CN1525598A - 多频带平面天线 - Google Patents

多频带平面天线 Download PDF

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CN1525598A
CN1525598A CNA200410008260XA CN200410008260A CN1525598A CN 1525598 A CN1525598 A CN 1525598A CN A200410008260X A CNA200410008260X A CN A200410008260XA CN 200410008260 A CN200410008260 A CN 200410008260A CN 1525598 A CN1525598 A CN 1525598A
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antenna
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plane
short circuit
radiator
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CN100373698C (zh
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H���ƶ�����
H·科尔瓦
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Pulse Finland Oy
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FIRTRONIC LK Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

一种多频带平面天线，它适合用作小型移动台的内部天线，并适用于包括本发明天线的无线电装置。其基础是具有馈电和短接导体以及非导电隙缝的常规双频带PIFA。平面元件(220)具有所谓的第二隙缝(232)，所述第二隙缝开始于所述平面元件的边缘，并且与上述隙缝(231)相比，在馈电导体(221)和短接导体(211)的另一侧。此外，所述结构还包括第二短接导体(212)，与所述馈电导体相比，所述第二短接导体(212)位于第二隙缝的另一侧。所述第二隙缝用作辐射器，它可以例如加宽双频带天线的上频带。第二短接导体使多频带天线比相应的先有技术的天线具有更好的匹配。所述天线简单因而其制造成本较低。

Description

多频带平面天线
技术领域
本发明特别涉及多频带平面天线，它适合用作小型移动台的内部天线。本发明也涉及包括有本发明的平面天线的无线电装置。
背景技术
移动通信业务分布在由数种无线电系统〔例如不同的GSM系统(全球移动电信系统)〕使用的各频带上。因此移动台中能在至少两个无线电系统中工作的型号很常见。多频带能力当然就意味着移动终端天线的设计会比较困难。如果天线必需设置在装置的外壳内以方便使用，则设计过程就更加困难。
设置在小型无线电装置内并具有足够良好的辐射和接收特性的天线最容易以平面结构的形式来实现：所述天线包括辐射平面和接地平面，接地平面与辐射平面平行。为了便于匹配，辐射平面和接地平面通常在一个适合的点通过短路导体互连，这样就形成PIFA(平面倒F形天线)型结构。原理上有可能利用非导电隙缝将辐射平面分成分部来增加工作频带的数目，从短接点看这些分部具有不同的长度，使得对应于这些分部的天线部分的谐振频率位于所需的频带上。但要获得天线匹配以及得到足够的带宽就有问题，至少在某些频带是如此。在平面天线中也利用隙缝辐射器来获得新的工作频带。在这种情况下也在辐射平面元件中形成非导电隙缝。所述隙缝末端开口在平面元件的边缘，比较靠近天线的馈电点。如果隙缝的长度又合适，就会在所需频率激发振荡。在双频带天线的情况下，隙缝在例如上工作频带谐振，而导电平面在下工作频带谐振。
利用隙缝辐射器提供足够的带宽也会有问题。一种解决方案就是增加天线元件的数量：将电磁连接的，即寄生平面元件设置在靠近辐射平面本身。将其谐振频率安排成接近例如隙缝辐射器的谐振频率，以便形成均匀且比较宽的工作频带。利用寄生元件的缺点在于它们需要空间，增加了天线的生产成本并降低了生产中的可重现性。一种对应的方法是使隙缝辐射器的谐振频率和双频带PIFA的上谐振频率相互接近，以便形成均匀且比较宽的工作频带。在此情况下，辐射平面有两个隙缝：一个隙缝是为了形成双频带PIFA，第二个隙缝是为了形成隙缝辐射器。
从专利申请公开FI20012045，可知图1所示的平面天线结构。它具有接地平面110和矩形辐射平面元件120，元件120通过介质框170支撑在接地平面上方。天线的馈电点F和短接点S位于平面元件120的一条长边的边缘。平面元件的第一隙缝131在同一边缘开始，从短接点看在距馈电点较远的一侧。所述第一隙缝安排成以上述方式起辐射器作用。所述天线最重要的特征是现在平面元件120另外还具有第二隙缝132，所述第二隙缝从馈电点和短接点之间的平面元件的边缘开始，终止在所述平面的内部区域。所述天线是双频带天线，具有三种谐振，这对其工作是至关重要的：平面元件120具有导体分部B1，它从短接点S开始并延伸绕过第一隙缝131的末端，和接地平面一起形成四分之一波长谐振器，起天线的下工作频带的辐射器的作用。第一隙缝谐振器和周围的导体平面以及接地平面一起谐振，起天线的上工作频带的辐射器的作用。还这样选定第二隙缝132的尺寸，使得它和和周围的导体平面以及接地平面一起形成四分之一波长谐振器，起天线的上工作频带的辐射器的作用。可以这样选择这两个隙缝谐振器的谐振频率，使得上工作频带非常宽。所述上工作频带可以扩展到覆盖例如GSM1800和GSM1900系统的各频带。在平面元件的边缘，靠近短接点S的短边上，有指向接地平面的延伸部分125，所述延伸部分改善了第二隙缝辐射器的匹配，也改进了平面辐射器的匹配。
在图1的结构中利用馈电点和短接点之间延伸的隙缝获得了异常宽的上频带。这种结构的缺点是所述安排损坏了下工作频带的天线匹配，特别是当天线的体积非常小时。
发明内容
本发明的目的是以一种新的途径实现具有至少两个工作频带的内平面天线。按照本发明的平面天线的特征在独立权利要求1中提出。按照本发明的无线电装置的特征在独立权利要求5中提出。本发明的一些优选实施例在从属权利要求中提出。
本发明的基本概念如下：其基础是带有馈电导体和短接导体的普通双频带PIFA，在所述PIFA中，辐射平面具有两个不同长度的导体分部，二者被非导电隙缝分隔开。平面元件除了上述隙缝外具有第二个隙缝，已知它从平面的边缘开始，在馈电导体和短接导体的另一侧。为了使天线匹配，所述结构除了馈电导体外还包括在第二隙缝另一侧的第二短接导体。第二隙缝用作辐射器，它可以例如加宽双频带天线的上频带。
本发明的优点是：由于第二短接导体的缘故，与先有技术的相应天线相比，能更好地实现多频带平面天线的匹配。这就可用来构建较小的天线。还有一个优点是：按照本发明的天线制造简单方便。虽然第二短接导体意味着额外的成本，但另一方面有可能省去已知天线的匹配部分。
附图说明
以下对本发明作详细说明。在说明中参阅以下附图：
图1示出先有技术平面天线的实例；
图2示出根据本发明的平面天线的实例；
图3示出根据本发明的平面天线的另一实例；
图4示出根据本发明的天线的频带特性的实例；
图5示出配备有本发明的天线的无线电装置的实例。
具体实施方式
图2示出根据本发明的平面天线的实例。图中示出在无线电装置中的电路板201，其中，所述电路板的上导电表面作为天线200的接地平面210。辐射平面元件220位于接地平面之上，由介质框270支撑在电路板上。在平面元件的一侧，天线馈电导体221在馈电点F与平面元件相连接，第一短接导体211在短接点S与平面元件相连接。在此实例中，这些导体都是与平面元件相同的金属片。短接导体211的下端当然与电路板201的上表面上的接地平面对接。馈电导体221的下端从图中看也与电路板对接，但却与接地平面隔离，所述馈电导体221的下端通过穿通孔延伸到无线电装置的天线端口。平面元件220具有第一隙缝231，它开口在元件边缘，与馈电和第一短接导体位于同一侧。从平面元件的前角沿所述边缘看过去，首先是第一隙缝的开口端，然后是短接导体211，然后是馈电导体221。从短接点S看，第一隙缝将平面元件分成第一分部B21和第二分部B22。第一分部和接地平面一起形成四分之一波长辐射器，作为天线在第一工作频带的辐射器，在此实例中所述频带是下工作频带。第二分部B22和接地平面一起形成四分之一波长辐射器，作为天线在第二工作频带的辐射器，在此实例中所述频带是上工作频带。平面元件220还包括第二隙缝232，所述第二隙缝232也开口在元件边缘，与馈电和第一短接导体位于同一侧。馈电点F和短接点S都处于第一和第二隙缝之间的区域内。可以这样确定第二隙缝232的位置和尺寸，使得它和周围的导电平面和接地平面一起形成四分之一波长辐射器，作为天线在第二(即，上工作频带)的辐射器。
按照本发明图2的平面天线还包括第二短接导体212。所述第二短接导体212在馈电导体和第一短接导体的同一侧与平面元件相接。从馈电点F看，连接点处于距第二隙缝232较远的一侧，于是第二隙缝在天线馈电导体和第二短接导体连接点之间延伸。利用第二短接导体，天线的匹配得以改善。对匹配的作用取决于短接的位置，利用短接导体时的情况都是如此。在双频带天线的情况下，通过选择第二短接导体的位置，可以使改善的匹配主要针对下工作频带或上工作频带。本发明的优点是特别在下工作频带提供改善的天线工作。与图1所示的结构相比较，在下工作频带的改善因下述事实而实现：即，现在辐射隙缝不穿过馈电点和第一或主短接点S之间。对于完全适用的天线来说，需要有一个主短接点。
图3示出按照本发明的平面天线的另一实例。图中示出从上面看的辐射平面元件320以及在此元件下的接地平面310。在所述平面元件的边缘，在第二长边上，部分示出天线馈电导体321在馈电点F连接到平面元件，而第一短接导体311在短接点S连接到平面元件。所述平面元件320具有第一隙缝331，从短接点S看，所述第一隙缝将平面元件分成第一辐射分部B31和第二辐射分部B32。现在，按照本发明的第二短接导体312位于平面元件上与馈电导体和第一短接导体的位置相邻的一侧。平面元件上的第二辐射隙缝332开口在平面元件的边缘，在第二短接导体312所在的同一短边上。馈电点F和短接点S均位于第一和第二隙缝之间，且第二隙缝延伸在馈电点和第二短接导体的连接点之间，与图2中所示结构的情况一样。
图4示出本发明天线的频率特性的实例。图中示出反射系数S11作为频率的函数的曲线41。这是对类似于图2所示的天线所作的测量。反射系数越小，天线发射和接收无线电波越好。反射系数曲线中的每个最小值对应于天线的一种谐振状态。从曲线41可见，所测量的天线有三种重要谐振。在频率850MHz的最低谐振r1是由平面元件较长的导体分部引起的，在频率1.9GHz的最高谐振r3是由平面元件较短的导体分部引起的。在频率1.72GHz的中间谐振r2是由平面元件的辐射隙缝引起的。基于最低谐振的工作频带覆盖了GSM850系统所用的频率范围。使中间和最高谐振形成在1.7GHz到2.0GHz的频率范围上的均匀的工作频带，用反射系数值-4dB作为截止频率的判据。所述工作频带覆盖了GSM1800和GSM1900所用的频率范围。
图5示出包括本发明的平面天线500的无线电装置MS。整个天线位于所述无线电装置的外壳之内。
以上我们说明了按照本发明的多频带平面天线。本发明并不将天线的平面元件限制在上述形状。在实例中用了两种天线谐振来形成宽的工作频带。同理，在三种谐振的情况下也可形成三种不同的工作频带。本发明对天线的制造方法以及天线中使用的材料均无限制。本发明的观念可以在独立权利要求1所设定的限度内用不同的方式加以应用。为简洁起见，权利要求书提出谐振导体分部和隙缝。但指的是谐振实体，除了所述分部或隙缝外，所述实体还包括接地平面以及接地平面和辐射平面之间的空间。

Claims (5)

1.一种平面天线(200；300)，它具有至少第一和第二工作频带并且包括接地平面(210；310)和辐射平面元件(220；320)，所述辐射平面元件(220；320)具有：天线馈电点(F)和短接点(S)；第一隙缝(231；331)，它开口在所述平面元件的边缘，从所述短接点(S)看，所述第一隙缝将所述平面元件分成第一(B21；B31)辐射分部和第二(B22；B32)辐射分部；以及第二辐射隙缝(232；332)，所述第二辐射隙缝(232；332)开口在所述平面元件的所述边缘的，使得所述馈电点和所述短接点均位于所述第一和第二隙缝之间的区域内，其特征在于：为了改善天线的匹配，所述天线还包括第二短接导体(212；312)，从所述馈电导体看，所述第二短接导体(212；312)位于所述第二隙缝开口端的另一侧。
2.如权利要求1所述的平面天线，其特征在于：使所述第一辐射分部在所述天线的第一工作频带谐振，而使所述第二辐射分部在所述天线的第二工作频带谐振。
3.如权利要求2所述的平面天线，其特征在于：使所述第二隙缝(232)在所述天线的第二工作频带谐振。
4.如权利要求2所述的平面天线，其特征在于：所述天线还具有第三工作频带，以及使所述第二隙缝(232)在所述第三工作频带谐振。
5.一种无线电装置(MS)，它具有至少有第一和第二工作频带的平面天线(500)，所述天线包括接地平面和辐射平面元件，所述辐射平面元件具有：天线馈电点和短接点；第一隙缝，它在所述平面元件的一边开口，从所述短接点看，所述第一隙缝将所述平面元件分成第一和第二辐射分部；以及第二辐射隙缝，它在所述平面元件的所述边缘开口，使得所述馈电点和所述短接点均位于所述第一和第二隙缝之间的区域内，其特征在于：为了改善天线的匹配，所述平面天线(500)还包括第二短接导体，从所述馈电导体看，所述第二短接导体位于所述第二隙缝开口端的另一侧。
CNB200410008260XA 2003-02-27 2004-02-27 多频带平面天线 Expired - Fee Related CN100373698C (zh)

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US6911945B2 (en) 2005-06-28
EP1453140A1 (en) 2004-09-01
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DE602004002413T2 (de) 2007-10-11
US20040169611A1 (en) 2004-09-02

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