CN1550640A - 第二级透平叶片翼面 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种第二级叶片(22),它具有基本上与表I所设定的X、Y和Z的笛卡儿坐标值一致的翼型(23),其中X、Y和Z值为英寸值。Z表示垂直于通过发动机中线的平面并与之相距的英寸距离。X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定了在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部。在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型。X和Y距离和任选的Z距离作为相同常数或数值的函数是可以量度的,以便为叶片提供一个按比例放大或缩小的翼面部。由X、Y和Z距离值所给出的公称翼面位于±0.016英寸的包络面的范围内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于燃气透平级的透平叶片,更具体的是,涉及一种第二级透平叶片的翼形线。
背景技术
在透平叶片,特别是其翼面的设计和结构上有多种考虑,包括优化空气动力学效率及空气动力学和机械叶片载荷。此外,叶片翼面的设计还必须考虑与具有叶尖护罩的叶片翼面相关的潜在错位或接合问题。应当理解,透平中某些叶片设有在圆周方向沿着前缘和后缘相互圆周地接合的叶尖护罩。通常的,护罩上安装有一个密封件,该密封件和一个固定护罩一起密封弯路流经叶翼相对两侧的高压和低压区域之间的热气体。护罩还设于长而细的叶片上,通过护罩的相互接合以增加叶翼的强度。然而,气冷叶片、不同的热增长和扭曲有时使护罩相互之间只能形成不良的接合。也就是说,护罩的一边缘是径向向内邻近护罩的相对边缘上。相邻护罩之间缺乏理想的接合方式,并且不利的负载导致在接触点产生更高的应力。随着接触的损失或最小化,通过使用护罩以避免高循环疲劳的阻尼振动的益处也被最小化或丧失。比最优的叶尖护罩更少的接合,反而影响该叶尖护罩的蠕变寿命,并减少零件寿命。还应该理解,包括其翼面的单个叶片的破裂导致整个透平不能联机工作。这就会造成耗时而昂贵的维修,包括透平使用者储运损耗的花费。
发明内容
根据本发明优选的实施例,提供一种独特的透平叶片翼形线,更优选的是燃气透平的第二级的气冷叶尖护罩翼面。这种叶片翼形线可以充分提高护罩与护罩之间的接合,从而可显著增加零件的寿命并减少维修费用。此外,翼面减小了局部蠕变,并且在最终的翼面中提供了提高的HCF边界。叶片翼形线由一个为达到必需的效率、载荷和叶尖护罩接合的要求的独特的点轨迹形成。这些独特的点轨迹形成了在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围的公称翼形线,并按照其后表I笛卡儿坐标的X、Y和Z进行区别。表I所示的坐标值的点是冷温,即室温时在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内叶片翼面的不同横截面的翼形线。给定X、Y和Z坐标为距离尺寸,如以英寸为单位。X和Y的坐标值在各Z区域内相互平滑连接起来,以形成光滑连续的弓形叶翼形线部。Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的距离。各个在各Z距离处形成的叶翼形线部与相邻的叶翼形线部平滑连接,以形成完整的翼型。
可以理解,当每个叶片翼面在使用中变热时,因应力和温度作用的结果,形线会产生变化。因此,由X、Y和Z坐标给定用于加工目的的冷温或室温形线。因为制造的叶翼形线可能与下表所给出的公称叶翼形线有所不同,从公称形线沿法线方向到沿公称形线上的任一表面位置的距离加或减0.016英寸,其包括任何涂覆过程,形成了该叶片翼面的形线包络面。这种设计在不损害机械和空气动力学功能的情况下具有丰富的变化。
还应当理解,翼面可以在几何上按比例放大或缩小,以便在相似的透平设计中使用。因此,下面所给的公称翼形线的X和Y坐标英寸值是相同常数或数值的函数。也就是说,X、Y和任意Z坐标英寸值可以通过与这个相同常数或数值相乘或相除,来提供一个按比例放大或缩小的叶翼形线同时保留翼面部的形状。
在根据本发明的一个优选的实施例中,其提供一种包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面的透平叶片,该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称叶翼形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定了在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型。
在根据本发明的另一个的优选实施例中,其提供一种包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面的透平叶片,该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的无涂覆层的公称形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定了在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型,X和Y距离作为相同常数的函数是可以量度的,以便提供一个按比例放大或缩小的叶翼面。
在根据本发明的另一个优选实施例中,其提供一种包括具有多个叶片的叶轮的透平,每个叶片都包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面,该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定了在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型。
在根据本发明的另一个优选实施例中,其提供一种包括具有多个叶片的叶轮的透平,每个叶片都包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面,该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称剖面,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定了在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型,X和Y距离作为相同常数的函数是可以量度的,以便提供一个按比例放大或缩小的叶翼形线。
附图说明
图1是表示具有使用叶片和叶片翼面的第二级叶轮的透平的简化示意图;
图2示出了径向向内看时形成于叶片翼面上的护罩的端视图;
图3示出了有关叶片的一个优选实施例的侧视图;
图4A~4K是大致沿图3所示各线截取的各种剖视图;
图5是有关与图3中相似但从反面观察得到的叶片的正视图;
图6是从前缘观察叶片将出现在叶轮中时叶片的轴向视图;
图7是有关叶片的透视图;
图8是在未对准情况下相邻护罩之间接合的透视图;和
图9是未对准护罩的代表性示意图,如挤压的护罩。
具体实施方式
现在参看图1,示出了总体上由附图标记10表示的透平的一部分,在该透平中使用了一第二级透平叶片22,该叶片22具有如本文所述的翼型23。透平10包括一转子12,该转子12具有一级转子叶轮14、二级转子叶轮16和三级转子叶轮18,它们具有的叶片20、22和24分别与不同转子级的定子叶片26、28和30配合。以一个三级透平为例进行说明可以被较好地理解。
第二级包括叶轮16,其上固定有在轴向上与上游定子叶片28相对的叶片22。可以理解,多个叶片22一个接一个间隔开地呈圆周状分布在第二级叶轮16的周围,在该示例中有92个叶片固定在第二级叶轮16上。
现在参看图5和图6,示出了第二级叶轮的叶片22。每个叶片22都包括一安装在叶台32之上的叶片翼面30,该叶片还包括一根部34和一燕尾结合部36。在翼面30的叶尖附近是安装密封件40和切割齿42的护罩38。该护罩38位于与固定护罩径向相对的位置上,该固定护罩形成透平的部分固定壳体。密封件40设置成为位于透平热气路内的翼面的相对两侧的高压和低压区域之间提供密封。各个护罩上的切割齿42在固定的护罩内通常形成一更宽的槽,以允许经过密封件40存在轻微地泄漏流。
参看图2、图8和图9,护罩38在圆周方向上有分别与相邻护罩的前缘和后缘接合的前缘和后缘。护罩彼此间不是机械地一个连接到另一个上,而是成形为便于维持接合。已经发现,相邻护罩的前缘和后缘可能存在不利于零件寿命的不匹配的接合,这种不匹配在其他事情中也有。例如,护罩相对于彼此可能存在相互挤压的倾向。也就是说,一个护罩的后缘可能位于相邻护罩前缘的上面或反过来位于下面,如图8和9所示。叶片翼面对护罩接合有特别的作用,此处的翼型减小了局部蠕变,增加了翼面中的高循环疲劳边界,最终导致更高的零件寿命。
表I中所给的X、Y和Z值的笛卡儿(Cartesian)坐标系统形成了翼面30的形线。X、Y和Z坐标的坐标值在表I中以英寸值设定,尽管也可以使用其他尺寸单位。笛卡儿坐标系统具有X、Y和Z轴的正交关系。Z轴垂直于经过透平转子的旋转轴线的平面延伸,其法线方向向含有X和Y值的平面延伸。表I中Z坐标值代表了远离并垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面的距离的英寸值。X轴沿平行于透平转子中心线的方向延伸,而Y轴沿切线方向延伸。
通过沿与X和Y平面垂直的Z方向,在已选择的位置处形成X和Y坐标值,翼面40的形线就可以被确定下来。通过用光滑连续的弧线连接X和Y值,各Z距离上的各个形线部被固定下来。在各Z距离之间不同表面位置的表面形线由相互光滑连接的相邻形线部确定,从而形成翼型。这些值代表室温环境,即非工作或非热环境下的翼型,并且是无涂覆层的翼面。
表I中的值形成并表示为三位小数,用于确定翼面的形线。在实际翼面的形线中,还必须考虑通常的制造公差和涂覆。因此,表I所给的形线值为公称翼面。由此可以理解,±通常的制造公差,也就是±值,包括任何涂覆厚度被附加到下述表I所给的X和Y值上。因此,沿叶翼形线任何表面位置的法线方向的距离±0.016英寸就形成了特殊的叶片翼面设计和透平的叶翼形线包络面。
下述表I所给的坐标值提供了翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的优选公称形线包络面。
表I
同样可以理解,上表所公开的翼面可以被几何地按比例放大或缩小,以便用在其他相似的透平设计中。因此,表I所设定的坐标值可以被按比例放大或缩小,以致于翼面部的形状保持不变。表I中坐标的比例大小将由X、Y和任选的Z坐标值,与相同常数或数值相乘或相除来表示。
虽然本发明结合目前考虑到的最实用和优选的实施例得到了描述,但是应当理解,本发明并不仅限于所公开的实施例中,相反,应当是试图包括在本发明精神实质和所附权利要求书范围内的各种修改和等同设计。
第二级透平叶片翼面
零部件清单
透平10
转子12
第一级叶轮14
第二级叶轮16
第三级叶轮18
透平叶片20,22,24
翼型面形线23
定子叶片26,28,30
叶台32
叶根34
燕尾结合部36
护罩38
密封件40
刀齿42
Claims (13)
1.一种透平叶片(22),它包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面(23),所述翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿(Cartesin)坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型。
2.如权利要求1所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,其形成一透平的第二级的一部分。
3.如权利要求1所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,所述翼型位于沿任一翼面表面位置的法线方向±0.016英寸的包络面中。
4.如权利要求1所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,翼面具有邻近翼面的叶尖的护罩(38)。
5.一种透平叶片(22),它包括一具有翼型的叶片翼面(23),所述翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内无涂覆层的公称翼面形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型,X和Y距离作为相同常数的函数是可以量度的,以提供一个按比例放大或缩小的叶翼形线。
6.如权利要求5所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,形成一透平的第二级的一部分。
7.如权利要求5所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,所述翼型位于沿任一翼面表面位置的法线方向±0.016英寸的包络面中。
8.如权利要求5所述的透平叶片,其特征在于,翼面具有邻近翼面的叶尖的护罩(38)。
9.一种透平,它包括具有多个叶片(22)的叶轮,每个所述叶片都包括具有翼型的叶片翼面(23),该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称翼面形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型。
10.如权利要求9所述的透平,其特征在于,透平叶轮包括一第二级透平。
11.如权利要求9所述的透平,其特征在于,透平叶轮包括一第二级透平,每个所述翼型都位于沿任一翼面表面位置的法线方向±0.016英寸的包络面中。
12.如权利要求9所述的透平,其特征在于,透平叶轮包括一第二级透平,所述透平叶轮有92个叶片,并且X表示平行于透平的旋转轴线方向的距离。
13.一种透平,它包括具有多个叶片(22)的叶轮(16),每个所述叶片都包括具有翼型的叶片翼面(23),该翼面具有在翼面高度10~90%跨度范围内的公称形线,基本上与表I中设定的笛卡儿坐标X、Y和Z值一致,其中Z坐标值为垂直于经过透平的旋转轴线的平面并与之离开的英寸距离,其中,X、Y是英寸距离,当用平滑连续的弧线连接时,该距离限定在各Z距离处的各叶翼形线部,在Z距离处,各叶翼形线部相互平滑连接以形成完整的翼型,X和Y距离作为相同常数的函数是可以量度的,以提供一个按比例放大或缩小的叶翼形线。
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US10/430,326 US6832897B2 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Second stage turbine bucket airfoil |
US10/430326 | 2003-05-07 |
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CN100347409C CN100347409C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
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JP (1) | JP2004332738A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100863846B1 (zh) |
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