing the composition of air. If the supply of air is insufficient, carbon monoxide may be generated:
wherein W represents the number of moles of carbon monoxide.
In order to sufficiently oxidize the oil fume sol particles and ensure that carbon dioxide and water are generated during the treatment without generating carbon monoxide, the following conditions need to be satisfied.
1. Proper reaction environment temperature
Both reactions are exothermic, but generally the concentration of soot is not so high that the heat generated by the reactions is not sufficient to maintain the reaction continuously. Sufficient external heat energy must be provided to ensure at least the reaction temperature. For typical hydrocarbons, the temperature should not be below 500 ℃. For the oxidation of aerosol particles in edible vegetable oil smoke, the temperature is preferably not lower than 550-600 ℃. This temperature can be suitably reduced using a specific catalyst, but it must not be lower than 150 ℃. On the other hand, too high reaction environment temperature may also affect the accuracy of detection. Firstly, the oil smoke is easily carbonized rapidly to form so-called black smoke which can not be detected by a carbon dioxide detector, so that the detection result is lower. On the other hand, too high temperature can decompose or oxidize part of the odor gas accompanied with the oil smoke to generate more carbon dioxide and water, so that the detection result is higher. According to the experiment, the reaction environment temperature is preferably not higher than 850 ℃. From the viewpoint of energy form, the thermal energy for maintaining the high temperature of the reaction environment may be derived from chemical energy, electric energy or electromagnetic energy.
2. Sufficiently long reaction time
Heat burners are commonly used in industry to eliminate gaseous hydrocarbons from air. The residence time required for complete oxidative combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons in a thermal combustion furnace is typically in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 seconds. According to the experiment, in order to sufficiently oxidize the aerosol particles, the residence time of cooking fumes in the high-temperature region of the specific reaction chamber is preferably not less than 0.3 seconds. The residence time in the presence of the catalyst was also not less than 0.05 second.
3. Sufficient oxygen supply
In order to sufficiently oxidize the soot without generating carbon monoxide and other intermediate products, it is necessary to ensure sufficient oxygen for the reaction. Conventional methods of sampling cooking fumes (i.e., extracting the cooking fumes directly from the air with an exhaust blower) have also extracted sufficient oxygen while extracting the cooking fumes.
4. Sufficiently small and dispersed oil mist form
Generally, once the oil molecules leave the hot environment, the temperature will drop immediately and aerosol particles will form quickly. As the temperature further decreases, these particles can grow by engulfming each other. If a colder solid surface is encountered, such as the fan blades of a fan, the oil condenses and adheres to the surface. If the aerosol particles in the oil fume are too large to enter the reaction, only the oil molecules on the surface of the particles will be oxidized and the rest of the molecules will not be oxidized within a limited reaction time. The oil smoke is preferably in a dispersed mist state.
5. Using catalysts
The catalyst can reduce the temperature required by oil smoke oxidation, improve the reaction efficiency and promote the further decomposition and oxidation of intermediate products. The metal oxide can resist high temperature and is not easy to be poisoned and lost under the oxidizing atmosphere. Anatase titanium dioxide is one of the catalysts that can be selected. In general, the service life of a catalyst depends on various factors such as the type, quality, service temperature, gas flow composition, concentration and flow rate of the catalyst.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the oil smoke concentration field detection meter according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a fan motor, 2-fan blades, 3-a support frame, 4-a pipe wall, 5-a processing section, 6-an electric heating element, 7-a heating element support, 8-a cooling section, 9-a detection section, 10-an air outlet, 11-a carbon dioxide detector, 12-a data processing controller, 13-a display screen, 14-an airflow velocity detector, 15-an automatic control switch, 16-an external power socket, 17-a shell, 18-a current or signal transmission lead, 19-an air inlet of a detection pipe, 20-a temperature detector, 21-a thermocouple probe, 22-an oil-containing smoke flow, 23-an air outlet pipe orifice, 24-an oil-smoke-free airflow and 25-an external socket.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The method for measuring the total amount of oil smoke emission by field detection of the invention comprises the following steps:
a. and extracting the oil smoke-containing air to be detected by using a certain negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan.
b. A carbon dioxide detector detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the extracted gas stream.
c. And starting a heat source arranged in the specific reaction chamber to keep the temperature of the reaction chamber not lower than 150 ℃ and not higher than 850 ℃.
d. And extracting the oil smoke-containing air to be detected by using the same negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan.
e. The extracted air flow containing the oil fume enters the reaction chamber through the inlet of the reaction chamber at a certain speed.
f. The retention time of the airflow in the reaction chamber is not less than 0.05 second, so that the contained oil fume is fully oxidized.
g. The carbon dioxide concentration in the gas stream exiting the reaction chamber was measured with a carbon dioxide detector.
h. And establishing a one-to-one correspondence relationship between the concentration of the oil smoke and the concentration of carbon dioxide generated after the oil smoke with the concentration is completely oxidized.
i. According to the above relationship, the carbon dioxide concentration detected in the obtained gas flow that has not passed through the reaction chamber is subtracted from the carbon dioxide concentration detected in the obtained gas flow that has passed through the reaction chamber, and the difference is converted into the detected soot concentration.
j. The time section of the oil smoke discharge amount to be measured is divided into a plurality of sections, corresponding oil smoke concentration values are detected according to the steps at each division moment, and meanwhile, the flow velocity of the discharged air flow at each division moment is measured by a conventional instrument.
k. And taking the average value of the oil smoke concentration values at two adjacent separated moments as the oil smoke concentration value of the time segment. Similarly, the average of the flow rates of the exhaust gas flows at two adjacent separated time points is taken as the flow rate of the exhaust gas flow for the time segment.
And l, calculating the oil smoke amount discharged in each time segment according to the cross section area of the air outlet and the oil smoke concentration and airflow flow velocity value of each time segment, and adding the oil smoke amounts discharged in all the time segments to obtain the total amount of the oil smoke discharged in the time segment.
There are various methods for establishing the relationship between the oil smoke concentration and the corresponding carbon dioxide concentration. One of these concerns the relationship between the concentration of oil smoke in the edible oil and the corresponding concentration of carbon dioxide, which can be done in the laboratory by the following steps:
① dividing the first oil sample (such as rape oil) into several parts, and continuously heating each part of the oil sample by using a temperature-controllable non-combustion heating device (to avoid the interference of carbon dioxide generated by fuel combustion) and selecting several different heating temperatures from 100 deg.C to 450 deg.C.
②, collecting the oil fume generated when each sample oil is heated continuously at a specific temperature by the method specified in GB 18483-2001.
③, the concentration of carbon dioxide after the oil fume generated by each sample oil is converted into carbon dioxide and water is measured by the method.
④, analyzing the oil smoke samples collected in the step ② by a method specified in GB18483-2001 to obtain corresponding oil smoke concentration values under different heating temperatures.
⑤, comparing the values obtained in steps ③ and ④ one by one to obtain the empirical relationship between the oil smoke concentration and the corresponding carbon dioxide concentration of the sample oil, and further obtaining the corresponding empirical formula or chart by using a numerical fitting method.
⑥, performing experimental analysis on the second or more sample oils according to the above steps to obtain corresponding empirical formulas or graphs.
⑦, based on the above equation (1), the amount of carbon dioxide generated after the oil is completely oxidized is theoretically estimated, and then converted into the approximate relationship between the concentration of the soot and the corresponding concentration of carbon dioxide, so as to verify whether the above experimental result is reasonable.
The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter can transmit the data of the total oil smoke emission amount, the flow rate, the temperature and the like to a calculation center of an environmental protection department in a wired or wireless mode so as to be convenient for monitoring.
Detection scheme embodiment of oil smoke concentration field detection meter: firstly, a program preset by a data processing controller 12 enables an automatic control switch 15 to close a heating element at a preset moment and then start an exhaust fan motor 1, a fan blade 2 rotates to generate negative pressure, oil-containing flue gas flow to be detected is sucked into a detection pipe, the gas flow enters a detection section 9 after passing through a processing section 5 and a cooling section 8 which are not heated, and a concentration value of carbon dioxide contained in the gas flow is detected by a carbon dioxide detector 11 and then is transmitted to the data processing controller 12 for storage. The automatic control switch 15 then turns off the motor according to a predetermined program, stopping the collection of the fumes and energizing the heating element. The temperature detector 20 measures the temperature of the treatment section 5 through the thermocouple probe 21, and sends the temperature to the data processing controller 12, after the temperature rises to a certain level. The automatic control switch 15 is enabled to start the exhaust fan motor by a preset program, oil-containing smoke to be detected flows into the air inlet 19 of the detection pipe, the contained oil smoke is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water when passing through the high-temperature treatment section 5, the air flow enters the detection section 8 after being cooled by the cooling section, the contained carbon dioxide consists of two parts, one part is the carbon dioxide contained in the original air, and the other part is the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction of the oil smoke. The carbon dioxide is detected by the carbon dioxide detector 11, and the concentration value data is transmitted to the data processing controller 12 to subtract the originally stored carbon dioxide concentration value (i.e. the carbon dioxide concentration originally contained in the air flow pumped), so as to obtain the carbon dioxide concentration value completely obtained from the oil smoke oxidation. The data processing controller automatically calculates and stores the oil smoke discharge value according to the conversion relation between the preset carbon dioxide concentration and the oil smoke concentration, the flow speed measured by the airflow flow speed detector 14, the preset detection time interval and the sectional area of the exhaust pipe mouth input according to specific conditions, and displays the oil smoke discharge value on the display screen 13. After the oil smoke data processing and storing is completed, the automatic control switch 15 immediately turns off the heating element and the exhaust fan motor. Then, repeating the above process again according to the preset detection time interval to start the next detection. The data detected each time are accumulated in the data processing controller 12, and transmitted to the computing center of the environmental protection department in a wired or wireless way together with the data of flow rate, temperature and the like through the external socket 25.
Another detection scheme embodiment: when the heating element is started to detect the concentration of the oil smoke, the original concentration of the carbon dioxide in the oil-containing smoke flow 22 is detected, the two detected concentration values of the carbon dioxide are simultaneously input into the data processing controller, and the real concentration value of the oil smoke is obtained after subtraction and is converted into an oil smoke emission value to be stored.
In order to save the energy required for detection, when the airflow rate detector 14 detects that the airflow rate in the exhaust duct is zero (meaning that the restaurant has not started to cook), the heating element and the exhaust fan motor will be in an automatic off state, and the data processing controller will automatically store the oil smoke discharge value as zero until the airflow rate in the duct reaches a certain minimum level.
In order to simplify the control process and reduce the equipment cost, the following measures can be adopted:
1. the power of the heating element and the exhaust fan is fixed, the relation between the heating time and the temperature of the processing section can be measured in advance under the condition that the temperature of the discharged air flow is not changed, the relation is input into the data processing controller, the exhaust fan is automatically started after the heating is carried out for a certain time, and the temperature of the processing section can reach the requirement at the moment without adopting a temperature detector for detection.
2. If the discharge flow rate of the restaurant or unit is standardized, such as 6,000-7,000 cubic meters per hour for medium-scale restaurants, under the condition that the accuracy requirement is not too high, the average discharge flow rate can be calculated (such as 6,500 cubic meters per hour for medium-scale restaurants), and the average discharge flow rate is input into the data processing controller, and the measured oil smoke concentration value is multiplied to obtain the oil smoke discharge amount. Thus, the air flow velocity detector is not needed, and the sectional area of the air exhaust pipe opening is not needed to be measured in advance and input into the data processing controller.
In order to facilitate the design of the data processing controller, the calculation formula for listing the oil smoke emission value is as follows.
In a period from the start of the detection (i.e., T ═ 0) to a certain time (i.e., T ═ T), the total amount of soot discharged through a certain exhaust duct is:
W＝W1+W2+...............Wi-1+Wi+Wi+1............。+WN(3)
wherein WiIs that the time period has a length tiThe amount of soot discharged in the ith time segment of (a). And has the following components:
T＝t1+t2+..................。ti-1+ti+ti+1...............。+tN(4)
as mentioned above, Wi ═ 0.25 (Y)i+Yi-1)(Vi+Vi-1)sti(5)
Wherein Y isi-1And Yi is the oil smoke concentration in the pipeline detected at the front time and the rear time of the ith time segment. Vi-1And ViThe measured flow rates of the air flows in the pipeline are respectively separated from the front moment and the rear moment of the ith time segment. S is the pipe cross-sectional area.
As previously mentioned, Yi＝f(xi-xio) (6)
Wherein xiIs the concentration of carbon dioxide, x, detected in the detection section of the detection tube at a time subsequent to the separation of the ith time sectionioThe original carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust pipeline is detected at the same time. The function f () represents a conversion relationship between the carbon dioxide concentration and the soot concentration.
According to the method, a practical monitoring system for monitoring the pollution discharge condition of each oil smoke discharge unit in a certain area (such as a city) can be designed. The aforementioned apparatus is divided into two parts. The former part is installed on site and is called a detector, and its function is to measure the difference in carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas stream before and after the reaction, or to obtain the concentration difference by comparing the carbon dioxide concentration contained in the exhaust gas stream with the carbon dioxide concentration contained in the collected gas stream after the reaction. The data obtained from each unit are transmitted to the latter part of the equipment connected with the computer in the environmental protection department in a unified way by wireless, wire or card, and the equipment is called as a data processing controller. The function of the device is to convert the concentration difference of carbon dioxide into the concentration of oil smoke according to the method, and finally obtain the oil smoke emission of a pollution discharge unit provided with the detector in a certain period of time. Since one data processing controller is used for processing data sent by a plurality of detectors, the cost of the whole monitoring system is necessarily reduced. The cost is reduced by simplifying the function of the detector, and the price of the detector is acceptable for the monitored unit.
The above method may be slightly modified to improve the detection accuracy. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of accumulating the discharged oil smoke in a certain period of time, oxidizing the accumulated oil smoke into carbon dioxide and water, detecting the change of the concentration of the carbon dioxide, and converting the change into the oil smoke discharge amount in the period of time by using the method. There are several methods for accumulating soot, and one of the simplest methods is to trap soot sol particles in the collected gas stream with a metal mesh, i.e., to condense soot on the metal mesh. Finally, the metal net is heated to a certain temperature and is kept warm for a certain time, so that the oil smoke on the net is thoroughly oxidized. If the metal net is composed of the electric heating wire, the electric heating wire is directly electrified, so that the oil smoke condensate adhered to the wire is heated and finally converted into carbon dioxide and water under the action of the catalyst.
The artificially controlled chemical reaction means that the thermal energy for maintaining the reaction temperature is derived from chemical energy, electric energy or electromagnetic energy in order to sufficiently oxidize and generate the soot.
The invention can establish a practical monitoring system for monitoring the pollution discharge condition of each oil smoke discharge unit in a certain area. The oil smoke concentration field detection meter is formed by separately installing a detector and a data processing controller, wherein the former part of the detector is installed on a detection field and is used for measuring the concentration difference of carbon dioxide in exhaust gas flow before and after reaction or obtaining the concentration difference by comparing the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas flow and the concentration difference of the carbon dioxide in the collected gas flow after the reaction. The data obtained from each unit are transmitted to a data processing controller connected with a computer of an environmental protection department in a wireless or wired mode, and the function of the controller is to convert the concentration difference of carbon dioxide into the concentration of oil smoke according to the method of the requirement 1, and finally obtain the oil smoke discharge amount of a pollution discharge unit provided with a detector in a certain period of time. The data from multiple detectors can be processed by a data processing controller.
Carbon dioxide detector 11 in the drawings: can be purchased. There are many companies, such as the United states ALNOR company's COMPUFLOW8610 detector, that use a dual wavelength non-dispersive infrared probe with 3% accuracy and 1ppm resolution.
The data processing controller 12: the integrated chip, CLD display and automatic control switch design assembly can be purchased, and the ready-made products such as IDP-O type or 202A-E type data processing controllers and the like of NEWPORT company in the United states can be purchased.
The display screen 13: can be purchased. There are many companies, such as the AND1741MST LCD screens available from NEWARK ELECTRONICS, usa.
Airflow rate detector 14: can be purchased. There are many companies, such as the DIGI-FLOMODELBC model of BLUE-WHITE industries, USA, that can measure flow, velocity and pressure simultaneously and output data.
Automatic control switch 15: the element can be assembled by self-purchase design or directly purchased. There are several companies such as the model E42DP55 multi-function controller available from NEWARKELECTRONICS USA that can preset the timing and conditions to control the switching of the motor and heating element.
The temperature detector 20: the product can be purchased and has various forms. Such as model E4524 from ETN ELECTRICAL, usa, for example, and can be used for temperature detection, transmission and display.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the total amount of oil smoke discharged by field detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting a part of oil smoke in a channel for discharging the oil smoke;
(2) the collected oil smoke is subjected to high-temperature reaction and is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide and water;
(3) detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide before and after the reaction, and converting the difference value of the concentration of the carbon dioxide before and after the reaction into the concentration of the detected oil smoke according to a quantitative relation between the concentration of the oil smoke and the concentration of the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction, wherein the quantitative relation is obtained by corresponding the concentration detection value of the carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction of the oil smoke with the concentration value of the oil smoke detected by a conventional off-site oil smoke concentration detection method;
(4) and accumulating the oil smoke concentration values collected in each time period, and calculating the total oil smoke emission amount according to the cross section area and the airflow velocity value of the air outlet.
2. The method for measuring the total amount of lampblack emission through on-site detection according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high temperature control in the step (2) is to ensure that the oil fume is fully oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water without generating carbon monoxide and other intermediate products, the temperature is controlled to be not lower than 150 ℃ and not higher than 850 ℃, the retention time of the oil fume flow in the high temperature reaction environment is not less than 0.05 second, and the reaction environment is supplied with surplus oxygen.
3. The method for measuring the total amount of lampblack emission through on-site detection according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), an oxide catalyst is used, so that the reaction environment temperature required for the continuous reaction is reduced, and the further decomposition and oxidation of the oil fume and part of intermediate products are promoted.
4. The method for measuring the total amount of lampblack emission through on-site detection according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), a metal or nonmetal net is arranged in a channel for discharging the oil smoke, and the oil smoke in the collected airflow is intercepted.
5. The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter according to claim 4, wherein: the net for trapping the oil smoke consists of an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is directly electrified to ensure that the trapped oil smoke is heated and oxidized.
6. The utility model provides an oil smoke concentration witnessed inspections measurement appearance which characterized in that: the detector is a detection tube with an air inlet and an air outlet, a thermal reaction section, a cooling section and a detection section are arranged in the shell from the air inlet to the air outlet in sequence, the cooling section is in a horn mouth shape with the diameter from small to large, a fan is arranged at the air inlet of the detection tube, a heating element and a heating element supporting piece are arranged at the thermal reaction section, a carbon dioxide gas detector is arranged at the detection section, the signal output end of the carbon dioxide gas detector is connected with the data processing controller through a signal wire, the output end of the data processing controller is connected with an external data transmission socket, and the fan, the heating element and the data processing controller are all connected with an automatic control switch.
7. The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter according to claim 6, wherein: the heating element of the thermal reaction section is an electrical heating element, an electromagnetic heating element, or a chemical heating element.
8. The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter according to claim 6, wherein: the shell is provided with an airflow velocity detector and is connected with the data processing controller by a signal wire.
9. The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter according to claim 6, wherein: the shell is internally provided with a temperature detector, and a thermocouple probe of the temperature detector is arranged in the thermal reaction section of the detection tube and is connected with the data processing controller by a signal lead.
10. The oil smoke concentration on-site detection meter according to claim 6, wherein: the oil smoke concentration on-site detection metering instrument is formed by separately mounting a detector and a data processing controller, wherein the detector is mounted in a channel for discharging oil smoke to be detected, the data processing controller is mounted in an environmental protection management department, and one data processing controller corresponds to more than one detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410056801 CN1276253C (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Method for on-site detecting and metering fume discharge total amount and fume concentration on-site detecting and metering instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410056801 CN1276253C (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Method for on-site detecting and metering fume discharge total amount and fume concentration on-site detecting and metering instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1587973A true CN1587973A (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| CN1276253C CN1276253C (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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| CN 200410056801 Expired - Fee Related CN1276253C (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Method for on-site detecting and metering fume discharge total amount and fume concentration on-site detecting and metering instrument |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102037337B (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2012-05-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Appliance monitor |
| CN106175479A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A kind of electric baker and control method thereof |
| CN104344969B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-04-12 | 广东万家乐燃气具有限公司 | Range hood oil way detecting method and detecting device |
| CN110702840A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 刘芳 | Analysis device based on energy utilization rate of carbonized urban domestic sewage biomass |
-
2004
- 2004-08-20 CN CN 200410056801 patent/CN1276253C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102037337B (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2012-05-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Appliance monitor |
| CN104344969B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2017-04-12 | 广东万家乐燃气具有限公司 | Range hood oil way detecting method and detecting device |
| CN106175479A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | A kind of electric baker and control method thereof |
| CN110702840A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 刘芳 | Analysis device based on energy utilization rate of carbonized urban domestic sewage biomass |
| CN110702840B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-06-07 | 河北地质大学华信学院 | Analysis device based on energy utilization rate of carbonized urban domestic sewage biomass |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1276253C (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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