CN1529503A - A method for selecting video stream transcoding in video gateway - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提涉及一种选择视频网关中视频流转码的方法，属于计算机多媒体技术领域。首先客户端向视频服务器递交视频接入请求，得到许可后客户终端向视频网关递交用户服务描述数据包，视频服务器向视频网关递交节目服务描述数据包；对两个数据包的视频帧率进行判断，以进行帧率的转换；对编码格式进行判断，以进行编码格式的转换；对视频宽度与视频高度进行判断，以进行视频尺寸上的转换；将视频网关到终端链路带宽与数据包中的比特率进行比较，以更新该数据包的比特率值；对比特率进行判断，以进行比特率的转换。本发明的方法，简化了媒体服务器、视频网关、终端之间的交互过程，减少了转码过程中的图像失真，避免在转码器进行复杂的参数配置。
The invention relates to a method for selecting video stream transcoding in a video gateway, which belongs to the technical field of computer multimedia. First, the client submits a video access request to the video server, and after obtaining permission, the client terminal submits a user service description packet to the video gateway, and the video server submits a program service description packet to the video gateway; judge the video frame rate of the two packets , to convert the frame rate; judge the encoding format to convert the encoding format; judge the video width and height to convert the video size; link the video gateway to the terminal link bandwidth and data packets The bit rate is compared to update the bit rate value of the data packet; the bit rate is judged to perform bit rate conversion. The method of the invention simplifies the interactive process among the media server, the video gateway and the terminal, reduces image distortion in the transcoding process, and avoids complex parameter configuration in the transcoder.
Description
技术领域 本发明涉及一种选择视频网关转码的方法，属于计算机多媒体技术领域，特别涉及转码技术与编码技术。Technical Field The present invention relates to a method for selecting video gateway transcoding, which belongs to the field of computer multimedia technology, and particularly relates to transcoding technology and encoding technology.
背景技术 随着计算机硬件技术、网络技术、图形图像处理技术的飞速发展，网络视听已经逐渐走近了人们的生活。视频点播(VOD)、视频会议、远程教学等基于网络的视音频应用日渐兴起并且迅速抢占了可观的市场。技术与市场的激烈竞争使这片广阔的数字媒体空间呈现出多种标准、多种产品共存的格局，例如由国际标准化组织活动图像专家组(以下简称MPEG)的MPEG系列、国际电信联盟标准化部门开发的H.26X系列、静止图像专家组(JPEG)开发的JPEG系列等。这些标准都面向不同的用途和场合，比如MPEG1用于在VCD上存储同步和彩色运动视频信号；MPEG2是DVD的标准，除此之外还可用于为广播、有线电视以及卫星直播提供广播级的数字视频；H.263可用于可视电话、视频会议等场合……随着数字视频应用的普及，网络、终端设备、媒体格式也将趋于多样化，它们之间的交互需求也变得更为迫切。因此网络中的网关、多点控制单元(MCU)、媒体服务器等中间组件都要求提供这种无缝交互功能。而对媒体内容的转码正是实现这种无缝交互的关键技术。Background Art With the rapid development of computer hardware technology, network technology, and graphics and image processing technology, network audio-visual has gradually approached people's lives. Network-based video and audio applications such as video on demand (VOD), video conferencing, and distance learning are emerging and quickly occupying a considerable market. The fierce competition between technology and market makes this vast digital media space present a pattern of coexistence of multiple standards and multiple products. The H.26X series developed by the company, the JPEG series developed by the Still Picture Experts Group (JPEG), etc. These standards are oriented to different purposes and occasions, such as MPEG1 is used to store synchronous and color motion video signals on VCD; Digital video; H.263 can be used in videophone, video conferencing and other occasions... With the popularization of digital video applications, networks, terminal equipment, and media formats will also tend to be diversified, and the interaction requirements between them will also become more for urgent. Therefore, intermediate components such as gateways, multipoint control units (MCUs) and media servers in the network are required to provide this seamless interaction function. The transcoding of media content is the key technology to realize this seamless interaction.
所谓转码就是将数字信息从一种表示形式转成另外一种表示形式。从上个世纪90年代初，视频转码技术开始成为研究的热点。早期的工作集中在减小码率以适应信道的承载能力。随着手持终端芯片处理能力的提高，在个人数字助理(PDA)、移动电话等手持终端上进行视音频处理已经成为成熟的技术。但是这些设备比起计算机处理器的处理能力仍显得弱小，再加上显示区域的限制，它们在空间分辨率以及帧率都有特定的要求。因此，针对空间分辨率以及帧率的转码也得到了深入的研究。由于各种标准的共存，不同视频流之间(例如MPEG2到MPEG4、MPEG2到H.263等)的语法转码显的尤其重要。同时，由于移动多媒体业务的兴起，针对无线信道的容错转码也得到了积极的关注。不同的场合需要不同的转码方式，有时候甚至需要几种转码方式的组合，例如含MPEG4解码器的手机向提供MPEG2编码影视的服务器提交点播请求，这中间势必经过空间分辨率转码、帧率转码、MPEG2到MPEG4格式转码、容错转码等过程才能产生符合手机应用的码流。但是到目前为止，还没有一种方法解决在几种转码方式中进行选择的问题。The so-called transcoding is to convert digital information from one representation to another. Since the early 1990s, video transcoding technology has become a research hotspot. Early work focused on reducing the code rate to fit the channel's carrying capacity. With the improvement of the processing capability of handheld terminal chips, it has become a mature technology to perform video and audio processing on handheld terminals such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones. However, compared with the processing power of computer processors, these devices are still weak, and coupled with the limitation of the display area, they have specific requirements for spatial resolution and frame rate. Therefore, transcoding for spatial resolution and frame rate has also been intensively studied. Due to the coexistence of various standards, syntax transcoding between different video streams (such as MPEG2 to MPEG4, MPEG2 to H.263, etc.) is particularly important. At the same time, due to the rise of mobile multimedia services, fault-tolerant transcoding for wireless channels has also received active attention. Different occasions require different transcoding methods, and sometimes even a combination of several transcoding methods is required. For example, a mobile phone with an MPEG4 decoder submits a video-on-demand request to a server that provides MPEG2-encoded video, which must undergo spatial resolution transcoding, Frame rate transcoding, MPEG2 to MPEG4 format transcoding, error-tolerant transcoding and other processes can generate code streams suitable for mobile phone applications. But so far, there is no way to solve the problem of choosing among several transcoding methods.
发明内容 本发明的目的是提出一种选择视频网关转码的方法，以实现视频网关根据视频源、终端和信道特点自动选择转码，以快速选择合适的转码方式，在转码快速性与终端呈现的视频质量进行合适的权衡。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of this invention is to propose a method for selecting video gateway transcoding, so that the video gateway can automatically select transcoding according to the characteristics of the video source, terminal and channel, so as to quickly select the appropriate transcoding method. Appropriate trade-offs are made for the video quality presented by the terminal.
本发明提出的选择视频网关中视频流转码的方法，包括以下步骤：The method for selecting video stream transcoding in the video gateway proposed by the present invention comprises the following steps:
1、客户端向视频服务器递交视频接入请求，若得到接入许可，则用户终端根据处理器处理能力、缓冲区负载能力、播放尺寸、接入信道带宽等特点向视频网关通过RTSP协议递交用户服务描述数据包，同时视频服务器根据用户请求节目的特征参数通过实时流协议(以下简称RTSP)向视频网关递交节目服务描述数据包；1. The client submits a video access request to the video server. If the access permission is obtained, the user terminal submits the video access request to the video gateway through the RTSP protocol according to the characteristics of the processor processing capacity, buffer load capacity, playback size, and access channel bandwidth. The service description data packet, and the video server submits the program service description data packet to the video gateway through the real-time streaming protocol (hereinafter referred to as RTSP) according to the characteristic parameters of the program requested by the user;
2、视频网关对上述两个服务描述数据包做字符串解析，得到上述特征参数的编码格式、视频宽度、视频高度、视频帧率、比特率；2. The video gateway analyzes the strings of the above two service description packets to obtain the encoding format, video width, video height, video frame rate, and bit rate of the above characteristic parameters;
3、对上述两个服务描述数据包的视频帧率进行判断，若两者视频帧率相同，则不需要进行帧率的转换，否则进行帧率的转换；3. Judging the video frame rate of the above two service description packets, if the video frame rate of the two is the same, no frame rate conversion is required, otherwise the frame rate conversion is performed;
4、对上述两个服务描述数据包的编码格式进行判断，若两者编码格式相同，则不需要进行编码格式的转换，否则进行编码格式的转换；4. Judging the encoding formats of the above two service description packets, if the encoding formats of the two are the same, no encoding format conversion is required, otherwise encoding format conversion is performed;
5、对上述两个服务描述数据包的视频宽度与视频高度进行判断，若两者的视频宽度与视频高度相同，则不需要进行视频尺寸上的转换，否则进行视频空间尺寸上的转换；5. Judging the video width and video height of the above two service description packets, if the video width and video height of the two are the same, there is no need to convert the video size, otherwise the video space size conversion is performed;
6、将视频网关到终端链路的带宽与用户终端发来的服务描述数据包中的比特率进行比较，对较小者更新该数据包的比特率值；6. Compare the bandwidth of the video gateway to the terminal link with the bit rate in the service description data packet sent by the user terminal, and update the bit rate value of the data packet for the smaller one;
7、对上述两个服务描述数据包的比特率进行判断，若两者比特率相同，则不需要进行比特率的转换，否则需要进行比特率的转换；7. Judging the bit rate of the above two service description packets, if the bit rate of the two is the same, no bit rate conversion is required, otherwise bit rate conversion is required;
对任何一个允许接入的用户，视频网关都需要进行这样的转码方式选择，以满足终端的需求。For any user that is allowed to access, the video gateway needs to select such a transcoding mode to meet the needs of the terminal.
上述方法中，用户服务描述数据包和节目服务描述数据包的格式是In the above method, the format of the user service description data packet and the program service description data packet is
0 1 2 30 1 2 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 实时流协议包头 ||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 编码格式 | 视频宽度 | 视频高度 || Encoding Format | | Video Width | Video Height |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 视频帧率 | 比特率 | (留扩展用) || Video Frame Rate | Bit Rate | (Reserved for expansion) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
上述方法中，请求节目的特征参数包括编码格式、视频宽度、视频高度、视频帧率、比特率。In the above method, the characteristic parameters of the requested program include encoding format, video width, video height, video frame rate, and bit rate.
本发明提出的选择视频网关转码的方法，其优点如下：The method for selecting video gateway transcoding proposed by the present invention has the following advantages:
1、设计了简单的服务描述数据包，从而简化了媒体服务器、视频网关、终端之间的交互过程；1. A simple service description packet is designed, which simplifies the interaction process between the media server, video gateway and terminal;
2、使用RTSP作为该数据包的运输工具，使以后实现实时调整转码参数更为简便，同时也能与各种流式传输的产品兼容；2. Using RTSP as the transport tool of the data packet makes it easier to adjust the transcoding parameters in real time in the future, and is also compatible with various streaming products;
3、本方法巧妙安排了转码方式选择顺序，减少了转码过程中的图像失真；3. This method cleverly arranges the selection sequence of transcoding methods, which reduces image distortion during the transcoding process;
4、本方法不需要人的引导就可以实现转码方式的自动选择，并且能根据网络的状况选择合适的参数，从而避免在转码器进行复杂的参数配置。4. This method can realize automatic selection of transcoding mode without human guidance, and can select appropriate parameters according to network conditions, thereby avoiding complex parameter configuration in the transcoder.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明方法的流程框图。Fig. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提出的选择视频网关转码的方法，其流程框图如图1所示，首先客户端向视频服务器递交视频接入请求，若得到接入许可，则用户终端根据处理器处理能力、缓冲区负载能力、播放尺寸、接入信道带宽等特点向视频网关通过RTSP协议递交用户服务描述数据包，同时视频服务器根据用户请求节目的特征参数通过实时流协议(以下简称RTSP)向视频网关递交上述节目服务描述数据包；视频网关对上述两个服务描述数据包做字符串解析，得到上述特征参数的编码格式、视频宽度、视频高度、视频帧率、比特率；对上述两个服务描述数据包的视频帧率进行判断，若两者视频帧率相同，则不需要进行帧率的转换，否则进行帧率的转换；对上述两个服务描述数据包的编码格式进行判断，若两者编码格式相同，则不需要进行编码格式的转换，否则进行编码格式的转换；对上述两个服务描述数据包的视频宽度与视频高度进行判断，若两者的视频宽度与视频高度相同，则不需要进行视频尺寸上的转换，否则进行视频空间尺寸上的转换；将频网关到终端链路的带宽与用户终端发来的服务描述数据包中的比特率进行比较，对较小者更新该数据包的比特率值；对两个服务描述数据包的比特率进行判断，若两者比特率相同，则不需要进行比特率的转换，否则需要进行比特率的转换；The method for selecting video gateway transcoding proposed by the present invention has a flow chart as shown in Figure 1. First, the client submits a video access request to the video server. Load capacity, playback size, access channel bandwidth and other characteristics submit user service description packets to the video gateway through the RTSP protocol, and at the same time, the video server submits the above-mentioned programs to the video gateway through the real-time streaming protocol (hereinafter referred to as RTSP) according to the characteristic parameters of the program requested by the user Service description data packet; the video gateway performs string analysis on the above two service description data packets to obtain the encoding format, video width, video height, video frame rate, and bit rate of the above-mentioned characteristic parameters; the above two service description data packets Judge the frame rate of the video. If the frame rate of the two videos is the same, no frame rate conversion is required; otherwise, the conversion of the frame rate is performed; the encoding format of the above two service description packets is judged. If the encoding format of the two is the same , then it is not necessary to convert the encoding format, otherwise the encoding format conversion is performed; judge the video width and video height of the above two service description packets, if the video width and video height of the two are the same, no need to perform video encoding Otherwise, convert the size of the video space; compare the bandwidth of the link from the gateway to the terminal with the bit rate in the service description data packet sent by the user terminal, and update the bit rate of the data packet for the smaller one. Rate value; judge the bit rate of the two service description packets, if the bit rate of the two is the same, no bit rate conversion is required, otherwise bit rate conversion is required;
对任何一个允许接入的用户，视频网关都需要进行这样的转码方式选择，以满足终端的需求。For any user that is allowed to access, the video gateway needs to select such a transcoding mode to meet the needs of the terminal.
上述方法中，用户服务描述数据包和节目服务描述数据包的格式是In the above method, the format of the user service description data packet and the program service description data packet is
0 1 2 30 1 2 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 实时流协议包头 ||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 编码格式 | 视频宽度 | 视频高度 || Encoding Format | | Video Width | Video Height |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 视频帧率 | 比特率 | (留扩展用) || Video Frame Rate | Bit Rate | (Reserved for expansion) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
上述方法中，请求节目的特征参数包括编码格式、视频宽度、视频高度、视频帧率、比特率。In the above method, the characteristic parameters of the requested program include encoding format, video width, video height, video frame rate, and bit rate.
选择转码方式是具有转码功能的视频网关必备的环节，如何合理安排转码方式的选择顺序对整个转码性能起着重要的重要。首先通过解析一对服务描述数据包让视频网关知道视频源码流信息与终端需求码流信息，通过比较这些信息来选择转码方式。对于需要进行视频帧率、视频尺寸、码流格式等多项转码的码流，按照帧率转码->码流格式转码->空间分辨率转码的顺序取得更好的视频质量。因此在选择转码方式的时候也遵循这个顺序。由于重量化通常在最后一个步骤，因此用R-D优化方法选择量化步长也放在最后一个步骤。又因为R-D优化方法一个重要的参数就是目标比特率，因此在重量化之前要估计链路容量。Selecting the transcoding method is an essential part of the video gateway with transcoding function. How to reasonably arrange the selection sequence of the transcoding method plays an important role in the overall transcoding performance. Firstly, let the video gateway know the video source stream information and the terminal demand stream information by parsing a pair of service description packets, and select the transcoding method by comparing these information. For code streams that require multiple transcodings such as video frame rate, video size, and code stream format, follow the sequence of frame rate transcoding -> code stream format transcoding -> spatial resolution transcoding to obtain better video quality. Therefore, follow this order when choosing a transcoding method. Since requantization is usually in the last step, the selection of quantization step size by R-D optimization method is also in the last step. And because an important parameter of the R-D optimization method is the target bit rate, it is necessary to estimate the link capacity before weighting.
本发明的一个实施案例如下：An implementation case of the present invention is as follows:
本案例配置流媒体服务器1台、客户端PC1台、转码服务器1台(做视频网关)，流媒体服务器与转码服务器使用的操作系统均为Linux Redhat8.0，客户端PC使用Windows2000Professional操作系统。This case is configured with 1 streaming media server, 1 client PC, and 1 transcoding server (as a video gateway). The operating systems used by the streaming media server and the transcoding server are both Linux Redhat8.0, and the client PC uses Windows2000 Professional operating system .
1、用户端PC向流媒体服务器递交点播请求，认证服务器对用户的合法性作出判断，允许该客户的接入请求；1. The client PC submits an on-demand request to the streaming media server, and the authentication server makes a judgment on the legitimacy of the user and allows the client's access request;
2、体服务器读取点播节目的信息生成服务信息数据包(码流格式＝“MPEG2”，视频宽度＝720，视频高度＝480，视频帧率＝30fps，比特率＝3Mbps)，并且送给视频网关；2. The body server reads the information of the on-demand program and generates a service information packet (code stream format="MPEG2", video width=720, video height=480, video frame rate=30fps, bit rate=3Mbps), and sends the video gateway;
3、户端根据解码器、播放器的要求生成服务信息数据包(码流格式＝“MPEG4”，视频宽度＝352，视频高度＝288，视频帧率＝15fps，比特率＝750Kbps)，并且送给视频网关；3. The client generates a service information packet (code stream format="MPEG4", video width=352, video height=288, video frame rate=15fps, bit rate=750Kbps) according to the requirements of the decoder and player, and sends to the video gateway;
4、网关解析上述两个服务信息数据包，并且进行比较，做出了帧率转码->码流格式转码->视频尺寸转码的选择；4. The gateway parses and compares the above two service information packets, and makes a choice of frame rate transcoding -> code stream format transcoding -> video size transcoding;
5、网关用基于接收端探测的方法估算得可用带宽为700Kbps，因此需要用R-D方法进行量化尽可能使比特率趋于700Kbps；5. The gateway estimates that the available bandwidth is 700Kbps based on the detection method at the receiving end, so it is necessary to use the R-D method for quantization to make the bit rate tend to 700Kbps as much as possible;
6、网关转码方式选择结束，流媒体服务器开始提供服务，视频网关转码器启动，接收端开始平稳地接收视频包。6. After the gateway transcoding mode is selected, the streaming media server starts to provide services, the video gateway transcoder starts, and the receiving end begins to receive video packets smoothly.
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