Background technology
Nano Silver was found by scientist as far back as the seventies in last century, Nano Silver and the assembly system that contains nano-Ag particles have caused the great interest of people at the excellent properties aspect numerous such as mechanics, electricity, calorifics, optics, catalysis, explore the work of the physical mechanism of these excellent properties and carry out.Nano Silver strengthens research fields such as Raman spectrum, surface enhanced resonant scattering spectrum, molecular biology, supramolecular system and occupies very consequence on the surface; Simultaneously, Nano Silver also demonstrates very wide application prospect: as it is high by 30% than traditional material to utilize Nano Silver to make the effectiveness of heat exchanger of dilution refrigeration agent; In chemical fibre, add a spot of Nano Silver, can improve the functional of chemical fabrics, and make it have very strong sterilizing ability; Industrial with Nano Silver as the catalyst of some chemical reaction, nano-Ag particles-carrier composite material and Ag-mesoporous solid composite absorption, separate and catalysis aspect have important application, can improve reaction speed and efficient etc. greatly; Electron trade can the manufacturing chemistry battery and photochemical cell in electrode, electronic component, thermionic emitters, conductive organic matter and conductive paste and infrared acquisition, light select to absorb photosensitive material; Paint field can utilize the broad-spectrum bactericidal action of Nano Silver to develop novel nontoxic antibiotic paint, and it demonstrates the excellent antibacterial ability to various Gram-positives and gramnegative bacterium, bacillus and fungi.
At present, nano silver colloidal sol mainly contains two kinds of production methods:
1, direct-reduction process: silver salt and reducing agent are dissolved in respectively in the solvent, and with both mixed silver sols that gets, though this method technology is comparatively simple, the product silver content is low, poor stability again.
2, microemulsion method: two kinds of immiscible solvents form emulsion under the effect of surfactant and cosurfactant, and silver salt and reducing agent through nucleation, coalescent, form silver sol in micella.By control solvent load, silver salt and reductant concentration, surfactant concentration and appropriate reaction condition, can control nano silver particles size and dispersed preferably, but in this series products owing to contain surfactant, limited the scope of application of silver sol, and breakdown of emulsion can cause the reunion of nanoparticle, increased production cost, and complex process.
Summary of the invention
Nano silver colloidal sol that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of form stable, be uniformly dispersed, silver content is high and preparation method thereof, to overcome the shortcoming that the nano silver colloidal sol of high-load is difficult for making in the prior art, and this manufacture method is simple, is convenient to use on a large scale in the industry.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of nano silver colloidal sol is characterized in that this silver sol is to adopt oxidation-reduction method to make according to following prescription:
Silver nitrate: 1 * 10
-6~10
-1Mol reducing agent: 1 * 10
-6~1mol
Distilled water: 1L protecting colloid: 0.01~100 gram.
Wherein reducing agent comprises sodium borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, ascorbic acid, citric acid and salt thereof, tannic acid, glucose, oxalic acid, metal dust, sodium phosphite etc.; Protecting colloid comprises polyvinyl alcohol and derivative, polyvinylpyrrolidone and derivative thereof, cellulose and derivative thereof, polyacrylic acid (salt) and derivative, polyamide and derivative thereof, clay, diatomite, chitin, collagen, pectin etc.
Described cellulose and derivative thereof are cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl carboxy methyl cellulose.
Described clay is artificial modification's thing of talcum, imvite, vermiculite, mica and above-mentioned substance.
The molar ratio of silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 1~1: 10 in the described silver sol redox reaction.
Described dispersion protecting colloid weight is 0.01%~10% of distilled water weight.
Described nano silver colloidal sol disperse the surface of protecting colloid and inside to adsorb nano-Ag particles in its silver sol, and silver-colored particle grain size scope is 1~50 nanometer.
Described nano silver colloidal sol, its silver sol concentration can be up to 10000ppm.
To disperse protecting colloid solution to mix and carry out the silver sol redox reaction in liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus and the reductant solution, thereby make nano silver colloidal sol.
The preparation method of the nano silver colloidal sol among the present invention, adopt following steps:
A1, produce silver nitrate aqueous solution, the reducing agent aqueous solution and disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution respectively;
B1, will disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
C1, at first insert silver nitrate aqueous solution in the flow controller and control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation, be added drop-wise in the reactor that the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution are housed, after dropwising, continue to stir 1-24 hour, get the silver sol product;
Above-mentioned silver sol product is preserved in D1, encapsulation.
The preparation method of the nano silver colloidal sol among the present invention, also can adopt following steps:
A2, produce silver nitrate aqueous solution, the reducing agent aqueous solution and disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution respectively;
B2, will disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and silver nitrate aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
C2, at first insert the reducing agent aqueous solution in the flow controller and control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation, be added drop-wise in the reactor that the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution and silver nitrate aqueous solution are housed, after dropwising, continue to stir 1-24 hour, get the silver sol product;
Above-mentioned silver sol product is preserved in D2, encapsulation.
Among described steps A 1 and the A2, the concentration of described silver nitrate aqueous solution, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution is respectively 1 * 10
-6~10
-1Mol/L, 1 * 10
-6~1mol/L, 0.01~100g/L.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: in the present invention, utilize and disperse protecting colloid institute electrically charged to silver ion generation attraction force, silver-colored self assembly is dispersed in disperses in the protecting colloid; Simultaneously; by disperseing protecting colloid in solution, to form three-D space structure; silver ion is dispersed in wherein; like this; by surface and the internal voids absorption nano-Ag particles that disperses protecting colloid; limited the growth of silver ion in reduction process; solved nano silver colloidal sol (especially when Nano Silver concentration is higher) instability well; particle is easily reunited; problems such as variable color; and this method need not heat; technology; equipment is simple; can control the growth of silver particles size well; therefore, technology of the present invention is simple and efficient is high, prepared nano silver colloidal sol concentration height (up to 10000ppm); impurity is few; stability is high; particle diameter little (50nm following) and being evenly distributed; can be widely used in electronics; weaving; health care; food; coating; in the fields such as plastics, have good economic benefits and social benefit.
The specific embodiment
According to embodiment the present invention is described in further detail below:
Embodiment 1:
Get 0.01 mole of silver nitrate; molar ratio by silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 10; get reducing agent; as 0.1 mole of sodium borohydride, get the dispersion protecting colloid, as 1000 kilograms in polyvinyl alcohol and derivative thereof; 10000 liters of distilled water; at this moment, disperseing the weight of protecting colloid is 10% of distilled water weight, according to following processing step:
Silver nitrate, reducing agent and dispersion protecting colloid are dissolved in respectively in the distilled water, produce concentration and be respectively 1 * 10
-6Mol/L, 1 * 10
-5The silver nitrate aqueous solution of mol/L, 100g/L, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution;
To disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
Silver nitrate aqueous solution is inserted in the flow controller, control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation be added drop-wise in the aforesaid reaction vessel, after dropwising, continue to stir 24 hours, get the silver sol product;
Described silver sol product is preserved in encapsulation.
Like this, after dispersion protecting colloid solution and reductant solution were evenly mixed, the silver sol redox reaction by silver nitrate and reducing agent obtained nano silver colloidal sol of the present invention.
Embodiment 2:
Get 0.25 mole of silver nitrate; molar ratio by silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 5; get reducing agent; as 1.25 moles of sodium borohydrides, get the dispersion protecting colloid, as 2.5 kilograms in polyvinyl alcohol and derivative thereof; 25 liters of distilled water; at this moment, disperseing the weight of protecting colloid is 10% of distilled water weight, according to following processing step:
Silver nitrate, reducing agent and dispersion protecting colloid are dissolved in respectively in the distilled water, produce concentration and be respectively 1 * 10
-2Mol/L, 5 * 10
-2The silver nitrate aqueous solution of mol/L, 100g/L, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution;
To disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and silver nitrate aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
The reducing agent aqueous solution is inserted in the flow controller, control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation be added drop-wise in the aforesaid reaction vessel, after dropwising, continue to stir 5 hours, get the silver sol product;
Described silver sol product is preserved in encapsulation.
Like this, after dispersion protecting colloid solution and liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus were evenly mixed, the silver sol redox reaction by silver nitrate and reducing agent obtained nano silver colloidal sol of the present invention.
Embodiment 3:
Get 1 mole of silver nitrate; molar ratio by silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 1; get reducing agent; as 1 mole of sodium phosphite, get the dispersion protecting colloid, as 50 kilograms in polyvinylpyrrolidone and derivative thereof; 1000 liters of distilled water; at this moment, disperseing the weight of protecting colloid is 5% of distilled water weight, according to following processing step:
Silver nitrate, reducing agent and dispersion protecting colloid are dissolved in respectively in the distilled water, produce concentration and be respectively 1 * 10
-3Mol/L, 1 * 10
-3The silver nitrate aqueous solution of mol/L, 50g/L, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution;
To disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
Silver nitrate aqueous solution is inserted in the flow controller, control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation be added drop-wise in the aforesaid reaction vessel, after dropwising, continue to stir 16 hours, get the silver sol product;
Described silver sol product is preserved in encapsulation.
Like this, after dispersion protecting colloid solution and reductant solution were evenly mixed, the silver sol redox reaction by silver nitrate and reducing agent obtained nano silver colloidal sol of the present invention.
Embodiment 4:
Get 2.5 moles of silver nitrates; molar ratio by silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 3; get reducing agent; as 7.5 moles of hydrazine hydrates, get the dispersion protecting colloid, as 0.25 kilogram in cellulose and derivative thereof; 25 liters of distilled water; at this moment, disperseing the weight of protecting colloid is 1% of distilled water total amount, according to following processing step:
Silver nitrate, reducing agent and dispersion protecting colloid are dissolved in respectively in the distilled water, produce concentration and be respectively 1 * 10
-1Mol/L, 3 * 10
-1The silver nitrate aqueous solution of mol/L, 10g/L, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution;
To disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
Silver nitrate aqueous solution is inserted in the flow controller, control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation be added drop-wise in the aforesaid reaction vessel, after dropwising, continue to stir 8 hours, get the silver sol product;
Described silver sol product is preserved in encapsulation.
Like this, after dispersion protecting colloid solution and reductant solution were evenly mixed, the silver sol redox reaction by silver nitrate and reducing agent obtained nano silver colloidal sol of the present invention.
Embodiment 5:
Get 2.5 moles of silver nitrates; molar ratio by silver nitrate and reducing agent is 1: 6; get reducing agent; as 15 moles in ascorbic acid, get the dispersion protecting colloid, as 0.0025 kilogram of clay; 25 liters of distilled water; at this moment, disperseing the weight of protecting colloid is 0.01% of distilled water weight, according to following processing step:
Silver nitrate, reducing agent and dispersion protecting colloid are dissolved in respectively in the distilled water, produce concentration and be respectively 1 * 10
-1Mol/L, 6 * 10
-1The silver nitrate aqueous solution of mol/L, 0.1g/L, the reducing agent aqueous solution and the dispersion protecting colloid aqueous solution;
To disperse the protecting colloid aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution to put into reactor, and stir;
Silver nitrate aqueous solution is inserted in the flow controller, control the flow that it flow to reactor, under agitation be added drop-wise in the aforesaid reaction vessel, after dropwising, continue to stir 1 hour, get the silver sol reactant;
Described silver sol reactant is preserved in encapsulation.
Like this, after dispersion protecting colloid solution and reductant solution were evenly mixed, the silver sol redox reaction by silver nitrate and reducing agent obtained nano silver colloidal sol of the present invention.
In the above-described embodiments, reducing agent also can be citric acid and salt, tannic acid, oxalic acid, glucose or metal dust, and the reducing agent of using these different materials is in processing step of the present invention, and its operating procedure is consistent with the above.
In the above-described embodiments; disperse protecting colloid to can be carboxylate, acrylic acid and salt thereof, polyamide, diatomite, chitin, collagen, pectin; the dispersion protecting colloid of using these different materials is in processing step of the present invention, and its operating procedure is consistent with the above.
It should be noted that:
In embodiment 4; disperse protecting colloid to adopt cellulose and derivative thereof; this cellulose and derivative thereof can be cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl carboxy methyl cellulose, are consistent as for its technological operation step with the above.
In embodiment 5, disperse protecting colloid to adopt clay, this clay can be artificial modification's thing of talcum, imvite, vermiculite, mica or described material, is consistent as for its technological operation step with the above.