CN1508586A - 为均匀焊接调整激光强度的透镜 - Google Patents

为均匀焊接调整激光强度的透镜 Download PDF

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CN1508586A
CN1508586A CNA2003101223085A CN200310122308A CN1508586A CN 1508586 A CN1508586 A CN 1508586A CN A2003101223085 A CNA2003101223085 A CN A2003101223085A CN 200310122308 A CN200310122308 A CN 200310122308A CN 1508586 A CN1508586 A CN 1508586A
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lens combination
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斯科特·考德威尔
克雷格·布瑞塔拉
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073Shaping the laser spot
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/1667Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687Laser beams making use of light guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B29C65/1638Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics

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Abstract

一种激光焊接透镜组,用于在焊剂区将第一物品焊接到第二物品,包括输出激光束的激光源。光纤可操作地耦合到激光源以接收和传送激光束。然后,放置透镜以接收来自光纤的激光束。该透镜包括波状外形表面,该波状外形表面被形成以折射激光束,以产生跨越焊接区的一般均匀温度分布图。

Description

为均匀焊接调整激光强度的透镜
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及焊接,更特别地涉及一种产生均匀焊接的改进方法和装置。
背景技术
激光焊接通常用来在焊接区接合塑料或树脂零件例如汽车热塑性零件。激光的这种应用的例子可以在美国专利4,636,609号中找到,其在此引入作为参考。
如众所周知的,激光器提供特定频率的聚焦电磁辐射束(即相干单色辐射)。有许多类型的激光器可供使用;但是,红外激光器或非相干源提供相对经济的供加热焊接区使用的辐射能量源。红外焊接的一个具体例子称为透射红外焊接(TTIR)。TTIR焊接利用能够产生由光纤、波导或光导来引导通过第一塑料零件并进入第二塑料零件的红外辐射的红外激光器。该第一塑料零件经常称为透射件,因为它一般地允许来自激光器的激光束从中穿过。但是,第二塑料零件经常称为吸收件,因为该零件一般地吸收激光束的辐射能量以在焊接区中产生热量。焊接区中的该热量使得透射件和吸收件熔化从而焊接到一起。但是,由常规激光系统产生的热量经常不能提供一致、可靠和美感的焊接,这可能导致过多的浪费和/或增加的生产成本。
由红外激光产生的辐射能量可以通过许多传输装置例如单光纤、光纤束、波导、光导等或简单地通过将激光束直射到目标焊接区来传送到目标焊接区。在光纤束的情况下,光纤束可以被排列,以产生经常用于点焊的单点源激光束或经常用于线焊的一般线状分布的激光束。这些排列和传输装置的每一种都具有它们的设计所固有的许多缺点。
作为例子,单光纤典型地产生具有一般高斯激光强度的输出束,目标焊接区的中心相对于焊接区的外边缘接收增强的辐射能量密度。接近焊接区中心的该增强的辐射能量密度经常使焊接区中心变得过热,导致焊接区中心区域中不利的“冒泡”和/或渗气。
但是,该过热和作为结果发生的焊接区中心区域中的“冒泡”和渗气不能简单地通过使用光纤束来克服。虽然已知光纤束使来自单光纤的一般高斯或抛物线激光强度输出基本上标准化以产生大体上一般均匀的激光强度输出,但是焊接区的中心区域仍然经常过热。在本领域中,来自光纤束的该大体上一般均匀的激光强度输出被称为“顶帽”分布,在近场应用中这是比较准确的表达。
但是,现今在本领域中不容易认识到的是:虽然一般均匀的激光强度输出可以使用光纤束来获得,但是这种均匀强度束不一定减轻焊接区中心区域中的过热、“冒泡”和/或渗气。由于热传导原理,即使使用均匀强度束,与沿着焊接区的边缘相比,热量将在焊接区的中心增长更快。
因此,在相关领域中需要提供一种装置,其能够产生贯穿目标区的均匀分布的温度分布图以产生一致的焊缝。此外,在相关领域中需要提供一种装置,其能够使焊缝的渗气和冒泡达到最小。更进一步,在相关领域中需要提供一种装置,其能够将辐射能量重新分配到目标焊接区的边缘以产生更均匀的温度分布。另外,在相关领域中需要提供一种装置和方法,使用该装置和方法能够克服现有技术的缺点。
发明内容
根据本发明的原理,用于在焊接区将第一物品焊接到第二物品的激光焊接透镜组被提供,并具有有利的结构。激光焊接透镜组包括输出激光束的激光源。光纤可操作地耦合到激光源以接收和传送激光束。然后,放置透镜以接收来自光纤的激光束。该透镜包括波状外形表面(contoured face),该波状外形表面被形成来折射激光束,以产生跨越焊接区的一般均匀温度分布图。
本发明更多的适用性领域将从在下文提供的详细描述变得明白。应当理解虽然详细描述和具体实施例指示本发明的优选实施方案,但是它们仅是出于说明的目的,而不是打算限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明将从详细描述和附随附图变得更完全明白,其中:
图1是说明根据本发明第一实施方案的激光焊接透镜组的侧视图;
图2是沿着图1的线2-2的、说明激光焊接透镜组的横截面视图;
图3是说明根据本发明第二实施方案的激光焊接透镜组的透视图;
图4是说明根据本发明第二实施方案的激光焊接透镜组的侧视图;
图5是沿着图4的线5-5的、说明激光焊接透镜组的横截面视图;
图6是说明均匀强度点焊激光束的温度分布的曲线;
图7是说明对于点焊激光束对均匀温度标准化的激光强度分布的曲线;
图8是说明根据本发明原理对于点焊能够获得均匀温度分布的优选透镜形状的曲线;
图9是说明均匀强度线焊激光束的温度分布的曲线;
图10是说明对于线焊激光束对均匀温度标准化的激光强度分布的曲线;
图11是说明根据本发明原理对于线焊能够获得均匀温度分布的优选透镜形状的曲线;
图12是说明根据本发明第三实施方案的激光焊接透镜组的横截面视图;以及
图13是说明根据本发明原理确定能够分布均匀温度激光束的透镜形状的方法步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面优选实施方案的描述本质上仅是示范性的,决不是打算限制本发明、其应用或使用。
现在参看附图,一般地以参考数字10指示的激光焊接透镜组根据本发明第一实施方案来提供。如在图1和2中极好地看到,激光焊接透镜组10包括光纤束12,其具有一般地以圆形图案排列的许多光纤14并且能够以从其中穿过的激光束的形式来运送或传送辐射能量。光纤束12根据已知原理可操作地耦合到激光源16例如红外激光器。激光焊接透镜组10还包括波导18、特制透镜20和窗口22。波导18沿着界面24耦合到光纤束12。光纤束12在波导18内一般接近特制透镜20的端部26处终止。特制透镜20安全地夹持在波导18内并且能够将激光束重新分布为跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布,这将在下面详细讨论。窗口22耦合到波导18的一端并夹持在其中,以保护特制透镜20不受环境污染和/或损害。
在操作中,激光源16输出由光纤束12传送的激光束。该激光束穿过特制透镜20并被重新分布,以获得跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布。然后,激光束穿出波导18并穿过认为是透射件的第一塑料零件30。透射件30一般地允许激光束从其中穿过。然后,激光束由认为是吸收件的第二塑料零件32吸收。吸收件32一般地吸收激光束的辐射能量,以在焊接区28中产生热量。该热量使透射件30和吸收件32熔化从而焊接到一起。
再参看图1和2,如上所述,特制透镜20能够将激光束重新分布为跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布。这允许跨越焊接区28的均匀焊接,从而防止在焊接区28或附近的过热、冒泡和/或渗气。特制透镜20的实际横截面设计的特征在于:它重新分布激光束以沿着焊接区边缘获得增加的强度,从而又获得跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布。
现在转到图3-5,一般地以参考数字10’指示的激光焊接透镜组根据本发明第二实施方案来提供。如在图1和2中极好地看到,激光焊接透镜组10’包括光纤束12’,其具有一般地以并靠方式排列的许多光纤14并且能够以从其中穿过的激光束的形式来运送或传送辐射能量。光纤束12’根据已知原理可操作地耦合到激光源16。激光焊接透镜组10’还包括线焊波导35和特制透镜20’。线焊波导35沿着界面24’耦合到光纤束12’。光纤束12’在线焊波导35内一般接近特制透镜20’的端部26’处终止。特制透镜20’安全地夹持在线焊波导35内,并且能够将激光束分布为跨越细长焊接区28的均匀温度分布,这将在下面详细讨论。
在操作中,激光源16输出由光纤束12’传送的激光束。该激光束穿过特制透镜20’并重新分布为均匀温度分布。然后,激光束穿出线焊波导35并穿过认为是透射件的第一塑料零件30。透射件30一般地允许激光束从其中穿过。然后,激光束由认为是吸收件的第二塑料零件32吸收。吸收件32一般地吸收激光束的辐射能量以在焊接区28中产生热量。该热量使透射件30和吸收件32熔化从而焊接到一起。激光焊接透镜组10’由于细长形状的特制透镜20’所以能够产生适合于线焊应用的细长激光束。
如上所述,特制透镜20、20’能够将激光束重新分布为跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布。这允许跨越焊接区28的均匀焊接,从而防止在焊接区28或附近的过热、冒泡和/或渗气。
特别地关于图1和2,特制透镜20是一般圆柱形并包括平端面34和波状外形表面(contoured face)36。类似地,关于图3-5,特制透镜20’是一般细长形并包括平端面34’和波状外形表面36’。应当明白平端面34、34’也可以是波状外形的,以获得期望激光束分布。波状外形表面36、36’的形状通过将输入光线位置映射到产生相同温度分布的输出光线位置的方法来确定。
确定波状外形表面36、36’的准确外形的该方法现在将关于简单应用来讨论。特别地关于图6,温度分布曲线被提供,其说明穿出光纤束12的均匀强度激光束没有使用特制透镜20时的温度分布。应当认识到该温度分布是一般抛物线形状的,因此与沿着边缘相比在分布的中间具有较高的温度A。在分布中间的该较高温度可能导致在焊接区28或附近的上述过热、冒泡和/或渗气。但是,为了获得跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布,首先必须利用有限元分析(FEA)程序来确定能够获得均匀温度分布的必须的强度分布。因此,如在图7中看到,激光强度分布曲线被出示,其说明在焊接区28获得均匀温度(T)所需的激光强度分布(q)。如可以从图7的峰B和谷C看到,必须将增加的激光强度引导到焊接区28的外边缘,因为根据热传导原理,焊接区28的这些外边缘需要额外的激光强度来升高它们的温度,因为它们被未受热(即较冷)区域包围。但是,焊接区28的中心需要比较少的激光强度,因为它被受热区域包围从而将更快变热。
为了得到对于期望均匀焊接温度(T)的焊接处光强度输出(qx),必须使用下面的公式:
            qx=q*(T-T0)/(Tx-T0)
其中qx是给定x位置处的期望光强度输出,q是FEA程序中使用的起始均匀光强度,T是期望均匀焊接温度,Tx是从FEA程序得到的给定x位置处的温度,并且T0是环境温度。如果然后我们假设输入光具有平行光线,那么我们使用给定x位置处的实际输入光强度来将输入光线位置映射到产生均匀温度分布的输出光线位置。
然后,必须计算对于给定的折射率使输入光线折向期望输出光线位置所需的给定x位置处的透镜斜率。然后,这些斜率综合以定义透镜形状,如图8中所见。特别地关于图8,我们可以看到一般高斯分布的输入激光束的期望透镜形状是一般凹面发散透镜。但是,通过波状外形表面36的优选形状的更严格检查,我们看到该具体应用的优选形状实际上是复合形状,包括凸面和凹面部分。也就是,我们可以看到图8中曲线的中心部分在大约0.05英寸到0.2英寸之间是一般凹面形状,具有从其中心向外渐增的斜率(一般地以D来指示)。但是,曲线的在大约0-0.05英寸和0.2-0.25英寸的部分是一般凸面,当我们从中心凹面部分向外移动时具有渐减的斜率(一般地以E来指示)。但是,波状外形表面36的具体形状依赖于上面方程中陈列的具体应用参数因此可以改变。
将上面分析和计算应用到激光焊接透镜组10’(线焊应用,linearweld application),我们从图9看到,均匀激光强度(q)的初始温度分布曲线与图6中所陈列的稍微不同。但是,我们仍然可以看到特征拱顶曲线。因此,为了获得一般均匀温度分布,必须将激光重新分布到边缘,如由图10中的峰F看到。应用上面的方程和计算,再次确定具体应用(在该情况下,线焊)的透镜形状,如在图11中看到。如在图10中可以看到,波状外形表面36’也是复合形状,包括凸面和凹面部分。也就是,波状外形表面36’的中心部分在大约0.03英寸到0.09英寸之间是一般凹面形状,具有从其中心向外渐增的斜率(一般地以G来指示)。曲线在大约0-0.03英寸和0.09-0.13英寸的部分是一般凸面,当我们从中心凹面部分向外移动时具有渐减的斜率(一般地以H来指示)。
优选地,特制透镜20、20’由硅材料制成,但是,特制透镜20、20’可以由典型地用于透镜结构的任何材料制成,包括玻璃、丙烯酸、塑料、聚碳酸酯等。但是,使用硅的优点在于下面事实:特制透镜20’和波导24’可以制作或机械地弯曲以允许拐角周围或者紧密和/或复杂区域内的焊接。使用硅的另外优点在于它能够阻止颗粒或其他碎屑粘附到其上。
应当认识到虽然优选地,波状外形表面36、36’的形状通过具体输出位置的光强度的分析和映射来确定,应当理解,本发明的许多优点可以使用凹面发散透镜50结合波导51来获得,如图12中所看到的。凹面发散透镜50的形状和波导51的长度和内径被选择,使得当激光束穿出凹面发散透镜50时,锥形激光束反射离开波导51的内部52。在凹面发散透镜50下游的波导51的长度54被选择,以仅允许锥形激光束的预先确定部分反射离开内部52,以与在焊接区28的中心相比在焊接区28的边缘产生更高激光强度分布。因此,如结合先前实施方案所讨论的,凹面发散透镜50和波导51协作裁剪获得跨越焊接区28的均匀温度分布所需的适当激光强度分布。
本发明的描述本质上仅是示范性的,因此不背离本发明要旨的改变被认为在本发明的范围内。这种改变不认为是背离本发明的本质和范围。

Claims (24)

1.一种激光焊接透镜组,用于在焊接区将第一物品焊接到第二物品,所述激光焊接透镜组包括:
输出激光束的激光源;
可操作地耦合到所述激光源以接收和传送所述激光束的光纤;以及
放置以接收来自所述光纤的所述激光束的透镜,所述透镜具有波状外形表面,该波状外形表面被形成来折射所述激光束,以产生跨越焊接区的一般均匀温度分布图。
2.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是发散透镜。
3.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述波状外形表面包括至少一个凹面部分和至少一个凸面部分。
4.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述波状外形表面的形状如下确定:将输入光线位置映射到产生能够获得一般均匀温度分布图的光强度的输出光线位置。
5.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,还包括:
耦合到所述光纤的一端的波导,所述波导夹持在所述透镜内。
6.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜由基本上选自硅、丙烯酸、塑料、聚碳酸酯和玻璃构成的组中的材料制成。
7.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般圆形的。
8.根据权利要求1的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般细长的。
9.根据权利要求8的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述细长透镜是一般易弯曲的,以使所述细长透镜能够弯曲来形成预先确定的焊接形状。
10.一种激光焊接透镜组,用于在焊接区将第一物品焊接到第二物品,所述激光焊接透镜组包括:
输出激光束的激光源;
可操作地耦合到所述激光源以接收和传送所述激光束的光纤;以及
放置以接收来自所述光纤的所述激光束的透镜,所述透镜具有波状外形表面,该波状外形表面被形成来折射所述激光束,其中所述波状外形表面的形状如下确定:将输入光线位置映射到产生能够在焊接区获得一般均匀温度分布图的光强度的输出光线位置。
11.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是发散透镜。
12.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述波状外形表面包括至少一个凹面部分和至少一个凸面部分。
13.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,还包括:
耦合到所述光纤的一端的波导,所述波导夹持在所述透镜内。
14.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜由基本上选自硅、丙烯酸、塑料、聚碳酸酯和玻璃构成的组中的材料制成。
15.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般圆形的。
16.根据权利要求10的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般细长的。
17.根据权利要求16的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述细长透镜是一般易弯曲的,以使所述细长透镜能够弯曲来形成预先确定的焊接形状。
18.一种激光焊接透镜组,用于在焊接区将第一物品焊接到第二物品,所述激光焊接透镜组包括:
输出激光束的激光源;
具有反射内表面的波导;以及
放置在所述波导中以定义所述反射内表面的向下长度的发散透镜,所述发散透镜是可操作的以接收所述激光束,所述发散透镜具有波状外形表面,该波状外形表面被形成以折射所述激光束,
其中所述波状外形表面的形状和所述反射内表面的向下长度被选择,以产生能够在焊接区获得一般均匀温度分布图的光强度分布。
19.根据权利要求18的激光焊接透镜组,其中波状外形表是凹面的。
20.根据权利要求18的激光焊接透镜组,还包括:
可操作地耦合在所述激光源和所述波导之间以接收和传送所述激光束的光纤。
21.根据权利要求18的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜由基本上选自硅、丙烯酸、塑料、聚碳酸酯和玻璃构成的组中的材料制成。
22.根据权利要求18的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般圆形的。
23.根据权利要求18的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述透镜是一般细长的。
24.根据权利要求23的激光焊接透镜组,其中所述细长透镜是一般是弯曲的,以使所述细长透镜能够弯曲来形成预先确定的焊接形状。
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