CN1584563A - Quasi-isorange atomic beam holographic interferometer - Google Patents
Quasi-isorange atomic beam holographic interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1584563A CN1584563A CN 200410024989 CN200410024989A CN1584563A CN 1584563 A CN1584563 A CN 1584563A CN 200410024989 CN200410024989 CN 200410024989 CN 200410024989 A CN200410024989 A CN 200410024989A CN 1584563 A CN1584563 A CN 1584563A
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- atomic beam
- atom
- zone plate
- beam source
- receiver
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Abstract
A holographic interferometer with quasi-aplanatism of atomic beam is featured as having magneto-optic trap formed by laser field and magnetic field in atomic beam source, setting object to be tested in distance Zo to receiving face of receiver for satisfying with equation of Zo(Zf+f)=Zf2 as Zf referring to distance between receiven and pinhole light diaphragm (PLD)f referring to distance between zone plate and PLD.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hologram-interferometer, particularly a kind of accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer, this interferometer is mainly used to test gravitational effect, can obtain to use widely in modern quantum-mechanical theory.
Background technology
Closely during the last ten years, along with the continuous maturation of atomic beam laser-cooling technology and micro optical element manufacturing technology, make people be hopeful to be engaged in the experimental study of atom species wave interference and atom holography.As far back as 1992, people such as Shimizu adopted metastable state Ne atom to make atomic beam source, and the experimental study that the double aperture slit atomic beam is interfered finished in the microchannel plate record; 1996, people such as Mokoto Morinaga finished an interesting experiment, and they adopt binary hologram of computer manufacture, then, threw light on it with metastable state Ne atom, had obtained reconstructed image.This is up to now, first trial that people finish aspect atom hologram.
2002, Chinese Academy of Sciences's Shanghai ray machine high letter is grand waits the method that the people proposed to be used for the lensless fourier transform record of atom holography art [referring to technology Hongyi Gao formerly, Jianwen Chen et.al., " A Lensless Fourier fransform recording method for atom Uolography ", J.Opt, Quanfum Semiclass, Opt.2002.4.347-351], utilize the first-order diffraction ripple and the zero order wave of fresnel's zone plate to interfere, make atom hologram figure.
We know that holography is one two a step imaging process: first step record, freeze the object corrugated with the form of interference fringe; Second step was reconstruct, and available former recording light, visible light or computing machine carry out.The various aberrations that can manage in the restructuring procedure to introduce in the recording process eliminate, to improve resolution.
Why atom holography causes people's interest, is because it has many optical holographys and interference, electronic holographic and the unrivaled advantage of neutron interferometer:
1) compare with electronics, atom is not disturbed by on every side the stray EM field, improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) easily.
2) wavelength of atom is determined by de Brogile formula:
In the formula, m is an atomic mass, and V is an atom speed, and h is a Planck's constant, and C is the light velocity, and as seen, the wavelength of atom and its quality m are inversely proportional to.Because the quality of atom is more much bigger than neutron, electronics, therefore when speed V one timing, the wavelength of atom is more much smaller than above-mentioned two kinds of particles possibly, and this will improve measuring accuracy greatly, when changing speed, and the wavelength-tunable joint.The erect image visible light is interfered the same, realize the atom species wave interference, at first must carry out partial wave to the atom species ripple, and then manage to make partial wave to converge.If satisfy the relevant requirement of room and time between each partial wave, just can form interference fringe.
The atomic beam interferometer that the inventor Gao Hongyi of Shanghai Optics and Precision Mechanics institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chen Jianwen, Xie Honglan, Xu are provided to exhibition [is seen technology formerly: atomic beam interferometer, application number 0131305417, authorize a day 2004.4.14, the patent No.: ZL 01 1 13045.7], device is as shown in Figure 1.It comprises: in the vacuum chamber 7 that is made of shell, be equipped with atomic beam source 1, zone plate 2, place the pinhole diaphragm 3 at zone plate 2 focus places, and export the receiver 5 that is connected on the computing machine 6, article 4 to be measured are placed on the focal plane on pinhole diaphragm 3 next doors.
The subparallel atomic beam of the atomic beam source 1 emission zone plate 2 that throws light on, place the pinhole diaphragm 3 of a small size (diameter is 0.1mm) at zone plate 2 first-order diffraction focus O places, restraint Gc from the atomic beam that pinhole diaphragm 3 transmits as reference, and come, do not pass through collimated beam (the zero order wave P of testing sample 4 from zone plate 2 transmissions
0) as thing bundle Gw, place thing bundle Gw and pinhole diaphragm 3 on same horizontal level testing sample 4, at two atomic beam Gc and the Gw place that meets, can obtain interference fringe.The interference fringe spacing depends on reference to the angle between bundle Gc and object distance Gw, and the de Broglie wavelength of atom.Interference information is received device 5 and receives, and is transferred on the computing machine 6, and computing machine interferes hologram to be reconstructed reproduction to it again.
The weak point of this intervening atom sheet is, the room and time coherence of atomic beam source is had certain requirement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is at the existing shortcoming of above-mentioned technology formerly, and a kind of accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer is provided.This hologram-interferometer is very low to the temporal coherence requirement of atomic beam source, and energy measurement goes out any action of interfering phase change that causes, as: electromagnetic field, gravity field etc.Can be used for measuring net charge, the rotation phase shift of boson, Bloomsbury (Berry) phase characteristics (motion of atom in space varying magnetic field) of atom whereby; Can also carry out the research of general relativity, measure the velocity of rotation of the earth, the absolute value of check weighing power acceleration all has great using value at aspects such as navigation, mapping, geologic structures.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer, be built-in with atomic beam source and receiving plane receiver at the vacuum chamber that shell surrounded facing to atomic beam that atomic beam source is launched, between atomic beam source and receiver, be equipped with zone plate, focus O place in the first-order diffraction of zone plate is equipped with pinhole diaphragm, the output terminal of described receiver is connected to the computing machine outside the shell, it is characterized in that:
Described atomic beam source contains the magneto optical trap of being made up of laser field and magnetic field;
Described determinand product be positioned at pinhole diaphragm under, on the atomic beam road of atomic beam source emission, these article to be measured from the receiving plane of receiver apart from Z
0Satisfy equation:
Z
0(Z
f+f)＝Z
f 2
In the formula: Z
fBe the distance between receiver and the pinhole diaphragm;
F is the distance between zone plate and the pinhole diaphragm.
The magneto optical trap that contains in the said atomic beam source is made up of laser field and magnetic field, and it can cool off and catch atom, since simple in structure, so be widely used as the basic tool of cold atomic beam experiment for many years.Magneto optical trap promptly is the light generation optics viscose glue with the garden polarization, light frequency is tuned to absorption line a little less than atom, and from all direction irradiated atoms, Doppler shift makes the light facing to the incident of motion atom shift near resonance, and make the light that deviates from it away from resonance, the photon that comes from the place ahead of atom preferential scattering and being decelerated like this.
Usually form three orthogonal stationary fields with six bundle laser, like this, atom can be subjected to a viscous damping force F anywhere, stop its motion, can imprison a part of atom, form visible atomic cloud, such atomic cloud is named as the optics viscose glue.
If only cool off and imprison the atomic time with the method for optics viscose glue, often make the atom off resonance, with a ball-type quadrupole moment magnetic field, when atom during away from initial point, the Zeeman frequency displacement makes it be tending towards resonance, and light beam just pushes back atom to initial point.Typical magneto optical trap, the imprison atom number can reach 10
10, temperature is in 10～100 μ k scopes, and density can reach 10
12/ cm
2, these are enough to guarantee the carrying out of interference experiment.
Said zone plate has atomic beam and focuses on and imaging effect (this be facts have proved), and the wavestrip ring on the zone plate is golden structure.The wavestrip loop resistance of gold structure passes through every atomic beam, and atomic beam is only passed through from the blanking bar ring between the two gold medal structure wavestrip rings.For this reason, wavestrip ring gold thickness of structure is equal to or greater than 0.5 μ m.
Pinhole aperture on the said pinhole diaphragm is less than or equal to 0.2mm, and the effect of its pinhole diaphragm is the elimination atomic beam through other diffracted wave behind the zone plate, makes only to be first-order diffraction ripple and zero order wave by the pinhole diaphragm pin hole.
Said testing sample is a phase object, and it must be placed on ad-hoc location.
Said receiver is to adopt microchannel sheet and CCD, can buy on market.
Said computing machine is to be used for the display holography interference fringe.
Said vacuum chamber adopts three mechanical pumps and three diffusion pumps, can make vacuum tightness reach 5 * 10
-6τ, the atom free path of this moment can reach more than 10 meters.
The near parallel atomic beam of the atomic beam source emission zone plate that throws light on, place the pinhole diaphragm of a small size (diameter is 0.1mm) at zone plate first-order diffraction focus O place, the atomic beam that transmits from pinhole diaphragm is as with reference to bundle Gc, and collimated beam (the zero order wave P that comes from the zone plate transmission
0) as thing bundle Gw, article to be measured are placed on the thing bundle Gw position, at two atomic beam Gc and the Gw place that meets, can obtain interference fringe.The interference fringe spacing depends on reference to the angle between bundle Gc and thing bundle Gw, and the de Broglie wavelength of atom.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
As all other hologram-interferometers, the accurate aplanatism atom hologram of the present invention interferometer also is to utilize the interferogram of two light waves to measure a phase shift, only testing sample must be in ad-hoc location and could guarantee accurate aplanatism, and we provide locality condition now.
If R is the radial coordinate on the hologram because because from from the atomic beam source to the zone plate apart from Zs
Zs＞＞Z
f
So the light path from atomic beam source 1 to the hologram reference wave is
L
r＝Z
s+(Z
f 2+R
2)
1/2(Z
f+f)/Z
f
＝Z
s+(Z
f+f)(1+R
2/Z
f 2)
1/2
＝Z
s+(Z
f+f)(1+R
2/2Z
f 2-R
4/8Z
f 4)
＝Z
s+Z
f+f+(Z
f+f)R
2/2Z
f 2-(Z
f+f)R
4/8Z
f 4
Light path from atomic beam source 1 to the hologram object wave is
L
0＝Z
s+f+(Z
f-Z
0)+(Z
0 2+R
2)
1/2
≈Z
s+Z
f+f+R
2/2Z
0-R
4/8Z
0 3
The optical path difference of reference wave and object wave is
ΔL＝|L
r-L
0|
≈|[(Z
f+f)/Z
f 2-Z
0 -1]R
2/2-[(Z
f+f)/Z
f 4-Z
0 -3]R
4/8|
＝|[Z
0(Z
f+f)-Z
f 2]R
2/2Z
0Z
f 2-[(Z
f+f)/Z
f 4-Z
0 -3]R
4/8|
If following formula is met
Z
0(Z
f+f)＝Z
f 2
Then have
ΔL＝|[Z
0 -3-(Z
f+f)/Z
f 4]R
4/8|
＝(Z
f 2-Z
0 2)R
4/8Z
0 3Z
f 2
The concrete concrete numerical value of actual accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer of substitution, for example:
Z
s＝317mm，λ＝3.3nm，r
0＝60nm，f＝1.25mm，r
s＝5μm，Z
0＝4mm
Can be in the hope of Δ L=0.23nm
In the formula, f is the zone plate focal length, and λ is the de Broglie wavelength of atomic beam, and light path only is an atomic scale between visible two light beams, the visual aplanatism that is as the criterion.
Advantage of the present invention:
Interferometer of the present invention, simple in structure, interfere the efficient height, the remolding sensitivity optical interdferometer is wanted high 7 magnitudes.Energy measurement goes out any action of interfering phase change that causes, as: electromagnetic field, gravity field etc. owing to adopt the particular design method, are accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometers.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is atom interferometer structure synoptic diagram in the technology formerly.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 2 earlier, interferometer of the present invention such as above-mentioned structure comprise: atomic beam source 1, and zone plate 2 places the pinhole diaphragm 3 at zone plate 2 focus places, testing sample 4, receiver 5, computing machine 6, shell 7, as shown in Figure 2.
The magneto optical trap that contains in the atomic beam source 1 is made up of laser field and magnetic field, can cool off and catches atom, because it is simple in structure, so be widely used as the basic tool of cold atomic beam experiment for many years.
The diameter of zone plate 2 is 210 μ m, the radius r of first wavestrip of zone plate 2
1=9.38 μ m, total number of rings 2n of zone plate 2
Max=128, wavestrip ring gold structure, thickness is 0.5 μ m, the zone that its purpose is to make atomic beam not block by golden structure wavestrip ring, and atomic beam only can be passed through from the blanking bar ring zone between the golden structure wavestrip ring.Utilize the diffraction characteristic of 2 pairs of atomic beams of zone plate,, and be reconstructed, just can obtain interference fringe the atomic beam beam splitting.
Said pinhole diaphragm 3, diameter is 0.1mm, is used for improving the spatial coherence of atomic beam source.
Said receiver 5 adopts microchannel plate and CCD, is input in the computing machine 6 again and goes to be reconstructed.
The near parallel atomic beam of the atomic beam source 1 emission zone plate 2 that throws light on, place the pinhole diaphragm 3 of a small size (diameter is 0.1mm) at zone plate 2 first-order diffraction focus O places, the part of atoms bundle that transmits from pinhole diaphragm 3 is as with reference to bundle Gc, and collimated beam (the zero order wave P that comes from zone plate 2 transmissions
0) as thing bundle Gw, article 4 to be measured are placed on the thing bundle Gw position, at two atomic beam Gc and the Gw place that meets, can obtain interference fringe.The interference fringe spacing depends on reference to the angle between bundle Gc and thing bundle Gw, and the de Broglie wavelength of atom.Interference fringe is received to be sent on the computing machine 6 after device 5 writes down and is reconstructed.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of accurate aplanatism atom hologram interferometer, the vacuum chamber (8) that is surrounded at shell (7) is built-in with atomic beam source (1) and receiving plane are launched atomic beam facing to atomic beam source (1) receiver (5), between atomic beam source (1) and receiver (5), be equipped with zone plate (2), focus 0 place in the first-order diffraction of zone plate (2) is equipped with pinhole diaphragm (3), the output terminal of described receiver (5) is connected to the computing machine (6) outside the shell (7), it is characterized in that:
Described atomic beam source (1) contains the magneto optical trap of being made up of laser field and magnetic field;
Described article to be measured (4) be positioned at pinhole diaphragm (3) under, on the atomic beam road of atomic beam source (1) emission, these article to be measured (4) from the receiving plane of receiver (5) apart from Z
0Satisfy equation:
Z
0(Z
f+f)＝Z
f 2
In the formula: Z
fDistance between-receiver (5) and the pinhole diaphragm (3);
Distance between f-zone plate (2) and the pinhole diaphragm (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100249896A CN100427934C (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Quasi-isorange atomic beam holographic interferometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100249896A CN100427934C (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Quasi-isorange atomic beam holographic interferometer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1584563A true CN1584563A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN100427934C CN100427934C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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ID=34601088
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100249896A Expired - Fee Related CN100427934C (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Quasi-isorange atomic beam holographic interferometer |
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|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110879132A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-03-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Double-spherical cavity for point source transmittance test and point source transmittance test system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4084970A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1978-04-18 | Rca Corporation | Organic volume phase holographic recording media using sucrose benzoate |
| CN1039745C (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1998-09-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械研究所 | Real-time one step double-wavelength holographic interference checking device |
| JP3177961B2 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2001-06-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | Pattern forming method and apparatus by atomic beam holography |
| CN1145792C (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-04-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Atomic beam interferometer |
| CN2515703Y (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2002-10-09 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Atomic-beam holographic interferometer |
-
2004
- 2004-06-08 CN CNB2004100249896A patent/CN100427934C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110879132A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-03-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Double-spherical cavity for point source transmittance test and point source transmittance test system |
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|---|---|
| CN100427934C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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Granted publication date: 20081022 Termination date: 20100608 |