CN1520118A - 解聚视听组件的方法和系统 - Google Patents

解聚视听组件的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1520118A
CN1520118A CNA2003101207010A CN200310120701A CN1520118A CN 1520118 A CN1520118 A CN 1520118A CN A2003101207010 A CNA2003101207010 A CN A2003101207010A CN 200310120701 A CN200310120701 A CN 200310120701A CN 1520118 A CN1520118 A CN 1520118A
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W·T·布兰科
D·M·加里三世
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R·G·阿特金森
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A·瓦拉维
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Abstract

本发明针对解聚和连接A/V组件并且传递A/V内容流信息的方法和系统。来自源设备的A/V流被压缩，用于在IP网络上传输到一个或多个输出设备。程序块设备能够把传统A/V系统集成到网络支持的A/V系统中。程序块设备用于提供模拟信号和IP协议转化，以及所接收A/V流数据分组的同步。同步多个输出设备上A/V流内容的提供和播放，以克服失真及其它网络特质，从而便于愉悦的用户体验。

Description

解聚视听组件的方法和系统
(1)技术领域
本发明涉及视听系统，尤其涉及用于连接、散布和体验视听内容流的系统和方法。
(2)背景技术
如今的家庭视听(A/V)内容包括来自许多制造商的过多硬件和软件。这些组件未完全影响如今现有的互用性和设备连接及通信中的各种进步。典型的A/V系统装置包括彼此硬线互连的多个设备，它们通常通过调谐器/源转换开关互连。因此，在一间屋子内或在房屋的有限区域内提供了这种系统的大量功能。例如，在具有合理能力的A/V组件的典型家庭中，孩子的房间可能有光盘(CD)播放器、扬声器和电视(TV)，但TV可能未与外部扬声器相连。然而，家庭活动室内的TV、数字光盘播放器(DVD)、VCR、扬声器和音响系统全部连接在一起。
虽然可能以单独方式或与家庭活动室组合的方式连接孩子房间内的组件，然而大多数人会证实使典型在组件间连接或者连结到遍布房间的扬声器的复杂性和麻烦，更不用说遍布整个房屋了。
参考图1讨论家庭内A/V系统和连接的典型示例。如图所示，典型的家庭系统可以包括卫星接收器电缆盒102、有数字音乐播放器的PC 104、VCR 106、CD/DVD播放器108、调谐器或源转换开关110、TV112、声音处理器114、放大器116、以及左声道扬声器118和右声道扬声器120。
卫星接收器102、PC 104、VCR 106、CD/DVD 108和TV112(统称为源设备)全部与调谐器/源转换开关110相连。一般而言，每个源设备都通过一对音频电缆单独连接到调谐器源转换开关110。每对音频电缆都提供了系统的左声道和右声道的信号。或者，可以使用数字点到点的互连，譬如Sony/Phillips(索尼/飞利浦)数字接口格式(SPDIF)，它是等时互连。然后，这些信号最终被导向左声道和右声道扬声器118、120之一。声音处理器114内可以包括在调谐器110内，或者在某些情况下包含在独立设备中。在任一情况下，声音处理器114对源信号进行进一步处理以产生像立体声、环绕声这样的声音及其它这样的声效。放大器116也可以结合在与调谐器110和声音处理器114相同的单元内。放大器116把信号的放大提供给左声道扬声器118和右声道扬声器120。
一般而言，目前描述的功能只有当单独组件适当地彼此互连时才是可行的。由于用户面临必须适当连接的多个连接器和多根电线，因此易于产生问题。进一步困扰用户的是把视听信息分布或延伸到家庭内多间房间的需求。传统的立体声系统不适用于扬声器或其它组件在长距离上的分布式控制和电线延伸。在这点上，A/V系统没有影响关于数据通信的最近技术革新的主要进步。强调电子A/V通信问题的企图一般受到限制，这是由于当前的硬连线操作模式和现今使用的物理组件。例如，当人们试图把组件放在离源组件很远的距离处时，A/V再现的质量降低。这部分由于所使用的物理电线内的信号损失以及缺少简单方法来控制多个连接的设备。
研究或解决与上述电线延伸有关的某些连接问题包括在组件间无线通信的专用方案，或者用家庭的AC布线作为在A/V组件间通信的媒质的非标准方案。这些企图在许多方面未达到它们的特征。某些缺点包括差的声音质量，这由于像来自其它设备的噪声或干扰这样的因素所产生。其它缺点与由于非标准硬件方法所产生的代价有关。已经抑制了在家庭A/V系统中以合理成本使用十分复杂的发射机和接收机的费用，从而允许通过这种媒质进行A/V分布。
切断源A/V设备和输出A/V设备间紧密连接的需求需要一种通信范例，它提供了这种设备间低成本、透明且智能的连接。
考虑到上述问题，需要提供一种能够解聚A/V组件的系统和方法。更重要的是，这种解聚基于一种方法，它独立于任何参与组件的位置和任何基础通信协议。而且，需要还能为这种A/V组件的安装和使用提供灵活方案和愉快的用户体验的系统和方法。甚至还需要一种解决对于A/V组件的位置和物理接近的限制的系统。
(3)发明内容
本发明针对连接A/V组件和传递A/V内容流信息的方法和系统。
一方面，本发明针对来自源设备的A/V流，它被封装以用于在网络上传输到一个或多个输出设备。
另一方面，本发明针对IP网络协议的使用。
又一方面，本发明针对一种设备，它能够把传统A/V系统结合在由网络支持的A/V系统中。
还有一方面，本发明针对同步多个输出设备上A/V流信息的提供和播放。
还有一方面，本发明针对在网状A/V设备间建立紧时同步的系统和方法。
本发明提供了来自源设备的A/V流，它被封装以用于在网络上传输到一个或多个输出设备。程序块(brick)设备能够把传统A/V系统集成到由网络支持的A/V系统中。程序块设备用于提供模拟信号和IP协议转换，以及接收到的A/V流数据分组的同步。同步在多个输出设备上A/V流内容的提供和播放，以克服失真及其它网络特异性，并且便于愉快的用户体验。
本发明的其它方面以及其优点和新颖特征会部分在下面的描述中提出，部分在本领域技术人员查阅过下文后将变得显而易见，或者可以从本发明的实践中得知。本发明的目的和优点由所附权利要求中指出的装置、工具或组合来实现。
(4)附图说明
下面参考附图描述了本发明，其中：
图1是家庭内视听组件的典型连接的说明性框图；
图2是结合本发明的IP网络内的视听连接的说明性框图；
图3是视听程序块的框图，它允许传统视听组件与本发明的后向兼容性；
图4是说明DVD源播放器到扬声器输出的传统视听连接的组件和流程的框图，用于把输出信号与源信号相关；以及
图5是说明在使用本发明的DVD播放器和扬声器的视听布局中使输出信号与源信号同步的组件和流程的框图。
(5)具体实施方式
本发明针对解聚A/V组件并且允许这些组件遍布在特定位置或在地理发散的区域内远程放置的系统和方法。本发明通过使用独立于组件间实际媒质的网络通信协议，提供了源和目的A/V组件间的通信。
在一实施例中，各种A/V组件通过诸如IEEE 802.11、10Base-T和HPNA等各种因特网协议(IP)网络相连。图2示出说明各种连接的示例性网络200。使用这种IP网络可以提供解聚的A/V流传递，但IP网络固有的其它问题引起内容传递中的同步问题。本发明解决了这些同步问题以及与传输延时有关的问题。本发明还通过使用“程序块”在IP流传递系统中提供了传统A/V组件的集成和使用。这里所用的“程序块”实质上是一组硬件和软件组件，它们提供IP网络和A/V组件或系统的传统模拟电路之间的交互性。下面参考图3更详细地讨论了程序块。为了说明的目的，将对各类程序块作出索引，仅为了帮助描述这些图并且指明组件内可能的差异。然而，无论所讨论的类型怎样，程序块概念上一半是IP、一半是A/V媒体。
返回图2，它示出示例性网络200。在网络200中，互连A/V组件的主机。更具体地说，数字视频光盘(DVD)播放器202、调谐器204、激光唱盘206和个人电脑(PC)208通过各个接口与IP通信云状框220相连，各个组件都被视作源设备。诸如扬声器(左声道232和右声道236)和显示器240这样的接收设备也连接到通信云状框220。本发明不限于图2所示的特定源设备或接收设备。此外，便于网络同步的时间主设备228也连接到通信云状框220。还示出接入点设备218，它为多个无线网络设备中的任一个提供接口。如前所述，网络200可包括广域网(WAN)和因特网。示出块226以说明因特网到通信云状框220的连接。通信云状框220可能还包括几个互连的组件，譬如DSL调制解调器224、10/100转换开关222、路由器及其它这样的通信耦合设备。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，上述每一个A/V设备和组件需要一接口来与网络云状框220相连。为了说明目的但非限制，示出并讨论某些组件为具有特定类型的IP网络连接。应该理解，IP接口或连接的类型对于本发明的系统和方法而言是透明的。而且，尽管所示与通信云状框220的接口是独立组件，然而本发明还预期某些或全部组件还可以直接结合在A/V设备内。当结合在A/V设备内时，单独的程序块接口就是不必要的。但是为了适应传统A/V源和接收设备，必需提供程序块。
在本说明中，所示DVD播放器202通过类型-1程序块210连接。类型-1程序块210包含MPEG转换器，它处理来自DVD播放器202的信息的视频部分。类型-1程序块210内还可见模拟数字转换器(ADC)用于处理来自DVD播放器202的信号的模拟部分。类型-1程序块210的另一组件是网络接口。可以通过特定的网络接口卡(NIC)或某些其它集成电路来提供与网络的连接。在所述DVD播放器202的情况下，使用802.11NIC来提供到通信云状框220的无线连接。无线连接通过802.11接入点218完成。因此，类型-1程序块能使来自源DVD播放器202的A/V内容流动到IP网络200上，用于提供任何数量的IP兼容性A/V接收设备。
以与DVD播放器202类似的方式，调谐器/放大器204也与网络200的通信云状框220相连。调谐器/放大器204通过类型-2程序块212相连。类型-2程序块212包含模拟数字转换器(ADC)，用于处理来自调谐器/放大器404的信号的模拟音频部分。类型-2程序块212还包含网络接口，用于把源信息放置在IP网络200上。在这种情况下，连接也是由802.11NIC提供的。
CD播放器206也与通信云状框220相连。CD播放器206通过类型-3程序块214相连。类型-3程序块214包含模拟数字转换器(ADC)，用于处理来自CD播放器206的信号的模拟部分。类型-3程序块通过10Base-T NIC提供网络连接，该NIC与通信云状框220的10/100转换开关222直接连线。
如图所示，PC 208也可以通过多种适当网络接口卡216之一与通信云状框220相连。这种情况下，NIC 216包含在PC 208内，并且与10/100转换开关222连线。
来自任一源A/V设备202-208的所有信号最终被一个或多个接收设备消耗。接收设备提供或者给出信号，用于终端用户的聆听/观察愉悦。某些A/V流的示例性接收设备用扬声器232、236和显示器240来说明。左声道扬声器232通过类型-4程序块230连接到并从通信云状框220接收信息。右声道扬声器236通过类型-4程序块234连接到并从通信云状框230接收信息。类型-4程序块230、234包括网络接口，譬如10Base-T NIC和数字模拟转换器(DAC)。实际上，类型-4程序块230、234接收IP流信息并将其转化成可由扬声器232、236播放的模拟信号。视频显示器240能够提供通过类型-5程序块238从通信云状框220接收到的图形图像。类型-5程序块238包括NIC和用于解压缩视频信号的MPEG解码器。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，为了简洁而大大简化了各个上述程序块的描述。参考图3更详细地讨论程序块，尤其是类型-5程序块。还可以理解，其它程序块类型也在本发明范围内，且各程序块都包含相似且适当的组件，它们适合程序块所连接的特定A/V设备。
转到图3，它示出类型-5程序块，尤其称为程序块300。程序块300可以是单独的组件，并且主要是过渡设备，它使用户能受益于本发明的优点而仍能使他们的投资最小。换言之，程序块300使用户能把标准A/V设备与IP网络200相连。这通过提供物理和逻辑桥接而完成，这些桥接使用户能在IP分布网络内使用他们的现有A/V系统。在本发明另一实施例中，程序块300的功能或其组件被内建或结合在单独的A/V组件内。这去除了对单独程序块300组件的需求。在任一情况下，程序块300都包括一半是IP网络相关的，一半是A/V媒质。这一半A/V媒质根据程序块是指向源设备还是接收设备而改变。源设备的示例包括调谐器、麦克风和DVD播放器，而接收设备包括扬声器和显示器。
一般而言，程序块300包括网络通信组件或网络接口卡(NIC)304、电源单元302、微处理器组件306、DAC组件308和放大器310。在单独程序块300的情况下，程序块内每个组件都需要功率。该功率由电源单元302所提供。如前面所讨论的，NIC 304向IP网络提供接口。微处理器组件306包括时钟组件和IP栈接口。微处理器组件306便于同步及这里所述一般功能所需的其它过程。当程序块用于接收A/V设备类型时DAC组件308理想地存在，而当程序块用于源A/V设备时一般会发现ADC组件。任一转换器组件还结合了时钟机制来提供信号的定时和同步。放大器组件310提供了驱动接收A/V系统所需的模拟处理。
简要描述了本发明的环境之后，下列讨论将集中在本发明的某些其它方面，他们针对使用本发明的A/V系统的操作。一般前提下，IP网络不保证任何信息的及时传递。最佳效用的分组传递是所希望的。换言之，数据分组将会到达那里，何时到达，是否到达。这种IP网络的不确定性可归因于延时、等待时间、抖动、及其它固有的网络特性。但是，本发明提供了一种解决方式，尽管典型IP网络的这些阻滞，它也能以同步方式发送并接收A/V流。特别是，本发明提供了“紧时”同步的概念，用于A/V流信息的传输和播放。
A/V传输和播放同步通过在源设备和接收设备间建立时间同步而实现。时间同步通过对网络选择时间标准(time master)而获得。所有程序块和从属IP A/V设备将它们的时间与时间标准同步。操作中，发自源设备的A/V数据分组包括时标(t)。时标(t)从时钟标准设备228获得。传输数据分组内还包括延时指示(d)。总之，这些数据分组的时间相关分量指示接收设备何时提供信息。基本上每个接收设备都会等待提供相关分组，直到一特定的时间段(t+d)。这样，所有接收设备都会在时刻-t+d同时播放接收到的信息分组，无论设备处的信息实际上何时从源设备接收到。例如，假定有两个接收设备recvA和recvB。进一步假定数据分组用x秒到达设备recvA，用y秒到达设备recvB。在x和y秒小于所指定的分组延时指示d时，recvA和recvB都会在时刻t+d同步播放/提供分组，无论何时接收到分组。
紧时概念提供了IP网络内人类观察到的音频和视频信息的同步。音频与视频同步通常被称为口形吻合。众所周知，声速约为每毫秒1英尺，而光速约为每纳秒1英尺。因此，人所观察到的视觉信息会比同时产生的任何伴随声响更快地到达人脑。通过本领域内的各种实验和研究，已经确定并且一般接受了负8毫秒(8mSec)到正20或30毫秒(+20/30mSec)的范围约为声像延时的检测阈值。换言之，视觉观察到的事件和伴随声响之间的延时必需落在所述范围内以便不被察觉。更具体地说，当处理A/V流时，如果声响早于视频8毫秒到达或晚于视频20毫秒到达，对于听者而言就不会显著地分开。
当音频信息指向两个或多个说话者时，需要信号的较紧定相，以便确保对于听者没有显著的失真。最简单的失真是回声，但更微小的失真因为信号对消而发生。学术文献中尚未清晰描绘过用于维持质量立体声图像(或为较多信道数目)的紧密定时，但是10微秒内的时间准确度还是可以辨认的。某些电影制片厂使用准确度必须是所关心的最高频率的1/4波长的法则。因此，20KHz信号会需要12.5微秒的定时准确度。当信号通过网络被发送到接收设备时，本发明采用技术来解决并且使这种失真的可能性最小。该技术基于所有接收设备同步信号播放的概念。
如上所述，总的法则是同步到12微秒(12μsec)应该提供制片厂质量收听者体验。如果仅需要音频到视频的同步，则同步大大减小。本发明的所有源设备和接收设备都同步它们的时钟以提供单个参考点。同步通过参照单个标准时间设备228实现。然而应该注意到，这些设备时钟的同步准确度取决于每个设备怎样与标准时间设备相连，例如，有线对无线的连接。接收设备与网络相连所使用的媒质的传播延时方差影响了从标准时间设备228接收到的同步时间的准确度。然而，在所有接收设备处于同步时，全体接收设备与源设备不同步多久是没关系的。换言之，接收设备间的紧时同步允许同步播放和重现，因此增强了用户的听觉愉悦度。因此，本发明一特征在于提供了紧时同步。
引入了本发明的“紧时”概念后，将参考图4和5讨论A/V流紧时同步的实现。图4说明了用于处理索尼飞利浦互换格式(SPDIF)信息的传统锁相环(PLL)。如图所示，源DVD 402提供以SPDIF方式的信号，信号被PLL 406采样并且在通过扬声器锥形408播放前被DAC 404所接收。这种布局一般用于解决源设备的内部时钟间的不一致性，譬如DVD 402和像DAC 404这样的典型中间设备。例如，尽管DVD402可能工作在44.1kHz的频率，且DAC 404也可能工作在44.1kHz的频率，然而由于电子组件的特性，这两个频率不会完全一致。这两个频率可能是零点几的分数近似的。换言之，DVD可能实际在44.0877kHz，而DAC 404实际在44.0994kHz。因此，在长期时间段以及每隔一会儿一次地会存在DAC 404内缓冲下溢或上溢的条件。换言之，根据两个组件中哪一个更快，DAC 404可能以用空缓冲器而结束，再没有内容传递给扬声器。或者，DVD 402在DAC的缓冲器内可能没有地方放置新信息。PLL 406能够纠正这种差异。纠正造成设备间的相同相位从而产生同步。PLL 406聆听来自DVD 402的进入信号，并且通过加速或减慢从DAC 404缓冲器外出的信息流而相应地调节DAC 404。
在本发明中，图2所示连接在网络200上的源设备和接收设备是不同地同步的。图5说明了本发明内的一种布局，用于提供图2的源DVD播放器202和扬声器232之间的同步。如图5所示，源DVD 202向源程序块210提供一信号，然后后者将该信息放在网络通信云状框220上。接收程序块230从网络通信云状框220接收信息，并且使其能够通过扬声器锥形232播放。在这种布局中，通过将时钟510连接到DAC 512而实现同步，DAC 512接着向程序块230提供反馈，用于调整A/V流信息的提供。
A/V信息流发自DVD 202并由程序块210适当地转化成IP协议，用于传输到与网络通信云状框220相连的几个接收设备之一。IP网络上的传输是非等同步的。换言之，IP网络在变化的时间基准发送数据分组。因此，不能可靠地预期指向目的地的分组会在固定时间间隔到达，或者以固定时间长度处于过渡。因此，A/V流信息的同步必须是灵活且可变的。因此，仅使用固定时间延时的简化解决方式不会达到提供A/V流所需的高度连续且可保持的同步。因此，时钟510与DAC 512束缚在一起，使得时钟510根据IP网络分组传递而加速或减慢，DAC 512对声音的提供也相应地加速和减慢。然而，不像图4所述的情况，其中PLL 406可以聆听到来的等同步信息，该选项在处理IP网络时无效。换言之，不可能把PLL束缚到IP网络的非等同步流内。PLL仅能工作在等同步环境中。
返回图5，由于不能与来自网络通信云状框220的流直接联系，因此本发明使用时钟510的独立时间机制，以及前面讨论的包含在A/V IP流内的时间同步信息。然后，用这种组合信息来加速或减慢A/V流的提供。使用共同时间把非等同步网络转化成等同步网络的更详细的描述可以在美国专利申请序列号09/836834中得知，该申请通过引用被结合于此。
当应用于多个源设备和接收设备时，A/V数据的同步造成同时的接收输出设备。用户能够任意地在网络上连接A/V设备，并将A/V内容散布在那些设备上而维持用户收听愉悦度的可接受标准和质量。通过使用固有的网络交换性能，可以完全去消图1的A/V转换开关。A/V内容流被调停和同步，用于在多个接收设备处输出。本发明的系统和方法克服了造成由于网络失真而对收听者的失真、以及IP网络特质的问题。
本领域的技术人员可以理解，个人电脑或其它计算设备可以用于执行上述功能。特别是，可以用个人电脑工作环境来实现图2的时间标准228、图3的程序块300，或者提供图2的示例性网络内所述的任一单独或组合设备的功能。
这些功能也可以以多种组合和配置在任何一个或多个计算设备上执行，且这种变体是在本发明的范围内构想的。
本发明提供了与使用IP协议在网络上把A/V信息发送给多个设备有关的许多优点和目的，使传统A/V设备连接到网络并且在输出设备处提供了紧时提供和同步而不使A/V内容失真。
本发明已经关于特定的实施例而描述，这些实施例都是说明性的而非限制性的。其它实施例对于本领域的技术人员而言也是显而易见的，本发明属于该领域且不背离其范围。
从上述可见，本发明完全能实现上面提出的目的，以及对该系统和方法显然且固有的优点。可以理解，某些特征和子组合是具有实用性的，并且可以不引用其它特征和子组合而被采用。这是预料中的并且在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于解聚视听系统的方法，包括：
从源设备提供视听流作为一个或多个数据分组在网络上通信；在所述网络上发送所述一个或多个数据分组；接收所述数据分组并从中获得所述视听流；以及以同步方式提供所述视听流的多输出设备。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述源设备和所述输出设备位于地理上分散的区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述源设备和所述接收设备位于附近并且连接在本地局域网上。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分组结合了时标以及一个或多个提供或播放信息项。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述网络是IP网络。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于还包括，控制所述视听流的提供从而使所述视听流的输出在所述输出设备上同步。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述视听流的提供的控制是通过时间操纵的，它通过使用所述一个或多个提供或播放信息项来指明所述输出设备何时应该开始重现或播放所述视听流。
8.一种用于解聚视听系统的系统，包括：第一和第二程序块；视听源设备；以及一个或多个视听输出设备；其中所述视听源设备产生一视听流，并且通过所述第一程序块与网络耦合；所述一个或多个输出设备通过所述第二程序块与所述网络相连，用于接收并重现来自所述视听源设备的所述视听流，其中所述第一和第二程序块通过网络接口组件和模拟视听组件提供协议转换。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第二程序块在所述一个或多个输出设备上为所述视听流提供定时同步。
10.一种用于解聚视听系统的系统，包括：程序块；以及一个或多个视听输出设备；其中所述一个或多个输出设备通过所述程序块与网络相连，用于接收并重现来自视听源设备的视听流，其中所述程序块通过网络接口组件和模拟视听组件提供协议转换。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述程序块在所述一个或多个输出设备上为所述视听流提供定时同步。
12.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述程序块是与所述一个或多个输出设备独立的组件。
13.如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，所述程序块集成在所述一个或多个输出设备内。
14.计算环境中的一种方法，用于在一个或多个输出设备上同步从源设备的视听流的重现，该方法包括：在分布网络上标识时间标准；向源设备和一个或多个输出设备提供至少一个时间组件，所述时间组件对应于从所述时间标准获得的信息；以及在一个或多个输出设备上使用所述时间组件来建立一同步重现视听流的共同时间。
15.一种具有处理器、存储器和操作环境的计算机系统，所述计算机系统用于执行一种方法，用于在一个或多个输出设备上同步从源设备的视听流的重现，所述方法包括：在分布网络上标识时间标准；向源设备和一个或多个输出设备提供至少一个时间组件，所述时间组件对应于从所述时间标准获得的信息；以及在一个或多个输出设备上使用所述时间组件来建立一同步重现视听流的共同时间。
16.一种具有计算机可执行指令的计算机可读媒质，所述指令用于执行解聚视听系统的方法，所述方法包括：从源设备提供视听流作为一个或多个数据分组，用于在网络上通信；在所述网络上发送所述一个或多个数据分组；接收所述数据分组并从中获得所述视听流；以及使用输出设备间的时间同步方法在多个输出设备上重现所述视听流。
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