CN1521425A - Automatic variable drive with five functions - Google Patents

Abstract

A five-function automatic stepless gear, wherein a round inclined disc and a reciprocating wobbling pendulum bar in rotating motion with the round inclined disc are pivoted on the input shaft for pushing the clutch installed on the output shaft, thus exporting the rotational speeds. By changing the angle of inclination of the inclined disc, the variable gear ratio can be changed. The invention can realize automatic non-stage transmission and speed reduction, and can be widely applied into the equipment mating with thermal engines and dynamo-electric motors.

Description

The five-function automatic stepless speed variator

The invention belongs to speed changer, be power particularly or be the speed changer of power with the motor with hot machine.

Known is comparatively to it is desirable to hydraulic mechanical type in the automatic stepless speed variator of power with hot machine, it is by speeder, fluid coupling or torque-converters, compositions such as speed-changing gear box and hydraulic element, and this speed changer transmission efficiency is low, complex structure, manufacture cost height, and waste fuel oil, and known be that using more in the stepless speed variator of power is the friction type mechanical stepless transmission with the motor, form by friction wheel and friction element, its transmission efficiency is low, and the life-span is short, and is difficult for extensive use.

The objective of the invention is to overcome above deficiency, provide a kind of simple in structure, reliable operation, the efficient height, multiple functional, can be widely used in the speed changer on the various apparatuses that need speed change.

The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: this five-function stepless speed variator, comprise input shaft, coupled speed regulator, swash plate, two-way controllable overrunning clutch, output shaft, and on input shaft, be hinged with round swash plate, on the cylindrical of swash plate double thrustbearing is housed, be fixed with some forks on the bearing outer ring, wherein respectively insert in the joint shaft bearing that links with two-way controllable overrunning clutch, away from two symmetrical forks on the swash plate of output shaft near two symmetrical forks on the swash plate of output shaft, one of them and position-limited lever are hinged, and the speed governing axle is housed in the input shaft center hole.

Among the present invention, the rotation of importing into from input shaft is by swash plate fork reciprocating swing, promote clutch and do the pulse rotation, the alternatively swinging of single or multiple clutches is because the inertia of the quality of system rotates the output shaft pulse, change swashplate angle and just can change speed ratio, thereby reach the speed change purpose, this equipment component is few, and Transmitted chains is short, therefore have simple in structure, the advantage that efficient is high.Different according to the radical of dress output shaft and assembling form among the present invention, and the structure difference of speed regulator make it have multiple function.It is can be used for hot machine is automobile, locomotive, tank, naval vessel of power etc., and also can be used for the motor is on the engineering machinery such as lathe, winch of power.

The present invention has the following drawings.

Fig. 1, automobile " five-function automatic stepless speed variator " structural representation.

Among the figure: 1-input shaft, 2-garden swash plate, the two-way thrust shaft water of 3-, 3.1-bearing inner race, 3.2-bearing outer ring, 4-two-way controllable overrunning clutch, 4.1 joint shaft bearing, 5-semiaxis, 5.1-wheel, the 6-fork, 7-connecting rod, 8-position-limited lever, 0-swash plate center and input shaft center joint, a-descending retarder, b-two half-nuts, β-swashplate angle, c, d, e-speed regulator.

Fig. 2, the A-A of Fig. 1 is to view.

Fig. 3, descending retarder structural representation.

Among the figure: a1-power source, a2-garden ring seat, a3-elasticity zone circle, the moist high-abrasive material of a4-, a5-brake drum.

Fig. 4, the input shaft sectional drawing.

I 9-speed governing axle among the figure, 1.1-position limit pin, b1-two half-nuts, b2-pin.The 7-connecting rod.

Fig. 5, the B-B sectional drawing of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6, (engineering stepless speed reducer) static speed changing structure sketch.

Fig. 7, (engineering stepless speed reducer) be the speed changing structure sketch dynamically.

Among the figure: C1-set screw nut, C2-screw plug, the little ring piston of 12-, the little ring piston of 12.1-external splines, 1.2-input shaft end internal spline.The Mn-steep-lead thread.

Fig. 8, electromagnetic type automatic stepless speed-regulating device structural representation.

Among the figure: d1-coil, d2-armature, d3-ring, d4-cylinder cap, the big ring piston of d5-, d6-annular cylinder, 11-Returnning spring.

Fig. 9, centrifugal automatic stepless speed-regulating device structural representation.

Among the figure: e1-annular cylinder, the big ring piston of e2-, e3-flies piece, and e3.1-flies the piece bearing pin, and e4-flies block, and e4.1-flies the block internal spline.

Figure 10, electromagnetism direct-acting type automatic stepless speed-regulating device structural representation.

Figure 11, stepless speed reducer output shaft structural representation.Among the figure: 5 '-d-axis.

Figure 12, electromagnetism Lever type automatic stepless speed-regulating device structural representation.

Figure 13, centrifugal direct-acting type automatic stepless speed-regulating device structural representation.

Among the figure: the 9.3-ring cowling, 9.4-encircles pad.

Figure 14, stepless speed variable device structural representation.

Among the figure: 5 '-d-axis, c, f-speed regulator.

Figure 15, d-axis rotating rule structural representation.

Among the figure: f1-rule wheel, f2-contact, f2.1-guide rod, f3-guiding groove.

Be described further below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment 1, automobile five-function automatic stepless speed variator.

So-called five-function is meant that clutch (device), speed change (device), deceleration (device), differential (device) and braking (device) the five kinds of functions automobile are integrated in one.

The symmetry hinge is adorned two garden swash plates 2 on power input shaft 1 as shown in Figure 1, swash plate is fixed with double thrustbearing 3 on the 2 outer gardens, the fork 6 of intrinsic two symmetries on the outer ring 3.2 of each bearing, wherein the swash plate near semiaxis 5 is called working disk, two forks insert respectively in the joint shaft bearing 4.1 that links with two-way controllable overrunning clutch 4, swash plate away from semiaxis 5 is called Balance disc, and in the fork of two symmetries on it one is hinged with body mutually with position-limited lever 8.Two swash plates respectively have a connecting rod 7 outward swash plate 2 and two two half-nut b hinge connection that are sleeved on the input shaft 1, the end of input shaft 1 is associated with speed regulator c, d, e, be set with speed governing axle 9 (Fig. 4 shows) in input shaft 1 center hole, speed governing axle 9 one ends have restraining groove, the position limit pin 1.1 that connects firmly with input shaft 1 inserts wherein, in the intermediate portion, one place is shaped on right-handed thread M, an adjacent place is shaped on a left-handed thread M left side, be sleeved on two two half-nut b on the input shaft 1, by the breach on the input shaft 1, respectively with speed governing axle 9 on left and right hand thread screw mutually.Be shaped on steep-lead thread Mn at speed governing axle 9 near speed regulator c, d, e place, screw (Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 13) mutually with internal thread on speed regulator c, d, the medium and small ring piston 12 of e.Semiaxis 5, one ends and wheel 5.1 link, and an end and two-way controllable overrunning clutch 4 and descending retarder a (Fig. 1) link.

Motor and output shaft 1 direct connection are synchronous during work, driving swash plate 2 rotates, reason owing to double thrustbearing 3, swashplate angle β greater than 0 situation under, fork 6 just drives clutch 4 and makes 2 β angular oscillatory motions, because clutch 4 is two-way controlled, is still mono-directional overrun clutch in one direction, so drive the pulse rotation that clutch 4 is done unidirectional 2 β angles by fork 6.

Because the center 0 of swash plate 2 overlaps with the center 0 of input shaft 1, both sides have bearing pin that swash plate 2 and input shaft 1 are hinged, and connecting rod 7 is hinged swash plate 2 mutually with two half-nut b that are enclosed within input shaft 1.The axial displacement of so little ring piston 12, because of steep-lead thread can not self-locking reason, speed governing axle 9 is rotated with respect to input shaft 1, revolving two the two half-nut b that screw thread screws mutually and produce rightabout displacement simultaneously on it with about two sections, effect by connecting rod 7, just make two swash plates simultaneously in the other direction around bearing pin and little commentaries on classics promptly changes angle of inclination beta simultaneously.Also just changed the speed of a motor vehicle.

How does little ring piston 12 produce axial displacement? 1, pulling type (as shown in Figure 7): with external force rotation screw plug C2, because double thrustbearing 3 connects, the slow rotation of screw plug C2 drives the axial displacement of little ring piston 12.Mesh if on the screw plug C2 of Fig. 7 head, add garden post (or umbrella shape) gear and a tooth bar (or bevel gear), the displacement of pedal board is converted into the rotation of C2, add Returnning spring again, just can obtain the simplest formula automatic stepless speed variator of car, ship class apparatus.

2, displacement amplifying type: (as shown in Figure 8) coil d1 attracts to insert armature d2 wherein, armature d2 links with big ring piston d5 by ring d3, double thrustbearing 3, big ring piston d5 and little ring piston 12 are the sealing connecting vessels, be full of the steel ball that oil lubrication is arranged between two-piston and make the work medium, because the long-pending anchor ring than little ring piston of the anchor ring of big ring piston is long-pending much bigger, when big ring piston d5 did little axial displacement, little ring piston 12 just produced axially big displacement like this.

3, direct aspiration-type: (as shown in figure 10) armature d2 is by ring d3, and double thrustbearing 3 and little ring piston 12 directly link, and it is that little ring piston moves that armature moves.More than supply with electromagnet coil in two kinds of electromagnet aspiration-types direct current supply with by the DC generator that becomes positive certainty ratio to connect with engine output shaft, when coil turn one timing, the attraction force that electromagnet produces is directly proportional with electric current [strength, and electric current [strength is directly proportional with engine revolution, change engine revolution like this, say briefly, change the size of throttle, just changed the size at β angle.Also just changed the speed that automobile advances.

4, centrifugal amplifying type: (as shown in Figure 9) flies piece e3 and axle e3.1 connects firmly, the ring-type inclined-plane of e3 end matches with the ring-type inclined-plane of big annular piston e2 end, be full of the steel ball that oil lubrication is arranged between big ring piston e2 and the little ring piston 12 and make the work medium, during work, fly piece e3 under centrifugal action, radial displacement.Promote big ring piston e2 by its inclined-plane and produce axial displacement, because the big or small ring piston space is a connecting vessels, and the anchor ring that encircles piston greatly is long-pending more much bigger than little ring piston ring area, does axial little displacement so encircle piston e2 greatly, makes little ring piston 12 just produce axially big displacement by steel ball liquid.

5, centrifugal direct-acting type: (as shown in figure 13) in like manner the inclined-plane of e3 one end and the ring-type inclined-plane of little ring piston 12 1 ends matches, and e3 produces radial displacement during work under centrifugal action.Directly promote little ring piston 12 by the inclined-plane and produce axial displacement.More than all be to drive little ring piston by centrifugal force to produce axial displacement in two kinds of centrifugal drive-types, the size of the centrifugal force that e3 produces is directly proportional with the input shaft revolution, and motor is synchronous with axle 1 direct connection, says to be exactly the size that depends on throttle briefly.

How does the present invention realize automatic stepless speed change? the tight elastic force that gives of spring 11 equals the motor end thrust that little ring piston 12 is subjected under idling operation, no matter end thrust is mechanical centrifugal force, still the electromagnetic attraction increase and decrease that all is directly proportional with engine speed, the degree increase and decrease that the elastic force of spring 11 then is compressed by spring or stretches, under any operating mode, all being end thrust equates that with axial elastic force stepless change throttle is big or small, also with regard to stepless change the speed of a motor vehicle.

How does the present invention realize that clutch, speed change, deceleration, differential, five kinds of functions of braking are in one? when throttle little of to a certain degree (being throttle at idle), spring 11 is just pushed little ring piston 12 to one extreme, make swashplate angle β=0, promptly motor is changeing, and fork 6 is motionless, power output is cut off, be clutch separation, open the throttle, β＞0, kinetic force output is equivalent to the clutch closure.β angle size is a speed of a motor vehicle height, is exactly that speed change is slowed down.A two-way controllable overrunning clutch independently is housed on the every semiaxis 5, and one on clutch is in work, and another is in separated state, and two semiaxis 5 are independent rotation separately, and mutual noninterference can differential.How to realize again braking? as shown in Figure 3, a1-is the brake power source, can be electromagnetic type, hydraulic type, pneumatic type, mechanical type and combined type, the brake drum that a5-is and semiaxis links, a3-Elastic Steel band, ring inwall, intrinsic moist high-abrasive material a4.When automobile (descending) needed braking, spring steel ring a3 encased brake drum a5, has just played braking action.

In above-mentioned several speed change scheme, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are applicable to hot machine to be high speed (being big β angle) car, the ship class apparatus of power.Figure 10, Figure 13 be applicable to hot machine be power in, low speed (being little β angle) car, ship class apparatus, the artificer thinks Purely mechanical (Fig. 9, Figure 13) the best in all schemes.But the displacement of pedal board by method transmission such as flexible body or fluid power, is changed into the axial displacement of little ring piston 12, the simplest formula automatic stepless speed variator that just becomes skeleton symbol car, ship class apparatus to use.

Embodiment 2, stepless speed variable device.

As shown in figure 14, basic structure is identical with precedent, and different is output shaft 5 ' be a d-axis is equipped with two-way controllable overrunning clutch 4 on two on it, and two clutch alternations during running make output shaft 5 ' make unidirectional pulse to rotate.

The speed regulating method of retarder: 1, static speed governing (Fig. 6 shows), speed variable device is in state of rest, rotates speed governing axle 9 with external force, changes the β angle.2, dynamic speed adjustment: (Fig. 7 shows) retarder at work, artificial or electronic rotation screw plug C2 because double thrustbearing 3, spurs little ring piston 12 and moves axially, and changes the β angle.3, dynamically by rule automatic transmission (Figure 15 shows).Some field of employment requirement output shaft 5 ' in one changes, do non-uniform rotation on demand, at this moment adorn rotating rule wheel f1 at the contact f2 place of 12 1 in little ring piston end, wheel f1 and output shaft 5 ' link, under the effect of spring 11, contact f2 is close to rule wheel f1, and little ring piston 12 is made axial stretching by the given rule of wheel f1 fully, by speed governing axle 9, the transfer function of connecting rod 7 grades constantly changes the β angle, thereby makes output shaft 5 ' according to rule given in advance running.

Used two-way controllable overrunning clutch among the present invention is not known two-way controllable overrunning clutch, but I oneself another patent of invention---screw thread type overrunning clutch and application thereof (patent No. 02108356,8).

Claims (9)

1, a kind of five-function automatic stepless speed variator, comprise input shaft (1) and the speed regulator (c that links with it, d, e,), garden swash plate (2), two-way controllable clutch (4) and the semiaxis (5) that links with it etc., it is characterized in that: be hinged with garden swash plate (2) on the input shaft (1), double thrustbearing (3) is housed on the outer garden of swash plate, intrinsic fork (6) on the bearing outer ring, fork (6) near semiaxis (5) is inserted in the joint shaft bearing (4.1) that links to each other with clutch (4), be hinged mutually with frame with position-limited lever (8) away from one of the fork of semiaxis (5), connecting rod (7) cuts with scissors connection to swash plate (2) mutually with two half-nuts (b) on being contained in input shaft (1), and two half-nuts (b) by the breach on the input shaft (1) be sleeved on input shaft (1) center hole in speed governing axle (9) on screw thread revolve mutually and join, semiaxis (5) outer end and wheel (5.1) link, inner and two-way controllable overrunning clutch (4) links, and clutch side and break (a) link.

2, stepless speed variator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: being inserted on the speed governing axle (9) in input shaft (1) center hole has restraining groove, and the pin (1.1) that input shaft (1) connects firmly inserts wherein, one section near the center is shaped on right-handed thread (M), adjacent one section is shaped on left-handed thread (a M left side) at close speed regulator (c, d, e,) end is shaped on steep-lead thread (Mn), the endoporus of the little ring piston (12) of only doing axial displacement in the speed regulator is the internal thread that screws mutually with speed governing axle head steep-lead thread (Mn), and external diameter is the outer pattern chain (12.1) that matches with input shaft (1) end internal spline.

3, stepless speed variator according to claim 2 is characterized in that, encircles greatly to be the sealing connecting vessels between piston (d5, e2) and little ring piston (12), and big or small piston space is a working medium to be full of the steel ball that oiling agent is arranged.

4, stepless speed variator according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: screw other end at the terminal little ring piston (12) of speed governing axle (9), and screw plug (C2) links with double thrustbearing (3), screw plug (C2) holds internal thread (C1) hole that is shaped on screw thread on the external diameter and is fixed on the frame to screw greatly.

5, stepless speed variator according to claim 4, the axial displacement of big ring piston (d5) is to attract to finish by electromagnet, it is characterized in that: and the coil (d1) that connects firmly of frame, attract to insert armature (d2) wherein, armature links by the outer shroud three of ring (d3) with double thrustbearing (3), the interior ring of bearing (3) links with big ring piston (d5) right-hand member, and the one side of little ring piston (12) contacts with the big steel ball liquid that encircles between piston (d5), and another side contacts with Returnning spring (11).

6, the axial displacement according to claim 5 and the big ring piston of described stepless speed variator (e2) is to finish by the centrifugal force that flies piece (e3, e3.1), it is characterized in that: fly piece frame (e4) and connect firmly mutually with input shaft (1), flying sliding being fitted in of piece axle (e3.1) flies in the piece frame (e4), flying piece (e3) is solidified as a whole with axle (e3.1), the one side that flies piece (e3) has the ring-type inclined-plane to cooperate with the big ring-type inclined-plane that encircles about piston (e2), the one side of little ring piston (12) contacts with the big steel ball liquid that encircles between piston (e2), and another side contacts with Returnning spring (11).

7, nothing according to claim 6 is produced speed changer, and the between centers displacement of little ring piston (12) directly drives by electromagnet, it is characterized in that: little ring piston (12) one ends by double thrustbearing (3), encircle (d3) direct and armature (d2) and link.

8, stepless speed variator according to claim 7, the axial displacement of little ring piston directly drives by centrifugal force, it is characterized in that: fly the direct driving in ring-type inclined-plane of piece (e3) end and the ring-type inclined-plane of little ring piston (12) one and produce axial displacement.

9, stepless speed variator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two two-way controllable overrunning clutch (4) are arranged on the output shaft (5 ').

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