CN1563543A - Superfine non-woven fabric from fiber of poly lactic acid and fabricating method - Google Patents
Superfine non-woven fabric from fiber of poly lactic acid and fabricating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1563543A CN1563543A CN 200410017776 CN200410017776A CN1563543A CN 1563543 A CN1563543 A CN 1563543A CN 200410017776 CN200410017776 CN 200410017776 CN 200410017776 A CN200410017776 A CN 200410017776A CN 1563543 A CN1563543 A CN 1563543A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a superfine poly-lactic acid fiber un-woven fabric cloth formed by binding superfine poly-lactic acid fibers in single fiber random distribution with mean fineness of 2.7mum-9.07mum to be processed by cutting to slices, drying, smelting and, extrusion, forming to fibers, cooling down, netting and strengthening.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the textile material field, it relates to a kind of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology:
Environment and development is the theme of 21 century.At the environmental problem in the global range, people urgently wish to develop a kind of polymeric material that can decompose in natural environment, through constantly study, exploitation and practicability attempts, people more and more pay close attention to biodegradable polymeric.
Traditional polymer such as polyacrylic raw material are all based on oil, and oil will be exhausted and non-renewable day by day.In addition, consume oil in a large number and also can impel the global warming aggravation.
From above-mentioned 2 considerations, coming from renewable resource and biodegradable polymer becomes the focus that people pay close attention to.A kind of so just polymer of PLA, it with every year reproducible corn be that raw material is made poly-lactic acid products, to utilize resources synthetically, reduce environmental pollution and sustainable development significant.
The existing report of PLA is used to make fiber and fibre at present.Put down in writing with the PLA patent of invention " polylactic resin and by the manufacture method of its fibre that constitutes and fibre " be the fibre of raw material by (application number is 00809110.2), and the average fiber fineness of its long fibre nonwoven cloth products is 1～15dtex (11 μ m～42 μ m).Because its fibre fineness is thicker, has limited its application as filtering material.
In addition, though existing ultra-fine polypropylene fiber non-woven has strainability preferably, it can not be degraded at occurring in nature, is unfavorable for environmental protection.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of strainability good ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth and manufacture method thereof with biodegradability at the deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is characterized in that by the average fiber fineness be 2.7 μ m～9.07 μ m, and the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic that is filament random distribution shape is bonded together each other and constitutes, and its mass area ratio is 44～123.7g/m
2, thickness is 0.645～1.399mm, the fibre web average pore size is 11.3865 μ m～24.9693 μ m, is 21.10～35Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 10.91～22.64Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g;
The manufacture method of described ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is such, it comprises section drying step 1, melt extrude step 2, fibre forming step 3, fiber cooling step 4, become net to reinforce step 5, the improvement process conditions that it is characterized in that described section drying step 1 are that the temperature of its dehumidifying heat pump adopts 80～100 ℃, the section criteria thus the drying time is 6～8 hours, the described improvement process conditions that melt extrude step 2 adopt 30～41rpm for its screw extruder screw speed, screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 123～153 ℃ respectively, 193～242 ℃, 196～276 ℃, its filter, elbow, the temperature of meltblown beam adopts 300～320 ℃ respectively, 200～270 ℃, 148～230 ℃, the improvement process conditions of described fibre forming step 3 are that the pressure of its stretching air adopts 0.2～0.46Mpa, sub-air chamber's temperature adopts 283～330 ℃, the air heat actuator temperature adopts 594～712 ℃, the improvement process conditions of described fiber cooling step 4 are its meltblown beam and receive acceptance between cylinder apart from adopting 8～18cm, the improvement process conditions that described one-tenth net is reinforced step 5 adopt 35～45cm/min for the speed of traversing that it receives cylinder, and reciprocal time adopts 2～10 times.
Advantage compared with prior art of the present invention is:
1. ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of the present invention is owing to fibre fineness obviously reduces, so obviously improve than the filter efficiency of existing acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth;
2. ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of the present invention has reproducibility and biological degradability, compares with existing ultra-fine polypropylene non-weaving cloth, helps environmental protection and sustainable development.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the electromicroscopic photograph of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth structure of the present invention
Among Fig. 1, the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of A-, the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic of B-;
Fig. 2 is a process equipment schematic diagram of the present invention
Among Fig. 2, the 1-dehumidifying heat pump, the 2-feeder, 3-material loading hopper, 4-is incubated hopper,
The 5-material storage barrel, the 6-filter, the 7-elbow, the 8-meltblown beam,
9-receives cylinder, 10-sub-air chamber, and the 11-screw extruder,
The 12-air heater, the 13-pressure-reducing valve, the 14-air cleaner,
The 15-air accumulator, 16-steam-water separator, 17-air compressor machine.
The specific embodiment:
More than the %, vitrification point is 58.49～60.20 ℃ by 95 moles of L-isomer comprises that are characterized as the straight chain shape on sale in the present invention, and melt temperature is that 160.95～175 ℃ polylactic acid slice and melt-blown process realized.
As shown in Figure 1, ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is by extruding from the meltblown beam spinneret orifice after the polylactic acid slice process screw extruder melt extruded, and to form the average fiber fineness by meltblown beam spinneret orifice both sides high velocity, hot air air drawing be 2.7 μ m～9.07 μ m superfine fibres, be filament random distribution state, accumulating in then is bonded together on the reception cylinder and by ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic mutually constitutes ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth, and the mass area ratio of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is 44～123.7g/m
2, thickness is 0.645～1.399mm, the fibre web average pore size is 11.3865 μ m～24.9693 μ m, is 21.10～35Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 10.91～22.64Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g.
As shown in Figure 2, utilize the manufacture method that process equipment adopted of making the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Section drying step 1:
Polylactic acid slice is stored in the material storage barrel 5, swabbing action by feeder 2 makes polylactic acid slice enter material loading hopper 3, drop to insulation hopper 4 then, the temperature that dehumidifying heat pump 1 produces adopts 4 pairs of polylactic acid slice of hot-air feeding insulation hopper of 80～100 ℃ to carry out drying, and the section criteria thus the drying time is 6～8 hours.Polylactic acid slice is used for must carrying out drying before the melt-blown process, and reason has three: 1, removes the moisture in the polylactic acid slice in order to avoid the macromolecular ester linkage hydrolyzing of PLA causes melt extruded difficulty and end product quality to reduce; 2, it is even to guarantee fiber quality to improve the moisture uniformity of section; 3, improve PLA degree of crystallinity and softening point;
Melt extrude step 2:
Dried polylactic acid slice is by insulation hopper 4 feeding screw extruders 11, add to be hot extruded into and be melt, the screw pitch of screw extruder 11 adopts 3cm, spiro rod length adopts 30 with the ratio of screw diameter, screw speed adopts 30～41rpm, screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 123～153 ℃ respectively, 193～242 ℃, 196～276 ℃, the polylactic acid melt of screw extruder 11 outputs is sent into meltblown beam 8 through elbow 7, its filter 6 after filtering through filter 6 again, elbow 7, the temperature of meltblown beam 8 adopts 300～320 ℃ respectively, and 200～270 ℃, 148～230 ℃;
Fibre forming step 3:
The molten PLA filament of extruding by the meltblown beam 8 spinneret orifices elongation that under the stretching action of both sides high velocity, hot air stream, attenuates rapidly, form the PLA superfine fibre, the compressed air that air compressor machine 17 produces enters air accumulator 15 through steam-water separator 16, enter air heater 12 through air cleaner 14 and pressure-reducing valve 13 again, air after the heating enters sub-air chamber 10 and is divided into two-way and enters meltblown beam 8, and the molten PLA filament of spinneret orifice being extruded from the ejection of spinneret orifice both sides stretches, the pressure of stretching air is regulated between 0.2～0.46MPa, sub-air chamber's 10 temperature are regulated between 283～330 ℃, and air heater 12 temperature are regulated between 594～712 ℃.The width 200mm of meltblown beam 8, the orifice diameter 0.2mm of meltblown beam 8, the spinneret orifice centre-to-centre spacing of meltblown beam 8 is 0.9mm, and the quantity of meltblown beam 8 spinneret orifices adopts 166, and the air-flow angle of the spinneret orifice both sides of meltblown beam 8 is 60 °;
Fiber cooling step 4:
When the molten PLA filament that the stretching air is extruded spinneret orifice stretches, the a large amount of air at room temperature in meltblown beam both sides, 8 spinneret orifice exit is inhaled into, mix mutually with the thermal air current that contains ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic, make its cooling, the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic thereby the cooling curing of molten condition, the acceptance distance that meltblown beam 8 and reception cylinder are 9 is regulated between 8～18cm, and ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic cooling curing is generally leaving spinneret orifice 6～7mm place beginning of meltblown beam 8;
Become net to reinforce step 5:
Receive cylinder 9 existing rotations and traverse again, the constant 25 commentaries on classics/min that are generally of velocity of rotation, the speed of traversing is regulated between 35～45cm/min, and reciprocal time is regulated between 2～10 times.In receiving range, ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic level sprays to and receives cylinder 9, and pile up to form the fibre web of PLA superfine fibre repeatedly, be to condense in the random distribution state to receive on the cylinder 9 by air at room temperature and stretching hot-air mixed airflow band to the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic that receives cylinder 9 simultaneously, still have Yu Wen, thereby ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic can produce adhesive effect each other, makes fibre web obtain reinforcing, and makes ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth thus.
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but embodiment only be used for the explanation, can not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
By the included section drying step 1 of the manufacture method of the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of above-mentioned manufacturing the present invention, melt extrude step 2, fibre forming step 3, fiber cooling step 4, become net to reinforce each procedure of processing of step 5 and adopt following improvement process conditions each procedure of processing:
1. polylactic acid slice feeds screw extruder then adopting under 100 ℃ of temperature drying 8 hours, and screw speed adopts 30rpm;
2. screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 127 ℃ respectively, and 225 ℃, 227 ℃, filter, elbow, the temperature of meltblown beam adopts 316 ℃ respectively, and 264 ℃, 150 ℃;
3. the pressure of air of stretching adopts 0.44Mpa, and sub-air chamber's temperature adopts 312 ℃, and the air heat actuator temperature adopts 652 ℃;
4. receiving range adopts 9cm, receives the cylinder speed 40cm/min that traverses, and reciprocal time is 4;
Prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth The performance test results is:
The average fiber fineness is 9.07 μ m, and mass area ratio is 44g/m
2, thickness is 0.645mm, the fibre web average pore size is 24.9693 μ m, is 35Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 22.64Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g, its blood filtration effect: leukocyte removal efficiency is 74.0386%;
Embodiment 2:
By the included section drying step 1 of the manufacture method of the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of above-mentioned manufacturing the present invention, melt extrude step 2, fibre forming step 3, fiber cooling step 4, become net to reinforce each procedure of processing of step 5 and adopt following improvement process conditions each procedure of processing:
1. polylactic acid slice feeds screw extruder then adopting under 100 ℃ of temperature drying 8 hours, and screw speed adopts 41rpm;
2. screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 146 ℃ respectively, and 241 ℃, 268 ℃, filter, elbow, the temperature of meltblown beam adopts 316 ℃ respectively, and 200 ℃, 216 ℃;
3. the pressure of air of stretching adopts 0.44Mpa, and sub-air chamber's temperature adopts 317 ℃, and the air heat actuator temperature adopts 701 ℃;
4. receiving range adopts 8.5cm, receives the cylinder speed 41.7cm/min that traverses, and reciprocal time is 6;
Prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth The performance test results is:
The average fiber fineness is 3.2 μ m, and mass area ratio is 99.6g/m
2, thickness is 0.959mm, the fibre web average pore size is 16.8558 μ m, is 30.52Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 13.45Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g, its blood filtration effect: leukocyte removal efficiency is 87.2561%;
Embodiment 3:
By the included section drying step 1 of the manufacture method of the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth of above-mentioned manufacturing the present invention, melt extrude step 2, fibre forming step 3, fiber cooling step 4, become net to reinforce each procedure of processing of step 5 and adopt following improvement process conditions each procedure of processing:
1. polylactic acid slice feeds screw extruder then adopting under 100 ℃ of temperature drying 8 hours, and screw speed adopts 41rpm;
2. screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 149 ℃ respectively, and 237 ℃, 274 ℃, filter, elbow, the temperature of meltblown beam adopts 316 ℃ respectively, and 200 ℃, 222 ℃;
3. the pressure of air of stretching adopts 0.44Mpa, and sub-air chamber's temperature adopts 317 ℃, and the air heat actuator temperature adopts 673 ℃;
4. receiving range is 11cm, receives the cylinder speed 41.7cm/min that traverses, and reciprocal time is 8;
Prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth The performance test results is:
The average fiber fineness is 2.7 μ m, and mass area ratio is 123.7g/m
2, thickness is 1.399mm, the fibre web average pore size is 11.3865 μ m, is 21.10Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 10.91Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g, its blood filtration experimental result: leukocyte removal efficiency is 99.9340%.
The comparative descriptions of the foregoing description 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 strainabilities is as follows:
The acid fiber by polylactic fineness that embodiment 1 prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is adopted is thicker, and the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth fibre web average pore size of its formation is bigger, so leukocyte removal efficiency is low during filtering blood; The acid fiber by polylactic fineness that embodiment 2 prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloths are adopted is less, and the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth fibre web average pore size of its formation is also less, and leukocyte removal efficiency is better than embodiment 1 during its filtering blood; The acid fiber by polylactic fineness minimum that embodiment 3 prepared ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloths are adopted, the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth fibre web average pore size of its formation is also minimum, therefore its leukocyte removal efficiency is higher during filtering blood, this shows when making ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth if reduce the fineness of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic, is favourable to improving ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth to the filter effect of blood middle leukocytes then.
Claims (2)
1. a ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth is characterized in that by the average fiber fineness be 2.7 μ m～9.07 μ m, and the ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic that is filament random distribution shape is bonded together each other and constitutes, and its mass area ratio is 44～123.7g/m
2, thickness is 0.645～1.399mm, the fibre web average pore size is 11.3865 μ m～24.9693 μ m, is 21.10～35Nm than brute force vertically
2/ 100g is 10.91～22.64Nm than brute force laterally
2/ 100g.
2. the manufacture method of ultra-fine acid fiber by polylactic non-weaving cloth according to claim 1 is such, it comprises section drying step (1), melt extrude step (2), fibre forming step (3), fiber cooling step (4), become net to reinforce step (5), the improvement process conditions that it is characterized in that described section drying step (1) are that the temperature of its dehumidifying heat pump adopts 80～100 ℃, the section criteria thus the drying time is 6～8 hours, the described improvement process conditions that melt extrude step (2) adopt 30～41rpm for its screw extruder screw speed, screw rod one district, two districts, the temperature in three districts adopts 123～153 ℃ respectively, 193～242 ℃, 196～276 ℃, its filter, elbow, the temperature of meltblown beam adopts 300～320 ℃ respectively, 200～270 ℃, 148～230 ℃, the improvement process conditions of described fibre forming step (3) are that the pressure of its stretching air adopts 0.2～0.46Mpa, sub-air chamber's temperature adopts 283～330 ℃, the air heat actuator temperature adopts 594～712 ℃, the improvement process conditions of described fiber cooling step (4) are its meltblown beam and receive acceptance between cylinder apart from adopting 8～18cm, the improvement process conditions that described one-tenth net is reinforced step (5) adopt 35～45cm/min for the speed of traversing that it receives cylinder, and reciprocal time adopts 2～10 times.
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| DE4136694C2 (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1996-10-10 | Inventa Ag | Starch fiber or starch-modified fiber, process for its production and its use |
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| JP2002242068A (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-08-28 | Unitika Ltd | Nonwoven fabric for biodegradable sanitary material |
| US6905987B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2005-06-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibers comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer/polylactic acid polymer or copolymer blends |
| JP3781655B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-05-31 | ユニチカファイバー株式会社 | Air filter base material for kitchen fan and range |
| JP2003336124A (en) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-28 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Non-crimped short-cut fiber of polylactic acid |
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