CN1581990A - Abnormal resource treating method in mobile communication system - Google Patents
Abnormal resource treating method in mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method includes steps: measuring starting time when mobile terminal reports measurement report, and setting up checking cycle; obtaining theoretical number of measurement report reported from mobile terminals, and recording actual number of measurement report reported from mobile terminals, and setting up comparison parameter; in the period of checking cycle, obtaining difference quantity between the said theoretical number and actual number, and comparing between difference quantity and comparison parameter to find out abnormal instance; reclaiming resources in the said abnormal instance and resources of the abnormal instance self. The invention raises reliability of operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method of abnormal resource in a kind of mobile communcations system, relate in particular to the cellular mobile communication system.
Background technology
General application software all can be run into the problem of abnormality processing inevitably, dynamically applies for failure such as internal memory, causes process operation exception branch or the like.In bitcom, except similar situation, also may there be a kind of situation of resource exception, mainly shows as and be labeled the resource of using and in fact be in the free time.The resource here is meant the communication resources that communication system is managed, rather than the computer own resources.For the cellular mobile communication system, can be radio channel resource or terrestrial repetition resource etc.
Cause the reason of this resource exception to have a lot and can't avoid fully, lost at transmittance process such as being used for a unexpected message of resource conservation state, perhaps timer parameter is provided with incorrectly, causes normal protection to be lost efficacy or the like.The hardware fault that also might be equipment itself causes.Having a solution that statement is all arranged in general agreement, generally is discovery and recovery that the application once more of resource triggers abnormal resource, as in the gsm system for the application of the relay resource of A interface, the fault of " relaying takies " appears sometimes.But this method is for often invalid by the resource of an entity management.Also having a kind of scheme is periodically to check the consistency of database and application layer resource situation.The actual unusual situation of resource but this scheme can't solve both state consistencies.In fact the communication system that yet has does not have the reliability of similar measure and ensure system, and the result often after heavy traffic or long-play, comes out in the problem set.
In fact, no matter be the resource of entity internal control or the resource of inter-entity, in application layer, always organically be present in the middle of the communication context.These communication contexts show as the instance data district that is kept at one by one in the dynamic memory medium in bitcom.The present invention is based on the feature of honeycomb mobile communcations system itself, find out abnormal resource by the method for finding out the exception example data field, and reclaimed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, the processing method of abnormal resource in a kind of mobile communcations system is provided.Because the direct result of resource exception is after long-time accumulation resource leakage to take place, the efficient resource that causes system to utilize reduces gradually, finally causes systemic breakdown.Therefore, the method that the present invention proposes is exactly a solution at the resource exception that may occur in this honeycomb mobile communication software, thereby improves the reliability of mobile communcations system in running without interruption for a long time.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The processing method of abnormal resource in a kind of mobile communcations system, this method is: measure the time started of mobile terminal reporting measurement report, and set proof cycle;
Draw the theoretical number of measurement report of mobile terminal reporting, the measurement report actual number of record mobile terminal reporting, and set comparative parameter;
In described proof cycle, draw the measures of dispersion between theoretical number of described measurement report and the described measurement report actual number, and described measures of dispersion and described comparative parameter are compared, find out exception example;
Resource in the described exception example and described exception example own resources are reclaimed again.
If establish the maximum of the instance space of a concrete communication device and be the maximum of MAX_INSTANCE_NUM, each example number of checking and be MAX_CHECKED_NUM, check and the maximum of the exception example number handled is MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, check that so the condition that finishes satisfies one of following condition at least at every turn:
Each example number of checking reaches maximum MAX_CHECKED_NUM;
The number of each exception example of checking and handling reaches maximum MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM.
Described MAX_CHECKED_NUM and described MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM need meet the following conditions:
MAX_CHECKED_NUM>>MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM;
And described MAX_INSTANCE_NUM is the integral multiple of described MAX_CHECKED_NUM;
Described MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM is made as the units less than 10.
Described proof cycle is made as T; Described comparative parameter is made as D; The time started that measurement report reports is set to ST, and the rule that measurement report reports is F (t); Then:
There is the n kind to report rule f1 if establish certain communication system, f2, ... fn, corresponding every kind to report the max calculation error rate of rule be e (1), e (2) ... e (n), setting the error of calculation d of this communication system in a proof cycle so is max (f1 (T) * e (1), f2 (T) * e (2) ..., fn (T) * e (n));
And have: an example is being m*T by the cycle between twice inspection, and the error of generation is d*m; Parameter D is more than 10 times of this error, i.e. D>=10*m*d at least;
Setup parameter D can not exceed the theory of computation number in the proof cycle, obtain parameter D and be max (f1 (T), f2 (T) ..., fn (T), 10*m*d).
Method of the present invention comprises following concrete steps:
Step 2, start-up period are the timer of T;
Step 3, blanking time T, after receiving the message of described timer expiry, the system initialization parameter: inspected to and the exception example number of finishing dealing be 0;
Step 4, current check example pointer CISP=(CISP+1) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the example of the current indication of step 5 is the communication example of a sky, so directly enter step 11;
If the example of the current indication of step 6 is not the communication example of a sky, then calculate the theoretical number LTRN=LTRN+F (t-ST) of the up-to-date measurement report of this example, wherein t is current system time, and ST is the system time that measurement report reports rule F (t) to come into effect;
If step 7 LTRN<RRN+D judges that so this example is exactly a regular instance;
Step 8, refresh LTRN=RRN, and time started ST is adjusted into current system time t;
If step 9 LTRN<RRN+D is false, then abnormality processing is finished example sum FAIS and is added 1;
Step 10, recovery exception example comprise example itself;
Step 11, calculate total test case add up to (CISP+MAX_INSTANCE_NUM-OISP) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the sum of step 12 test case is greater than or equal to MAX_CHECKED_NUM, forward step 15 so to;
If being greater than or equal to the condition of MAX_CHECKED_NUM, the sum of step 13 test case is false, then judge inspected to and the exception example number FAIS that finishes dealing with whether greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, if FAIS greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, forwards step 15 to so;
If step 14 FAIS smaller or equal to MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, then forwards step 4 to;
Step 15, original test case pointer OISP is set equals current check example pointer CISP, forward step 2 then to.
If variation has taken place the rule F (t) that measurement report reports in twice inspection intervals, so described time started ST refreshes the system time when changing, and up-to-date theoretical number of times LTRN refreshes and is RRN.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention judge an instance data district whether normal topmost foundation come the feature of cellular autofluorescence mobile communication itself, rather than additional mechanism is so mechanism itself is always effective.And in concrete application process, each termination condition of checking can be provided with flexibly, thereby guarantees that checking process itself can be suppressed within the desired scope for the influence of system.
Direct effect of the present invention is whether can judge in the mobile communcations system instance data district timely and effectively normal, and according to communication system ground feature separately, the system resource and the instance data district itself that in time reclaim exception example.Because occurring the phenomenon of exception example and abnormal resource in the mobile communcations system can't avoid fully, this mechanism improves an effective measure of system works reliability beyond doubt, can avoid losing of mobile communcations system resource, thereby satisfy the requirement of the long-time uninterrupted reliability service of mobile communcations system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cellular mobile network system schematic;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the inventive method;
Fig. 3 a is the inventive method fundamental diagram;
Fig. 3 b is that the inventive method finishes inspection condition schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a GSM mobile communcations system structure chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention:
The honeycomb mobile communcations system has following 3 features usually: 1) whole network is made up of the honeycomb of overlapped covering; 2) for support terminal moves, need come the switching of support terminal between honeycomb between honeycomb by the measurement of uplink downlink; 3) rule that reports of uplink downlink measurement report is as can be known.
The network diagram of honeycomb mobile communication is referring to Fig. 1.Honeycomb mobile communcations system with above-mentioned feature when certain terminal begins communication, will keep the contextual instance data of this a time communication district in the dynamic memory medium of processor.In example, write down the various information of safeguarding that current communication needs, comprised the recent measurement report of between honeycomb, switching as the judgement terminal.If communication is normally being carried out, these measurement reports can report according to the rule that sets in advance so; On the contrary, if communication by aborted, simultaneously network is because certain reason can't be known interrupt event, example information in the medium will be retained so, and network can think mistakenly that the resource in this example is also being held over, and so just caused a unusual resource.
Because the rule that the measurement report that portable terminal switches between honeycomb reports is known, that is to say when checking a communication example, the time started that can report according to measurement report and according to known to rule calculate the number of measurement report of number, the especially mobile terminal reporting of the measurement report that should obtain in theory.Exception example is after portable terminal loses normal communication with network, the measurement report of mobile terminal reporting also stops immediately, but the clock of system is gone ahead not stopping always, so when this example was checked, the theoretical number of the measurement report of mobile terminal reporting will be greater than the actual number that reports that writes down in the instance data district.According to this feature, in software systems, start the mechanism of one-period inspection communication example, and stipulate a criterion that example is unusual: be i.e. theoretical number of the measurement report of mobile terminal reporting and the actual number difference upper limit D of overshoot whether.So just can find all exception examples, and resource unusual in these exception examples be reclaimed again, comprise the example own resources by the means of necessity.
In order to guarantee the operability of periodic test, regulation is checked the condition of termination simultaneously.This is for the interference for the normal operation of system of the checking process that reduces exception example itself, because theory of computation measurement report number and reclaim the resource that resource process itself also can consumption systems.
In addition, though the rule that measurement report reports is as can be known, but this rule itself can change in the complicated system communication system, and when calculating the theoretical number of measurement report, can produce certain error, so in order to improve the reliability of this checking mechanism, need the communication example in the change reporting rule or be examined determine to be regular instance in, refresh theoretical number and the actual number that reports is consistent.
Suppose that a honeycomb mobile communcations system satisfies above-mentioned 3 essential characteristics, the maximum of the instance space of its a concrete communication device is MAX_INSTANCE_NUM.Actual frequency RealReportNum that measurement report records reports in example (be called for short RRN) and up-to-date theoretical number of times LastTheoryReportNum (being called for short LTRN) have the rule F (t) that time StartTime (abbreviation ST) that last measurement report reports the measurement of rule to begin and last measurement report report.Each cycle of checking of regulation is T hour.Check that the condition that finishes is one of them that satisfies at least in following 2 kinds of situations:
1) each example number of checking reaches maximum MAX_CHECKED_NUM;
2) number of the exception example of inspection and processing reaches maximum MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM at every turn.
Wherein MAX_CHECKED_NUM>>MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM.And the maximum MAX_INSTANCE_NUM of regulation instance space is the MAX_CHECKED_NUM integral multiple, such as m doubly.MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM is defined as the units less than 10.
Relevant as the note abnormalities error of calculation of the efficient of example and theoretical number of the parameter D of criterion and expectation.Suppose that this communication system has the n kind to report rule f1, f2, ... fn, corresponding every kind to report the max calculation error rate of rule be e (1), e (2) ... e (n), stipulate that so the error of calculation d of this communication system in a proof cycle is max (f1 (T) * e (1), f2 (T) * e (2) ..., fn (T) * e (n)).Under situation the most smoothly, an example is being m*T by the cycle between twice inspection, so issuable error is d*m.Parameter D is more than 10 times of this error at least, i.e. error of calculation d in the D>=10*m*d, proof cycle is wherein determined by the rule that the measurement report of system own reports.In order to improve the efficient of judgement exception example, regulation parameter D can not exceed the theory of computation number in the proof cycle simultaneously simultaneously.Obtain parameter D like this and be max (f1 (T), f2 (T) ..., fn (T), 10*m*d).If a lasting time of regular instance exceeds more than 10*m times of proof cycle, may produce misjudgement according to method of the present invention so and be exception example, but as a rule the review time is hour being unit, and to exceed several 10 hours almost be impossible the communication duration in the honeycomb mobile communication, so can not adjudicate into unusual example to normal example in the practical application.For unusual example, because the theoretical number of measurement report always greater than the error of calculating, so always can be differentiated, can not omitted.
The core methed of realizing active detecting resource exception and recovery is divided into following step (as shown in Figure 2):
Step 2, start-up period are the timer of T;
Step 3, blanking time T, after receiving the message of described timer expiry, the system initialization parameter: inspected to and the exception example number of finishing dealing be 0;
Step 4, current check example pointer CISP=(CISP+1) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the example of the current indication of step 5 is the communication example of a sky, so directly enter step 11;
If the example of the current indication of step 6 is not the communication example of a sky, then calculate the theoretical number LTRN=LTRN+F (t-ST) of the up-to-date measurement report of this example, wherein t is current system time, and ST is the system time that measurement report reports rule F (t) to come into effect;
If step 7 LTRN<RRN+D judges that so this example is exactly a regular instance;
Step 8, refresh LTRN=RRN, and time started ST is adjusted into current system time t;
If step 9 LTRN<RRN+D is false, then abnormality processing is finished example sum FAIS and is added 1;
Step 10, recovery exception example comprise example itself.
Step 11, calculate total test case add up to (CISP+MAX_INSTANCE_NUM-OISP) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the sum of step 12 test case is greater than or equal to MAX_CHECKED_NUM, forward step 15 so to;
If being greater than or equal to the condition of MAX_CHECKED_NUM, the sum of step 13 test case is false, then judge inspected to and the exception example number FAIS that finishes dealing with whether greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, if FAIS greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, forwards step 15 to so;
If step 14 FAIS smaller or equal to MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, then forwards step 4 to;
Step 15, original test case pointer OISP is set equals current check example pointer CISP, forward step 2 then to.
If variation has taken place the rule F (t) that measurement report reports in twice inspection intervals, time started ST refreshes the system time when changing so, and up-to-date theoretical number of times LTRN refreshes and is RRN.
Shown in Fig. 3 a, in the mobile memory medium of device for mobile communication, maximum MAX_INSTANCE_NUM instance data districts are arranged.There are two pointers to point to original position and current position that is examined example that is examined example respectively.Current pointer is when arriving maximum instance data district, again from minimum instance data district.Write down parameter L TRN in the current active instance data field, RRN, ST and measurement report rule F (t).In the proof cycle, each checked active instance is with theory of computation measurement report sum, and the sum with physical record compares then, thereby judges whether current example is exception example.If being determined is exception example, the characteristics according to each system itself reclaim resource and instance data district itself so.In order to reduce interference for the system of working, effectively and in time reclaim simultaneously resource again, stipulated two conditions (shown in Fig. 3 b) that finish to check: the number FAIS of the exception example of handling in each checking process exceeds upper limit MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM or checked example number CIS, comprises invalid and number active instance exceeds upper limit MAX_CHECKED_NUM.
Embodiment: the present invention can apply to the GSM communication system well.GSM is that utilization is the widest at present, typical honeycomb mobile communcations system.Its structure as shown in Figure 4.
The network portion of GSM mobile communcations system has base station sub-system (BSS) and mobile switching subsystem (MSS) two parts to form.The management of the relay resource of A interface shown in the general MSS system management figure; And the BSS system management comprises the radio channel resource of Abis interface and UM interface.Base station receiver in the BSS system (BTS) functional module has formed the honeycomb of overlapped covering at wave point, and these honeycombs increase the capacity of system by multiplexing limited frequency set.Portable terminal with the process of network communication in, allow between honeycomb, to switch.The decision-making of switching between this honeycomb in the gsm system is finished by the base station controller in the BSS system (BSC), and the measurement report of the measurement report of the down link that portable terminal (MS) reports and the up link that BTS reports finishes but decision-making is based on.
The out-hole run report that report of the down-run survey of mobile terminal reporting and base station BTS are measured combines, being the cycle to begin later on to report in the wave point link establishment every 102TDMA frame (Dedicated Control Channel SDCCH) or 104TDMA frame (Traffic Channel TCH).If in the communication process, base station system BSS adopts the measurement report preconditioning technique, and cycle of reporting of measurement report changes at first in preliminary treatment so, such as the pretreated cycle be 2, be original one times reporting period so.Changing the later cycle remains unchanged under the prerequisite that change ginseng is not loose.
From the above description, gsm system is a typical honeycomb mobile communcations system, need portable terminal and base station BTS to come reporting measurement reports to assist and finish terminal switching between honeycomb in communication process, and the rule that reports of the measurement report that up-downgoing is synthesized is known.These features meet the requirement of the present invention for the honeycomb mobile communcations system fully.
Below be an application of gsm system, some parametric assumptions of application are:
1) base station controller storage medium one has 1200 instance data districts;
2) proof cycle is that T is 2 hours;
3) each example number of checking can not surpass 200, that is to say that the checked minimum period of each example is 12 hours;
4) be checked through at every turn and finish the exception example number that resource reclaims and to exceed 2;
5) measurement report time started ST and system time are unit with the second.
BTS does not adopt preconditioning technique, the rule that known measurement report reports is F (t)=(t-ST) * 25/12, this algorithm is that to adopt the TCH channel with communication process be prerequisite, consider the use of SDCCH channel, the influence that short message transmits and the delay of transmission of messages, the error rate e of algorithm can not surpass 0.5%.
The theoretical number of the measurement report of (2 hours) is 15000 (2*3600*25/12) in the above-mentioned data one-period, d=75, and m=1200/200=6 is so as the parameter D=max (10*6*75,15000)=15000 of criterion.
This base station controller inspection and the process that reclaims abnormal resource are such: when system starts working, one-period is set is 2 hours timer.When timer overflowed, checking mechanism started, and began to check from the instance data district of minimum.The instance data district of every activity, at first calculate current theoretical measurement report (measurement report that must comprise down link data) number LTRN=LTRN+ (t-ST) * 25/12, wherein t is current system time, then with the stating RRN and compare of the measurement report of example physical record.If LTRN has more at least 15000 measurement reports than RRN, so just can judge that this example is an exception example, and according to resource and the instance data district itself in the feature recovery exception example of gsm system, equal RRN otherwise refresh LRTN, and the time of measuring beginning is adjusted into current system time t.After checking out an example at every turn, concrete condition according to current example writes down tested example number and treated example number, so that after checking out an example at every turn, whether how the result will check has been satisfied the condition that stops to check, that is to say whether treated example number exceeds 200 or the exception example that is checked through and handles and whether exceed 2.In case satisfy the condition that stops, after the position of the current example of record, reset timer so, otherwise continue the inspection of next example.
GSM communication example is known in the rule of reporting measurement reports, though can be because produce certain error with the short message of path channels or the reason of calculating, it is little many that but this sum of errors judges that the unusual parameter D of example compares, and from the setting up procedure of parameter D, exception example will be examined out for the first time checked the time as long as the time that abnormality exists before being examined exceeded more than 2 hours so; Otherwise will in checking for the second time, be found, so efficient is higher relatively.And normal voice call or data communication seldom exceed 1 hour in the gsm system, say nothing of 120 hours, so criterion is very reliable again.In addition, the number of the exception example of each example sum of checking and processing has strict restriction, can not have influence on the normal operation of system; And, that is to say that the instance data district can be examined at most 2 times in one day because the checked short period of each example is 12 hours, this frequency is enough for the communication system of a long-time running.
The present invention judge an instance data district whether normal topmost foundation come the feature of cellular autofluorescence mobile communication itself, rather than additional mechanism is so mechanism itself is always effective.And in concrete application process, each termination condition of checking can be provided with flexibly, thereby guarantees that checking process itself can be suppressed within the desired scope for the influence of system.
Direct effect of the present invention is whether can judge in the mobile communcations system instance data district timely and effectively normal, and according to communication system ground feature separately, the system resource and the instance data district itself that in time reclaim exception example.Because occurring the phenomenon of exception example and abnormal resource in the mobile communcations system can't avoid fully, this mechanism improves an effective measure of system works reliability beyond doubt, can avoid losing of mobile communcations system resource, thereby satisfy the requirement of the long-time uninterrupted reliability service of mobile communcations system.
Above embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention, but not is used to limit the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the processing method of abnormal resource in the mobile communcations system is characterized in that, measures the time started of mobile terminal reporting measurement report, and sets proof cycle;
Draw the theoretical number of measurement report of mobile terminal reporting, the measurement report actual number of record mobile terminal reporting, and set comparative parameter;
In described proof cycle, draw the measures of dispersion between theoretical number of described measurement report and the described measurement report actual number, and described measures of dispersion and described comparative parameter are compared, find out exception example;
Resource in the described exception example and described exception example own resources are reclaimed again.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, if establish the maximum of the instance space of a concrete communication device and be the maximum of MAX_INSTANCE_NUM, each example number of checking and be MAX_CHECKED_NUM, check and the maximum of the exception example number handled is MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, check that so the condition that finishes satisfies one of following condition at least at every turn:
Each example number of checking reaches maximum MAX_CHECKED_NUM;
The number of each exception example of checking and handling reaches maximum MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described MAX_CHECKED_NUM and described MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM need meet the following conditions:
MAX_CHECKED_NUM>>MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM;
And described MAX_INSTANCE_NUM is the integral multiple of described MAX_CHECKED_NUM; Described MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM is made as the units less than 10.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described proof cycle is made as T; Described comparative parameter is made as D; The time started that measurement report reports is set to ST, and the rule that measurement report reports is F (t); Then:
There is the n kind to report rule f1 if establish certain communication system, f2, ... fn, corresponding every kind to report the max calculation error rate of rule be e (1), e (2) ... e (n), setting the error of calculation d of this communication system in a proof cycle so is max (f1 (T) * e (1), f2 (T) * e (2) ..., fn (T) * e (n));
And have: an example is being m*T by the cycle between twice inspection, and the error of generation is d*m; Parameter D is more than 10 times of this error, i.e. D>=10*m*d at least;
Setup parameter D can not exceed the theory of computation number in the proof cycle, obtain parameter D and be max (f1 (T), f2 (T) ..., fn (T), 10*m*d).
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:
Step 1, when mobile communcations system starts, original test case pointer OISP and these two initiation parameters of current check example pointer CISP all are set to 0;
Step 2, start-up period are the timer of T;
Step 3, blanking time T, after receiving the message of described timer expiry, the system initialization parameter: inspected to and the exception example number of finishing dealing be 0;
Step 4, current check example pointer CISP=(CISP+1) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the example of the current indication of step 5 is the communication example of a sky, so directly enter step 11;
If the example of the current indication of step 6 is not the communication example of a sky, then calculate the theoretical number LTRN=LTRN+F (t-ST) of the up-to-date measurement report of this example, wherein t is current system time, and ST is the system time that measurement report reports rule F (t) to come into effect;
If step 7 LTRN<RRN+D judges that so this example is exactly a regular instance;
Step 8, refresh LTRN=RRN, and time started ST is adjusted into current system time t;
If step 9 LTRN<RRN+D is false, then abnormality processing is finished example sum FAIS and is added 1;
Step 10, recovery exception example comprise example itself;
Step 11, calculate total test case add up to (CISP+MAX_INSTANCE_NUM-OISP) %MAX_INSTANCE_NUM;
If the sum of step 12 test case is greater than or equal to MAX_CHECKED_NUM, forward step 15 so to;
If being greater than or equal to the condition of MAX_CHECKED_NUM, the sum of step 13 test case is false, then judge inspected to and the exception example number FAIS that finishes dealing with whether greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, if FAIS greater than MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, forwards step 15 to so;
If step 14 FAIS smaller or equal to MAX_ABNORMAL_NUM, then forwards step 4 to;
Step 15, original test case pointer OISP is set equals current check example pointer CISP, forward step 2 then to.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, if variation has taken place the rule F (t) that measurement report reports in twice inspection intervals, so described time started ST refreshes the system time when changing, and up-to-date theoretical number of times LTRN refreshes and is RRN.
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