CN1567624A - An air-humidification system of highly effective fuel battery - Google Patents
An air-humidification system of highly effective fuel battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1567624A CN1567624A CNA031293395A CN03129339A CN1567624A CN 1567624 A CN1567624 A CN 1567624A CN A031293395 A CNA031293395 A CN A031293395A CN 03129339 A CN03129339 A CN 03129339A CN 1567624 A CN1567624 A CN 1567624A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air-humidifying system of high-efficiency fuel cell, including an air filter, an air humidifier, a fuel cell pile, an air transporter and a control valve, where an air inlet of the air filter is connected with the atmosphere, an air outlet of the air filter is connected with a dry-air inlet of the humidifier through the control valve, a wet-air outlet of the humidifier is connected with an inlet of the air transporter, an outlet of the humidifier is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell pile, an air outlet of the fuel cell pile is connected with an wet-air inlet of the humidifier, and a dehumidified air outlet of the humidifier is connected with the atmosphere. Compared with existing technique, it has the characters of high humidifying effect, low pressure loss, and so on.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a matching device of a fuel cell, in particular to an air humidifying system of a high-efficiency fuel cell.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas streamso that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each conductive plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The conductive film electrode plates can be plates made of metal materials or plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the membrane electrode guiding plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of all vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a portable, movable and fixed power generation device.
The core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a membrane electrode, and the proton exchange membrane is the core component of the membrane electrode. At present, a proton exchange membrane used in a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell needs water molecules to keep moisture in the running process of the cell, and only hydrated protons can freely pass through the proton exchange membrane and reach the cathode end of the electrode from the anode end of the electrode to participate in electrochemical reaction. Otherwise, when a large amount of dry air is supplied to the fuel cell and leaves the fuel cell, water molecules in the proton exchange membrane are easily carried away, and protons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane, so that the internal resistance of the electrode is increased sharply, and the performance of the cell is decreased sharply. The air supplied to the fuel cell generally needs to be humidified to increase the relative humidity of the air entering the fuel cell to prevent water loss from the proton exchange membrane.
Currently, fuel cell humidification devices applied to proton exchange membranes are mainly classified into two types: the first is to pump pure water into the humidifier and evaporate water molecules to form gaseous air mixed with air molecules, and the water molecules are air reaching certain relative humidity when entering the fuel cell. The second type is to introduce the wet air and water exhausted from the fuel cell into the humidifier and exchange water molecules with the dry air entering the humidifier, so that the air entering the fuel cell is air with certain relative humidity.
The first type of humidifier requires the external supply of purified water. The purified water is mainly controlled by devices such as a water pump, a pipeline and the like, so that the complexity of the humidifying device is greatly increased, and the energy consumption is increased; and because the purified water is continuously consumed and must be supplied in time, the cost of the fuel cell operation process is very high, and the operation is inconvenient.
Therefore, the second kind of humidifier applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cell has high practical value and superiority. The second type of humidifier generally employs a rotary inner container type high efficiency humidifier, such as "a high efficiency humidifier for fuel cell" described in the patent by Shanghai Shenli technology Co., Ltd. (patent No. 02111824.8); another humidification device utilizes a water permeable, gas impermeable membrane, such as a Nafion membrane from dupont, which allows water molecules to pass freely but not gas molecules, and allows water molecules to diffuse through the membrane into the dry air as the dry air flows over one side of the membrane and the wet air or water from the fuel cell flows over the other side of the membrane. Such a humidifier is available, for example, in US Patent6, 106964. The patent of Shanghai Shenli technology, Inc. in the patent of "a highly efficient humidifier suitable for low-voltage operation of fuel cells" (patent No. 03115482.4) also belongs to the humidifier.
Currently all of the second type of humidification devices for proton membrane fuel cells are placed between an air delivery device (e.g., air compressor, high pressure blower, etc.) and the fuel cell as described in US Patent6, 106964. As shown in fig. 1, the air delivery device firstly sucks air in the atmosphere, compresses the air, then passes through the second type of humidification device, enters the fuel cell stack, discharges the air out of the fuel cell stack after electrochemical reaction, and enters the humidification device, and finally discharges the air out of the humidification device after hot water exchange of the two types of air.
The current connection mode of the humidifying device and the fuel cell has the following technical defects: (1) when the air delivery device is a blower, the pressure for air delivery is very low, and the fluid resistance of the humidifying device is difficult to overcome, so that the pressure and flow loss before the air is delivered into the fuel cell stack is very large, and the running performance loss of the fuel cell is directly caused. (2) The connection mode can cause the pressure of dry air entering the humidifying device to be higher than the pressure of dry air discharged from the humidifying device, the humidifying device adopting the rotary inner container type is difficult to avoid inner leakage, and the inner leakage can cause a large amount of conveying air at one high-pressure side to be discharged from the other low-pressure side of the humidifying device without entering the fuel cell, thereby directly influencing the performance of the fuel cell. The membrane humidifying device discharges water molecules of wet air at the low pressure side, and is not beneficial to conveying dry air to the high pressure side for diffusion due to pressure difference, so that the humidifying efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing an air humidification system for a fuel cell with high humidification efficiency and low pressure loss.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: an air humidifying system of high-efficiency fuel cell comprises an air filter, an air humidifying device, a fuel cell stack, an air conveying device and a control valve, wherein the air filter is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air humidifying device consists of a humidifying part and a dehumidifying part, the humidifying part is provided with a dry air inlet and a wet air outlet, the dehumidifying part is provided with a wet air inlet and a dehumidifying air outlet, the fuel cell stack is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air conveying device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, characterized in that the air inlet of the air filter is communicated with the atmosphere, the air outlet of the air filter is connected with the dry air inlet of the humidifying device through the control valve, the wet air outlet of the humidifying device is connected with the inlet of the air conveying device, and the outlet of the air conveying device is connected with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the wet air inlet of the humidifying device, and the dehumidifying air outlet of the humidifying device is communicated with the atmosphere.
The control valve comprises a first control valve arranged between the outlet of the air filter and the dry air inlet of the humidifying device and a second control valve arranged between the outlet of the air filter and the wet air outlet of the humidifying device.
The control valve is an electric automatic control valve.
The air delivery device is a high-pressure blower or an air compressor.
The humidifying device is of a rotary inner container type or a membrane humidifying type.
The rotating inner container type humidifying device is provided with a motor which can drive the inner container to rotate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) the humidifier is placed between the air filter and the air delivery device (air compressor or blower).
(2) The air entering the air delivery device is hot air that has reached a certain relative humidity.
(3) The humidifying part of the humidifying device has two advantages that compared with the pressure of the air sucked into and exhausted from the two sides of the dehumidifying part, the pressure of the air is lower than that of the air exhausted from the air exhausting side:
first, the air flow into the fuel cell stack is not reduced in the presence of internal leakage from the humidification apparatus; secondly, the diffusion and the permeation of water molecules on the air exhaust side of the humidifying device to the air suction side are facilitated, and the humidifying effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell air humidification system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the high efficiency fuel cell air humidification system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, an air humidification system of a high efficiency fuel cell comprises an air filter 1, an air humidification device 4, a fuel cell stack 6, an air delivery device 5 and control valves 2 and 3, wherein the air filter 1 is provided with an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12, the air humidification device 4 is composed of a humidification part 41 and a dehumidification part 42, the humidification part 41 is provided with a dry air inlet 411 and a wet air outlet 412, the dehumidification part 42 is provided with a wet air inlet 421 and a dehumidification air outlet 422, the fuel cell stack 6 is provided with an air inlet 61 and an air outlet 62, the air delivery device 5 is provided with an inlet 51 and an outlet 52, the air inlet 11 of the air filter 1 is communicated with the atmosphere, the air outlet 12 of the air filter is connected with the dry air inlet 411 of the humidification device through the control valve 3, the wet air outlet 412 of the humidification device is connected with the inlet 51 of the air delivery device, the outlet 52 of the air delivery device is connected to the air inlet 61 of the fuel cell stack, the air outlet 62 of the fuel cell stack is connected to the wet air inlet 421 of the humidifier device, and the dehumidified air outlet 422 of the humidifier device is connected to the atmosphere.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the air in the atmosphere is filtered by the air filter 1 to remove any dust, oil droplets, etc. from the atmosphere; 2, 3 are electric automatic control valves, the flow of air entering the humidifying device 4 can be controlled by opening and closing the 2, 3, so that the relative humidity of the air entering the fuel cell 6 can be controlled; the humidifying device 4 is a rotary inner container type or a membrane humidifying type, and 7 in the figure is a rotary motor; 5 is a high-pressure blower, the air delivery flow is 3-5 cubic meters per minute, the static pressure is 0.6Bar (relative pressure), and the air drum and the impeller of the high-pressure blower are made of engineering plastic materials or aluminum metal materials through surface treatment. Thus, the filtered air is sucked into the humidifying device 4, passes through the high-pressure blower 5 and is compressed into the fuel cell stack 6, the air sucked into the humidifying device and the air discharged from the fuel cell stack are subjected to heat and water exchange to form hot air with certain relative humidity, the hot air enters the fuel cell stack to perform electrochemical reaction, and the hot air is dischargedfrom the humidifying device 4.
Claims (6)
1. An air humidifying system of high-efficiency fuel cell comprises an air filter, an air humidifying device, a fuel cell stack, an air conveying device and a control valve, wherein the air filter is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air humidifying device consists of a humidifying part and a dehumidifying part, the humidifying part is provided with a dry air inlet and a wet air outlet, the dehumidifying part is provided with a wet air inlet and a dehumidifying air outlet, the fuel cell stack is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air conveying device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, characterized in that the air inlet of the air filter is communicated with the atmosphere, the air outlet of the air filter is connected with the dry air inlet of the humidifying device through the control valve, the wet air outlet of the humidifying device is connected with the inlet of the air conveying device, and the outlet of the air conveying device is connected with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the wet air inlet of the humidifying device, and the dehumidifying air outlet of the humidifying device is communicated with the atmosphere.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control valves comprise a first control valve disposed between the air filter outlet and the humidifier dry air inlet, and a second control valve disposed between the air filter outlet and the humidifier wet air outlet.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the control valve is an electrically operated automatic control valve.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the air delivery device is a high pressure blower or an air compressor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the humidification device is of a rotary inner container type or a membrane humidification type.
6. The air humidifying system of high efficiency fuel cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rotary inner container type humidifying device is provided with a motor capable of driving the inner container to rotate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031293395A CN100414756C (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2003-06-18 | An air-humidification system of highly effective fuel battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031293395A CN100414756C (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2003-06-18 | An air-humidification system of highly effective fuel battery |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1567624A true CN1567624A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN100414756C CN100414756C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB031293395A Expired - Lifetime CN100414756C (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2003-06-18 | An air-humidification system of highly effective fuel battery |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101510619B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-02-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Negative-pressure humidification vehicle-mounted fuel cell system with perforated plate humidifier |
| CN102423581A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-04-25 | 同济大学 | Air filter for fuel cell system |
| CN110854413A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-28 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Adjustable humidifier structure, inter-cooling humidifier structure and battery system framework structure |
| CN113363540A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-07 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Humidifier leak diagnosis method and fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1340221A (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-03-13 | 泰勒戴尼能源系统公司 | Method and apparatus for maintaining neutral water balance in a fuel cell system |
| JP3389544B2 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-03-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Fuel cell power generation system |
| JP3633472B2 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2005-03-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Protection device for fuel cell system |
-
2003
- 2003-06-18 CN CNB031293395A patent/CN100414756C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101510619B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-02-09 | 武汉理工大学 | Negative-pressure humidification vehicle-mounted fuel cell system with perforated plate humidifier |
| CN102423581A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-04-25 | 同济大学 | Air filter for fuel cell system |
| CN110854413A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-28 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Adjustable humidifier structure, inter-cooling humidifier structure and battery system framework structure |
| CN110854413B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-07 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Adjustable humidifier structure, inter-cooling humidifier structure and battery system framework structure |
| CN113363540A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-07 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Humidifier leak diagnosis method and fuel cell system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100414756C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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Owner name: SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH. CO., LTD. Effective date: 20121213 Owner name: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH. CO., LTD. STATE GRID C Effective date: 20121213 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 201400 FENGXIAN, SHANGHAI TO: 200122 PUDONG NEW AREA, SHANGHAI |
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Effective date of registration: 20121213 Address after: 200122 Shanghai City, Pudong New Area source deep road, No. 1122 Patentee after: SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC POWER Co. Patentee after: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 201400, 10, Pu Pu Industrial Zone, Shanghai, No. 111, Pu Pu Avenue Patentee before: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20080827 |
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