CN1587802A - Fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method - Google Patents
Fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for using tiny coal powder as reiguition fuel to reduce the NOX, which belongs to coal powder cleaning and combusting field. The method is: uses separator of raw and tiny coal powder to decrease the thin rate of all coal powder and improve the homogeneity, and uses part of tiny coal powder as reiguition fuel, extracts part of smoke form the tail smoke channel and then transmits the reiguition fuel into the reacting area, the NOX generated in the primary combustion area into N2; pours in part of combustion air from the top of the reacting area, ensures the coal powder combustion safety. The invention can decrease the discharge of nitrogen-oxygen material for 60% based on guaranteeing the boiler efficiency. In order to realize the technology, the primary combustor on the furnace is arranged with a reiguition fuel, burned wind aperture, and assembled with advanced raw powder separator and smoke extracting and transmitting system. The method in the invention has high denitration efficiency, it does not affect the combustion efficiency, the structure is reasonable, the investment is little, and the running cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to boiler combustion technology, relate to a kind of clean burning of coal and the NOx discharge method of reduction coal-burning boiler, particularly a kind of fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method.
Background technology
The rich coal resources of China, for a long time, coal occupies leading position always in China's production of energy and consumption.According to statistics, coal accounts for 76% of national primary energy total output, 75% of primary energy aggregate consumption.Along with China's rapid growth of economy, the consumption of coal is with increasing.A large amount of consumption of coal when the sufficient energy is provided, have also brought many environmental problems, and wherein nitrogen oxide (being called for short NOx) is exactly one of them important atmosphere pollution.Coal dust firing is the important source that forms nitrogen oxide, and the NOx that a large amount of discharged from coal-fired boiler go out has caused severe contamination to environment, and China is also strict day by day about the NOx emission standards.The nitrogen oxides from coal-fired boiler control technology can be divided into two big classes generally, i.e. burning neutralization burning back control technology.Denitride technology in the burning, its control NOx discharging process is mainly carried out in burner hearth, and this class technology of using at home mainly contains flue gas recirculation method, low excess air firing method, air classification firing method, low-NOx combustor technology etc. at present; Burning back denitride technology can be divided into dry method (selective catalytic reduction etc.), wet method (chemical absorption method) and do-wet combined techniques three major types.To have system simple for denitride technology in the burning, characteristics such as transforms and operating cost is relatively low, but that weak point is a nitric efficiency is lower, can not reach the degree of depth and reduce the requirement that NOx discharges.The nitric efficiency of burning back denitride technology is than higher (can surpass 90%), but its system complex, construction and operating cost are very high, promote in China's large tracts of land to have great difficulty.
Through the data-searching that the inventor did, the technical literature relevant with this problem is as follows:
[1], the optimization of boiler low NOx drainage coal dust fractional combustion, Tsing-Hua University: clock Beijing, Fu Weibiao, " combustion science and technology " 1997,3 (2) 169～174;
[2], the control measure of coal-fired power station boiler NOx discharging, Shanghai Communications University: Wang Enlu, Peng Ling, Luo Yonghao, Zhang Mingchuan, " boiler technology " 2003,34 (5) 48～52;
[3], fuel-staged combustion Study on Technology present situation and application prospect, capital, middle electric state North China thermoelectric branch company: Ling Ronghua, Wen Jun, Qi Chunsong, " thermal power generation " 2003,32 (8) 6～8;
[4], adopt microfine coal combustion technology reduction discharged nitrous oxides again, Harbin Institute of Technology: Wu Shaohua, Liu Hui, Jiang Xiumin, Qiu Penghua, Qin Yukun, " China Power " 2003,36 (2) 1～4;
[5], utilize tertiary air to fire again and reduce NOx Study on Emission, Zhejiang University: Ou Dawu, Fang Lei etc., " electric power station system engineering " 2003,19 (1) 24～26;
[6], low-volatite bituminous coal fires the experimental study of reductive NO, North China Electric Power University's power engineering system: high Zhenyang, Liu Zhong etc., " North China Electric Power University's journal " 2003,30 (1) 41～44 again;
[7], the discussion of boiler of power plant low NOx combusting technology, Zhejiang Electric Power Company: Zhou Wei, Li Ge, " Zhejiang electric power " 2002,21 (3) 44～46;
[8], the importance of NO out-phase reduction mechanism in the coal powder recombustion process, engineering mechanics system of Tsing-Hua University: clock Beijing, Shi Weiwei etc., " combustion science and technology " 2002,8 (1) 6～8.
Summary of the invention
At the present state of the art and the problem of existence, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method is provided.
In order to realize stating purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is, a kind of fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method that is applicable to coal-burning boiler, the burner of coal-burning boiler comprises main burner, reburning fuel burner and after-flame wind nozzle, wherein main burner is positioned at the main combustion zone of coal-burning boiler body of heater, and the reburning fuel burner is positioned at the reburning zone, and after-flame wind nozzle is positioned at burning-out zone; It is characterized in that included step is:
1) fineness of pulverized coal is dropped to R
90＜10%, as main fuel and reburning fuel;
2) main fuel that will account for caloric value 80～85% is sent into main combustion zone, excess air coefficient (α) greater than 1 and near 1 condition under burning generate nitrogen oxide;
3) reburning fuel that will account for caloric value 15～20% is sent into the reburning district by the reburning fuel nozzle on main burner top, forms reducing atmosphere at excess air coefficient (α) under less than 1 condition, makes the nitrogen oxide reduction;
4) combustion air that will account for stove total blast volume 15～40% is drawn as after-flame wind from secondary wind, sprays in the burner hearth by being arranged in the after-flame wind nozzle that fires the nozzle top again, makes the completing combustion of uncombusted fuel;
5) pumped (conveying) medium of reburning fuel is taken from the stove cigarette from boiler back end ductwork;
6) main burner spout and reburning fuel spout and burnt wind spout are had a down dip certain angle.
Some other characteristics of the present invention are that reburning fuel is directly taken from the main fuel in technique scheme, and is identical with main fuel, is fine breeze.Fire fine breeze again and be conveyed into the reburning zone with the stove cigarette, the temperature at nozzle place is 1200～1500 ℃, and excess air coefficient is less than 1.Reburning fuel is 0.4～1.5s in the time of staying of reburning zone.
Whole coal dusts that boiler uses all separate by mill separator, and the uniformity of coal dust also is greatly improved.
Adopt recirculation stove cigarette blower fan, from boiler back end ductwork draw temperature be 120～500 ℃ flue gas as the pumped (conveying) medium of fine breeze, the flue gas recycled amount is 5～15% of a boiler exhaust gas amount, its excess air coefficient that carries again behind the coal-fired powder is 0.3～0.6.
In order to obtain the effect of desirable reduction NOx, and guarantee the efficiency of combustion of boiler, there is a best excess air coefficient α combustion zones at different levels.General main combustion zone excess air coefficient is taken as 1.05～1.1; The reducing zone excess air coefficient is taken as 0.7～1.0; Top burning-out zone excess air coefficient is 1.15～1.2.Concrete numerical value is by pattern, the structure of boiler and the decisions such as coal that use.
In order to obtain the effect of desirable reduction NOx, and guarantee the efficiency of combustion of boiler, there is the time of staying an of the best combustion zones at different levels.The time of staying of general main combustion zone is 0.5s～1s; The time of staying of reburning zone is 0.4s～1.5s; The time of staying of burning-out zone is 0.4s～1s.Concrete numerical value is by pattern, the structure of boiler and the decisions such as coal that use.
In order to guarantee the time of staying of reburning fuel in the reducing zone, farthest reduce the NOx discharge capacity, must make reburning fuel can be fast, mix with the main flue gas that comes from main combustion zone fully.Reburning fuel should keep certain speed that sprays into, desirable 40～60m/s for this reason.
In order to guarantee the time of staying of reburning fuel in the reducing zone, guarantee the after-flame of fuel simultaneously, after-flame wind also must be fast, fully with mixing of main flue gas, and after-flame wind also should keep certain speed that sprays into, desirable 40～80m/s for this reason.
In order to reduce the NOx amount that main combustion zone generates, main burner can adopt some custom designs, as employing horizontal bias burner, or primary and secondary air biasing combustion system.
The tilt angled down of main burner nozzle, reburning fuel nozzle and after-flame wind nozzle can be 0 °～35 °, and angle each other can have nothing in common with each other.
Realize the device of said method, comprise the body of heater of coal-burning boiler and connect formations such as pipeline between each equipment, air door, distributor, adjustable shrinkage cavity, header that mill separator is used for improving whole fineness of pulverized coal and uniformity; The burner that is installed on the body of heater wall comprises main burner, reburning fuel burner and after-flame wind nozzle, and wherein main burner is positioned at the place, main combustion zone of body of heater, and the reburning fuel burner is positioned at the reburning zone, and after-flame wind nozzle is positioned at burning-out zone; Stove cigarette blower fan is used for extracting flue gas to carry coal-fired again powder from back-end ductwork.
The device of burning method is when using again to adopt fine breeze, and partial fume is drawn by stove cigarette blower fan from boiler back end ductwork, enters stove cigarette bellows through pipeline; Stove cigarette bellows mix with the fine powder that comes from machine supplying powder after flue gas is distributed, and send into the burner hearth reburning zone through powder feeding pipes, recombustion burner; Bias combustion or primary and secondary air biasing combustion system are adopted in main combustion zone, have tentatively reduced the nitrogen oxide generation, and flue gas enters the reburning zone subsequently, with fine breeze generation reduction reaction the nitrogen oxide that main combustion zone generates is reduced into N in reducing atmosphere
2After flue gas entered burning-out zone, owing to there is the partial combustion air to enter this district by the after-flame wind snout, unburnt carbon was able to abundant burning at burning-out zone.Thereby under the prerequisite that does not influence boiler efficiency, realized the low NOx combustion of boiler.The utilization of the present invention fine breeze identical with main fuel carries out denitration by refueling as reburning fuel, by simple device, realizes higher denitration efficiency.Compare with existing above-mentioned NOx discharge-reducing method, fine breeze is combustion technology advantages such as both to have had system simple, and it is little that the retrofit work amount is installed, and operating cost is low again, and its nitric efficiency height, can reach more than 60%; Compare with natural gas reburning technology (adopting natural gas) as reburning fuel, because fine breeze burning method again adopts the fuel identical with main fuel as reburning fuel, therefore fine breeze again burning method greatly reduce the operating cost of boiler again, can realize higher nitric efficiency under low cost, be a kind of advanced person's of suitable China's national situation denitride technology.
Compared with prior art, the technique effect that the present invention produced is:
1. denitration efficiency is higher than conventional low NOx technology, near the afterbody denitration technology more than 60%.
2. utilize the fine breeze identical as reburning fuel, do not need other fuel and promoter with main fuel.The initial cost of equipment and operating cost are reduced greatly like this.
3. whole fineness and the uniformity owing to coal dust improves, the combustion intensity of the main combustion zone of the total Coal-fired capacity 80%～85% of burning boiler increases, burn to the adverse effect of efficiency of combustion under reducing atmosphere thereby offset 15%～20% coal-fired again powder, the integral combustion efficient of boiler can not reduced.
4. duff powder recombustion system operation mode is flexible, both can put into operation with main burner, increases unit on-load ability, reduces the NOx discharge capacity; Also can be used as an independent system and isolated out, when not needing it, boiler can return to traditional method of operation.
5. this technology is convenient and easy on the implementation, is easy to existing boiler is transformed, and is not subjected to territorial restrictions.
The present invention mainly is applicable to pulverized-coal fired boiler, and is not subjected to the restriction of the type of furnace, capacity, coal, is particularly useful for burning the boiler than high volatile coal, has broad application prospects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is coal-burning installation structure and a system schematic of using fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of the present invention.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that accompanying drawing and inventor provide
The specific embodiment
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1 be to realize coal-burning installation structure of the present invention and system schematic.This device adopts fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method.This device mainly comprises the connecting pipe between feeder 1, coal pulverizer 2, mill separator 3, pulverized-coal collector 4, Pulverized Coal Bin 5, Powder discharging fan 6, stove cigarette blower fan 10, economizer 11 and 13, air preheater 12 and 14, deduster 15, air-introduced machine 16 and each equipment.Main combustion zone A is equipped with horizontal bias burner 9 in the burner hearth of coal-powder boiler, at reducing zone B reburning fuel spout 8 is installed, and at burning-out zone C after-flame wind snout 7 is housed.Raw coal enters coal pulverizer 2 through feeder 1, through after grinding, enters and carries out the thickness separation in the mill separator 3, and qualified fine breeze is captured by pulverized-coal collector 4, falls into Pulverized Coal Bin 5 and stores.The fine breeze of separating from pulverized-coal collector 4 is sent into burner hearth by Powder discharging fan 6 by main burner 9.Enter the vertical flue of afterbody behind flue gas process main combustion zone A, the reducing zone B that coal dust firing produces in the burner hearth and burning-out zone C and the horizontal flue, with economizer 11,13, heat exchanges take place in air preheater 12,14, then by deduster 15 dedustings.Most of flue gas after the dedusting leads to chimney 17 through air-introduced machine 16 and enters atmosphere, and stove cigarette blower fan 10 is drawn the fraction flue gas from deduster 15 back, mixes the back with the coal dust of Pulverized Coal Bin 5 and sends into burner hearth by reburning fuel spout 8.
The combustion method that this device adopted is: (1) will account for the main fuel coal of caloric value 80～85% and send into main combustion zone, excess air coefficient (α) greater than 1 and near 1 condition under burning generate nitrogen oxide; (2) reburning fuel of caloric value 15～20% is sent into the reburning district by the reburning fuel burner 8 on main burner 9 tops, form reducing atmosphere under less than 1 condition, make the nitrogen oxide reduction at excess air coefficient (α); (3) wind that will account for stove total blast volume 15～40% is drawn as after-flame wind from secondary wind, sprays in the burner hearth by the after-flame wind nozzle 7 that is arranged in recombustion burner 8 tops, makes the completing combustion of uncombusted fuel.
In implementation process, raw coal grinds through low speed coal mill 1, and after mill separator 3, pulverized-coal collector 4 separated, qualified fine breeze was stored in the Pulverized Coal Bin 5, wherein the fine breeze of 80%-85% enters main combustion zone A as main fuel by main burner 9, and remainder is as reburning fuel.Draw behind the partial fume flue gas Self-duster 15, mix with the parts of fine coal dust of Pulverized Coal Bin 5 by stove smoke pipe road, enter burner hearth reducing zone B from reburning fuel spout 8 through stove cigarette blower fan 10.NOx generates in a large number at main combustion zone A, at reducing zone B reduction reaction takes place, and major part is reduced into N
2, imperfect combustion carbon is at burning-out zone C after-flame, and it is by realizing with the after-flame wind reaction that enters from the after-flame wind snout.Coal dust is after abundant reaction, and flue gas is by horizontal flue and vertically flue heat exchange, deduster 15 dedustings, and most of flue gas leads to chimney 17 through air-introduced machine 16 and discharges.
In order to guarantee not overtemperature of improved main stripping temperature, main burner nozzle 9, reburning fuel nozzle 8 and after-flame wind nozzle 7 all have certain tilt angled down.
Adopt said method and device thereof can realize fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating, air classification denitration and flue gas recirculation denitration simultaneously, do not influencing under the prerequisite of boiler efficiency substantially, effectively reduce the NOx discharging, denitration efficiency is reached more than 60%.The transformation that utilizes this technology that boiler is implemented is not subjected to the restriction of area, the boiler type of furnace, and the low and efficient height of initial investment cost and operating cost is fit to the environmental emission standard and the national conditions of China.Therefore, this technology has popularization and practical value widely.
Claims (8)
1. fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method that is applicable to coal-burning boiler, the burner of coal-burning boiler comprises main burner, reburning fuel burner and after-flame wind nozzle, wherein main burner is positioned at the main combustion zone of coal-burning boiler body of heater, the reburning fuel burner is positioned at the reburning zone, and after-flame wind nozzle is positioned at burning-out zone; It is characterized in that included step is:
1) fineness of pulverized coal is dropped to R
90＜10%, as main fuel and reburning fuel;
2) main fuel that will account for caloric value 80～85% is sent into main combustion zone, excess air coefficient (α) greater than 1 and near 1 condition under burning generate nitrogen oxide;
3) reburning fuel that will account for caloric value 15～20% is sent into the reburning district by the reburning fuel nozzle on main burner top, forms reducing atmosphere at excess air coefficient (α) under less than 1 condition, makes the nitrogen oxide reduction;
4) combustion air that will account for stove total blast volume 15%～40% is drawn as after-flame wind from secondary wind, sprays in the burner hearth by being arranged in the after-flame wind nozzle that fires the nozzle top again, makes the completing combustion of uncombusted fuel;
5) pumped (conveying) medium of reburning fuel is taken from the stove cigarette from boiler back end ductwork;
6) main burner spout and reburning fuel spout and burnt wind spout are had a down dip certain angle.
2. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the pumped (conveying) medium of reburning fuel adopts recirculation stove cigarette blower fan to extract from boiler back end ductwork, flue-gas temperature is 120 ℃～500 ℃, the flue gas recycled amount is 5%～15% of a boiler exhaust gas amount, its excess air coefficient that carries again behind the coal-fired powder is 0.3～0.6, and the reburning zone temperature is 1200 ℃～1500 ℃.
3. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that described main burner adopts the horizontal bias burner, or primary and secondary air biasing combustion system, to reduce the NOx amount that main combustion zone generates.
4. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the downward-sloping angle of described main burner nozzle, reburning fuel nozzle and after-flame wind nozzle is in 0 °～35 ° scopes, angle each other can have nothing in common with each other.
5. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that main combustion zone excess air coefficient is 1.05～1.1; The reducing zone excess air coefficient is 0.7～1.0; The burning-out zone excess air coefficient is 1.15～1.2.
6. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that the speed that described reburning fuel sprays into burner hearth is 40m/s～60m/s, the speed that after-flame wind sprays into burner hearth is 40m/s～80m/s.
7. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that: bunker coal is 0.5s～1s in the time of staying of main combustion zone; In the time of staying of reburning zone is 0.4s～1.5s; In the time of staying of burning-out zone is 0.4s～1s.
8. according to the described fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method of using on the coal-burning boiler that is applicable to of claim 1, it is characterized in that reburning fuel is directly taken from coal dust powder storehouse, regulate the amount of coal-fired powder again with machine supplying powder.
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| CN100400962C (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-07-09 | 浙江大学 | Method for reburning nitrogen oxides by coal combustion boiler and apparatus thereof |
| CN100455885C (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2009-01-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for burning of low nitrogen oxides in coal-burning boiler |
| CN100593671C (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-03-10 | 上海电力学院 | Method for reducing elemental mercury, nitrogen oxide discharging for coal-fired boiler classified recombustion |
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