CN1569362A - Vacuum pressure casting machine for magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Vacuum pressure casting machine for magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1569362A CN1569362A CN 200410038882 CN200410038882A CN1569362A CN 1569362 A CN1569362 A CN 1569362A CN 200410038882 CN200410038882 CN 200410038882 CN 200410038882 A CN200410038882 A CN 200410038882A CN 1569362 A CN1569362 A CN 1569362A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metal casting device. The magnesium alloy cast is complex, and the performance is bad. The invention is a magnesium alloy casting device which fills shape in vacuum state and solidifies them in various pressure state. It can realize the optimized casting process condition, it can be applied to produce each kind of large, complex, thin magnesium alloy casting piece with precise size and high thickness.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to metal casting machine, especially belong to and produce the Casting Equipment that various large-scale, complicated, thin-walleds, dimensional accuracy and density have the high-quality Mg alloy castings of strict demand.
Background technology
The construction weight that alleviates various machineries, the vehicles is one of main path of energy-saving and environmental protection.Magnesium is the lightest structural metallic material, and magnesium alloy is lighter by 37% than aluminium alloy, and its specific strength, specific stiffness are only second to titanium alloy and structural alloy steel, but is higher than aluminium alloy, and other is as shock resistance, and processing characteristics, recyclable performance are also all good than aluminium alloy.Magnesium resource is abundant, produces easily, smelts the energy consuming ratio aluminium alloy and economizes 9%, and founding energy consuming ratio aluminium alloy economizes 8.5%, and the die casting life-span is longer 2～3 times than aluminium alloy, and cutting ability also is better than aluminium alloy.Magnesium alloy is easy to reclaim, and recovery cost is 10% of a smelting and preparing expense.In addition, magnesium alloy has advantages of favorable electromagnetic shielding effect, can significantly reduce electromagnetic radiation pollution.In fields such as automobile, traffic, electronics, information, acoustic image equipment, computer, hand-held tool, electric machine industry, forestry, weaving, military project, nuclear power units, Application of Magnesium is enlarging rapidly, especially in the application of portable electronic products such as auto parts, notebook computer, development trend is especially remarkable.Magnesium has become the third-largest structural metallic materials that is only second to iron and steel, aluminium alloy.The manufacturing of magnesium alloy parts is at present still based on casting method, and the foundry engieering of magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy have very big difference.
Easy oxidation of magnesium alloy and burning, the eddy motion of alloy liquid causes oxide inclusion easily when filling type, the casting flaws such as misrun that oxide-film confluxes and causes; The crystallization temperature of cast magnesium alloy is generally all bigger at interval, and the eutectic scale of construction in its tissue is also less, and body contraction and linear shrinkage are all bigger, be easy to generate and organize thick, shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect, very responsive to casting thickness, make the wall thickness effect problem outstanding, the hot cracking tendency of foundry goods is also bigger; The density of magnesium is little, thermal capacity is low (volume specific heat and latent heat of solidification are respectively aluminium 75% and 36%), thus pressure head little, easily solidify, fill the type difficulty, be easy to generate the misrun defective; Cause the magnesium alloy cast difficulty with above-mentioned characteristic, it is more difficult especially to produce high-quality foundry goods, if Mg alloy castings is a thin-walled, large-scale, interior tissue and internal soundness, external dimensions is required sternly, and the difficulty of production is very big.Be used in the low pressure casting of low-melting-point metal or alloy and counter-pressure casting all need feed compression in the sealing crucible of alloy liquid is housed gas now, the pressure of gas acts on the alloy liquid level of the cast temperature that keeps certain, under lower mold filling pressure, alloy liquid along the stalk that communicates with casting mold through runner, casting mold cast gate, reposefully be full of die cavity after, increase pressure, make the alloy liquid solidification and crystallization under higher pressure in the die cavity; Gas release in the crucible then, the liquid metal of ot-yet-hardened falls back in the crucible under the effect of gravity in the stalk.
Conventional low pressure casting, the method that the crucible sealing is exerted pressure has following shortcoming: the interpolation of molten metal, the sealing of crucible and unlatching and cleaning operation quite bother, consuming time; " tripe rises " phenomenon can take place through exerting pressure repeatedly in crucible, and this phenomenon reduces the service life of crucible greatly; For the combustible metal resemble the magnesium alloy, " tripe rises " may cause serious leakage magnesium security incident, and liquid magnesium alloy leaks to the stove inner chamber in the crucible, can cause heavy explosion usually.For preventing the generation of this type of major accident, exerting pressure simultaneously in the crucible outside of being everlasting, so that the crucible external and internal pressure is equal, prevents that crucible from breaking, the complexity more that die casting machine is become, and the control of pressure and adjusting also become very difficult; Because the capacity of crucible is generally bigger, consumption gas is more during pressurization, makes that air feed equipment increases, the air feed cost increases; If foundry goods requires higher freezing pressure, the crucible of the big volume of high temperature is difficult to realize, otherwise safety problem becomes very serious.Because magnesium alloy is easy to generate and is mingled with, therefore in same crucible, do not carry out refining, insulation usually simultaneously, crucible cover dismounting continually makes operation very complicated.
The Casting Equipment of production high-quality Mg alloy castings wishes that the condition that possesses is: (1) liquid magnesium alloy casting mold when the filling die cavity is in low vacuum, helps to overcome the defective that misrun and oxidation cause; (2) the low pressure difference condition makes liquid magnesium alloy be full of casting mold, helps to realize the smooth flow of liquid magnesium alloy, can reduce the oxidation of liquid magnesium alloy and the generation that is mingled with greatly; (3) liquid magnesium alloy keeps correct temperature field after being full of die cavity, thereby realizes by the low temperature part preventing effectively that casting flaws such as loose and shrinkage cavity from producing, and improving the compactness of foundry goods to high-temperature part consecutive solidification successively; (4) finish under higher pressure that liquid magnesium alloy solidifies in the casting mold cavity, help to improve the density of foundry goods; (5) fully guarantee the safety of production process.If in the magnesium alloy cast process, realize above-mentioned working condition, just obtain premium casting easily.
Continuous development along with science and technology, quality requirement to foundry goods is more and more higher, some casting methods that grow up in the sixties in 20th century for this reason, for example " the semi-solid casting machine " of " air injection machine ", the U.S. and the Japan of " the counter-pressure casting machine " of " the vacuum pressure adjusting casting machine " of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Bulgaria, Shenyang 111 factories " vert and be inverted casting machine ", sky and water spark machine tool plant etc.Wherein at present vacuum pressure adjusting casting machine and counter-pressure casting machine can satisfy the specification requirement of producing various large-scale, complicated, thin-walled, dimensional accuracy and density requirement height, being mingled with few high-quality Mg alloy castings.But also there are some problems in above-mentioned technology, and for example counter-pressure casting is because the pressurized tank capacity is big up and down, pressure is high, and the problem that exists in Liquid Level Pressure control never solves, for example: the foundation of pressurized tank pressure and control difficulty.The downforce jar is along with the carrying out of production process, and the amount of molten metal is fewer and feweri, and in order to keep certain pressure increment, the gas that charges into will get more and more.The upward pressure jar is at cavity filling process, and counter-pressure is increasing.Because compensation difficulty, the variation of pressure are difficult to realize linear change; Because there are the characteristics of inertia, hysteresis and casting itself in pressure elements and control element, various parameters ceaselessly change, sometimes unpredictable at all and control (for example gas leakage etc.) although used the computer participation afterwards, still needs the various organs of operator to participate in the actual production.
, magnesium liquid easy oxidation relatively poor, burning and blast in view of the casting character of magnesium alloy, counter-pressure casting machine, pressure adjusting casting machine run into safety problem, operational issue and mo(u)lded piece when being used for magnesium alloy cast problems such as quality await further perfect, for magnesium alloy, produce complexity, thin-walled, production problem withstand voltage, foundry goods that dimension precision requirement is high is more outstanding, especially produces magnesium alloy box parts large complicated, thin-walled.Problems such as for example production process is dangerous, productivity ratio is low, alloy liquid interpolation difficulty, freezing pressure condition, stalk obstruction are outstanding especially for magnesium alloy, also do not have satisfied solution at present.This shows that present existing foundry engieering still can not be applicable to the Foundry Production of some magnesium alloy parts well.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of security is good, easy to use, casting quality is high, be specially adapted to the vacuum pressure casting machine of magnesium alloy cast.
Magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine main equipment divides five parts: vacuum pressure closed chamber (2), holding furnace (7), pulsometer (5), control appliance (10) and auxiliary device.It is that pulsometer (5) by being immersed in the normal pressure magnesium liquid crucible cooperates vacuum to realize that the filling of alloy liquid and the high pressure of foundry goods solidify; vacuum pressure closed chamber (2) separates with holding furnace (7) and liquid magnesium alloy (6), and holding furnace (7) and crucible (14) are in normal pressure and magnesium liquid is under the gas shield state all the time in production process.
Casting mold (1) is positioned in the openable vacuum pressure closed chamber (2), and the casting mold bottom links to each other with the pulsometer (5) that stalk (3) passes dividing plate (4) and bottom.Pulsometer (5) is dipped in below the liquid level of molten metal (6), and pulsometer (5) has normal opening one-way valve (8), and when being dipped in molten metal, molten metal enters pulsometer (5) automatically, and pulsometer (5) top has gas pipeline (9) to link to each other with control appliance (10).The temperature of liquid magnesium alloy is kept by holding furnace (7).Control appliance (10) can preestablish various casting parameters (vacuum, pressure, temperature, isoparametric program of time), and other has the control safety early warning device.Source of the gas comprises Compressed Gas (11) and anti-oxidation, anti-burning gas (12), vavuum pump provides necessary low vacuum, locking and opener (20) are that sealing ring (21) sealing can be opened and pass through to assurance vacuum pressure closed chamber (2) shell, and the vacuum of vacuum pressure closed chamber (2) and pressure variable condition can monitor from pressure vacuum gauge (22).Electric power in the equipment, electrical equipment and electronic installation are same as the prior art.
The check valve (8) of pulsometer (5) is designed to normally open, and when gas did not enter, the static pressure of molten metal made float float from valve seat, and under spacing effect not away from valve seat, molten metal just enters pump housing inner chamber.When beginning to fill type, gas enters pump chamber with pressure and the flow of adjusting from gas pipeline, the check valve float causes valve closes with the valve seat contact under the effect of fluid, this moment, the molten metal of pressurized entered stalk along liquid outlet, finished liquid metal filling, supercharging and pressurize according to the variation of air pressure subsequently.After pressurize finished, pulsometer (5) housing intracavity gas was released, under the effect of molten metal static pressure, and valve float come-up, valve open, not solidified molten metal falls back to pump chamber in the stalk.Treat after certain time interval, to carry out next one circulation.The pulsometer Capacity design determines with mo(u)lded piece; Pulsometer can join together with the stalk welding, and stalk also can be made into segmented, so that different situations adopt respectively.
When producing with the magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine with the mode frame at gantry on the liquid magnesium alloy holding furnace; pour into a mould casting by pump; liquid magnesium alloy in production process crucible (14) is under normal pressure and the gas guard mode, with the safety of guarantee producing be convenient to observe and the replenishing of alloy liquid.
When filling type the vacuum pressure closed chamber being vacuumized makes casting mold be in predetermined low vacuum state, when vacuumizing, under action of pressure, molten metal is slowly entered and process stalk filling casting mold by the normal opening one-way valve of pulsometer, rising with vacuum, be full of die cavity at last fully, can control the process of molten metal filling die cavity by the feedback signal of the sensor in bleeding regulating speed and the die cavity.Treat that die cavity is when being full of or being full of fully, be dipped in pulsometer startup in the normal pressure liquid magnesium alloy, to in the stalk and casting mold cavity in the liquid supercharging, start Compressed Gas simultaneously and make the vacuum pressure closed chamber become malleation gradually by negative pressure, the molten metal in the die cavity is solidified under dual high pressure.Should keep the pressure of liquid pulsometer will be higher than gas pressure in the casting mold outside seal chamber all the time.Behind casting solidification, the pulsometer release, the not solidifying liq in the stalk falls to being lower than slightly throat's certain height and prepares for the next one circulates.
Use this device fabrication magnesium alloy cast part, can reach following effect:
The first, vacuum decompression fills type, improves the flowability of molten metal, casting large-scale, complexity, thin-walled parts easily; Flow steadily, magnesium liquid oxidation degree is light; Under high pressure solidify, feeding is effective; The thermograde that molten metal is set up when being full of die cavity is that top is low, raise successively downwards, the positive thermograde that needs of consecutive solidification just, being contracted in when solidifying obtains fully additional under the pressure, thereby can in foundry goods, not form the cavity, feeding owing to molten metal is to carry out under higher pressure simultaneously, the THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS densification.
The second, production process magnesium liquid crucible is in normal pressure all the time, conventional low casting and variety of issue, the especially safety problem of counter-pressure casting generation and the trouble of alloy liquid metaideophone therefore can not occur.
The 3rd, easily the overall separation of crucible furnace, make operation greatly simplify and improve functional reliability and productivity ratio with the magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine.
The 4th, the production process technology parameter stability has overcome counter-pressure casting well because upper and lower pressurized tank capacity is big, pressure is high, have the foundation of pressure on liquid level and control difficulty.
The design's magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine, operating pressure is 0.08-0.7MPa, maximum working pressure increases substantially, and can realize solidifying under the high pressure of Mg alloy castings when permanent mold casting, thereby can obtain fine and close high-quality Mg alloy castings.
Molten metal to casting mold filling, supercharging, pressurize, because pulsometer can under high pressure be worked, continues pressurization along stalk after metal mold cavity is full of, the liquid magnesium alloy in the metal mold cavity is under high pressure solidified with raising feeding effect, thereby improves the quality of foundry goods.Reduce the thermal resistance of foundry goods with the die cavity interface because high pressure energy reaches, improve setting rate, make the grain refinement of foundry goods, cast properties increases substantially.
Description of drawings:
(1) casting mold, (2) vacuum pressure closed chamber, (3) stalk, (4) dividing plate, (5) pulsometer, (6) molten metal, (7) holding furnace, (8) check valve, (9) gas pipeline, (10) control appliance and auxiliary device, (11) Compressed Gas, (12) anti-burning gas, (13) are to vavuum pump, (14) crucible, (20) locking and opener, (21) sealing ring, (22) pressure vacuum gauge.It is that pulsometer (5) by being immersed in the normal pressure magnesium liquid crucible cooperates vacuum to realize that the filling of alloy liquid and the high pressure of foundry goods solidify, vacuum pressure closed chamber (2) separates with holding furnace (7) and liquid magnesium alloy (6), and holding furnace (7) and crucible are in normal pressure all the time in production process.
The specific embodiment:
Magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine shell adopts the low carbon steel plate welding, the technical specification of pressing force container to its design, make, installation and bug check, and guarantee low vacuum seal.
The Compressed Gas that the magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine uses is dry compression arbon dioxide gas; protection gas is sulfur hexafluoride; the holding furnace refractory material adopts mgo-based refractories, causes the accident because of unexpected liquid magnesium alloy with the refractory material contact of other type strong exothermic reaction takes place avoiding.
Cylindric, the large scale magnesium alloy shell foundry goods of the suitable especially manufacturing of magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine, generally complex-shaped, thin-walled is the thinnest to be 2 millimeters, dimensional accuracy and density require high.The several main parameters of magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine: fill type and by predetermined speed the vacuum pressure closed chamber is evacuated to less than 10 earlier
5Pa, the steady filling casting mold of liquid magnesium alloy is when being full of fully, start pulsometer to the running gate system supercharging, start simultaneously the plenum of vacuum pressure closed chamber, keeping the pressure differential of pulsometer and vacuum pressure closed chamber is that certain value is a dwell pressure, remains to and solidifies end.The holding furnace temperature is 740-750 ℃, and the maximum mold filling pressure of pulsometer is 0.5Mpa, progressively increases second at 10-60, and the freezing pressure difference is 0.05-0.1Mpa.
It is identical with existing technology not state part.
The present invention carries out the production experiment of multiple magnesium alloy, and operations is functional.Experimental result shows, the present invention have the design productivity ratio higher, security performance is good, can be used for producing very complicated magnesium alloy parts, very thin wallboard can both fill type satisfactorily, the mechanical performance of the magnesium alloy parts of being produced increases substantially, and the compactness of foundry goods is good, tensile strength on average improves 20%, percentage elongation improves 120%.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine; it is characterized in that: equipment mainly is made up of vacuum pressure closed chamber (2), holding furnace (7), pulsometer (5), control appliance (10) and auxiliary device; the power that the filling of alloy liquid and foundry goods pressure solidify is to cooperate vacuum and gases at high pressure to realize by the metal liquid pulsometer that is immersed in the normal pressure magnesium liquid crucible; holding furnace and crucible are in atmospheric pressure state all the time in production process, and liquid magnesium alloy is under normal pressure and the gas guard mode.
2, magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this casting machine has the function that suction pouring, low pressure casting, counter-pressure casting and high pressure solidify simultaneously, the cavity filling process casting mold is in low vacuum state, makes these facility that the characteristics of vacuum pressing and casting be arranged; When filling type liquid magnesium alloy in the mode of stable smooth flow from the bottom to the filling of foundry goods die cavity, make these facility that the characteristics of low pressure casting be arranged; Foundry goods solidifies under high pressure again be full of die cavity under pressure differential after, the characteristics that make these facility have counter-pressure casting and high pressure to solidify.
3, magnesium alloy vacuum pressure casting machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be soaked in the liquid magnesium alloy during work of casting process metal liquid pulsometer, inflate to the air pressure pump chamber by pneumatic control system, liquid magnesium alloy in the air pressure pump chamber under the effect of gas pressure by stalk to metal mold cavity filling and pressurize, release after casting solidification is finished, die cavity is to replace casting ladle to make the steady low pressure of alloy liquid fill type by the liquid pulsometer in the casting process, finish fill type after liquid magnesium alloy under high pressure solidify.
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| CN 200410038882 CN1569362A (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Vacuum pressure casting machine for magnesium alloy |
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| CN 200410038882 CN1569362A (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2004-05-07 | Vacuum pressure casting machine for magnesium alloy |
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| CN101537481B (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-09-08 | 上海交通大学 | Magnesium alloy metal mode low-pressure casting die cavity provided with automatic gas shield device |
| CN101468385B (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2010-11-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Molten metal linkage conveyer device for preparing metal powder and casting part |
| CN101653825B (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-pressure counter-pressure casting method of Al-5 percent Cu base alloy |
| CN102384648A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-03-21 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Low-melting point alloying furnace |
| CN102717051A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 上海交通大学 | Pressure adjusting precision casting device of high temperature alloy complex thin wall casts |
| CN103157779A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-19 | 牟彦任 | High pressure metal smelting and processing |
| CN106735091A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy vacuum casting method |
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| CN107838402A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of manufacture method of complicated magnesium alloy structural part |
| CN107876734A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of magnesium alloy counter-pressure casting machine and casting method |
| CN108856680A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-23 | 科华控股股份有限公司 | A kind of suction pouring device convenient for lifting operation of driving a vehicle |
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| CN109513899A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of large-scale intelligent fission synchronzed press device and boosting method |
| CN112045164A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏大学 | Near-liquidus differential pressure casting method and device for large complex magnesium alloy component |
| CN112458324A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | Magnesium alloy smelting and pouring device and method under gas protection atmosphere |
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| CN101468385B (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2010-11-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Molten metal linkage conveyer device for preparing metal powder and casting part |
| CN101537481B (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-09-08 | 上海交通大学 | Magnesium alloy metal mode low-pressure casting die cavity provided with automatic gas shield device |
| CN101653825B (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-06-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-pressure counter-pressure casting method of Al-5 percent Cu base alloy |
| CN102384648A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-03-21 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Low-melting point alloying furnace |
| CN102384648B (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-10-23 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Low-melting point alloying furnace |
| CN103157779A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-19 | 牟彦任 | High pressure metal smelting and processing |
| CN102717051A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 上海交通大学 | Pressure adjusting precision casting device of high temperature alloy complex thin wall casts |
| CN106735091A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy vacuum casting method |
| CN106914606A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-04 | 上海交通大学 | One kind casting compression solidification semi-successive cultivation device and method |
| CN108856680A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-11-23 | 科华控股股份有限公司 | A kind of suction pouring device convenient for lifting operation of driving a vehicle |
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| CN107838402A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of manufacture method of complicated magnesium alloy structural part |
| CN107876734A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of magnesium alloy counter-pressure casting machine and casting method |
| CN107876734B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of magnesium alloy counter-pressure casting method |
| CN109047722A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of adjustable pressure casting push-pull type air-channel system and its method |
| CN109513899A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of large-scale intelligent fission synchronzed press device and boosting method |
| CN109513899B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-07-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large intelligent split synchronous pressurizing device and pressurizing method |
| CN112045164A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏大学 | Near-liquidus differential pressure casting method and device for large complex magnesium alloy component |
| CN112458324A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | Magnesium alloy smelting and pouring device and method under gas protection atmosphere |
| CN112705684A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-27 | 镇江同舟螺旋桨有限公司 | Counter-pressure casting process capable of reducing casting defects of propeller |
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