CN1549785A - 用于为飞机乘客配给富氧空气的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据本发明,在飞机从一个正常的巡航高度下降到一个中间临时高度的期间,将来自独立供给装置,特别是高压圆筒(16)的一个第一部分富氧空气供给给乘客。而且,使用飞机自身的压缩空气源中的压缩空气以(在2中)产生一个第二部分所述富氧空气,该第二部分富氧空气在位于接近5500米以上的临时高度的高度时,至少在飞机的一个大致稳定飞行期间被配给给乘客。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为飞机,尤其是商用客机的乘客配给富氧空气的方法和装置。
背景技术
在高空中,当飞机里出现意外的座舱减压时,飞机里面的人(乘客和机务人员)必须迅速地吸入富氧空气以避免由于氧气分压的突然减少而引起的缺氧。
为了达到这一目的,提供输送富氧空气的独立装置是已知的。这些装置可以是贮备有纯氧气的高压瓶。可选地,可以由化学氧气发生器产生纯氧气。
从输送装置经过面罩配给氧气给乘客。该面罩允许配给给乘客的氧气与周围的空气混合。所述配给在飞机重新回到3000米左右的低飞行高度时停止,从大约12500米的巡航高度开始,在大概15分钟内可以达到所述高度。
然而,该已知方案有一些缺陷。
特别是,如果在降压情况下,飞机必须重新回到一接近3000米的较低高度,必须在油箱中装额外的燃料。这是因为在高度低时飞机的耗油量由于空气阻力较大而增加。但是很容易意识到,携带额外的燃料大大增加了飞机的重量。
本发明的目的是执行一种能够克服所述缺陷的用于配给富氧空气的方法。
发明内容
为了达到这一目的,本发明的主题是一种用于为飞机的乘客配给富氧空气的方法,其中,当飞机在巡航高度和临时高度(diversion altitude)之间下降时,一个第一部分富氧空气从一个独立源输送给乘客,并且从接近临时高度时开始,至少在飞机的一个大致稳定飞行期间,一个机载的分离器产生输送给乘客的一个第二部分富氧空气。
本发明可以实现上述目的。
这是因为,根据本发明,所述机载的分离器可以在一段非常长的时间内从飞机自身的压缩空气源中产生富氧空气。因而不仅可以在飞机的下降期间还可以在其临时飞行(高度)期间为乘客提供富氧空气。
因而很容易意识到,临时高度因此比在先技术中采用的方案高很多。由于本发明的方法,可以计划5500米以上的临时(高度)飞行,有利地,在6000到8000米之间,使得可以避开地面上的大部分多山地区。与采用在先技术的方法比较,这一临时高度(在在先技术中)将需要大小和重量难以接受的输送装置,例如瓶或发生器。
此外,由于本发明,飞机油箱中有必要提供的贮备燃料的数量将大大减少。这是因为和要求到达低得多的高度的在先技术相比,本发明允许的临时高度明显地减少了燃料消耗。因此,减少大量额外的燃料相应地减少了飞机的重量以及它的耗油量。而且,减少飞机上的燃料容量使飞机可以载更多的人员和行李,这在经济上是有利的。
在本发明允许高临时高度的情况下,如上述,它允许飞机设想新的飞越多山地区的飞行路管线。这一可能性只要能导致飞行时间减少便是有利的。当飞机经过其高度比在先技术中允许的临时高度更大的地域时,上文提到的飞行路管线在目前是被排除了的。
最后,本发明可以完全省却携带大量氧气瓶或尺寸过大的机载的氧气发生器。这确保了飞机的重量减少并且大大减少了飞机失火时的爆炸危险。
本发明的主题还是一种为飞机乘客配给富氧空气的装置,它包括一个第一富氧空气部分的独立源,用于产生一个第二富氧空气部分的机载装置,用于将所述第一和第二富氧空气部分输送给乘客的装置,和用于顺序将第一和第二富氧空气部分的各分流分配给输送装置20,22,23的装置14。
附图说明
下面将参考唯一的附图仅通过非限制性示例详细描述本发明,该图是一个示意性视图,它说明了一种根据本发明的富氧空气配给装置的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图中所示的配给装置包括一个已知类型的氧气分离器或浓缩器(concentrator),它总体由标号2表示。使包含在空气中的氧气和氮气分离的该浓缩器一般使用本身已知的分子筛,尤其是沸石。作为输出,该浓缩器在低压下输送具有有利地为60%至95%、典型地在80%至93%之间的氧气浓度的富氧空气,所述低压通常在1.5至2.5巴相对压力之间。
所述浓缩器2通过一根设置有一个过滤器6的管线4连接到飞机内部的压缩空气源7。这一气源例如由飞机的空调循环形成,或者由喷气发动机的压缩阶段的流出(气体)形成。
所示浓缩器2包括一根输出管线8和一根管线10,其中,富氮空气从管线8流出,富氧空气在管线10里流动。所述管线10设置有一个传感器12以监测流过那里的富氧空气的氧气浓度。
在所示实施例中,管线10进入一个通过一根管线16连接到一排气瓶18上的三通阀14。该气瓶通常贮备有高压的纯氧气,该高压在110巴相对压力之上,通常在120至150巴之间。如果有必要,所述气瓶可以增加化学氧气发生器(未示出),这些氧气发生器也是已知的类型。所述管线16包括至少一个调节器/减压器(未示出)以在降低的压力下将氧气输送到管线20,该降低的压力在3巴相对压力之下。
三通阀14的输出由一沿飞机座舱布置的配给管线20形成并且分为几个分支管线22,每个分支管线都可以为乘客提供氧气面罩23。所述管线20配备有压力调节器24,该调节器允许空气均匀地配给进入所有分支管线22。
最后,设置有一个与一个致动装置(未示出)配合的高度传高器26,该传感器可以经过管线28致动阀14。作为一个变型,所述高度传感器可以由一个压力传感器代替或与该压力传感器一起作用。
下面将说明上述本装置的操作。
在巡航高度,例如大约12500米,处于停机状态的浓缩器2或所述瓶18没有给所述管线20供给(气体)。
当降压事故发生时,通常有一个信号发送给飞行员。然后飞行员立即打开瓶18以将富氧空气从管线16经过所述三通阀14供给给管线20。这确保一个第一部分富氧空气能够通过在氧气面罩23处终止的分支管线22立即配给给乘客。
而且,飞行员同时开启氧气浓缩器2,这需要几分钟的启动时间。在该启动时间里,假使三通阀只与管线16连接而没有与管线10连接,则有必要提供一个出口以排出最初由浓缩器产生的空气。这一排出/排气(图中未示出)可以在三通阀14中,或者在三通阀的上游即供给管线10里。
当达到计划的中间临时高度-通常为5000米以上,有利地,在6000米和8000米之间-时,所述传感器26使三通阀14切换,然后该阀通过管线10使管线20与浓缩器2相连接。这样,通过供给管线20和它的分支管线22,所述面罩接收由浓缩器输送的一个第二部分富氧空气。
所述第二部分具有一个较高的氧气浓度,该浓度在60%至95%之间,有利地,在80%至93%之间。为了根据临时飞行的高度恢复合适的氧气浓度(在5500米高度时为26%和8000米高度时为40%之间),当飞机里面的人吸入所述空气时,该空气已由面罩23周围的空气稀释,这避免了必须由浓缩器输送大量的气体。
一旦氧气面罩23已经由浓缩器供给,便可以在已选定的临时高度继续飞行一段时间,该时间仅受由煤油限定的飞机行程的限制。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于为飞机乘客配给富氧空气的方法,其中,当飞机在巡航高度和临时高度之间下降时,一个第一部分富氧空气从一个独立源输送给乘客,并且从接近临时高度时开始,至少在飞机的一个大致稳定飞行期间,一个机载的分离器产生输送给乘客的一个第二部分富氧空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述临时高度在5500米以上。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述临时高度在6000米至8000米之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二部分富氧空气具有60%至95%之间的氧气浓度并且在1.5至2.5巴相对压力下产生。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在一个设置有分子筛的浓缩器(2)里产生所述第二富氧空气部分。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述独立源包括其压力在110巴相对压力以上的氧气。
7.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在以临时高度飞行的期间,所述第一富氧空气部分实际上不再输送给乘客。
8.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,仅在所述下降期间输送第一富氧空气部分并且仅在基本上稳定飞行期间输送第二富氧空气部分。
9.一种为飞机的乘客配给富氧空气的装置,包括一个第一富氧空气部分的独立源(18),用于产生一个第二富氧空气部分的机载装置(2),用于将所述第一和第二富氧空气部分输送给乘客的装置(20,22,23),和用于顺序将第一和第二富氧空气部分的各分流分配给输送装置(20,22,23)的装置(14)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述配给装置包括一个连接到所述独立源(18)上的第一入口,一个连接到产生装置(2)上的第二入口和一个连接到所述输送装置(20-23)上的出口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述配给装置包括一个三通阀(14)。
12.根据权利要求9至11中的任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,它包括用于配给装置(14)的对控制压力灵敏的装置(26)。
13.根据权利要求9至12中的任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述产生装置包括一个设置有分子筛的浓缩器(2)。
14.根据权利要求9至13中的任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,调节装置包括一个三通阀(14)。
15.根据权利要求9至14中的任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,独立源包括加压氧气瓶(18)。
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FR0104569A FR2823180B1 (fr) | 2001-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Procede et installation de distribution d'air enrichi en oxygene aux occupants d'un aeronef |
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EP (1) | EP1377502B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4173008B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100445168C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE438564T1 (zh) |
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Cited By (12)
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CN101511432B (zh) * | 2006-07-12 | 2012-04-04 | 联合技术公司 | 为航空器机组人员和乘客提供氧气的呼吸气体供应系统 |
CN101437580B (zh) * | 2006-04-26 | 2012-05-16 | 联合技术公司 | 在飞机中递送氧气的系统 |
CN101616716B (zh) * | 2006-12-05 | 2012-05-23 | 联合技术公司 | 为飞机机组人员和乘客提供氧气的呼吸气体供应回路 |
CN101304785B (zh) * | 2005-11-09 | 2012-06-27 | 联合技术公司 | 用于机组人员的供氧循环装置 |
CN101426554B (zh) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-06-27 | 联合技术公司 | 用于空勤人员的呼吸装置 |
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- 2002-02-01 DE DE60233213T patent/DE60233213D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-01 AT AT02701376T patent/ATE438564T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-01 CA CA002440861A patent/CA2440861A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-01 BR BR0208403-1A patent/BR0208403A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-01 WO PCT/FR2002/000389 patent/WO2002081306A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2002-02-01 CN CNB028072243A patent/CN100445168C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-01 ES ES02701376T patent/ES2331114T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-01 JP JP2002579309A patent/JP4173008B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN101304785B (zh) * | 2005-11-09 | 2012-06-27 | 联合技术公司 | 用于机组人员的供氧循环装置 |
CN101426554B (zh) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-06-27 | 联合技术公司 | 用于空勤人员的呼吸装置 |
CN101437580B (zh) * | 2006-04-26 | 2012-05-16 | 联合技术公司 | 在飞机中递送氧气的系统 |
CN101511432B (zh) * | 2006-07-12 | 2012-04-04 | 联合技术公司 | 为航空器机组人员和乘客提供氧气的呼吸气体供应系统 |
CN101616716B (zh) * | 2006-12-05 | 2012-05-23 | 联合技术公司 | 为飞机机组人员和乘客提供氧气的呼吸气体供应回路 |
CN103269753A (zh) * | 2010-09-23 | 2013-08-28 | 联合技术公司 | 在航空器中传递呼吸气体的氧气调节器 |
CN103269753B (zh) * | 2010-09-23 | 2015-08-19 | 佐迪埃克航空技术公司 | 在航空器中传递呼吸气体的氧气调节器 |
CN103507958A (zh) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-01-15 | 联合技术公司 | 集成在psu/紧急氧气装置中的乘客阅读灯 |
CN105727405A (zh) * | 2016-01-30 | 2016-07-06 | 成都康拓兴业科技有限责任公司 | 机载分子筛氧气系统 |
CN105727405B (zh) * | 2016-01-30 | 2018-10-23 | 成都康拓兴业科技有限责任公司 | 机载分子筛氧气系统 |
CN107521699A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-29 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 一种可蓄氧的分子筛供氧系统 |
CN111207967A (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-29 | 安徽建筑大学 | 一种用于机载膜分离器的富氮气体氧浓度检测装置 |
CN111239337A (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 安徽建筑大学 | 一种用于机载分离器的富氧空气氧浓度检测结构 |
CN111239337B (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-11-13 | 安徽建筑大学 | 一种用于机载分离器的富氧空气氧浓度检测结构 |
CN113911369A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-01-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | 一种飞机座舱内集成供氧装置 |
CN113911369B (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-08-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | 一种飞机座舱内集成供氧装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040099271A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
EP1377502B1 (fr) | 2009-08-05 |
EP1377502A1 (fr) | 2004-01-07 |
ATE438564T1 (de) | 2009-08-15 |
US6948498B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 |
BR0208403A (pt) | 2004-03-30 |
DE60233213D1 (de) | 2009-09-17 |
US20020144679A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
FR2823180A1 (fr) | 2002-10-11 |
CN100445168C (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
ES2331114T3 (es) | 2009-12-22 |
WO2002081306A1 (fr) | 2002-10-17 |
JP2004523327A (ja) | 2004-08-05 |
JP4173008B2 (ja) | 2008-10-29 |
US6701923B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
CA2440861A1 (fr) | 2002-10-17 |
FR2823180B1 (fr) | 2003-07-25 |
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