CN1566028A - Single layer peelable coating for ceramic roller bar and obtained ceramic roller bar - Google Patents
Single layer peelable coating for ceramic roller bar and obtained ceramic roller bar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1566028A CN1566028A CN 03139645 CN03139645A CN1566028A CN 1566028 A CN1566028 A CN 1566028A CN 03139645 CN03139645 CN 03139645 CN 03139645 A CN03139645 A CN 03139645A CN 1566028 A CN1566028 A CN 1566028A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- ceramic rod
- titanium dioxide
- protective layer
- dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009955 starching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic roller rod coating and ceramic roller rod employing the coating as protecting layers, wherein the coating or the protecting layer comprises aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate and silica. The invention realizes good strength and density for the protecting layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly can prolong the ceramic rod coating in ceramic rod work-ing life and adopt the prepared ceramic rod of this coating, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of ceramic rod coating of can the individual layer starching, can peel off after burning and adopt the prepared ceramic rod of this coating.
Background technology
Building ceramics factory generally adopts roller kiln firing ceramics wall floor tile.In the roller kiln production technique, ceramic rod is supporting and transmits and burn till the key part of product, and is high value easily-consumed products.In the Production of Ceramics process; exist powder at the bottom of the base; thereby glaze drips sticking impurity adhesion ceramic rod and the obnoxious flavour of waiting and corrodes the roller rod barred body reduction ceramic rod problem in work-ing life; particularly produce ornamental brick; the kiln of vitreous brick; because the surface impurity adhesion is serious; average every two weeks or shorter time just need to change or clear up one time the roller rod; traditional roller rod method for cleaning is to adopt grinder buffing; using scabbing on the grinder buffing roller rod; in the process that glaze drips; both time-consuming; power consumption again; the dust pollution and the noise pollution that produce are also very big; and polishing also can cause coup injury by pair roller rod barred body; in general, in bruting process, the loss of roller rod can reach 10-20%.
In order to reduce the wastage rate of ceramic rod, change number of times but prolong its work-ing life with reducing to polish, can use coating to protect ceramic rod.Present employed coating is basically based on commercial alumina and clay, there is the shortcoming of following several respects in such coating: the one, between 1000-1250 ℃, there is not sintering, has loose structure by the formed coating of this coating, thereby intensity and wear resistance are relatively poor, adobe produces friction mutually with coating in operational process, make coating just be worn away in the short period of time, lost the effect of protection roller rod; The 2nd, because the formed coating structure of this coating is loose, porosity is big, and glaze drips easy infiltrate coating and bonds with roller rod barred body, and formation scabs, and this scabbing can only just can polish off same damage roller rod with emery wheel; The 3rd, the coating of being burnt till through high temperature by this coating easily is bonded as one with the roller rod, has to take the method for grinder buffing when removing the coating of gluing glaze.
A kind of ceramic rod with two-layer protective layer is disclosed in the Chinese patent 97209130.0; the coating of this double-layer structure has certain intensity and density behind sintering; can stop glaze to drip infiltrate and with the adhesion of roller rod barred body; and peel off from barred body easily after the cooling; need not grinder buffing, thereby can prevent the damage of roller rod.But this technology also has the shortcoming of himself, as coating is multilayered structure, coating need be coated onto on the roller rod step by step, promptly need on barred body, to apply earlier priming paint, treat after its drying applicator surface coating again, and the gauge control of the end, investment precoat is strict, if control is improper, does not then reach the effect of anticipation.The use operation relative complex of this of this application people technology is not so its occupation rate on market is very big at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned not enough problem of existing in prior technology, the present invention proposes and a kind ofly can on the ceramic rod surface, form coating strippable, the single ply protective layer, mainly contain materials such as aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate, clay and silicon-dioxide in this coating; A spot of impurity as long as it does not influence the performance of protective layer and the performance of ceramic rod, also can exist.Certainly, the content of impurity is unsuitable too high, in order to avoid influence using and burning performance afterwards of coating.
Aluminum oxide in the above-mentioned coating can be the aluminum oxide of any crystal formation, as α-Al
2O
3, η-Al
2O
3, γ-Al
2O
3Deng, but preferred aluminum oxide is γ-Al
2O
3During hot operation in kiln, the γ-Al in the above-mentioned coating protective layer
2O
3Some or all of the undergoing phase transition of meeting forms α-Al
2O
3Thereby, obtain integrative-structure, fine and close, high-intensity protective layer.
γ-Al in the above-mentioned coating
2O
3Can obtain by using raw materials such as bauxitic clay, commercial alumina, also can be by using other γ-Al
2O
3Raw material and obtaining.
Titanium dioxide in the above-mentioned coating can obtain by using raw materials such as titanium dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide or anatase titanium dioxide, also can obtain by the titanium dioxide raw material that uses other.A kind of preferred mode is to adopt bauxitic clay, contains 92% the γ-Al of having an appointment because remove in the bauxitic clay
2O
3The titanium dioxide that also contains the 4-6% that has an appointment outward.By using a kind of raw material of bauxitic clay, can in coating, obtain alumina component and titanium dioxide component simultaneously as coating.
Lime carbonate in the above-mentioned coating can obtain by using raw materials such as light calcium carbonate powder, heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated chalk powder, calcite or chalk soil, preferably uses the light calcium carbonate powder.
Silicon-dioxide in the above-mentioned coating can obtain by using raw materials such as silica powder or clay, preferentially uses clay, and insufficient section uses silica powder.
In the coating weight of dry state, the weight percentage of titanium dioxide in coating generally is controlled in the scope of 2-12%, is preferably 4-10%.
In the coating weight of dry state, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide have following weight ratio in the coating:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6-8: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5, preferred part by weight is:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6.5-7.8: 1.8-2.2: 0.8-1.5.
Coating of the present invention should have suitable granularity, so that preparation is coated with slip and makes protective layer have suitable roughness.In general, in sieve number, the granularity of coating is controlled at and is not more than in the 250 purpose scopes, as screenings＜0.5g when adopting 325 orders to sieve.
In the above-mentioned coating, below 1300 ℃, its ingredient aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide can not cause corrosive effect to ceramic rod itself.In the operational process, these compositions do not react with roller rod barred body in kiln, can not change the original structural performance of roller rod, thereby have prevented that " vitreous " phenomenon from appearring in the roller rod.
Adopt coating of the present invention after forming protective layer on the ceramic rod, along with ceramic rod use under the high temperature in kiln, the γ-Al in the above-mentioned protective layer
2O
3Some or all of the undergoing phase transition of meeting forms α-Al
2O
3Thereby, obtain integrative-structure, fine and close, high-intensity protective layer; Such protective layer has suitable intensity and density, can stop that glaze drips infiltrate coating and barred body bonding, and the while can be stood the long-term friction of adobe and is not worn away.In addition, in the process that high temperature uses, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide can partly or wholly react, and form Calucium Silicate powder; And Calucium Silicate powder has the volumetric expansion effect because of crystal conversion in the process of cooling; produce tiny crack in the protective layer of cooling back; can easily peel off by beaing gently from barred body; basically do not need grinder buffing promptly can cleaning roller the rod surface scab and glaze such as drips at impurity; both saved time; do not have dust and noise pollution again, and greatly reduce the wastage rate of roller rod, prolong its work-ing life.
On the other hand; the present invention also provides a kind of ceramic rod that has protective layer; said protective layer can easily be peeled off after described ceramic rod cooling; this protective layer its main ingredient before high temperature uses is aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide; and after high temperature used, its main ingredient was aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide and silicon-dioxide.
In the above-mentioned ceramic rod, the thickness of its protective layer generally can be controlled between the 0.8-2.0mm before high temperature uses, and preferably is controlled between the 1.0-1.4mm.
In the protective layer of above-mentioned ceramic rod, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide have following weight ratio:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6-8: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5, preferred part by weight is:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6.5-7.8: 1.8-2.2: 0.8-1.5.
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment, but these embodiment being specific embodiments more of the present invention, is not to be limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(aluminium vanadine+commercial alumina+titanium dioxide), light calcium carbonate powder and (clay+silica powder) are mixed by 6.5: 2: 1.5 weight ratio, and being mixed with relative density is 1.80-1.95g/cm
3, water ratio is the coating slurry of 32-36%.This coating is screenings＜0.5g after 325 mesh sieve sieve.Contain γ-Al of about 92% in the used aluminium vanadine
2O
3Also contain 5% the titanium dioxide of having an appointment outward.Adopt above-mentioned coating slurry to the ceramic rod starching, drench, brush three to four times, will scribble the ceramic rod nature airing of above-mentioned coating then or be placed on oven dry in the kiln.Dry back is about 1.2mm by the thickness of the formed protective layer of above-mentioned coating.The roller rod of band protective layer is after the kiln high temperature section was used in 15 days, and sticking blank particle of coatingsurface and glaze drip few, and there is tiny crack in cooling back coatingsurface, raps easily and peels off; Roller rod Heat stability is good, splits excellent phenomenon and obviously reduces disconnected rod.
Embodiment 2
Prepare coating and on ceramic rod, form protective layer by embodiment 1 identical method; only the blending ratio of (aluminium vanadine+commercial alumina+titanium dioxide), Paris white and (clay+silica powder) is 7.0: 1.8: 1.2, and the formed protective layer thickness of dry back coating is 1.2mm.
Embodiment 3:
Prepare coating and on ceramic rod, form protective layer by embodiment 1 identical method; only the blending ratio of (aluminium vanadine+commercial alumina+titanium dioxide), Paris white and (clay+silica powder) is 7.7: 1.5: 0.8, and the formed protective layer thickness of dry back coating is 1.0mm.
Embodiment 4
Prepare coating and on ceramic rod, form protective layer by embodiment 1 identical method; only the blending ratio of (aluminium vanadine+commercial alumina+titanium dioxide), Paris white and (clay+silica powder) is 7.2: 1.6: 1.2, and the formed protective layer thickness of dry back coating is 0.8mm.
Embodiment 5
Prepare coating and on ceramic rod, form protective layer by embodiment 1 identical method; only the blending ratio of (aluminium vanadine+commercial alumina+titanium dioxide), Paris white and (clay+silica powder) is 6.8: 2.0: 1.2, and the formed protective layer thickness of dry back coating is 1.4mm.
Embodiment 6
Prepare coating and on ceramic rod, form protective layer by embodiment 1 identical method, only use precipitated chalk powder substitute for light calcium carbonate powder.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of ceramic rod coating that is used for the ceramic rod protective layer, this coating is being applied to the ceramic rod surface after high temperature burns till, can be from roller rod sur-face peeling and not with the ceramic rod adhesion; It is characterized in that, contain aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide in this coating.
2, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described aluminum oxide is γ-Al
2O
3
3, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described aluminum oxide is selected from commercial alumina, bauxitic clay and clay.
4, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described titanium dioxide is selected from bauxitic clay and titanium dioxide.
5, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the weight percentage of described titanium dioxide in described coating is 2-12%.
6, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide have following weight ratio in the described coating:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6-8: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5.
7, ceramic rod coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the granularity of described coating is not more than 250 orders in the order number.
8, a kind of ceramic rod that has the single ply protective layer, this protective layer can be stripped from after described ceramic rod cooling, it is characterized in that, contains aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide in the described protective layer.
9, ceramic rod as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the thickness of described protective layer is between 0..8-2.0mm.
10, ceramic rod as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, lime carbonate and silicon-dioxide have following weight ratio in the described protective layer:
(aluminum oxide+titanium dioxide): lime carbonate: silicon-dioxide=6-8: 1.5-2.5: 0.5-1.5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396453A CN100360473C (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | Single layer peelable coating for ceramic roller bar and obtained ceramic roller bar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396453A CN100360473C (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | Single layer peelable coating for ceramic roller bar and obtained ceramic roller bar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1566028A true CN1566028A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN100360473C CN100360473C (en) | 2008-01-09 |
Family
ID=34470643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396453A Expired - Lifetime CN100360473C (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-01 | Single layer peelable coating for ceramic roller bar and obtained ceramic roller bar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100360473C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111363387A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-03 | 佛山市华耐高科化工有限公司 | Formula and production process of coking-removing coating for kiln roller |
| CN112851317A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 佛山森蒂泰珂科技有限公司 | Roller protection material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113045302A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 福建安溪马斯特陶瓷有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-strength ceramic roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582708A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Formula and preparation process of rock plate bottom slurry |
| CN114230372A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 连云港太阳光石英陶瓷有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-strength ceramic roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN116120096A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-16 | 湖南泰鑫瓷业有限公司 | Composite ceramic rod and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1079819A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1993-12-22 | 四川省威远县天府陶瓷建筑材料实业公司 | A kind of roller type tunnel kiln burning coal for ceramic and burning techniques thereof |
| CN2301445Y (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-12-23 | 佛山市陶瓷研究所 | Ceramic roller with stripping protective coating |
-
2003
- 2003-07-01 CN CNB031396453A patent/CN100360473C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111363387A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-03 | 佛山市华耐高科化工有限公司 | Formula and production process of coking-removing coating for kiln roller |
| CN112851317A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 佛山森蒂泰珂科技有限公司 | Roller protection material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113045302A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 福建安溪马斯特陶瓷有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-strength ceramic roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN113045302B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-08-26 | 福建安溪马斯特陶瓷有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-strength ceramic roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582708A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Formula and preparation process of rock plate bottom slurry |
| CN114230372A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 连云港太阳光石英陶瓷有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant high-strength ceramic roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN116120096A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-16 | 湖南泰鑫瓷业有限公司 | Composite ceramic rod and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116120096B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-03-12 | 湖南泰鑫瓷业有限公司 | Composite ceramic rod and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100360473C (en) | 2008-01-09 |
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Address after: 528237 Guangdong city of Foshan Province Tai Lam guanyaozhen Nanhai District Industrial Zone of Yangtze River Raw carton factory Patentee after: GUANGDONG JINGANG NEW MATERIAL CO.,LTD. Address before: 528237 Guangdong city of Foshan Province Tai Lam guanyaozhen Nanhai District Industrial Zone of Yangtze River Raw carton factory Patentee before: FOSHAN NANHAI JINGANG NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd. |
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| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20080109 |
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| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |