CN1560635A - Remote sensing archaeological detecting method for emperor tomb and paleoichnology - Google Patents
Remote sensing archaeological detecting method for emperor tomb and paleoichnology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a remote sensing archaeological study detecting method for monarch mausoleum and ancient site. The method analyzes and explains each kind of remote sensing image, carries on synthesized research to the natural grass and wood, agricultural product, soil, water, path images around the sites, uses different image processing technology, including two-dimension image enhancing technology and three-dimension perspective technology, extracts out the usable information from the ground environment. It has strong macroscopic performance, and the detection is accurate, quick; the invention integrates the digital image data processing, geography information system and so on advanced technologies based on the aviation and remote sensing technologies.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method.
Two, technical background:
Survey and investigate because tradition archaeology exploration engineering can only concentrate on indivedual points usually, lack broad perspectives, can not from the background of local environment, directly extract the terrestrial information relevant, restricted the progress and the research degree of depth of historical relic archaeology with the historical relic traces.
Three, summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of broad perspectives strong and survey emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method accurately and rapidly.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method, the step of its detection method is as follows:
(1), in the overhead remote sensing flight of emperor's tomb and ancient site, emperor's tomb and ancient site are taken, obtain aviation black-and-white picture, color infrared photo, thermal infrared and high-spectrum remote sensing;
(2), based on aviation black-and-white picture, color infrared photo and thermal infrared images, emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out information extraction;
(3), the carrying out with existing remote sensing images and early stage remote sensing images contrasts decipher in detail, larger cemetery park city wall, grave, pit for the person buried alive with the dead and affiliated facility ruins, mound district in decipher Ling Qu and peripheral topography and geomorphology, rock soil mass, tectonic structure, hydrogeological condition and the district, the rapport of macroanalysis mound district's layout and physical geographic environment;
(4), emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out infrared measurement of temperature, soil sampling analysis, measured soil humidity is obtained related data;
(5), analyze remote sensing images, utilize the thermal infrared wave band of remote sensing images, dose thermal anomaly information;
(6), analyze color infrared photo, high spectrum image and early stage aerophoto, extract vegetation traces information, humidity change information, obtain the relation of the research face of land and shallow topsoil feature, vegetation growth state and spectral signature;
(7), on the basis of the data that the remote sensing of being set up is resolved, by the test in known remnants district, set up the inner link of Various types of data of the historical relic remnants of different remote sensing images types, determine information extracting method;
(8), to the archaeology target area abnormal information on the remote sensing images, with determining information extracting method, and resolve the information extraction of engaging in archaeological studies of other area in the image.
The present invention compares with existing archaeology method, and the advantage that has is as follows:
At first, because broad view aloft, can make a general survey of on ground and be difficult for various ground abnormal information identification, complicated, make the relation of the whole looks in traces and each several part can image, accurately, show objectively.Like this, can not only in known traces, find new clue, the more important thing is, can find the traces of many unknowns.The purpose that modern high technology is introduced in the archaeology field is to solve underground historical relic remnants macroscopic view, problem efficient, harmless, that accurately survey.Remote sensing technology and historical relic archaeology are combined closely, and realize macroscopic view, the generaI investigation of efficient historical relic archaeology with remote sensing technology, make archaeology make a breakthrough.
Secondly, remote sensing archaeology can carry out large-area archaeological investigation or historical relic census operations at short notice under the human and material resources situation that less input, greatly improves historical relic generaI investigation efficient, improves historical relic's protection and management work level.Particularly some have inconvenient traffic, natural conditions are abominable, the landforms areas with complicated, as desert, grassland, remote mountain area etc., are difficult to carry out the work with conventional archaeology method, the remote sensing archaeology technology but can be exhibited one's skill to the full.
In recent years, on the basis that absorbs the aerospace remote sensing technology, merge advanced technologies such as Digital Image Data processing, Geographic Information System, pushed archaeology to a new height.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is stable hole, grave mound pile east side, terra cotta warriors and horses hole geomorphologic map in 1956 in Qin Shihuang Tomb district;
Fig. 3 is all kinds of soil spectrograms in Qin Shihuang Tomb district;
Fig. 4 is the figure of grave mound pile thermal infrared at the night wave band in Qin Shihuang Tomb district;
Five, embodiment:
The present invention adopts the method for remote sensing archaeology, and the principle of its remote sensing archaeology is as follows:
Underground historical relic traces often constitute influence to surface soil or other atural object at aspects such as temperature, humidity.In remote sensing archaeology work, write down the information of a large amount of pedology, geomorphology, ecology and geography etc. by remote sensing images, can obtain with the relevant abnormal information of historical relic remnants by analyzing remote sensing image.So the remote sensing archaeology work principle is that fasten the physical attribute, electromagnetic wave spectrum characteristic and the image feature three's that are based upon traces pass.Remote sensing can find that ground is difficult for identification, complicated traces, makes the relation of the whole looks in traces and each several part can image, accurately, show objectively.
The traces in ancient times can be divided into two classes according to its preservation condition, and a class is traces, the face of land, and a class is underground traces.Traces, the face of land are fallen into oblivion by farmland, village, city, factory building, road, river etc. through the nature in many years and manually damage, can retain some by sheer good luck and ram soil or dilapidated walls.Underground ichnofacies are preserved better traces, the face of land are general, but also have many factors to cause underground traces to be transformed and destroy, and for example rob a tomb, infiltration, earthquake, level land.
For traces, the face of land, when it has possessed certain scale, just can be identified on remote sensing images.For underground traces, in the scope of visible light, then be not easy Direct Recognition, need discern by round-about way, for example method such as the temperature on the plant growing way difference by the face of land, the face of land, humidity difference is sought the suspicious district in underground traces.Owing to be stored in underground traces for manually building up, there are differences with the soil that does not have the artificial perturbation on every side, this has just formed this area in a series of differences such as soil, moisture, surface temperatures, human eye is observed these differences on the level land be very little, but will find obvious difference with the remote sensing instrument aloft.These differences have constituted the remote sensing archaeology basis, also are the advantage places of remote sensing archaeology technology.
The basis of archaeology information extraction is atural object image feature and variation pattern thereof, comprises tone, brightness, topographic relief and spatial array mode etc.From full-colour image and the analytical effect thereof that airborne remote sensing is in the past engaged in archaeological studies and obtained, full-colour image is the clearest to the variation reflection of landform and microtopography.The factor that causes face of land brightness to change is a lot, and for example the gradient, aspect change the solar illumination that has changed ground, surface humidity, vegetation type and coverage, soil types and granularity etc.
Remote sensing archaeology is that all kinds of remote sensing images are analyzed and decipher, image features such as traces and natural vegetation on every side thereof, crops, soil, water body, road surface are carried out synthetic study, use different image processing techniquess, comprise the image enhancement technique and the three-dimensional perspective treatment technology of two dimension, useful information is screened from background environment.Its work comprises following several aspect:
At first, collect relevant archaeological materials, the basic condition in traces is done preliminary understanding.Then, collect complete as far as possible various ground, aviation, remote sensing data, comprise the data of different times and early stage as far as possible both domestic and external various data, particularly the more early stage national relevant departments of twentieth century have carried out aeroplane photography activity repeatedly in China, have accumulated the image of a large amount of preciousnesses; Select the subarea of some simultaneously in the traces district of doing the archaeology exploration,, understand tone, the shadow line feature of various traces on remote sensing image, set up the corresponding relation between traces and the remote sensing image feature by analysis to traces situation in the subarea., the remote sensing image feature of workspace classified, judge the position of traces or pit for the person buried alive with the dead/tomb thereafter.At last, carry out the sondage checking with Luoyang Spade.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method process flow diagram; Its concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1), in the overhead remote sensing flight of emperor's tomb and ancient site, emperor's tomb and ancient site are taken, obtain the remote sensing images of aviation black-and-white picture, color infrared photo and thermal infrared picture;
(2), black based on aviation from photo, color infrared photo and thermal infrared images, emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out information extraction; Different Aeronautics and Astronautics remote sensing images have very big-difference to the reflection mode and the reflection effect in traces or ruins, thereby selecting a few class remote sensing images for use is very necessary as analysis-by-synthesis; These remote sensing images are carried out the Treatment Analysis of several different methods, extract archaeology information, the fixed possible distributive province, traces of figure.
(3), the carrying out with existing remote sensing images and early stage remote sensing images contrasts decipher in detail, larger cemetery park city wall, grave, pit for the person buried alive with the dead and affiliated facility ruins, mound district in decipher Ling Qu and peripheral topography and geomorphology, rock soil mass, tectonic structure, hydrogeological condition and the district, the rapport of macroanalysis mound district's layout and physical geographic environment;
Referring to Fig. 2, the stable hole, grave mound pile east side in Qin Shihuang Tomb district, terra cotta warriors and horses hole geomorphologic map in 1956; In the unusual image of microtopography, grave mound pile east side stable hole and terra cotta warriors and horses hole have in microtopography significantly unusually, and it is due to the extensive humane activity.
Certainly, as required, also can set up soil sign, frost and snow sign, humidity sign and vegetation index etc.
(4), emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out infrared measurement of temperature, soil sampling analysis, measured soil humidity is obtained related data;
All kinds of soil spectrograms in Fig. 3 Qin Shihuang Tomb district, the arrow indication is two kinds of positions of burning the spectrum typical absorption wave band place of soil among the figure, is Fe
3+Due to the absorption, compare with the soil of other type after 600nm, reflectivity significantly improves.
(5), analyze remote sensing images, utilize the thermal infrared wave band of remote sensing images, dose thermal anomaly information;
Utilize the thermal infrared wave band of remote sensing images, dose thermal anomaly information.
The hygrogram of grave mound pile thermal infrared at the night wave band in Fig. 4 Qin Shihuang Tomb district, among the figure digitized representation surface temperature during imaging, on grave mound pile, there is significant high temperature abnormality, it is because due to the high thermal conductivity of the rammer soil layer under the grave mound pile, temperature abnormality has appearred hanging down significantly in grave mound pile southern side and east, it is the surface humidity difference that causes owing to underground resistance catch gutter, and then has changed surface water volatile quantity and temperature.
(6), analyze color infrared photo, high spectrum image and early stage aerophoto, extract vegetation traces information, humidity change information, obtain the relation of the research face of land and shallow topsoil feature, vegetation growth state and spectral signature;
(7), on the basis of the data that the remote sensing of being set up is resolved, by the test in known remnants district, set up the inner link of Various types of data of the historical relic remnants of different remote sensing images types, determine information extracting method;
(8), to the archaeology target area abnormal information on the remote sensing images, with determining information extracting method, and resolve the information extraction of engaging in archaeological studies of other area in the image.
Historical relic remnants sensor information is extracted: utilize said method that the whole district is carried out historical relic remnants sensor information and extract and Target Recognition; Singularity at high spectrum image is carried out following special treatment: according to the synchronous calibration test data, high spectrum image is carried out spectral calibration and Temperature Scaling, analysis traces sign, comprise the microtopography sign, vegetation index, the soil sign, the humidity sign, the temperature sign, color change, draw a circle to approve corresponding ROI zone (logo area), again according to the spectral reflectivity of ROI statistics, set up library of spectra, utilize library of spectra that high spectrum image is carried out the traces landmark identification, effectively the routine information extracting method has: the enhancement process method, supervised classification, vegetation index conversion etc.In addition, adopt methods such as spectrum angle charting, fuzzy diagnosis (similarity coefficient method, Furthest Neighbor, approach degree method), neuroid analysis, matched filtering, the special index analysis of vegetation, the wide analysis of absorption paddy depth of convolution ripple, distinguish vegetation type, soil types, surface humidity variation, differentiate historical relic remnants information.
The present invention forms the emperor mound and surveys integral method with the lossless detection method of the multidisciplinary intersection infiltration of airborne remote sensing and archaeology integrated interpretation.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of emperor's tomb and ancient site remote sensing archaeology detection method, it is characterized in that: the step of described detection method is as follows:
(1), in the overhead remote sensing flight of emperor's tomb and ancient site, emperor's tomb and ancient site are taken, obtain aviation black-and-white picture, color infrared photo and thermal infrared picture and high-spectrum remote sensing;
(2), based on aviation black-and-white picture, color infrared photo and thermal infrared images, emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out information extraction;
(3), the carrying out with existing remote sensing images and early stage remote sensing images contrasts decipher in detail, larger cemetery park city wall, grave, pit for the person buried alive with the dead and affiliated facility ruins, mound district in decipher Ling Qu and peripheral topography and geomorphology, rock soil mass, tectonic structure, hydrogeological condition and the district, the rapport of macroanalysis mound district's layout and physical geographic environment;
(4), emperor's tomb and ancient site are carried out infrared measurement of temperature, soil sampling analysis, measured soil humidity is obtained related data;
(5), analyze remote sensing images, utilize the thermal infrared wave band of remote sensing images, dose thermal anomaly information;
(6), analyze color infrared photo, high spectrum image and early stage aerophoto, extract vegetation traces information, humidity change information, obtain the relation of the research face of land and shallow topsoil feature, vegetation growth state and spectral signature;
(7), on the basis of the data that the remote sensing of being set up is resolved, by the test in known remnants district, set up the inner link of Various types of data of the historical relic remnants of different remote sensing images types, determine information extracting method;
(8), to the archaeology target area abnormal information on the remote sensing images, with determining information extracting method, and resolve the information extraction of engaging in archaeological studies of other area in the image.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102708638A (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 | Ancient tomb monitoring instrument powered by solar photovoltaic source |
| CN102708642A (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 | Ancient tomb monitoring instrument with wind-light complementary power supply |
| CN104104922A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 成都市晶林科技有限公司 | Archaeological detection system and method |
| CN104200762A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 南京博物院 | Cultural-relic exhibition method combined with scientific archaeology research |
| CN104808228A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 吉林大学 | Oil field remote sensing information verification system and method based on Beidou satellite |
| CN108615249A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-02 | 四川省冶地工程勘察设计有限公司 | Topographic map drawing methods are quickly generated based on high definition satellite remote-sensing image |
| CN108806154A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-13 | 山东科技大学 | Field ancient tomb remote sensing anti-theft monitoring system and remote sensing monitoring method |
| CN109738369A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-05-10 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of archaeology detection method using Airborne Hyperspectral remote sensing jadeware |
| CN114092837A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-25 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Remote sensing monitoring method and system for site environment based on long-time scale |
| CN115861328A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Grave detection method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN118464810A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Archaeological environment detection method and system based on spectral component analysis |
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2004
- 2004-03-03 CN CNA200410025907XA patent/CN1560635A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102708638A (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 | Ancient tomb monitoring instrument powered by solar photovoltaic source |
| CN102708642A (en) * | 2012-06-16 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 | Ancient tomb monitoring instrument with wind-light complementary power supply |
| CN104104922A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-10-15 | 成都市晶林科技有限公司 | Archaeological detection system and method |
| CN104200762A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 南京博物院 | Cultural-relic exhibition method combined with scientific archaeology research |
| CN104808228A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 吉林大学 | Oil field remote sensing information verification system and method based on Beidou satellite |
| CN108615249A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-02 | 四川省冶地工程勘察设计有限公司 | Topographic map drawing methods are quickly generated based on high definition satellite remote-sensing image |
| CN108806154A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-13 | 山东科技大学 | Field ancient tomb remote sensing anti-theft monitoring system and remote sensing monitoring method |
| CN109738369A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-05-10 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of archaeology detection method using Airborne Hyperspectral remote sensing jadeware |
| CN114092837A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-25 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Remote sensing monitoring method and system for site environment based on long-time scale |
| CN114092837B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-08-26 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Remote sensing monitoring method and system for site environment based on long-time scale |
| CN115861328A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Grave detection method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN118464810A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Archaeological environment detection method and system based on spectral component analysis |
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