CN1538556A - 可调多频带天线 - Google Patents

可调多频带天线 Download PDF

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CN1538556A
CN1538556A CNA2004100343915A CN200410034391A CN1538556A CN 1538556 A CN1538556 A CN 1538556A CN A2004100343915 A CNA2004100343915 A CN A2004100343915A CN 200410034391 A CN200410034391 A CN 200410034391A CN 1538556 A CN1538556 A CN 1538556A
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antenna
switch
filter
band
short
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CN100411245C (zh
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Z・米洛萨夫列维奇
Z·米洛萨夫列维奇
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Pulse Finland Oy
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FIRTRONIC LK Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

Abstract

一种特别在移动终端中适用的可调多频带天线,在这种天线的结构中,有利地在电介质零件的表面上放置有与辐射平面(422)有明显电磁耦合的导电元件(430)。该布置还包括滤波器(440)和开关(SW),以致可以在出口处把寄生导电元件经过滤波器连接到连接地平面的终端元件。这个终端元件是纯短路或电抗元件。要求被移动的天线工作频带处在滤波器的通带上,要求不受影响的另一个天线工作频带处在滤波器的阻带中。控制开关使得对应例如较高工作频带的天线部分的从短路点测量的电长度改变,在这种情况下谐振频率也改变并频带被移动。只天线的一个工作频带受影响,因为在其它工作频带上从寄生元件向地“视为”高阻抗,尽管开关是闭合的。

Description

可调多频带天线
技术领域
本发明涉及可调多频带平面天线,尤其是移动终端中的可调多频带平面天线。本发明进而涉及配备这种天线的无线电设备。
背景技术
在此说明中天线可调性意指可以电气上改变天线的谐振频率或频率。目的是,围绕谐振频率的天线工作频带总覆盖在一定时间功能指望的频率范围。关于可调性有不同的原因。如手提无线电设备,像移动终端,也在变得更小厚度样子,内部平面天线的辐射平面和接地平面之间的距离不可避免地变得更短。缩小所说距离的缺点是,天线的带宽在变得更小。那么,如为按照具有互相比较靠近的频率范围的不同无线电系统起作用来设计一个移动终端那样,覆盖多于一个的无线电系统所使用的所说频率范围变得更困难或不可能。这样的一对系统,例如,是GSM1800(移动通信全球系统)和GSM1900。因此,保证既符合单独系统的发送频带又符合接收频带的功能会变得更困难。从无线电连接质量上来看,如果能在一定时间使用在分波段内调谐天线谐振频率,当系统使用分波段划分时是有利的。
按照这里说明的本发明,天线的调整由开关来执行。为此目的利用开关是如这样所众所周知。美国专利公布US 6,255,994公开了在辐射平面和接地平面之间具有两个短路导体的PIFA式天线(平面倒F-天线)。可以将第一个短路导体经电抗元件或直接用双向开关连接到接地平面。可以将第二个短路导体连接到接地平面或者可以用闭合开关让其连接。通过控制这些开关,可以为工作频带选择三个替换位置之一。这种解决办法的缺点是,它只设计用于一个频带天线。此外,与通常的PIFA比较,该结构包括一个附加的短路导体连同它的装置,造成额外的天线制造成本。
图1a、1b、2和3展现的解决方法从申请公布FI20021555获知。解决方法的基础是,寄生导电元件连接到地。在图1a上有天线100,它的辐射平面120是小天线电路板105表面上的导电层。天线电路板由电介质构件181、182支撑在无线电设备的电路板101上面。电路板101的上表面主要是起天线的接地平面110和同时作为信号接地GND导电作用。在短路点S天线的短路导体111连结到辐射平面120,在馈送点F馈送导体112连结到辐射平面120。天线则是PIFA。它是具有较高和较低工作频带的双频带天线。它的第一槽隙125从辐射平面的边缘在短路点外开始,借助这个槽隙配置辐射平面的电长度与较低工作频带一致。辐射的第二槽隙126形成较高工作频带。辐射槽隙126从辐射平面120的边缘开始,在馈送点和短路点之间通过。
在天线电路板105的下表面有导电带130,在图1a上用虚线划出。与第一和第二槽隙开端所在侧相比这个导电带设置在矩形电路板105的相对侧。导电带130在辐射导电表面的下面,延伸到辐射槽隙126闭端的下面。导电带的面积是如此大,以致它与辐射平面120具有明显耦合。导电带又是天线中的寄生元件。导电带130被一个导体连接到设置在无线电设备电路板101上的开关SW的第一端。开关SW的第二端被直接连接到接地平面。可以用控制信号CO使开关端互相连接或者互相分开。当第一端连接到第二端,即开关闭合时,导电带连接到接地平面。在这种情况下,导电带在磁场占优势的谐振器的闭端产生基于第二槽隙126的谐振器中的附加电容。这造成槽隙辐射器的电长度变短和谐振频率升高。当开关SW闭合时,关于辐射导电元件,它成为相反:它的电长度增加和谐振频率降低。
图1b展现在下面看到的天线电路板105。现在,在天线电路板表面上看到导电带130。用虚线划出辐射平面的槽隙125、126。开关SW和信号地用图标表示。
在图2上也有双频带PIFA。它的基本结构与图1a上表示的结构如此不同,以致两个工作频带都基于导电辐射器。为此原因,辐射平面220具有槽隙225,它从邻接短路点S的平面边缘开始,在平面的内部区域终止。槽隙225具有这样的形状,以致使辐射平面从短路点看被分成两个分支。第一个分支221沿平面边缘而行并围绕第二个较短分支222。第一个分支与接地平面一起在天线的较低工作频带内谐振,第二个分支与接地平面一起在较高工作频带谐振。辐射平面220是相当刚性的导电板或金属片,由电介质框架280支撑到辐射平面下面的无线电设备的电路板201上。电路板201的上导电表面起天线的接地平面210的作用并同时起信号地GND的作用,如图1a上那样。短路导体211和馈送导体212是弹簧接触型式并与辐射平面是同一件。
在图2上,寄生元件230被安装在否则提供在设置馈送导体和短路导体的天线那侧的电介质框架280的垂直外表面上。在这种情况下,导电带230是在第一分支221的电气上最外部位置下面,由于这个原因,导电带在天线的较低工作频带区比在天线的较高工作频带区更强地起作用。图2上的开关装置只用图标表示。寄生元件230连接到开关SW,开关SW的第二端经过具有阻抗X的结构零件连接到代替纯导体的信号地。如果只通过选择寄生元件的位置不能获得要求的工作频带的移动,可以利用该阻抗。该阻抗是电抗,或纯电感的或纯电容的;由于电阻部分引起的损耗它是毫无可能的。
图3表示在上述结构中寄生元件对天线工作频带影响的例子。工作频带从天线的反射系数S11曲线出现。曲线31表示当寄生导电带未连接到地时作为频率函数的反射系数的改变;曲线32表示当导电带连接到地时作为频率函数的反射系数的改变。当比较曲线时,会看出,在频率轴上较低工作频带向下移,较高工作频带向上移。对于开始的较低频带的频率f1或中间频率是,例如900MHz,它的移动Δf1是,例如-20MHz。对于开始的较高频带的频率f2或中心频率是,例如1.73GHz,它的移动Δf2是,例如+70MHz。
在如图1a和2所示的这样结构中,利用小的附加部件获得多频带天线的调整,这并不假定天线基本结构的变化。寄生元件被放置在电介质零件的表面,它在任何情况下在天线结构中是需要的。例如在双频带天线中寄生元件的影响可以是指向较低和较高工作频带,或者也只指向较低工作频带。然而缺点是,只把影响指向较高工作频带在实践中是不成功的。较低工作频带也被移动,尽管努力避免这种情况。上述图3实际上恰代表这样情况。另一个缺点是,信号的损耗在较低频带如此增加,以致在较低频带的天线效率减少,例如从0.5到0.4。
发明内容
本发明的目的是减轻与现有技术有关的上述缺点。一种按照本发明的可调多频带天线的是以独立权利要求1中所明确说明的为特征。一种按照本发明的无线电设备是以独立权利要求9中所明确说明的为特征。本发明的一些有利的实施例在从属权利要求中被给出。
本发明的基本概念如下:在PIFA型式天线的结构中,在电介质零件的表面有利地放置有与辐射平面有明显电磁耦合的导电元件。该布置还如此包括滤波器和开关,使得寄生导电元件在出口处(atissue)能经过滤波器被连接到一个连接到接地平面的终端元件。这个终端元件是纯短路或电抗元件。要求被移动的天线工作频带位于滤波器的通带中,要求不被影响的另一个工作频带位于滤波器的阻带。控制开关使得从对应,例如,较高工作频带的天线部分的短路点测量的电长度改变,在这种情况下,谐振频率也改变并频带被移动。
本发明的优点是,通过控制开关只影响天线的一个工作频带。这是由于,关于其它工作频带,因为滤波器,从寄生元件向地看到高阻抗,尽管开关会被闭合但它“视为”高阻抗。本发明的另外优点是,闭合开关不损坏天线的匹配和所说的其它工作频带的效率。本发明的再一个优点是,可以比没有滤波器更自由地寻求对寄生元件有利的地方。本发明的再一个优点是,可以比没有滤波器更自由地设计调整电路。本发明的再一个优点是,经过开关电路的静电放电(ESD)可能性较低。
附图说明
下面详细说明本发明。将参照附图。在这些附图中,
图1a表示按照现有技术的可调天线的一个例子;
图1b表示在下面看的图1a天线的天线电路板;
图2表示按照现有技术的可调天线的第二个例子;
图3表示按照现有技术的装置对天线工作频带影响的例子;
图4表示本发明原理;
图5表示在按照本发明的天线中包含的滤波的例子;
图6表示按照本发明的天线的工作频带移动的例子;
图7表示按照本发明的天线的效率的例子;
图8a、b表示按照本发明的可调天线的效率的例子;
图9表示配备有按照本发明的天线的无线电设备的例子。
具体实施方式
图4给出表示本发明原理的结构。只辐射平面的一部分422从天线底座结构划出。除了底座结构外,天线结构还包括具有寄生元件430、滤波器440、开关SW和终端元件TE的调整电路。寄生元件与辐射平面的部分422有明显的电磁耦合,并通过短路传输线连接到滤波器440的输入口。滤波器的输出口通过第二短路传输线连接到双向开关SW,输出口的“热端”连接到开关SW的第一端。通过控制开关,可以将第一端不是连接到开关SW的第二端就是第三端。第二端固定地连接到第三短路传输线的一个导体453。在第3传输线的相对端是其阻抗X是电抗性的终端元件TE。在最普通的具体情况下,阻抗X是零电感的电抗,例如,纯短路。利用一些其它的电容性或电感性电抗,可以如要求的那样调整工作频带的移动。开关的第三端固定地连接到第四短路传输线的一个导体454,该短路传输线在相对端是开路的。
当双向开关SW连接滤波器到开路传输线时,在所有频率上都有从寄生元件经过滤波器和开关到地的高阻抗,其中从辐射平面经过寄生元件到地提供的阻抗在所有频率上也都是高的。在这种情况下,图4的布置对天线功能无实际影响。当开关SW连接滤波器到短路传输线时,在滤波器通带频率上从寄生元件到地有相对低的电抗性阻抗。在这种情况下,天线电长度改变,工作频带相应地移动。当滤波器连接到短路传输线时,在滤波器阻带的频率从寄生元件到地的阻抗也相对高。在天线的位于阻带的工作频带,开关状态的改变不引起任何天线的电长度改变,在这种情况下不移动工作频带。
在图4上把所说的传输线的特性阻抗标记为Z0。当需要时,与从开关到终端元件的导体串联有一个导体,它防止直流电路经过开关。在射频频率电容器没有任何作用。在图4上开关SW被划为双向开关或SPDT开关(单刀双掷)。它也可以是用于连接替换终端电抗之一的闭合开关或SPnT开关(单刀n掷)。
图5表示要被用于按照本发明的天线的滤波器的例子。滤波器540是三阶无源高通滤波器。因此,它这样依次具有第一电容器C1、线圈L和第二电容器C2,使得电容器串联,线圈L连接在它们之间到地。当滤波器在使用时,阻抗Z1在它的向着馈送源的输入起作用,阻抗Z2在它的输出起作用。
按照图5的滤波器适于在双频带天线中使用,双频带天线的较高工作频带必须是这样可移动的,以致移动不影响较低工作频带。在这种情况下,安排高通滤波器的截止频率在工作频带之间。如果,例如,较低工作频带是对于GSM900,较高工作频带是既对于GSM1800又对于PCS1900(个人通信业务),滤波器的适当截止频率是1.5GHz。在这种情况下,滤波器中的衰减在较高频带低,在较低频带高。如果在较高频带的可允许衰减是例如0.5dB并选择契比雪夫(Chebyshev)近似,在较低频带的衰减将大约是13dB。如果阻抗水平是50Ω,例如上述阻抗Z1和Z2是50Ω,滤波器的设计计算导致两个电容器的电容都是1.3pF,而线圈的电感是4.8nH。
图6表示按照本发明的天线的工作频带移动的例子。在天线中使用的滤波器是如上面描述的那样的。曲线61表示当滤波器连接到开路传输线时作为频率函数的反射系数的改变;曲线62表示当滤波器连接到短路传输线时反射系数的改变。当将曲线比较时会看到,当连接短路时处于1.8GHz范围的较高工作频带在这个例子中向下移动。向下移动意味着,在出口处的天线部分的电长度已变得较大。这是因为从辐射平面经过寄生元件到地提供的阻抗是电容性的的缘故。移动Δf2大约是100MHz。在900MHz范围的较低工作频带以高准确度保留在其位置。那么,本发明的目的在这方面被很好地完成。
图7表示照本发明的天线的效率的例子。该例涉及与图6上的匹配曲线相同的结构。曲线71表示当滤波器连接到开路传输线时作为频率函数的效率改变;曲线72表示当滤波器连接到短路传输线时效率改变。当将曲线比较时会看到,当连接短路时在较低工作频带效率不变坏。在其移动是讨论中的较高工作频带,效率稍微变坏。
图8a和8b表示按照本发明的可调天线的例子。天线的底座结构与图2上的结构类似。现在,带型寄生元件830被放置在辐射平面820下面,在与天线的较高工作频带对应的第二分支822旁。用导体将寄生元件连接到设置在无线电设备的电路板801上的滤波器。在图8b上看到该滤波器,图8b表示从下面看的电路板。那么,在图8b上接地平面是不可见的,在电路板的反面。连接到寄生元件的导体作为带导体851继续连接到滤波器的第一电容器C1。第二电容器C2与第一电容器串联,在它们之间的线圈连接L连接到地。在这个例子中,C1和C2是片电容器,用电路板801表面上的螺旋带导体实现线圈。用带导体852将第二电容器C2连接到开关SW的第一端,用带导体853将开关的第二端连接到终端元件。在这个例子中,这个终端元件是短路导体。带导体854从开关的第三端开始。带导体854在其相对端处于“空气”中。所说的带导体851、852、853和854与电路板另一面上的接地平面一起组成短路传输线。借助这个传输线,可以调谐整个调整电路的阻抗。开关SW例如是半导体部件或MEMS型开关(微机电系统)。它通过带导体CNT控制。如果开关结构需要,控制导体的数目是二。
图9表示包含按照本发明的可调多频带天线900的无线电设备RD。
在此说明和权利要求中,前缀“较低”、“较高”以及词“在下面”和“向下面”系指在图1a、2和8a上描述的天线位置,并不与设备的工作位置有关。在权利要求中,术语“寄生的”也意指与天线辐射平面有明显电磁耦合的结构零件。
上面已经说明了按照本发明的可调多频带天线的例子。寄生元件的形状和位置自然可以与图上所示的不同。按照本发明的滤波器也可以是低通或带通滤波器。天线的底座结构可以偏离在例子中所给出的:辐射元件的数量可以比二个多。辐射元件不必是平面形的。天线也可以是陶瓷的,在这种情况下,寄生元件也是陶瓷块的导电涂层的一部分。可以在独立权利要求1定义的范围内以不同的方式应用传统概念。

Claims (9)

1.一种可调多频带天线,它具有接地平面(810)、带有电介质支撑零件(880)的辐射平面(820)、天线的馈送导体(812)和短路导体(815)以及移动天线工作频带的调整电路,这个调整电路包括寄生元件(430;830)和开关(SW)以及直接连接到接地平面的终端元件(TE),用这个开关把寄生元件连接到终端元件,其特征在于,为限制控制开关(SW)对天线的单独工作频带的影响,调整电路还包括与寄生元件和开关串联的电气上设置的滤波器(440)。
2.一种按照权利要求1的天线,其特征在于,所说的单独工作频带是在滤波器的通带上,而其它工作频带是在滤波器的阻带上。
3.一种按照权利要求2的天线,它的工作频带包括至少一个较低工作频带和一个较高工作频带,其特征在于,所说的单独工作频带是较高工作频带,以及滤波器是高通滤波器(540),它的截止频率位于较低和较高工作频带之间。
4.一种按照权利要求1的天线,其特征在于,滤波器这样电气上设置在寄生元件和开关之间,使得寄生元件(430、830)被短路传输线的导体(851)连接到滤波器的输入端和使得滤波器的输出被第二短路传输线的导体(852)连接到开关的第一端,开关的第二端被固定地连接到第三短路传输线的导体(453;853),在第三短路传输线的相对端是终端元件(TE)。
5.一种按照权利要求1和4的天线,其特征在于,所说的终端元件(TE)是短路导体。
6.一种按照权利要求1和4的天线,其特征在于,所说的终端元件(TE)是设置所述的工作频带移动的电抗性的结构零件。
7.一种按照权利要求4的天线,其特征在于,开关是双向开关,第四短路传输线的导体(454;854)从开关的第三端开始,该短路传输线在其相对端是开路的。
8.一种按照权利要求1的天线,其特征在于,所说的寄生元件是附加到所说的电介质支撑零件的导电带。
9.一种具有可调多频带天线(900)的无线电设备(RD),其包括接地平面、辐射平面和移动天线工作频带的调整电路,这个调整电路包括寄生元件、开关和直接连接到接地平面的终端元件,用这个开关可以把寄生元件连接到终端元件,其特征在于,为限制控制开关对天线的单独工作频带的影响,调整电路还包括与寄生元件和开关串联的电气上设置的滤波器。
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