CN1525599B - 用于卡塞格伦型shf天线的副反射器 - Google Patents
用于卡塞格伦型shf天线的副反射器 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于卡塞格伦型SHF天线的副反射器。本发明向天线的基本副反射器(103)提供了朝向主反射器的呈圆柱状的第一圆环(104)，以及固定在所述圆柱端部的圆冠状第二环(105)，第二环从该圆柱处向外突出。这些环由导电材料制成，圆柱长度和圆冠的宽度处于平均波长四分之一的数量级，该天线的尺寸适于该平均波长。本发明使得副反射器的“漏失辐射”显著减少，从而在同等性能下允许天线的尺寸显著减小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卡塞格伦(Cassegrain)型SHF天线中使用的副反射器。这些天线起先用于雷达装置，如今广泛应用于卫星通信系统，尤其应用于单独的地面站。
背景技术
卡塞格伦型SHF天线已为我们所熟知，在该天线中位于主抛物线形反射器的轴处的SHF源照射到靠近该主反射器焦点处的副反射器。则从该副反射器反射出SHF波，照射到主反射器上，从而可以获得窄束状的辐射图。当然，在接收侧该过程相反。
副反射器的存在带来了某些不希望出现的影响。
其中一个影响就是遮住了主反射器表面的一部分，从而降低了后者的效率。
另一个影响就是损失了由副反射器反射的一部分辐射，这部分辐射在主反射器表面外改变方向。该“溢出辐射(overflow radiation)”也被称为“漏失辐射(spillover radiation)”作为天线的纯损耗(pureloss)泄漏出去。
为了降低这些不希望出现的影响，已经通过改变与光学卡塞格伦望远镜的最初双曲线形状相关的副反射器的反射表面作了很多努力，其中这种类型的SHF天线就是基于此开发出的。
如图1所示，在这种天线中的已知SHF“源”包括圆形波导101，SHF波沿该波导进入。中空电介锥体102一端与该波导相连，另一端支撑副反射器103。该反射器表面相对复杂的形状与已知的技术发展水平相当，以便将前述缺陷，尤其是漏失辐射限制在一定范围内。
即使在这种情况下，该副反射器的尺寸以及由此产生的遮挡影响也仍然很大。因此，需要增加主反射器的尺寸，以便获得理想的增益和方向特性。
此外，仍然存在的漏失辐射(尽管可能很小)降低了天线的性能，这也需要增加与主反射器的尺寸相关的尺寸。
现在，主要出于视觉效果的原因，更需要限制这种天线的大小，这就需要提高副反射器的性能而减小其尺寸。
发明内容
为了达到上述这些效果，本发明提供了一种用于卡塞格伦型SHF天线的包括一个基本副反射器的副反射器，其包括由导电材料制成的圆柱形的第一圆“环”，其直径等于基本反射器的外径，通过其一端被固定在该基本反射器的外边缘，以便从该基本反射器的反射面的侧面突出，其高度H被设计为减少副反射器的“漏失辐射”的高度。
本发明的特征在于该反射器还包括圆冠形的第二“环”，也由导电材料制成，其内径等于第一环的直径，并被固定在第一环的自由端，其宽度(h)被设计为可以进一步减少前述漏失辐射的宽度。
根据本发明的另一特征，参数H和h的值处于平均波长四分之一的数量级，该天线的尺寸适于该平均波长。
根据本发明的另一特征，第一和第二环被制成高度为H＇厚度为h＇的单圆环的形状，该反射器包括实心电介材料制成的锥体，该锥体与设计为在基本反射器处通向天线的波导相连，以便令参数H＇和h＇的值随参数H和h的值减小。
根据本发明的另一特征，对单圆环的自由端进行加工，以便形成剖面，该剖面减小了单圆环外缘的厚度，以便进一步减少所述漏失辐射。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在后面结合附图进行的描述中表现出来。
附图说明
图1是SHF源的截面图，包括根据常规设计的副反射器；
图2是SHF源的截面图，包括根据本发明的副反射器；
图3是图2中重要细节的放大图；
图4是根据本发明的变形的SHF源的截面图；以及
图5示出分别对应于图1和图2的源的两个重叠的辐射图。
具体实施方式
根据图2和图3中以截面的形式示出的本发明的第一实施方式，SHF源包括与图1中示出的常规设计源相同的部件(101至103)。
本发明旨在向基本副反射器103提供第一圆“环”104，该圆“环”呈现高为H、直径等于基本副反射器103外径的圆柱状。该环由导电材料制成，优选地是由与制造基本副反射器103相同的金属制成。该环的其中一端固定在反射器的外边缘，这使得该环从反射器反射面的侧面突出，从而沿波导101方向突出。该环的功能实际上是遮挡漏失辐射，从而将该辐射重定向至主反射器的有效表面。这增加了天线的输出，对于获得相同效率的情况，允许将副反射器的直径减小很多，并从而大大减小了主反射器的直径。为了便于理解附图，图1和图2的源以相同尺寸示出，应当理解，在相同效率的情况下图2中的源是以较大比例示出的。当源在物理上大小相同时，则使用图2源的天线的效率将较高。
本发明的改进变形增加了圆冠状的第二环105，该环也由导电材料制成，宽为h，其内径与第一环的直径相等。该冠被固定在第一环的自由端。
只要边缘环104的作用不够，就启用边缘环105。实际上，当为了改进辐射图的某一部分而想要过度增加边缘环104的大小时(即，大于四分之一波长时)，就存在该图中其他区域恶化的风险。边缘环105改进了辐射图从而避免了这一缺陷。
尺寸H和h处于平均波长四分之一的数量级，该天线的尺寸适用于该平均波长。根据以常规设计制作基本副反射器103的所有可变形状，通过一些大致以波长四分之一的尺寸开始的简单测试，专业的设计师可以确定这些参数的准确尺寸。给出本发明使用的简单几何形状(圆柱和圆冠)后，这些测试无需花费特别的努力。
作为实施例，已确定在7.1-8.5GHz频带内，14mm的高度H和9mm的宽度h可以将副反射器的直径降低30％的数量级，而获得相同的性能。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，如图4所示，支撑副反射器103的锥体402由实心电介材料制成，该电介材料有在该锥体中减小波长的功能。在这些条件下，锥体端部由于纯机械原因穿入圆形波导401。而本发明以高度为H＇厚度为h＇的单圆环404实现第一实施方式的圆柱/冠形组件。为了获得最佳结果，对该环的自由端，即转向主反射器的一端进行加工，以便形成剖面405，该剖面减小了该环外缘的厚度。
为了给出第二实施方式的数字示例，确定在14.2-15.35GHz频带内，2mm的高度H＇和4mm的厚度h＇也可以将副反射器的直径降低30％的数量级，而获得相同的性能。
为了说明在性能上的改进，图5示出常规天线的辐射图501，以及根据本发明的天线的辐射图502。可以看到，根据本发明的天线的图有了显著改善，特别是在与入射角大于30°对应的区域。
除了在无线性能上的改进外，本发明还能够通过减小主反射器的尺寸，降低这种天线的视觉冲击，使得更容易将这种天线与地形融为一体。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于卡塞格伦型SHF天线的具有基本副反射器(103)的副反射器，包括导电材料制成的圆柱形的第一环(104)，第一环的直径等于所述基本副反射器的外径，第一环通过其一端被固定在基本副反射器的外边缘上，从而延伸至基本副反射器的反射面的侧面，第一环的高度H被设计为减少副反射器的“漏失辐射”的高度，
其中所述副反射器还包括圆冠形的第二环(105)，由导电材料制成，第二环的内径等于第一环的直径，并被固定在第一环的自由端，第二环的宽度h被选择为进一步减少所述漏失辐射，
其中高度H和宽度h的值处于平均波长四分之一的数量级，所述天线的尺寸适于所述平均波长。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR0301236A FR2850796A1 (fr) | 2003-02-04 | 2003-02-04 | Reflecteur secondaire pour antenne hyperfrequence de type cassegrain |
| FR0301236 | 2003-02-04 |
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| CN1525599A CN1525599A (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
| CN1525599B true CN1525599B (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
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| EP (1) | EP1445829B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1525599B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE332020T1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE602004001353T2 (zh) |
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| EP2148389A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Astrium Limited | Apparatus for an antenna system |
| CN102013576B (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-06-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | 修正型卡塞格伦式天线的副面调整方法 |
| EP2882038B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2019-10-16 | Kuang-Chi Innovative Technology Ltd. | Cassegrain-type metamaterial antenna |
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- 2004-01-28 EP EP04290225A patent/EP1445829B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-28 DE DE602004001353T patent/DE602004001353T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-28 AT AT04290225T patent/ATE332020T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-02 US US10/768,684 patent/US6809695B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-03 CN CN2004100395110A patent/CN1525599B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US4675688A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1987-06-23 | Nec Corporation | Rate sensor with coaxially mounted scanning antenna |
| US4801946A (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1989-01-31 | Mark Antenna Products, Inc. | Grid antenna |
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| US6137449A (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 2000-10-24 | Kildal; Per-Simon | Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6809695B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
| DE602004001353D1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
| ATE332020T1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
| EP1445829A1 (fr) | 2004-08-11 |
| EP1445829B1 (fr) | 2006-06-28 |
| FR2850796A1 (fr) | 2004-08-06 |
| CN1525599A (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
| DE602004001353T2 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| US20040150576A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
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