CN1569511B - High-temperature superconductive magnetic levitation device - Google Patents
High-temperature superconductive magnetic levitation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is a high temperature superconductive magnetic suspension device belonging to low speed magnetic suspension track communication technology, the character is: it is made up of high temperature super conductive magnet, position sensor, alternate voltage controlled current source and whose frequency is between 0-1000Hz, the super wire of the high temperature superconductive body and superconductive coil is formed by winging superconductive magnet. The device can be applied to city traffic, low energy consumption, low speed and low vibration and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnetic-levitation traffic technique field.
Background technology
The present invention's " a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device " be for provide a kind of safe, build the low speed magnetic suspension track vehicle of simple, high environmental protection and energy savings, it is applicable in the city, the short range personnel are carried out in inside, tourist attractions or article transport.The topmost characteristics of the present invention are to adopt Bi-2223/Ag or other hts tapes to replace conventional wires making magnet to realize this purpose.
Before the present invention, the magnetic-levitation vehicle according to characteristics stressed between magnetic suspension magnet and the rail track, can be divided into normal conductive magnetism aspiration-type and magnetic repulsion type dual mode.Normal conductive magnetism aspiration-type EMS also claims initiatively aspiration-type, and its principle is to utilize the aerosoles below to use the magnet of conventional wires coiling and cooperate an iron core, attracts mutually with a ferrimagnetism guide rail; Balance each other in attractive force and aerosoles gravity; Realize when between magnet iron core and ferrimagnetism guide rail, one fixed interval (FI) being arranged that the aerosoles reversal of the natural order of things suspends.The levitation gap height is about 10mm usually, in order to keep constant hoverheight, must be equipped with a sensor in order to measure the variation of levitation gap, and in addition the exciting current feedback system is controlled the levitation gap height to realize stable suspersion simultaneously.
Normal conductive magnetism aspiration-type magnetic suspension, its representative products are the Transrapid series vehicles of German FRG company leader exploitation.The Transrapid-01 type car of 1971 developments, car weight is 5.8 tons, reaches 90 kilometers/hour moving velocity on the experimental line of a length overall 660m.At the beginning of the eighties, FRG company has built one long 31 kilometers closed experimental line at Emsland.Vehicle also develops into the Transrapid-06 type.Car body has 2 joint compartments, can carry 196 passengers, and F-Zero can reach 400 kilometers/hour.In the trail run process in nearly 10 years, stroke has reached 1,000,000 kilometers altogether.Calendar year 2001, German FRG company utilizes this technology, has built one 30 kilometers long normal conductive magnetism aspiration-type circuit in the PVG and has realized commercial first operation, and F-Zero can reach 500 kilometers/hour.Another has much representational normal conductive magnetism aspiration-type magnetic suspension circuit is the HSST series of being developed by Japan Airlines' patronage.The 1978 HSST-01 series of succeeding in developing; Speed per hour has reached 307.8 kilometers on one 1.3 kilometers experimental line.Wherein the HSST-03 series of riding type on a short-range experiment line, has realized downsizing 1,000,000 person-times.
Above-mentioned magnetic suspension train with conventional wires coiling magnet, a common shortcoming is the too low about 10mm of hoverheight.This deficiency from the power consumption limitations of conventional wires the galvanization ability of lead, cause magnet that enough purposes that improves hoverheight that reaches with the attractive force of ferromagnetic track can't be provided.Deficiencies such as the galvanization ability of lead, magnetic suspending train height are low have been brought a series of problems: because hoverheight is low, cause the raising that requires in the track foundation construction; Because there is resistance heating in conventional wires, cause electromagnet volume, weight big, power consumption is high, and efficient is very low.In addition, this magnetic suspension train is designed to high-speed cruising, and is very high to the requirement of car body, track and control, makes the complex structure of total system, cost very high.
Based on this magnetic suspension principle, consider and reducing the energy consumption that magnetic suspension train making magnet uses conventional wires, the Grumman Cooperation company of the U.S. proposes a kind of cryogenic magnet that utilizes in 1992 and mixes the magnetic suspension mode of using with the conventional wires magnet. and the cryogenic magnet that wherein is operated in liquid helium temperature passes to DC current so that main magnetic suspension force to be provided, to reduce energy consumption.In the middle of magnetic circuit, also are furnished with simultaneously two attitude adjustment that are used as magnetic suspension train by the magnet of conventional wires coiling.In this design, electric current variation in the cryogenic magnet is controlled within the 1Hz all the time, this mainly is because the non-ideal type that is operated under the communication environment has A.C.power loss, the heat that is brought by A.C.power loss can cause the intensification of the local operation point of magnet, because the operation interval temperature of low temperature superconducting material is very low, local intensification meeting causes the local quench of the superconducting wire of preparation cryogenic magnet very soon, and then cause the quench of whole magnet, so even may burn whole magnet. the cryogenic magnet that is operated in the liquid helium warm area can't carry the alternating current greater than 1Hz, and general control signal frequency is between 1-1000Hz, that is to say, cryogenic magnet can't on-line operation under the controollable state.Simultaneously, we also must consider because the magnetic field that additional conventional wires control coil produces, the destructive effect that may bring the superconductivity of low-temperature superconducting coil.In order to keep the electric current change frequency in the low-temperature superconducting coil not to be higher than 1Hz this purpose, also must on control path, be equipped with relevant circuit, also bring the complexity on the circuit thus.Because the cost height that the introducing of cyrogenic equipment brings, the shortcoming of poor stability, also be the cryogenic magnet magnetic suspension mode of mixing use with the conventional wires magnet unavoidable.
The also have a kind of suspension electrodynamic type EDL relative with the mode of magnetic attraction also claims magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension scheme, the suspension electrodynamic levitation is that the highfield that utilizes a big cryogenic magnet to produce produces eddy current in motion process on metal guide rail below the car body or coil, thereby the magnetic field interaction that magnetic field that this eddy current produces and superconducting magnet produce produces a repulsion that makes progress.Its hoverheight of this type of suspended pattern can reach 30cm.
Its representative products of magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension train is a ML-100 series of being supported research and development by Japanese National Railway at the beginning of the seventies, to the end of the seventies, the ML-500 type is created 513 kilometers/hour the fastest world's record of the operation of track train at that time on one 7 kilometers experimental line.1994 to the west of Tokyo 128 kilometers places built up 43 kilometers long experimental lines.The wherein superconducting coil of racetrack low temperature niobium titanium superconducting wire coiling, superconducting coil produces the magnetic field of 2-3T.According to Japanese National Railway plan, this circuit will become the part of the commercial circulation line in Tokyo to Osaka in the future.
The shortcoming of magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension train is that low-temperature superconducting wire is operated in the liquid helium warm area.In operational process, must be equipped with fefrigerator, the increase that the introducing of fefrigerator will inevitably increase the size of magnet and bring operation and maintenance cost.Because magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension mode does not have ferromagnetic media to form magnetic circuit, and magnetic field can not well be retrained, a part is dispersed magnetic flux will enter manned interior, causes the infringement to human body simultaneously.Therefore the also device of magnetic screening in addition on the magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension train is implemented causes infringement to human body to prevent to disperse magnetic flux, and this will strengthen the complexity of magnetic repulsion type magnetic suspension system.
Except above-mentioned two kinds of magnetic suspension modes, in March, 2002, use YBCO high-temperature superconducting block pinning effect to magnetic flux under superconducting state by China Southwest Jiaotong University, " new century edition " high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation laboratory vehicle of succeeding in developing, and open up a list in " 863 " 15 all years achievements and can go up exhibition.This high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation laboratory vehicle can be taken 5 people, and permanent magnetic guideway is long 15.5 meters, and maximum weight suspension reaches 700 kilograms, is the manned high temperature superconductor block magnetic suspension laboratory vehicle of weight suspension maximum in the world up to now.
The shortcoming of high temperature superconductor block magnetic suspension car is that track is formed by the permanent magnet laying fully, and the capital construction expense that is used for track is too high.And permanent magnet railway can adsorb near spuious ferromagnetic material roadbed, and removing these materials has increased the circuit operation and maintenance cost, and unusual difficulty, and residual ferromagnetic material has in orbit increased the danger of magnetically supported vehicle operation.This magnetic suspension that utilizes the flux pinning effect to form can't realize the ACTIVE CONTROL to magnetic suspension experiment car hoverheight, also is the unvanquishable shortcoming of high temperature superconductor block magnetic suspension car.
Consider above factor, we have proposed a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnet that utilizes thus provides magneto motive force also can bear the high-temperature superconducting magnet that exchanges variable-current, by adopting the position feedback system of advanced robust control theory, control flows is crossed the exciting current of high-temperature superconducting magnet and is adjusted magnet and ferromagnetic interorbital attractive force, thus a kind of electromagnetic attaction formula high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device of ACTIVE CONTROL suspended state.This device can be used as the transport facility of a kind of city and the low energy consumption used of visit amusement, low vibration, low noise, environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
1. goal of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to realize the transport facility of the low energy consumption that a kind of city and visit amusement use, low vibration, low noise, environmental protection.
2, inventive features:
The present invention relates to a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device, this device contains high-temperature superconducting magnet, car body, guide rail, position transduser and voltage controlled current source.The invention is characterized in that the high-temperature superconducting magnet that is turned to by high temperature super conductive conductor is controlled, the frequency of the alternating component of its control current is in the 0-1000Hz scope.Voltage controlled current source is the mode that adopts the alternating current-direct current stack, and the phase difference between its output AC electric current and the input ac voltage is not more than 10 °, and described voltage controlled current source contains:
A. the op amp and the power amplifier of serial connection successively, the mouth of the input termination direct current circuit of op amp wherein, the output termination load of power amplifier;
B. proportion differential arithmetical circuit, its input end links to each other with load one end, and its mouth links to each other with another leading-in end of op amp.
High-temperature superconducting magnet lays respectively at the two ends of car body downside, and they are connected with reinforcing member with car body, and described high-temperature superconducting magnet respectively contains:
A. iron core;
B. the cooled cryostat of dress liquid nitrogen has the column type hole on the cooled cryostat, is filled with iron core in the cylindric hole, with the thickness of the nearly part cooled cryostat of two arm rests of iron core than its all around and the thickness of bottom smaller;
C. the high temperature superconductor coil operating temperature is below 80K, and it is made up of a plurality of coaxial Bi system high-temperature superconducting pies.
Iron core can adopt stacked U sections core.Pie is a kind of coil of the solenoid type that is turned to by single superconducting line.Can connect with soldering between each coil.The used superconducting wire of high temperature superconductor coil is any in the second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct of YBCO series of Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tape or overlay film.Guide rail among the present invention is reinforced through the guide rail reinforcing member, and it is positioned at the length direction of car body abreast, with two interpolars of iron core in the above-mentioned high-temperature superconducting magnet one fixing air gap is arranged, and the bottom supporting at two guide rail two ends guide rail frame.Position transduser can be measured the variation of levitation gap in real time, and simultaneously in addition the exciting current feedback system is controlled the levitation gap height to realize stable suspersion.Position transduser is a kind of edd current transducer, and it is separately fixed at the upper surface of above-mentioned guide rail and high-temperature superconducting magnet through sensor bracket.Car body can be equipped with wheel and play a supportive role, and permanent magnet also can be installed play a supportive role, and also can use wheel and permanent magnet to play a supportive role simultaneously, and also can be without wheel support.
2. experimental results show that the present invention has the following advantages:
1. high-temperature superconducting magnet of the present invention can be operated under the alternating signal, and cross the exciting current of high-temperature superconducting magnet by control flows and adjust magnet and ferromagnetic interorbital attractive force, thus the suspended state of ACTIVE CONTROL magnetic levitation device.Cross the change frequency of exciting current of superconducting magnet less than 1Hz with the control flows of people's cognition; The suspended state control that must add conventional wires magnet realization magnetic levitation device is in addition compared, and has greatly simplified vehicle-mounted magnetic suspension control system undoubtedly, has reduced the power and the cost of control convenience, and the deadweight of magnetic suspension car body is further reduced.
2. the frequency bandwidth that high-temperature superconducting magnet of the present invention is worked under alternating signal is 0～1000Hz, the position adjustment when so wide frequency band can be realized magnetic levitation device generation micro-displacement fast.
3. the high-temperature superconducting magnet coil that the present invention implemented is characterised in that electric current change frequency when the control hoverheight is during less than 1000Hz, superconducting magnet electric current and superconducting magnet magnetic field only lag behind less than the magnetic field of 10 degree, thereby can well realize the quick response that high temperature superconductor coil magnetic field changes exciting current.The block scheme of control principle as shown in Figure 6.
4. provide the power supply of high-temperature superconducting magnet exciting current to have good alternating current characteristic, it possesses following characteristics: 1. in 0～1000Hz scope, the ac output current amplitude satisfies the requirement of high-temperature superconducting magnet inductive load exciting current, 2. in 0～1000Hz scope, phase difference between output AC electric current and the input ac voltage is not more than 10 °, 3. in 0～1000Hz scope, the gain fluctuation between output AC electric current and the input ac voltage is no more than 5%.The key wiring diagram of power supply as shown in Figure 7.
5. the superconducting coil of high-temperature superconducting magnet is formed by the high temperature super conductive conductor coiling that is operated in liquid nitrogen temperature, and coil adopts that single line is two also, scolding tin joint, turn-to-turn insulation, the fixing method preparation of dipping lacquer.As shown in Figure 8.Also can adopt the screw actuator winding method preparation that need not weld.Compare with the electromagnet of conventional copper conductor coiling, can greatly reduce waste of power, the expendable weight of excitation coil and reduce volume.
6. car body adopts framed structure, and use light metal material or non-metal high strength material are made, and lowers the car body deadweight when guaranteeing structural strength, makes the car body on the go more steady by adopting the suspension damping.
7. in order to increase the high-temperature superconducting magnet magnetic-field intensity, introduce U type magnetic core magnetic circuit is provided, two high temperature superconductor coils are placed on two perpendicular arms of U sections core, also can be placed on the transverse arm.U sections core and car body are fixed, and a gap is arranged between the two poles of the earth of U sections core and the guide rail, and the size in this gap is the hoverheight of required ACTIVE CONTROL just.U type magnetic core is offered magnetic circuit, disperse the harmful effect of magnetic flux other body parts and magnetic levitation device carrying object with having reduced.The position signal of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device can be obtained by distance, position or pressure sensor, and the hardware alternative of broad is arranged.
8. the material of coiling high temperature superconductor coil is for realizing the Bi system high-temperature superconducting wire of suitability for industrialized production.Along with development of science and technology, second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct-Y system high-temperature superconducting wire also will can be applicable to the present invention.This will help reducing the laid down cost of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device.
9. the superconducting coil of high-temperature superconducting magnet adopts cooled with liquid nitrogen.This is simple, economical with superconducting magnet refrigeration and adiabatic apparatus that the low-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device that is operated in the liquid helium warm area is compared, invented, and working stability is reliable.The working environment of high-temperature superconducting magnet need be equipped with a cooled cryostat.As shown in Figure 9.The cooled cryostat of magnetic levitation device of the present invention selects for use High molecular material to make, and cylindric hole is arranged on the cooled cryostat, and U sections core passes cylindric hole, do not contact with cooling media.Choosing reduction material cost and difficulty of processing of material, this room temperature core construction also can be saved the required refrigeration work consumption of superconducting magnet.
10. Fa Ming super-conductive magnetic suspension car body can also can be equipped with wheel without wheel support, permanent magnet also can be installed play a supportive role, and also can use wheel and permanent magnet to play a supportive role simultaneously.Be equipped with under the situation of wheel, when the effect of wheel can for example be stopped under the out-of-action situation of superconducting magnet or when having an accident play a supportive role.This capable of reducing energy consumption and raising safety.
11. be equipped with under the situation of wheel, the effect of wheel also can be that on the go bears partial pressure.This can make super-conductive magnetic suspension device of the present invention more simple, safe and reliable.Compare with the wheel track vehicle of routine, of the present invention have wheel super-conductive magnetic suspension device that the advantage that energy consumption is low, noise is little, vibration is low is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device integral structure scheme drawing.
Fig. 2. high-temperature superconducting magnet comprises Inside coil and the Dewar section-drawing of low temperature environment is provided.
Fig. 3. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment photo.
Fig. 4. the constructional drawing of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 5. the constructional drawing of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 6. the voltage-controlled current source functional-block diagram.
Fig. 7. voltage-controlled current source main element graph of a relation.
Fig. 8. the superconducting magnet structure scheme drawing.
Fig. 9. the cooled cryostat structural representation.
See Fig. 1, the 1st, high-temperature superconducting magnet, the 2nd, car body, the 3rd, guide rail, the 4th, power supply, the 5th, a. g. sensor, the 6th, guide rail frame, the 7th, sensor bracket, the 8th, stiffener steel angle, the 9th, magnet and car body attaching parts.
See Fig. 2, the 10th, U sections core, the 11st, cooled cryostat, the 12nd, high temperature superconductor coil.
See Fig. 5, the 13rd, wheel, the 14th, permanent magnet.
The specific embodiment
A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 1 that the present invention implemented, be an original reason experiment car body, a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device is characterized in that high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly 1 is connected with car body attaching parts 9 by magnet with car body 2.Two steel guide rails 3 of both sides are placed on the framework of being built by angle steel.In order to make the distortion of steel guide rail be unlikely to excessive, we are connected with framework with stiffener steel angle 8.A. g. sensor 5 forms an integral body by sensor bracket 7 and high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly.A. g. sensor 5 is an edd current transducer, and edd current transducer is surveyed the relative position on high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly 1 and steel guide rail 3 surfaces, reflects the distance of core magnetic pole and rail lower surface thus in real time.Power supply 4 and other control assembly are placed in the car body top.Article one, current feed connects vehicle power and alternating current 220V civil power.
By U sections core 10, high temperature superconductor coil 12, the cooled cryostat 11 common magnetic circuits of forming as shown in Figure 2.As a complete magnetic circuit, above U sections core magnetic pole, also comprise a ferrimagnetism guide rail 3.High temperature superconductor coil 12 is encircled on two arms of U sections core 10, and near the Dewar bottom.U sections core 10 is made through lap wound, dipping lacquer, reinforcing by the thick silicon steel sheet of 0.23mm, and using stacked core design mainly is to consider to suppress the eddy current that the magnetic flux of variation brings to iron core.Constitute a. g. between two magnetic poles of U sections core 10 and the ferrimagnetism guide rail 3.Keep apart by cooled cryostat 11 between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10.U sections core 10 is in the working and room temperature environment all the time.A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device high temperature superconductor coil 12 mode of operation equalizing currents are 3.2A, and this levitation device can produce the magnetic flux density of 0.21T on a. g. surface of 5mm, can produce the vertical suspension power of 72N to the ferrimagnetism guide rail.
High temperature superconductor coil 12 is formed by the Bi-2223/Ag belt material of high temperature superconduct coiling of 61 cores, the insulation when Bi-2223/Ag belt material of high temperature superconduct surface scribbles insulated paint and is used to realize high temperature superconductor coil 12 coilings between circle and the circle, and the thickness of insulated paint is below 10 μ m.High temperature superconductor coil 12 is formed by stacking by the line cake that the two cake coilings of three single lines form.Not have the centralized positioning axle fixed, the omission of stationary positioned axle between the two cakes of three single lines physically is in order to shorten the distance between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10, thereby reduces leakage field.Each line cake needs 25 meters Bi-2223/Ag hts tape, and whole winding is used 75 meters Bi-2223/Ag hts tape.Being connected by common Sn-Pb scolder joint welding between the two cakes of three single lines, cake and cake forms.Contact resistance between them can obtain exact measurement by the field decay method.Experiment records the weld nugget of a lap of splice 2.6mm, and its contact resistance can be controlled at 50 and receive below the Europe.After finishing, coil winding needs to have formed an integral body through whole paint-dipping process.
The high temperature superconductor coil 12 that the present invention implemented adopts dynamic performance testing method, but this method actv. is checked out the inner turn-to-turn short circuit that occurs of high temperature superconductor coil, and in the whole magnetic circuit because the magnetic field that magnetic hysteresis and eddy current cause lags behind.Through measuring, phase difference is less than 5 ° between this coil stimulating electric current and the electric current formed hub of a spool point of the coil stimulating magnetic field.
The main departure point of the design-calculated of cooled cryostat 11 is to reduce eddy current loss, and for this reason, all parts of cooled cryostat 11 are all used non-metallic material.Foam in a mould by foamed plastic, we can one-shot forming obtain cooled cryostat, cooled cryostat 11 as shown in Figure 2, its feature is a price economy, and is in light weight, no eddy current and manufacture craft are simple.More smaller with the thickness of the nearly part cooled cryostat 11 of U-sections core two arm rests than the thickness of around it and bottom, this design is consistent with the design of no anchor shaft, all be in order to shorten the distance between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10 as much as possible, thereby reduce leakage field, increase work efficiency.This cooled cryostat 11 can splendid attire liquid nitrogen 1.1L, when being operated in high temperature superconductor coil 12 equalizing current 3.2A, can keeping high temperature superconductor coil 12 and be operated in superconducting state at least 1.5 hours.
A kind of driving of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device, stop and speed control, can utilize drive coil and the pickup coil mutual action on the track on the magnetic levitation device to realize; Also can adopt the method that linear electric motors directly are set in orbit to realize.The actuating device of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 1 is characterized in that: actuating device is 12 pairs of drive coils, every adjacent two pairs of drive coil drive current phase differences are 120 degree, utilization was in that the present invention implemented, the antagonistic force that the induced current that produces on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device car body closed metal plate produces is implemented the driving and the control of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device.
A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 2 that the present invention implemented, be an original reason experiment car body, a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device is characterized in that high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly 1 is connected with car body attaching parts 9 by magnet with car body 2.Two steel guide rails 3 of both sides are placed on the framework of being built by angle steel.In order to make the distortion of steel guide rail be unlikely to excessive, we are connected with framework with stiffener steel angle 8.A. g. sensor 5 forms an integral body by sensor bracket 7 and high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly.A. g. sensor 5 is an edd current transducer, and edd current transducer is surveyed the relative position on high-temperature superconducting magnet assembly 1 and steel guide rail 3 surfaces, reflects the distance of core magnetic pole and rail lower surface thus in real time.Power supply 4 and other control assembly are placed in the car body top.Article one, current feed connects vehicle power and alternating current 220V civil power.
By U sections core 10, high temperature superconductor coil 12, the cooled cryostat 11 common magnetic circuits of forming as shown in Figure 2.As a complete magnetic circuit, above U sections core magnetic pole, also comprise a ferrimagnetism guide rail 3.High temperature superconductor coil 12 is encircled on two arms of U sections core 10, and near the Dewar bottom.U sections core 10 is made through lap wound, dipping lacquer, reinforcing by the thick silicon steel sheet of 0.23mm, and using stacked core design mainly is to consider to suppress the eddy current that the magnetic flux of variation brings to iron core.Constitute a. g. between two magnetic poles of U sections core 10 and the ferrimagnetism guide rail.Keep apart by cooled cryostat 11 between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10.U sections core 10 is in the working and room temperature environment all the time.A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device high temperature superconductor coil 12 mode of operation equalizing currents are 3.2A, and this levitation device can produce the magnetic flux density of 0.21T on a. g. surface of 5mm, can produce the vertical suspension power of 72N to the ferrimagnetism guide rail.
High temperature superconductor coil 12 is formed by the Bi-2223/Ag belt material of high temperature superconduct coiling of 61 cores, the insulation when Bi-2223/Ag belt material of high temperature superconduct surface scribbles insulated paint and is used to realize high temperature superconductor coil 12 coilings between circle and the circle, and the thickness of insulated paint is below 10 μ m.High temperature superconductor coil 12 is formed by stacking by the line cake that the two cake coilings of three single lines form.Not have the centralized positioning axle fixed, the omission of stationary positioned axle between the two cakes of three single lines physically is in order to shorten the distance between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10, thereby reduces leakage field.Each line cake needs 25 meters Bi-2223/Ag hts tape, and whole winding is used 75 meters Bi-2223/Ag hts tape.Being connected by common Sn-Pb scolder joint welding between the two cakes of three single lines, cake and cake forms.Contact resistance between them can obtain exact measurement by the field decay method.Experiment records the weld nugget of a lap of splice 2.6mm, and its contact resistance can be controlled at 50 and receive below the Europe.After finishing, coil winding needs to have formed an integral body through whole paint-dipping process.
The high temperature superconductor coil 12 that the present invention implemented adopts dynamic performance testing method, but this method actv. is checked out the inner turn-to-turn short circuit that occurs of high temperature superconductor coil, and in the whole magnetic circuit because the magnetic field that magnetic hysteresis and eddy current cause lags behind.Through measuring, phase difference is less than 5 ° between this coil stimulating electric current and the electric current formed hub of a spool point of the coil stimulating magnetic field.
The main departure point of the design-calculated of cooled cryostat 11 is to reduce eddy current loss, and for this reason, all parts of cooled cryostat 11 are all used non-metallic material.Foam in a mould by foamed plastic, we can one-shot forming obtain cooled cryostat, cooled cryostat 11 as shown in Figure 2, its feature is a price economy, and is in light weight, no eddy current and manufacture craft are simple.More smaller with the thickness of the nearly part cooled cryostat 11 of U-sections core two arm rests than the thickness of around it and bottom, this design is consistent with the design of no anchor shaft, all be in order to shorten the distance between high temperature superconductor coil 12 and the U sections core 10 as much as possible, thereby reduce leakage field, increase work efficiency.This cooled cryostat 11 can splendid attire liquid nitrogen 1.1L, when being operated in high temperature superconductor coil 12 equalizing current 3.2A, can keeping high temperature superconductor coil 12 and be operated in superconducting state at least 1.5 hours.
A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 2 main characteristics are: the bearing force by wheel and the attractive force of electromagnet are born the weight of car body jointly.Wherein the weight of car body 2 is born with the electromagnetic attraction that contacts bearing force and superconducting magnet 1 and guide rail 3 of guide rail 3 jointly by wheel 13.Under the situation of stationary vehicle or superconducting magnet et out of order, wheel 13 will be born all wt of car body.The safety that a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 2 has improved high temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system has reduced the requirement of air gap separation automatic guidance reliability between high-temperature superconducting magnet and the steel guide rail.Wheel 13 can be ironly also can be made by rubber.
A kind of driving of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device, stop and speed control, can utilize drive coil and the pickup coil mutual action on the track on the magnetic levitation device to realize; Also can adopt the method that linear electric motors directly are set in orbit to realize.The actuating device of a kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device embodiment 2 is characterized in that: actuating device is 12 pairs of drive coils, every adjacent two pairs of drive coil drive current phase differences are 120 degree, utilization was in that the present invention implemented, the antagonistic force that the induced current that produces on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device car body closed metal plate produces is implemented the driving and the control of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device.
A kind of high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device example 3 as shown in Figure 5.On the basis of embodiment 2, we have added permanent magnet 14, can provide the means of vertical direction lift force as the third.Permanent magnet can be used as the part of U sections core, is incorporated in the middle of the magnetic circuit, also can be used as independent magnetic circuit and uses.
That car body moves under the low speed with respect to one of high-speed maglev train, super-conductive magnetic suspension device characteristic of the present invention; Be applicable to the transport facility of the low energy consumption of short distance urban transportation, visit amusement, low vibration, low noise, high environmental protection, will bring thus this super-conductive magnetic suspension device to the decrease of technology and capital construction expense.
Claims (10)
1. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device, this device contains high-temperature superconducting magnet, car body, guide rail, position transduser and voltage controlled current source, it is characterized in that, the high-temperature superconducting magnet that is turned to by high temperature super conductive conductor is controlled, when the electric current change frequency of control hoverheight during less than 1000Hz, superconducting magnet electric current and cryogenic magnetic field only lag behind less than 10 ° magnetic field.
2. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, voltage controlled current source is the mode that adopts the alternating current-direct current stack, and the phase difference between its output AC electric current and the input ac voltage is not more than 10 °, and described voltage controlled current source contains:
A. the op amp and the power amplifier of serial connection successively, the mouth of the input termination direct current circuit of op amp wherein, the output termination load of power amplifier;
B. proportion differential arithmetical circuit, its input end links to each other with load one end, and its mouth links to each other with another leading-in end of op amp.
3. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that high-temperature superconducting magnet lays respectively at the two ends of car body downside, and they are connected with reinforcing member with car body, and described high-temperature superconducting magnet respectively contains:
A. iron core;
B. the cooled cryostat of dress liquid nitrogen has the column type hole on the cooled cryostat, is filled with iron core in the cylindric hole, with the thickness of the nearly part cooled cryostat of two arm rests of iron core than its all around and the thickness of bottom smaller;
C. the high temperature superconductor coil operating temperature is below 80K, and it is made up of a plurality of coaxial Bi system high-temperature superconducting pies.
4. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, adopts stacked U sections core.
5. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described pie is a kind of coil of the solenoid type that is turned to by single superconducting line.
6. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, connects with soldering between each coil.
7. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the used superconducting wire of described high temperature superconductor coil is any in the second generation belt material of high temperature superconduct of YBCO series of Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tape or overlay film.
8. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, guide rail, it is reinforced through the guide rail reinforcing member, it is positioned at the length direction of car body abreast, with two interpolars of iron core in the above-mentioned high-temperature superconducting magnet one fixing air gap is arranged, the bottom supporting at described two guide rail two ends guide rail frame.
9. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, position transduser can be measured the variation of levitation gap in real time, simultaneously in addition the exciting current feedback system is controlled the levitation gap height to realize stable suspersion, position transduser is a kind of edd current transducer, and it is separately fixed at the upper surface of above-mentioned guide rail and high-temperature superconducting magnet through sensor bracket.
10. high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that car body is equipped with wheel and plays a supportive role, or permanent magnet is installed is played a supportive role, or uses wheel and permanent magnet to play a supportive role simultaneously.
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| CN 200410009084 CN1569511B (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2004-05-12 | High-temperature superconductive magnetic levitation device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4499673B2 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2010-07-07 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | Magnetic levitation device |
| CN101192463B (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2011-06-22 | 上海磁浮交通工程技术研究中心 | High temperature superconducting magnet applied in electromagnetic suspension type high speed magnetic levitation train |
| TWI421204B (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-01-01 | Sfa Engineering Corp | Transferring system for magnetic levitation |
| CN102303543B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-03-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Method for controlling maglev vehicle to pass through steps of track adaptively |
| CN102343832B (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-11-20 | 电子科技大学 | Magnetic field reinforced high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system |
| CN102723025A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-10-10 | 北京英纳超导技术有限公司 | Teaching instrument for demonstrating superconducting characteristic |
| CN105680671A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-15 | 西南交通大学 | Transverse-flux high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation linear motor |
| CN110396876B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-09-01 | 天津大学 | Electromagnetic track for high-temperature superconducting maglev train |
| CN111071268A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Secondary block type magnetic flux switching linear motor driven train system |
| CN111806247A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-10-23 | 同济大学 | Hybrid electromagnetic suspension system of high-speed maglev train |
| CN112233875A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | Superconducting electromagnet for medium-low speed magnetic levitation and medium-low speed magnetic levitation vehicle |
| CN113415171B (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2022-10-21 | 西南交通大学 | Suspension driving integrated magnetic suspension system and suspension driving method |
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| US5602430A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-02-11 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Superconducting electromagnet arrangement for a magnetic levitation system |
| US5668090A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1997-09-16 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | High-temperature AC superconducting magnets for a magnetic levitation system |
| CN1292600A (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-04-25 | 西南交通大学 | Superconducting magnetic suspension system |
| CN1408593A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-04-09 | 西南交通大学 | Superconductive magnetic suspension train system |
| CN2597738Y (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-01-07 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Hybrid magnetic suspension bearing |
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| US5602430A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-02-11 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Superconducting electromagnet arrangement for a magnetic levitation system |
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