CN1511964A - Process for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorptive method - Google Patents
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- CN1511964A CN1511964A CNA02145583XA CN02145583A CN1511964A CN 1511964 A CN1511964 A CN 1511964A CN A02145583X A CNA02145583X A CN A02145583XA CN 02145583 A CN02145583 A CN 02145583A CN 1511964 A CN1511964 A CN 1511964A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to adsorption process of extracting lithium from salt lake brine, and the process is suitable for producing lithium carbonate and lithium chloride with lithium-containing Qinghai saline lake brine, including concentrated lithium-containing Qinghai saline lake brine. The process includes sun shining saline lake brine to obtain concentrated lithium containing brine, adsorption of lithium ion with aluminum salt adsorbent, eluting adsorbed lithium ion with water, and refining and concentrating the elutriant to obtain material for preparing lithium carbonate and lithium chloride.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for extracting lithium from a solution, in particular to a technology for extracting lithium from lithium-containing salt lake brine and concentrated lithium-containing old brine in a salt pan by an aluminum salt type adsorbent adsorption method; the method is suitable for the production process of the Qinghai lithium-containing salt lake brine and the concentrated lithium-containing old brine in the salt pan and the production process of preparing lithium carbonate or lithium chloride from the Qinghai salt lake brine.
Background
The coexistence of lithium ion and a large amount of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal requires the economic recovery of lithium from natural multi-element salt lake brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio in a water-salt system, and depends on the concentration of lithium and magnesium and calcium ions. Magnesium-lithium separation is difficult due to the chemical similarity of magnesium and lithium. The lithium extraction of the brine produced abroad at present is only limited to the brine with lower magnesium concentration, the ratio of magnesium to lithium is less than 6: 1, while the ratio of magnesium to lithium of the brine of Qinghai salt lake is up to 300: 1, so that the simple method for removing salt and precipitating lithium carbonate by solarization by using the brine with low magnesium-lithium ratio cannot be directly used, otherwise, the alkali consumption is too large and the lithium salt loss is serious when the brine is refined. The primary problem of extracting lithium salt from salt lake brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio is to solve the problem of magnesium-lithium separation.
In the world, a plurality of methods such as salting-out method, organic solvent extraction method, roasting method, precipitation method and the like exist for extracting lithium from brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio. The methods have the characteristics aiming at the magnesium-lithium separation technology in the salt lake brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio. The tributyl phosphate extraction method adopts concentrated lithium-rich high-magnesium brine as a production raw material, has high recovery rate, but has long flow, serious equipment corrosion and high production cost, and can not realize industrialization further. The roasting method needs a large amount of hydrochloric acid and heavy MgO as byproducts, wherein the heavy MgO faces the problem of narrow market, the hydrochloric acid has very serious corrosion to equipment, the energy consumption of the whole process is high, and only indoor research work is carried out. The precipitation method is feasible, but has long process, large material turnover, multiple calcination and filtration, complex operation, low lithium concentration in hydrothermal decomposition or roasting leaching solution and large water evaporation amount during concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by an adsorption method, which aims at natural multi-element water-salt system lithium-containing salt lake brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio and concentrated lithium-containing old brine in a salt pan, solves the problem of difficult separation of magnesium and lithium in the brine, and provides qualified lithium-rich brine with low magnesium-lithium ratio for preparing lithium carbonate or lithium chloride.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following measures:
a method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by an adsorption method comprises the following steps: (1) feeding salt lake brine into an adsorption-desorption device containing an aluminum salt type adsorbent to carry out adsorption-desorption; wherein the aluminum salt type adsorbent in the adsorption-desorption device adsorbs lithium in the salt lake brine, and then an eluent is used for eluting and desorbing lithium ions; (2) after refining the eluent, qualified lithium-rich brine required by lithium carbonate or lithium chloride is prepared.
The aluminum salt type adsorbent is prepared by the following steps:
(1) insertion of LiCl into Al (OH)3Reaction to form intercalated LiCl.2Al (OH)3·nH2O compound；
(2) Dissolving high molecular polymer such as fluororesin, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, perchlorinated alkene, cellulose acetate butyrate and the like as a binder in a weight ratio of 1: 3-1: 15 in a volatile organic solvent, and adding inserted LiCl.2Al (OH) into the solvent in a weight ratio of 2: 1-3: 1 to the organic solvent3·nH2The compound O is then granulated and the solvent is removed to produce an aluminum salt type adsorbent.
The pH value in the reaction process of the step (1) is 4.5-5.4.
The LiCl 2Al (OH)3·nH2The static adsorption capacity of the O adsorbent is 6-7 mgLi+The dynamic adsorption capacity of the polymer is 4-6 mgLi+(ii) a working adsorption capacity of 2-3 mgLi+/g。
The particle size of the aluminum salt type adsorbent is 140 meshes<dp<10 mesh (U.S. standard sieve).
The ratio of the LiCl content in the aluminum salt type adsorbent to the total amount of the adsorbent is more than 60%.
The eluent is LiCl aqueous solution or water, wherein the concentration of LiCl in the LiCl aqueous solution is 0.02-4 g/L.
Wherein the pH value in the adsorption process is 3-8.
Wherein LiCl 2Al (OH)3·nH2O adsorbent to Li+The elution and adsorption of (a) is a dissolution and insertion reaction of LiCl on the adsorbent matrix. The reaction process is as follows:
the adsorption-desorption device can use fractional countercurrent elution when eluting, thereby saving eluent and improving the concentration of LiCl.
Theraw material can be concentrated lithium-containing brine obtained by evaporating lithium-containing salt lake brine.
The raw material can be concentrated lithium-containing old brine obtained by evaporating old brine after extracting potassium from lithium-containing salt lake brine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the adsorbent of the invention has simple preparation method, no environmental pollution, no waste residue and waste gas, good environment and low price.
2. The invention can be used for adsorption under the natural pH condition of brine, and does not need to use alkali to adjust the pH value.
3. The invention uses water to elute without acid, which can reduce the cost.
4. The invention uses the old brine after extracting potassium from the lithium-containing salt lake brine to carry out different scale test production, and proves that the invention is a feasible process and technology for extracting lithium from the salt lake brine. The method has the advantages of simple and reasonable process flow, convenient operation and innovation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples:
example one:
2M AlCl3The solution reacts with 5M NaOH solution (stoichiometric ratio) at room temperature to produce amorphous Al (OH)3And (4) microcrystals. Mixing Al (OH)3The microcrystal reacts with 6% LiCl solution (5 times excess) at 80 deg.C under stirring for 2 hr, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain LiCl.2Al (OH)3·nH2O powder, which is a defect type disordered structure and amorphous in X-ray diffraction. Dissolving polyvinyl chloride in cyclohexanone, adding LiCl 2Al (OH)3·nH2Mixing O powder into paste, extruding and cutting on a granulator, and drying in a ventilation way to remove the solvent. Adhesive in dry particles the adhesive in dry adsorbent particles accounts for 7-10% (weight percent), the mechanical strength is 99%, and the specific gravity is 1.2-1.5 g/cm3The specific surface area is 1.5-2.0 m2G, porosity of 0.2-0.3 cm3/g。
Example two:
the adsorption brine contains about 2g/L LiCl and 300-500 g/L total salt, the solid-liquid phase contact time of an adsorption section is 4.5-5.5 hours, a desorption solution is desalted water containing 0.03g/L LiCl, and the retention time of the desorption section is 3-4 hours. Adding one step of re-saturation before desorption, using 2-2.5 g/L LiCl solution without impurities to improve the adsorption capacity, washing off alkali metal and alkaline earth metal impurities on the adsorbent particles, and re-saturation time is 1.8-2.3 hours. The eluent composition was LiCl 3.0 g/L.
Example three
Brine composition (g/L): li+1.21，Na+1.03，K+0.67，Mg2+118.29，B2O31.60. After dilution, the lithium is absorbed by an adsorbent, the eluent obtained by leaching with pure water is used for removing magnesium and absorbing lithium by cation exchange resin, the magnesium is eluted by 10% NaCl, the lithium is eluted by 6% NaCl, and the cation exchange resin is regenerated by 1N HCl. The yield of lithium was 92%.
Claims (9)
1. A method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by an adsorption method comprises the following steps: (1) feeding salt lake brine into an adsorption-desorption device containing an aluminum salt type adsorbent to carry out adsorption-desorption; wherein the aluminum salt type adsorbent in the adsorption-desorption device adsorbs lithium in the salt lake brine, and then an eluent is used for eluting and desorbing lithium ions; (2) after refining the eluent, qualified lithium-rich brine required by lithium carbonate or lithium chloride is prepared.
2. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum salt type adsorbent is prepared by the steps of:
(1) insertion of LiCl into Al (OH)3Reaction to form intercalated LiCl.2Al (OH)3·nH2An O compound;
(2) dissolving high molecular polymer as adhesive in volatile organic solvent in the weight ratio of 1: 3-1: 15, adding inserted LiCl.2Al (OH) into the solvent in the weight ratio of 2: 1-3: 1 to the organic solvent3·nH2The compound O is then granulated and the solvent is removed to produce an aluminum salt type adsorbent.
3. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the high molecular polymer is one selected from the group consisting of fluorine resins, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, perchlorinated alkene, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
4. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by an adsorption method according to claim 2, wherein the pH value in the reaction process of the step (1) is 4.5-5.4.
5. The method for extracting lithium from salt lakebrine by adsorption according to claim 2, wherein LiCl 2Al (OH)3·nH2The static adsorption capacity of the O adsorbent is 6-7 mgLi+The dynamic adsorption capacity of the polymer is 4-6 mgLi+(ii) a working adsorption capacity of 2-3 mgLi+/g。
6. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the aluminum salt type adsorbent is 140 mesh<dp<10 mesh (U.S. standard sieve).
7. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the content of LiCl in the aluminum salt type adsorbent to the total amount of the adsorbent is more than 60%.
8. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the eluent is an aqueous solution of LiCl or water, wherein the concentration of LiCl in the aqueous solution of LiCl is 0.02-4 g/L.
9. The method for extracting lithium from salt lake brine by adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the pH value in the adsorption process is 3-8.
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