CN1557167A - 环境卫生用的中药复方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN1557167A CN1557167A CNA2004100027674A CN200410002767A CN1557167A CN 1557167 A CN1557167 A CN 1557167A CN A2004100027674 A CNA2004100027674 A CN A2004100027674A CN 200410002767 A CN200410002767 A CN 200410002767A CN 1557167 A CN1557167 A CN 1557167A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种“环境卫生”用的中药复方,是无毒的、使用方便的水溶性喷雾制剂。在扩增杀虫的范围外,还填补了所谓“环境卫生”的真实内容,兼及灭菌、抑制病毒的功能,也就是涉及流行性、传染性疾病的预防效用。本发明复方包括了木通、扛板归、吴茱萸、百部、落地生根、参等中药;此等药物都经过了中外药理专家的药理实验,证明具有杀虫、灭菌、抑制病毒的作用。在此基础上,发明人还特别注意了药物组配的相乘效果、创新的淬取形式、科学的制备方法,等关键技术,使的转化无毒的中药成分,变成强效的杀灭制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关一种环境卫生用的中药复方及其制备方法。
背景技术
自原始的燃草烟,驱蝇蠓、赶蚊蚋,以至于燃烧菖蒲、吴茱萸、苍术、祈艾、檀香,喷洒雄黄酒,在我国古代社会且有配制薰香、防瘟香包等比较精致的作为;可见居家环境的卫生概念与办法,是自古有之的。随着时代的进步,20世纪以来,人类存在了简便、有效的需求,于是杀蚊、驱绳、灭蟑的喷雾液、燃香、电蚊香,以及各类型的灭菌、抑制病毒的毒药液应运而生。虽然它均属科学的产品,但功效并非悉数肯定,足以认定的共同点,就是多具毒性;2003年非典猖獗期间,我国某省曾因误采封闭式消毒,造成不少病患、医护人员死亡,即是悲惨的恶例。
现有市场的环境卫生用品,多存在各别或局限的用途,对于灭菌、抑制病毒,多要待到事态严重时,才能得到卫生单位亡羊补牢式的关照;平时购买不便,而且价格昂贵,且多不会使用方法。环境卫生喷洒剂多数含有致命的剧毒,制造者仅标示出有毒、注意安全等,却放任或漠视残毒的后遗。发明人是癌症研治者,在诸多病例中,发觉了此类毒剂的使用与癌症发生的直接关连;而以鼻、肺黏液膜细胞的接触,导致防御细胞突变为前沿因素。
“必要具有毒性的药物,才可能杀虫、灭菌、抑制病毒”?此种概念并不符于事实;自中华医药典籍中,可以寻出甚多无毒的植物或所含有成分,仍然具有环境卫生的杀虫、灭菌、抑毒作用。尤其是在20世纪下半的50年间,在政策规划,专业人才的努力下,中药有效成分的分析,各种药物实验的相继完成,给予了中草药在环境卫生用途的研发契机。如何沿袭中医药理论,采用近代专才奔献的资讯,促使含有成分复杂、轻微、杀灭效用平庸的无毒中药,超越于现存的剧毒制剂?先前只是期待与梦想,而今新局面将开创,只待临门一脚。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于提供一种环境卫生用途的中药复方,以及创新的淬取形式、科学的制备方法。就环境卫生中,达到杀灭或驱除蚊、蝇、蟑、虱、蚤、虱、等一般用途,还涵盖了杀灭多种细菌、霉菌、抑制病毒,让本发明的利用有预防流行、传染性疾病的目的。
本发明的另一目的,在于以事实突破“有毒才能杀虫、灭菌”的霸道模式,开启中医药温纯、王道的应用价值;以本发明或同类后继发明,取代敝多于利的剧毒制剂,从而保卫人类的安全与健康。
本发明一种园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,是至少包含有:皂荚、栝参、百部、鸦胆子、朴消,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
其中该乳化剂是以黄明胶或阿拉伯胶,加入松节油,特别是加入含有百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
其中还包含有华荠苧,该华荠苧包含上述的百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
其中还包含有芦荟。
其中是以具有杀虫菌效能的萆粉末为收取赋形药。
本发明一种园艺杀虫用制剂,其特征在于,每3000ml的浸液中,含有下列比例的中药精粉:皂荚80-120gm、栝参80-120gm、百部100-140gm、鸦胆子100-140gm、朴消30-120gm,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
其中浸液,是以下列比例的液态物所组配:蒸馏水60-80%、乙醇15-25%、甘油8-12%。
其中还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
其中该乳化剂是包含有黄明胶或阿拉伯胶40-60gm、松节油40-60ml、石荠苧蒸馏油30-50ml。
本发明一种园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,是备取皂荚、栝参、百部、鸦胆子的中药粉剂,入浸液作滤出作业,再进行乳化作业,加入朴消混合均匀。
其中每3000ml的浸液中,含有下列比例的中药精粉。皂荚80-120gm、栝参80-120gm、百部100-140gm、鸦胆子100-140gm、朴消30-120gm。
其中乳化作业中的乳化剂是包含有黄明胶或阿拉伯胶40-60gm、松节油40-60ml、石荠苧蒸馏油30-50ml。
其中浸液滤出作业中,将中药精粉于第1次入浸液1200ml,经朱磨机2-3次,浸2h滤出,第2次入浸液1000ml经2h滤出,第3次入蒸馏水1200ml浸4h再滤出,合三次滤液备用。
其中乳化作业中,是将黄明胶或阿拉伯胶50gm,混合松节油及石荠苧油各50ml,入胶质磨中高速研磨,然后取蒸馏水100ml一次加入,续研磨3-5分钟,反复3次;再加入浸液滤出后的滤液研磨3次。
其中乳化作业中,是将黄明胶或阿拉伯胶50gm,混合松节油及石荠苧油各50ml,入胶质磨中高速研磨,然后取蒸馏水100ml一次加入,续研磨3-5分钟,反复3次;再加入浸液滤出后的滤液研磨3次。
其中中药精粉还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
其中中药精粉还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
其中朴消混合作业中,是以加入朴消50gm,安息香酸3gm与乳化作业后浸液混合均匀,再经朱磨机研磨2-3次即成。
其中朴消混合作业中,是以加入朴消50gm,安息香酸3gm与乳化作业后浸液混合均匀,再经朱磨机研磨2-3次即成。
本发明一种环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,是至少包含有:皂荚、栝参、百部、鸦胆子、朴消,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
其中该乳化剂是以黄明胶或阿拉伯胶,加入松节油,特别是加入含有百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
其中还包含有华荠苧,该华荠苧包含上述的百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
其中还包含有芦荟。
其中是以具有杀虫菌效能的萆粉末为收取赋形药。
具体实施方式
为了达成本发明的上述目的,特为叙述本发明的“论据与应用“、“药物组配”、“制备方法”、“药理说明”、“使用范围与方法”、“注意事项”以及“药物详细说明”等。
“论据应用”
本发明的总体,是源自中医药“原理论及其创革”的实践;其内容的应用特征,还包括了“现代中药药理的实验”,“标的生物生存环境的正确概念”,并以镂刻出“杀灭的要件”;从而研发出创新的淬取形式、科学的制备方法等关键性技术;本发明的完成,全依赖此种缜密的步骤,故当宜依序略述如下:
有关细菌、病毒的科学研究,就现代、西洋的形式而言,是趋向于真实型状、寄生来源的追溯;中医药学则注重环境因素,以及对于人体的影响,其形式虽异,而终极目标则同。在中医固有典籍已充斥了处治细菌、病毒的有效记载,且一直沿用至今,只是它并不称的为细菌、病毒,而以风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火等六因之邪,以及它的混合状态为名。“湿热生虫”是中医常见的论调,故而在霉雨天气之后,多有曝晒衣、被、杂物者,目的在于蒸发掉物品的湿气,并由阳光以杀灭阴邪,所谓阴邪,就是现称的细菌。然而,此种论调外人多有不解,实难使信服;于是我们创革了新的论说(请参阅第2003-A-0685号著作,“中医药的锁与钥”第二篇)。说明了:“生物皆由动能、空隙、实质、湿度、气流、温度等六种素质所组成”。“细菌、病毒属于生物,亦是六大所组成,且缺一即告死亡”。“湿度与温度的配合,在空隙中能促使实质变生气体”。此衍生的气体中,包含了微细的实质体,其有害于其生物体者,即是病菌、病毒。随着“六大”含有比例的同异,致有千万种已定类或未定类的细菌、病毒名称。因此,自中医药杀虫、灭菌、抑制病毒的哲理言之,其策略重点是在于“六大组成”的内容与环境变化;换句话说,只要选择适当的药物,以它的有效成分(物势),促使立即转变(骤变)虫、菌、病毒体的“六大”,或阻断其“六大”之一,并且改变其衍生环境的气氛;则不论有毒、无毒,皆可达成杀灭的目标。
中华医药是数千年经验的累积,辛勤的结晶,自新中国成立后政府有鉴于此价值,且为了与现代科学接轨,一直致力于中药药理的实验,以及有关学术的整理、编辑,如今的成绩已蔚然可观。它提供予生技科研者宝贵的资讯,与应用的利便;在本发明中,亦采用了此种成分的分析,以及药理实验的结果与数据;在确知其中有效成分的状况下,自可在制备过程中,善加保护利用;且由于药理实验的可信度,亦足以补充研究设备的不足,提早完成发明要件。例如:吴茱萸煎剂体外对霍乱弧菌有较强的抑制作用,对绿脓杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌及一些常见的致病性真菌有一定的抑制作用。(郑武飞等,中华医学杂志,1952,38(4):315。)吴茱萸对感染歌伦比亚SK株病毒的小鼠,有抗病毒作用。(Chou SC,CA,1967,67:61622j)等等。
内服药的治病与环境中的杀灭病源,其处治的形式是不同的;采取外用喷洒形式的先,必须要具备清晰的概念,明白虫虱、细菌、病素宿存或流布在环境里的形势,才可能合理的予以杀灭或驱除。虫虱、细菌、病素在环境中有其共同的形势,均具有舒适的潜存掩体;设使撤除此掩体,置的于急劲气流或空旷阳光下,必顿失依辈而消失。此外,虫虱、虱的生衍,多处于阴暗角落、气流薄弱的阴湿地;细菌离开带菌动物后,多寄付在阳光不足的物质上;病毒亦从寄宿动物散布,再充斥于掩体内空气中。以生物体积而言,虫虱最大,细菌次的,以病毒最小;但它在环境中的散布力度则相反,以虫虱最小,细菌次的,以病毒最大;微细的细菌,尤其是病毒,常伴随空气而循环在掩体间,必要藉极微细、极浓密的物质,才能与的密切接触;此可追忆中国熏香的密度,及其挥发物,然而熏香的杀菌力有限,且与有毒制剂类似,容易造成人体的伤害。
环境中虫菌病毒害的杀灭,有其必然的要件,从谨慎选择、组配、测试药物的外,还要分析此杀灭要件;缘于标的物的微细,必要有更微细化的药物才能与的接触。接触后乃要具有可观的穿透力度;穿透后要立即变化标的物内容(六大),要具备有此等效力的药物,才算具备杀灭要件。此外,为了延长及加强药效的时间,仍须要促变掩体范围内的气氛,使之不适于标的物的生衍。
缘于前述理由,本发明乃各别测试药效,选择具备相乘效益的组配,不惮繁杂的淬取过程,使的达到微细化;且分离出多种的中药精油,使之经过乳化程序,降低油水间的表面、界面张力,折变成小球滴,转化为水溶性乳化剂,促使成为最微细、最具透入力度的剂型。此种新颖的乳化杀灭方式,另具促使药效翻转的机理,同时挥发油水溶的结果,可延缓挥发时间,在标的物的掩体范围内,呈现较长的、宜于人畜而不适于虫虱、细菌、病毒的气氛。
“药物组配”
环境卫生用的中药复方喷洒剂,是以下列经浓缩淬取的中药精粉,依其配比,浸入特殊浸液中,经微细研磨后滤出,再混合于乳化剂中制备而成。
(1)浓缩中药精粉及配比
木 通 80-120gm 百 部 80-120gm
扛板归 60-100gm 落地生根 50-90gm
吴茱萸 60-100gm 栝 参 研末为赋形药
(2)浸液及配比
蒸馏水 60-80% 甘油 8-12%
乙 醇 12-24%
(3)3000ml原液用的乳化药物量
阿拉伯胶 30-50gm
紫苏叶油 30-45ml
广霍香油 20-35ml
檀 香油 15-25ml
“制备方法”
(1)浓缩中药复方精粉600gm,第1次入浸液1200ml,经朱磨机(GOLDEN MILL)2-3次,浸经2h滤出;第2次入浸液1000ml经2h滤出;第3次入蒸馏水1000ml,经4h再滤出,合三次滤液备用。
(2)阿拉伯胶合紫苏、广藿香、檀香等油,依法制成乳化剂。再加入(1)的滤液,朱磨机研磨3次。
(3) 加入朴消、安息香酸及其他添加剂于(2)中,搅使均匀,再经朱磨机(GOLDEN MILL)研磨2-3次即成本发明制剂。
“药理说明”
1.木通:在体外有抑制伤寒、痢疾等革兰阴性杆菌,以及革兰阳性菌的作用。含甙皂元、皂甙可与他药成分产生相乘效果。
2.扛板归:抗亚洲甲型流感病毒和副流感I型病毒。煎剂对志贺、斯密茨、福氏和宋内痢疾杆菌有抗菌作用。对流感嗜血、伤寒、白喉、炭疽、大肠等杆菌,以及乙型链球菌等,有较强的抗菌作用。
3.吴茱萸:含多种植物碱;体外有杀虫、水蛭的药效,吴茱萸素对感染哥伦比亚SK株病毒有抗病毒作用。在体外对霍乱弧菌有较强的抑制作用;对绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,及一些常见的致病性真菌,有一定的抑制作用。
4.百部:含13种植物碱及6种有机酸类。可杀灭体虱、阴虱、蝇蛆、臭虫等多种昆虫,是显效的接触性杀虫药;能使虱虫卵难以孵化。并有抗病原微生物的效能。
5.落地生根:含多种有机酸,糖甙、甾醇及酮类成分。叶汁在5%(V/V)浓度时,对多种革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌,就具有广谱的杀菌作用;包括临床分离出的、多种具抗药性的细菌。
6.紫苏叶:紫苏煎剂在体外,对孤儿病毒有抑制作用。紫苏醛和水蓼二醛在抗真菌及抗革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌方面,有明显的协同作用,具有广谱抗菌作用。紫苏油对自然污染的黑曲霉菌、青霉菌、酵母菌也有明显的抑制作用。
7.广藿香:含广藿香醇、二醇,及多种烯类挥发油。体外对白色念珠菌、新型隐球菌、黑根霉菌等真菌有明显的抑制作用。对甲型溶血性链球菌,也有一定的抑制作用。
8.檀香:油中主要成分为倍半萜类化合物,α-和β-檀香萜醇占90%以上。有较强的抗菌作用。对痢疾杆菌、鸟型结核杆菌有抑制作用。
(详细载于药物说明)
“使用范围及方法”
1.本发明为水溶性喷雾剂,具有一定的杀虫、灭菌、抑制病毒效能。
A.杀虫方面包括:蚊、蝇、蟑、跳蚤、木虱、尘螨,及人畜体表的头虱、体虱、阴虱、狗虱,兼及虫虱卵体。
B.灭菌方面,包括了流感、流脑、肝炎、白喉、痢疾、伤寒、霍乱、炭疽等病菌,尤其是属于革兰阳性及阴性病菌,以及自然污染的黑曲霉菌、青霉菌等多种霉菌。
C.病毒方面包括亚洲甲型流感病毒和副流感I型病毒、哥伦比亚SK株病毒、孤儿病毒、肠病毒。
2.居家环境卫生的使用,可以手动喷雾瓶喷洒于厨房、客厅及其他房舍,尤其是阴湿、通风不良的角落,或是虫蚊虱虱聚集处;体虱、阴虱、头虱、狗虱可直接喷于患处。
3.医院、诊所、公共场场所,或遇细菌性、病毒性传染、流行期间,皆以电动喷雾于建筑物内角落、壁、柱、器具上,或阴湿角落。“注意事项”
1.本发明制剂的喷雾液,对人畜无害,沾染皮肤、口鼻、唇舌均无刺激性,少量沾染误入胃肠亦无妨,门窗关闭的喷雾间,人畜可留置,可正常呼吸。
2.本发明纯为外用杀虫、灭菌、抑制病毒的用途,严禁内服。误服后能引发胃肠症状以一般胃肠炎症治的可痊;或以生绿豆粉、生甘草粉、滑石粉各6gm,冷水调服3-6gm,使之轻泻即可。
3.本发明制剂宜贮存在阴凉干燥处,防止高温变质。
“附加说明事项”
1.本发明园艺用中药复方喷洒剂,是以浓缩淬取的量化中药精粉,在一定成分、比例的浸液中侵透滤出,再溶合特殊乳化剂中,制备而成。
2.本发明是以上述实施例的中药复方组成为最佳实施利,但该组成中的芦荟如不添加,亦可产生相当的效果,再者本发明复方的淬取,皆以具有杀虫菌效能的“萆”粉末为收取赋形药,但亦可采用其他药材为收取赋形药。
3.本发明制剂的再淬取浸液,其特征是以下列比例的液态物所组配。
4.蒸馏水60-80%、乙醇15-25%、甘油8-12%。
5.本发明制剂的特征是具备乳化过程,是以黄明胶或阿拉伯胶,加入松节油,特别是加入含有百里香酚(thymol)、香荆芥酚(Carvacrol)、对-聚伞花素(P-cymene)为主的中药挥发油,但亦可采用其他药材为乳化剂。
6.本发明制剂的另一特征,是在3000ml的原药液中,添加入朴消(硫酸钠)30-120gm。
7.本发明复方及制备特征,保留环境卫生用途的权利,亦即本发明复方及制备特征可喷洒用于居家环境中,用于保持环境卫生。
“药物说明资料表”
NO:1
中草药名称 | 木通 | 学名 | Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.) |
依据 | 中华本草第3册第329页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 白木通,主产于四川等地;秋冬季割取部份老藤,晒干或烘干,切片。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 木通12kg,水浸3小时,分二次煎取药液;蒸发水分使剩5公升流浸液,入栝参末2kg搅匀;60℃干燥,粉碎过120目筛为细末,收贮备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 藤茎含白桦脂醇,齐墩果酸,常春藤皂元,木通皂甙;此外尚含豆甾醇,β-谷甾醇,胡萝卜甙,肌醇,蔗糖及钾盐。 | ||
原记载药理作用 | 木通醇浸液(1∶20)在体外对革兰阳性菌及革兰阴性杆菌,如痢疾、伤寒等杆菌,均有抑制作用。(王岳,等,植物学报,1953,2(2):312。) |
NO:2
中草药名称 | 扛板归Gangvangai | 学名 | Polygonum perfoliatum L. |
产地、采收季节、部位 | 我国东南各省、福建、台湾多产。夏秋开花繁盛时,割取地上茎叶,晒半干,再阴干捆束。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 扛板归12kg,切寸断,水浸3小时,分二次煎集药液;蒸发水分使剩5公升流浸膏,入栝参末2kg搅匀;45℃干燥,粉碎过120目筛为细末,收贮备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 全草含山柰酚,咖啡酸甲酯,槲皮素,咖啡酸,原儿茶酸,皮素-3-B-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯,对香豆酸,阿魏酸,香草酸,熊果酸,白桦脂酸,还含有甾醇脂肪酸酯,植物甾醇B-D-葡萄糖甙,3,3’4,4’-四甲基并没食子酸3,3’-二甲基并没食子酸,内消旋酒石酸二甲酯,长链脂肪酸酯。另外还含有靛甙和鞣酸。 |
原记载药理作用 | 本品煎剂鸡胚外病毒试验,对亚洲甲型流感病毒和副流感I型病毒的抗病毒效价分别为1∶160和1∶640(马振亚,等。陕西新医药,1979.8(12):42)。煎剂对志贺、斯密茨、福氏和宋内痢疾杆菌的抗菌效价分别为1∶512,1∶128,1∶64和1∶15(李楚銮,等,福建中药,19605(7):310)。煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌,乙型链球菌,炭疽杆菌,白喉杆菌,枯草杆菌,大肠杆菌,伤寒杆菌,线脓杆菌及流感嗜血杆菌等,也有较强抗菌作用。(马振亚等,陕西新医药1979,8(12):42。全国中华药汇编上册第一版,1976:416)。 |
NO:3
中草药名称 | 吴茱萸Wuzhuyu | 学名 | Euodia rutaecorpa(juss.) |
依据 | 中华本草第4册第927页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 贵州、广西产量较大,湖南常德质量最佳。7-8月上旬,待果实呈茶绿色而心皮未分离时收,须在露水未干前采摘整串果穗,晒干揉去果柄。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 吴茱萸12kg,,洗净、水浸透,先以蒸馏法馏出挥发油贮备。再换入煮锅中水浸3小时,分二次煎取药液;蒸发水分使剩5公升流浸液,入栝参末2kg搅匀;45℃干燥,粉碎过120目筛为细末,均匀揉入挥发油,玻璃瓶收贮备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 种子含顺式-5,8-十四碳二烯酸,挥发油中有吴茱萸烯,吴茱萸内酯醇,柠檬栝素,果实中含吴茱萸碱,吴茱萸次碱等多种碱及烯、酮、胺酯等成分,此外,还含天冬氨酸等八种氨基酸。 | ||
原记载药理作用 | 吴朱萸煎剂体外对霍乱弧菌有较强的抑制作用,对绿浓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及一些常见的致病性真菌有一定的抑制作用。(郑武飞,等,中华医学杂志,1952,38(4):315。)吴茱萸素对感染哥伦比亚SK株病毒的小鼠,有抗病毒作用。(Chou S C.CA,1967,67:61622j)。吴茱萸水煎剂及醇和乙醚提取物,在体外能杀灭猪蛔虫、蚯蚓及水蛭。(吴云瑞,等,中华医学杂志,1948,34(10):437)。 |
NO:4
中草药名称 | 百部Baibu | 学名 | Stemona tuberosa Lour |
依据 | 中华本草第8册第189页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 对叶百部东南沿海各省,湖南、湖北、四川亦产,移栽3年采挖,于冬季地上部枯萎后、或春季萌芽前,挖出块根,除去细根、泥土,沸水中煮透,取出晒干或烘干。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 百部12kg切片,水浸3小时,分二次煎集药液,蒸发水分使剩5公升流浸膏,入栝参末2kg搅匀;60℃干燥,粉碎过120目筛为细末,收贮备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 对叶百部根含百部碱、对叶百部碱、异对叶百部碱等13种碱类;还含糖、脂类、蛋白质、灰分,以及草酸等6种酸类。 | ||
原记载药理作用 | 1.抗病原微生物。2.抗寄生虫;经专家体外试验表明,50%浓度的药液,可使蛲虫在20小时内全死。对叶百部碱能麻痹蛔虫的活动。3.杀灭昆虫,百部水浸液和醇浸液对体虱、阴虱均有杀灭作用,并使虱卵难以孵化。对蝇蛆、孑孓、臭虫、蚜、塓、地老虎等10余种害虫,均有接触性杀灭作用。 |
NO:5
中草药名称 | 落地生根Luodishenggen | 学名 | Luodishenggen BryophyllumPinnatum(L.f.) |
依据 | 中华本草第3册第752页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 分布于福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南等地。春夏采收最佳。多鲜用其叶片。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 取鲜叶、嫩茎36kg捣碎,入胶质磨(Colloid mill)中研磨,分3次滤取其原汁;置白铁盘中,移入“低温型气冷式干燥机”中,挥发水分至剩5公升浓液时,,入参末2kg搅匀再入低温干燥。粉碎过120目筛为细末,收贮备用。 |
有效成分 | 含顺式乌头酸,抗坏血酸,对香豆酸,阿魏酸,丁香酸,咖啡酸,对羟基苯甲酸和多种有机酸;还含槲皮素,山奈酚,槲皮素-3二阿拉伯糖甙,山奈酚-3-葡萄糖甙18α-齐墩果烷,ψ-蒲公英甾醇,β-香树脂醇乙酸酯,24-乙其-25羟基胆甾醉,α、β-香树脂醇,癸烯基菲,十一碳烯基菲,落地生根甾醇、酮、烯酮、醇。 |
原记载药理作用 | 落地生根叶汁在5%(V/V)浓度时,就对多种革兰阳性和阴性细菌具有广谱的杀菌作用,如金黄色葡萄球菌、酿脓链球菌、粪链球菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、克雷白杆菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、黏质沙雷菌和绿脓杆菌等,包括临床分离出的多种具有抗药性的细菌。(Obaselki E.Afr J MedSci,1985,14(3-4):199) |
NO:6
中草药名称 | 参Kushen | 学名 | Sophora flavescens Ait |
依据 | 中华本草第4册第634页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 全国各地有产;9-10月挖取全株,除去地上部分及芦头、须根,用刀分割成单根,洗去泥土,晒干或烘干。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 栝参12kg切片,浸润、切片、烘干。粉碎过120目筛为细粉,收贮备作赋形用。 | ||
有效成分原记载药理作用药理应用、 | 根中含栝参碱第13种生物碱,多种黄酮类混合物;此外,根中还含有二萜皂甙、大豆皂甙以及栝参醌。体外实验表明,1%栝参碱对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、乙型链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有较明显的抑菌作用。栝参总黄酮、乙醇提取物和总生物碱在体外对贾第虫有杀灭或抑制其生长的作用。以它特有的生物碱及皂甙,完成杀虫灭菌的作用。据发明 | ||
目的 | 人研究,观察20种杀虫灭菌浓缩中药粉,皆以淀粉为赋形药,同时、同处所、同包装,放置20年后,唯有栝参不蛀、不变质、无昆虫侵食,依旧保持完好的包装,可显见确具灭菌的药效。中草药名称 | ||
NO:7
中草药名称 | 紫苏叶Zisuye | 学名 | Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt. |
依据 | 中华本草第7册第115页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 广东、广西、湖北、所产者佳。7-8月枝叶茂盛时收割,摊在地上或悬于通风处阴干,再摘下叶片即可。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 紫苏叶12kg,置于蒸馏甑上压实,以蒸馏法分馏出挥发油,贮于可密闭的玻璃瓶中备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 叶含挥发油,主要成分有紫苏醛、柠檬烯、β-丁香烯,α-香柑油烯,及芳香樟醇等。还含紫苏醇-B-D-喃葡萄糖甙。紫苏甙,及1,2-亚甲二氧基-4-甲氧基-5-烯丙基-3-苯基-B-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。 | ||
原记载药理作用 | 紫苏叶蒸馏物有广谱抗菌作用,主要有效成分为紫苏醛。紫苏醛与水蓼二醛在抗真菌及抗革兰阳性和阴性细菌方面,有明显的协同作用。(Kang R.etal.CA,1912,117:2087762。)紫苏醛和柠檬醛对红色发癣菌、须发癣菌、硫黄样断发癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、术小孢子菌。及絮状表皮癣菌等有抗真菌作用。(本多义昭.等,生药学杂志(日),1984,38(1):127。)紫苏叶油对自然污染的黑曲霉菌、青霉菌、酵母菌也有明显抑制作用。(张子扬.等,中国中药杂志,1990,15(2):31。)紫苏煎剂(1∶20)在体外对孤儿病毒(ECHO11)有抑制作用。(新医药杂志,1973,(12):38。) |
NO:8乳化油剂
中草药名称 | 广藿香Guanhuoxiang | 学名 | PogostemonCablin(Blanco)Benth |
依据 | 中华本草第7册第130页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 主产广东、海南、台湾。8-11月收割,或分期收割,阳光下摊晒、待叶皱缩时,即移入室内分层重叠推积,盖稻草、压木板使紧实;让其发汗一夜,使枝叶变黄,次日再摊开日晒,再推闷,再晒至干。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 广藿香12kg,置于蒸馏甑上压实,以蒸馏法分馏出挥发油,贮于密闭玻璃瓶中备用。 |
有效成分 | 茎叶含挥发油,主要为广藿香醇、西车烯、α愈创木烯,δ-愈创木烯,即α-布藜烯,α-广藿香烯、广藿香酮,还含β-愈创木烯,β-榄香烯,β-丁香烯,δ-荜登茄烯及广藿香二醇。 |
原记载药理作用 | 广藿香酮体外对白色珠菌、新型隐球菌,黑根霉菌等真菌有明显的抑制作用,对甲型溶血性链球菌等也有一定的抑制作用。(杨赞喜.等,科学通报,1977,22(7):318。)广藿香酮能抑制青霉菌等霉菌的生长。(孔庭星.中草药,1984,15(3):16。) |
NO:9
中草药名称 | 檀香Tanxiang | 学名 | Santalum album L. |
依据 | 中华本草第2册第592页(中国上海科学技术出版社) | ||
产地、采收季节、部位 | 印度、印尼、马来西亚进口。 | ||
炮制、萃取过程、方法 | 选购自然黄色的市售的老檀香块,刨成木花,或细劈研成粗末;入蒸馏甑中压实,以蒸馏法分馏出檀香油,贮于密闭玻璃瓶中备用。 | ||
有效成分 | 檀香心材含挥发油,称为白檀香油,含量约为1.5%~5%。其中主成分为倍半萜类化合物,α-和β-檀香萜醇,占90%以上。 | ||
原记载药理作用 | α檀香醇和β檀香醇有较强的抗菌作用。体外檀香油的抑菌浓度为1∶64000-1∶128000,对痢疾杆菌亦有效;1∶32000浓度对鸟型结核杆菌有抑制作用。(Okazakik,etal.Ca,1953,47:7167g) |
Claims (24)
1.一种园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,是至少包含有:皂荚、栝参、百部、鸦胆子、朴消,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
2.依据权利要求1所述的园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中该乳化剂是以黄明胶或阿拉伯胶,加入松节油,特别是加入含有百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
3.依据权利要求2所述的园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中还包含有华荠苧,该华荠苧包含上述的百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
4.依据权利要求3所述的园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中还包含有芦荟。
5.依据权利要求4所述的园艺杀虫用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中是以具有杀虫菌效能的萆粉末为收取赋形药。
6.一种园艺杀虫用制剂,其特征在于,每3000ml的浸液中,含有下列比例的中药精粉:皂荚80-120gm、栝参80-120gm、百部100-140gm、鸦胆子100-140gm、朴消30-120gm,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
7.依据权利要求6所述的园艺杀虫用制剂,其特征在于,其中浸液,是以下列比例的液态物所组配:蒸馏水60-80%、乙醇15-25%、甘油8-12%。
8.依据权利要求6所述的园艺杀虫用制剂,其特征在于,其中还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
9.依据权利要求6所述的园艺杀虫用制剂,其特征在于,其中该乳化剂是包含有黄明胶或阿拉伯胶40-60gm、松节油40-60ml、石荠苧蒸馏油30-50ml。
10.一种园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,是备取皂荚、参、百部、鸦胆子的中药粉剂,入浸液作滤出作业,再进行乳化作业,加入朴消混合均匀。
11.依据权利要求10所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中每3000ml的浸液中,含有下列比例的中药精粉。皂荚80-120gm、栝参80-120gm、百部100-140gm、鸦胆子100-140gm、朴消30-120gm。
12.依据权利要求11所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中乳化作业中的乳化剂是包含有黄明胶或阿拉伯胶40-60gm、松节油40-60ml、石荠苧蒸馏油30-50ml。
13.依据权利要求11所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中浸液滤出作业中,将中药精粉于第1次入浸液1200ml,经朱磨机2-3次,浸2h滤出,第2次入浸液1000ml经2h滤出,第3次入蒸馏水1200ml浸4h再滤出,合三次滤液备用。
14.依据权利要求11所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中乳化作业中,是将黄明胶或阿拉伯胶50gm,混合松节油及石荠苧油各50ml,入胶质磨中高速研磨,然后取蒸馏水100ml-次加入,续研磨3-5分钟,反复3次;再加入浸液滤出后的滤液研磨3次。
15.依据权利要求13所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中乳化作业中,是将黄明胶或阿拉伯胶50gm,混合松节油及石荠苧油各50ml,入胶质磨中高速研磨,然后取蒸馏水100ml一次加入,续研磨3-5分钟,反复3次;再加入浸液滤出后的滤液研磨3次。
16.依据权利要求11所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中中药精粉还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
17.依据权利要求15所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中中药精粉还包含有芦荟60-100gm。
18.依据权利要求11所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中朴消混合作业中,是以加入朴消50gm,安息香酸3gm与乳化作业后浸液混合均匀,再经朱磨机研磨2-3次即成。
19.依据权利要求16所述的园艺杀虫用制剂的制造方法,其特征在于,其中朴消混合作业中,是以加入朴消50gm,安息香酸3gm与乳化作业后浸液混合均匀,再经朱磨机研磨2-3次即成。
20.一种环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,是至少包含有:皂荚、栝参、百部、鸦胆子、朴消,再溶合乳化剂中,制备而成。
21.依据权利要求20所述的环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,该乳化剂是以黄明胶或阿拉伯胶,加入松节油,特别是加入含有百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
22.依据权利要求21所述的环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中还包含有华荠苧,该华荠苧包含上述的百里香酚、香荆芥酚、对-聚伞花素为主的中药挥发油。
23.依据权利要求22所述的环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,其中还包含有芦荟。
24.依据权利要求23所述的环境卫生用的中药复方,其特征在于,是以具有杀虫菌效能的萆粉末为收取赋形药。
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CN114736734A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-12 | 上海澎研生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于垃圾除臭的复合玫瑰香精及其制备方法 |
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CN104855449A (zh) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-26 | 吴迪 | 一种防治棉铃虫的生物农药 |
EP3344041A1 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-07-11 | Evolva SA | Insect repellent |
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CN105288389A (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-03 | 赵连祺 | 治疗肺尘埃沉着症的制剂及制法 |
CN107737290B (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2020-10-30 | 清远市豪久药业有限责任公司 | 一种中药组合物、药物制剂及其应用 |
CN108785212B (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-07-02 | 上海澜海生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有抑菌和抗螨的中药复合物及其应用 |
CN111944349A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 北京七特丽装饰材料有限公司 | 含本草植物提取物的涂料、其制备方法及应用 |
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CN114736734A (zh) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-12 | 上海澎研生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于垃圾除臭的复合玫瑰香精及其制备方法 |
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