CN1503996A - A hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system - Google Patents

A hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1503996A
CN1503996A CNA008201145A CN00820114A CN1503996A CN 1503996 A CN1503996 A CN 1503996A CN A008201145 A CNA008201145 A CN A008201145A CN 00820114 A CN00820114 A CN 00820114A CN 1503996 A CN1503996 A CN 1503996A
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electro
chemical conversion
conversion system
medium
waste gas
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M・S・苏
M·S·苏
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ZTEK Corp
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ZTEK Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/05—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05D2270/053—Explicitly mentioned power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

A hybrid power system having means for controlling an operational parameter thereof, while concomitantly operating the system efficiently. The system includes an electrochemical converter system, including a full cell and a thermal control stack, that is combined with a cogeneration or bottoming device, such as a gas turbine assembly. The hybrid power system employs one or more fluid regulating devices for regulating or controlling one or more fluids flows in the system. The fluid regulating device thus enables the system to control the power output or temperature of the fuel cell and/or the gas turbine assembly, as well as the speed of the turbine.

Description

Use the hybrid power system of the various running parameters of fluid regulation member control system
Technical field
The present invention relates to high temperature electrochemical converters, as fuel cell, more specifically, relate to high performance energy or the electricity generation system of using chemotron.
Background technology
Chemotron, will be directly changed into electric energy from the chemical energy of fuel assembly as fuel cell.The critical component of electrochemical energy energy converter be a series of have be arranged on its surperficial electrolyte of electrodes unit and a series of being arranged on is used to provide the connector that is electrically connected in series between the electrolyte cells.Described electrolyte cells has fuel electrode and is connected to the oxidant electrode of opposite end.Each electrolyte cells is an ion conductor with low ion drag force, allows a kind of ionic species to separate the electrode-electric that the matter interface is sent to the opposite from an electrode-electric thus under the transducer operating state and separates the matter interface.In this transducer, can use various electrolyte.For example, when the temperature that is operated in rising when (typical case is about 1000 ℃), can satisfy these requirements with the zirconia of compound such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or stabilized with yttrium oxide.Electrolyte uses oxonium ion to carry electric current.Electrolyte is nonconducting to electronics, and electronic energy causes the short circuit of transducer.On the other hand, connector must be the good electron conductor.Separate react on the matter interface gas, electrode and electrolytical interaction at electrode-electric, this needs electrode that abundant hole is arranged, to allow the reacting gas class to enter and to allow product type to leave.This chemotron can have tubulose or plane configuration.
When fuel such as hydrogen be imported on the fuel electrode and oxidant such as air when being imported on the oxidant electrode electrochemical reaction be triggered, produce by electrode and electrolyte whereby.Replacedly, chemotron can be operated on the electrolysis tank mode, and wherein chemotron consumes electricity and input reactant and produces fuel.
When chemotron, when in the fuel cell mode, carrying out conversion from fuel to the electricity, produce discarded energy and should be properly handled, with the suitable working temperature of keeping the electro-chemical conversion system and the whole efficiency that improves electricity generation system as fuel cell.On the contrary, when transducer carries out conversion from the electricity to fuel in electrolysis mode, must provide heat to keep its reaction to electrolyte.In addition, the fuel reforming process need of fuel cell use imports heat energy usually.Therefore the heat management control that is used for the electro-chemical conversion system of operate as normal and efficient is very important.
The heat management control technology can comprise the combination of chemotron and other energy device, to endeavour extracting energy from the used heat of transducer waste gas.For example, described certain combination of electro-chemical conversion system and bottom device in the U.S. Pat 5,462,817 of Hsu, bottom device extracts energy so that used by bottom device from transducer.
With based on the energy system of traditional combustion, as topic between relevant environment in the power plant of coal combustion or oil and policy just impelling people interested in the alternative energy source system, as the energy resource system of use chemotron.Yet chemotron is also used widely, although it has significant advantage than traditional energy resource system.For example, system compares with traditional energy, and chemotron such as fuel cell relatively high the reaching of efficient do not produce pollution.The investment of the great amount of cost of traditional energy system will force all advantages with the energy resource system of its competition to be achieved and to use growth in these systems.Therefore, the possibility of their extensive uses can is benefited and increase to the electro-chemical conversion energy resource system from the strong point of its relative traditional energy of the extra performance in the biggest ground.
Traditional combustion gas (vapour) wheel machine power generating system is existing and known.Existing gas turbine generating system comprises compressor, burner and mechanical turbine, and typically connect serially along same axle.In traditional gas turbine, air enters compressor and exports with the required pressure that increases.This pressure-air steam enters burner, here it and fuel reaction, and be heated on the selectable elevated temperature.Heated then gas vapor enters gas turbine and adiabatic expands work done thus.A shortcoming of the gas turbine of this universal class be turbine be usually operated on the low relatively system effectiveness, for example in the system of megawatts capacity about 25%.
A method that is used to overcome the prior art of this problem is to use recuperator to reclaim heat.The heat of this recovery is used for the air vapor before further heating enters burner.Typically, this recuperator efficient that can improve gas turbine makes it bring up to about 30%.A shortcoming of this scheme is the relatively costly total cost that has increased electricity generation system thus widely that reaches of recuperator.
Employed another art methods is that system works is reached on the high relatively temperature at high relatively pressure, increases system effectiveness thus.But the actual increase of system effectiveness is very little, because system will pay and high-temperature and the relevant cost of high pressure mechanical part.
Therefore, exist demand to the high-performance electricity generation system.Especially, can control or the modified form gas turbine generating system of regulating system running parameter will be represented industrial improved main flow.More specifically, the chemotron of the combination of may command system works and gas turbine engine systems have reduced and provide heat treatment system interface related cost, and main an improvement of this technology is also being represented in the remarkable improvement of the whole operability of combined system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is by being provided for controlling the hybrid power system running parameter and following the method for this system of valid function simultaneously and device reaches above-mentioned and other purpose.According to the present invention, with a chemotron such as fuel cell and combined heat and power or bottom device, combined to form a hybrid power system as Gas Turbine Modules.Chemotron and bottom device form the improvement electricity generation system that fuel is converted to the form of useful electricity, machinery or heat energy.Can comprise gas turbine, steam turbine, hot fluid boiler and thermal actuation cooling device with the device of fuel cell combination.The two kinds of devices in back are combined in heat supply, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system usually.
Hybrid power system of the present invention is by the one or more fluid flows in fluid regulation apparatus adjusting or the control system.Therefore fluid regulation apparatus can make power output or the temperature and the wheel motor speed of this system's control fuel cell and/or Gas Turbine Modules.
According to an aspect of the present invention, hybrid power system of the present invention has used one or more bypass channels that the one or more streams in the system are transmitted with selected mode.For example, can use fluid regulation unit and fluid conduit systems to come bypass heat exchanger, electro-chemical conversion system (or system's building block) and Gas Turbine Modules (or assembly building block).By operating one or more fluid regulation apparatus with selection mode, the power output of this system's may command hybrid power system or Gas Turbine Modules.
According to a further aspect in the invention, electro-chemical conversion of the present invention system can use thermal control heap and fuel cell, and the two is installed in the pressure vessel.According to the needs of system, the thermal control heap can be used as thermal source or radiator work.For example, when start-up function, the thermal control heap can be thermal source work by producing hotwork, and heat is transmitted to fuel cell so that the heating fuel battery.During steady operation, thermal control heap can be radiator work or fuel cell is supplied with hotwork is thermal source work by the hotwork of removing fuel cell.The thermal control heap can have any suitable shape.
According to a further aspect in the invention, hybrid power system of the present invention uses a plurality of heat exchangers and fluid conduit systems to be designed for the EGT of regulating the electro-chemical conversion system.For example, this hybrid power system uses fluid regulation apparatus, its temperature by cryogenic compressor waste gas and high-temperature electrochemistry converting system waste gas are mixed the driving gas of regulating Gas Turbine Modules selectively.The temperature of the mixing scalable driving gas of different temperatures fluid, and the power output of control assembly thus.
According to another aspect of the invention, this hybrid power system mixes fluid at differing temperatures selectively, so that the output of the power of control Gas Turbine Modules and/or electro-chemical conversion system.
Brief description of drawings
Can understand above-mentioned and other purpose, feature and advantage of the present invention from the following description and accompanying drawing, wherein similar label is represented identical part in different accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing is represented principle of the present invention, though they represent relative size not in scale.
Fig. 1 conceives the general block diagram of using a plurality of fluid regulation elements to come an embodiment of hybrid power system of regulating system running parameter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is with the combination generating efficiency of the hybrid power system of graphical representation Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the general diagrammatic sketch of the multi-shaft gas turbine assembly that can use in the hybrid power system of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the plane graph that the part of pressure vessel of the electro-chemical conversion system of hybrid power system among Fig. 1 of encapsulation design according to the present invention is severed.
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of an embodiment that is applicable to the battery unit of the electro-chemical conversion assembly in the electro-chemical conversion system of hybrid power system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of another embodiment of the battery unit of the chemotron in the electro-chemical conversion of the present invention system.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of battery unit among Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 be conceive according to the present invention the loose structure that uses the fuel metering battery temperature, the cross-sectional view of an embodiment of thermal control heap among Fig. 1.
Fig. 9 be conceive according to the present invention the template structure of using the fuel metering battery temperature, the cross-sectional view of another embodiment of thermal control heap among Fig. 1.
Figure 10 is the cross-sectional view of the another embodiment of the thermal control heap of electro-chemical conversion system among the Fig. 1 of the design according to the present invention.
Figure 11 is the side cutaway view of embodiment among Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the general block diagram of a variant embodiment of hybrid power system among the Fig. 1 that conceives according to the present invention, and this system is used for the adjustment of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas before waste gas enters the turbine expander.
Figure 13 is the general block diagram that design is used for a variant embodiment of the thermoregulator Fig. 1 of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and 12 mixed power generation electricity generation systems according to the present invention.
Figure 14 is that design is used for thermoregulator Fig. 1 of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas according to the present invention, the general block diagram of a variant embodiment of hybrid power system in 12 and 13.
Figure 15 is the general block diagram of the variant embodiment of the hybrid power system of design according to the present invention, and this system is used for the EGT of Gas Turbine Modules compressor before waste gas enters the turbine expander and regulates.
Figure 16 is the general block diagram that design is used to regulate a variant embodiment of the hybrid power system of importing reactant flow and adjusting electro-chemical conversion system temperature according to the present invention.
Figure 17 is that design is used for the input temperature of charge of independent regulation electro-chemical conversion system and imports the general block diagram of a variant embodiment of hybrid power system of the temperature of turbine expander waste gas according to the present invention.
Figure 18 is the general diagrammatic sketch that fluid conduit systems that the use that is applicable to hybrid power system of the present invention runs through external shell is used for the Gas Turbine Modules that is communicated with external heat source.
Figure 19 is the general diagrammatic sketch of demonstration that is combined in according to the present invention the various layouts of thermal control heap in the electro-chemical conversion system of design and fuel cell.
The detailed description of embodiment
Hybrid power system of the present invention used the power of system operational parameters such as Gas Turbine Modules output carry out dynamic adjustments or control, and in company with keeping gas turbine and both suitable working temperatures of fuel cell system parts.
Fig. 1 represents an embodiment according to composite type hybrid power system 70 of the present invention, and it comprises electro-chemical conversion system 72 and Gas Turbine Modules 74.Gas Turbine Modules 74 comprises compressor 76, and turbine expander 78 and generator 80, their all-pass are crossed axle 82 and be connected.Axle 82 is connected to turbine expander 78 with the steric configuration of in-line arrangement serial connection with compressor 76.Generator 80 is connected to turbine expander 78 by suitable shaft joint.Gas Turbine Modules 74 is typically used fossil fuel, preferably natural gas work, and cheap reaching generated electricity cleanly.Though Gas Turbine Modules 74 is illustrated as with compressor 76, the order of turbine expander 78 and generator 80 is installed on the axle 82, also can use other order.For example, generator 80 can be set between compressor 76 and the turbine expander 78.
As used herein, term " gas turbine " reaches the gas turbine that " Gas Turbine Modules " is intended to comprise all power requirements, shape and speed, comprising being operated at least 50,000RPM (rev/min) upward be usually operated at about 70,000 with about 90, the miniature gas turbine between the 000RPM.The gas turbine that is suitable for can be from Tarzana, Captone Turbine Corporation or the Torrance of CA (California, USA), and the Allied Signal company of CA obtains.
Air 84 from an air source is imported into compressor 76 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here air is compressed and heats, and then from being discharged from here.Be heated then, compression and stressed air 86 import be directed to heat exchanger 88 before the turbine expander 78, as a recuperator.For example, but part longshore current body canal 90 delivery heat exchangers 88 of heated air 86, and here it can be further heated by the turbine waste gas that leaves turbine expander 78 by cocurrent flow or countercurrent heat exchange method.Replacedly, but a part or all are heated and compressed air 86 longshore current body canals 92 import the input of turbine expanders 78.Fluid regulation apparatus 94 can be set in the conduit 92, is used to regulate or adjust be heated and compressed air 86 imports the amount of the input of turbine expanders 78.
As used herein, term " heat exchanger " reaches " heat exchange unit " and is intended to comprise any structure that is designed or adopts exchanged heat between two or more fluids.The example that is used to adequate types heat exchanger of the present invention comprises: recuperator-no matter be installed in Gas Turbine Modules 74 inside also to be mounted in its outside radiation heat exchanger, counterflow heat exchanger and regeneration type heat exchanger.
As used herein, term " fluid regulation apparatus " is intended to comprise any structure that is designed or adopts longshore current body passages regulate, control, adjustment or monitoring fluid to pass through.The example of the fluid regulation apparatus of adequate types comprises: diaphragm, the valve of roating sphere, bellows and number of different types comprises two logical and triple valves.For brevity, below when describing the function of fluid regulation apparatus, will only use term " adjusting ".
As mentioned above, but part or all be heated, compressed air 86 longshore current body canals 90 delivery heat exchangers 88.Fluid regulation element 96 is inserted in fluid conduit systems 90, to regulate the air capacity of delivery heat exchanger.Fluid regulation element 96 can be operated so that regulate the air capacity of delivery heat exchanger, and also can be used to make by some or all air of fluid conduit systems 90 and walk around heat exchanger 88 along bypass manifold 98.The air that passes through along bypass fluid conduit 98 is not left the turbine waste gas heating of turbine expander 78, and no longer is heated at this contact place of system 70 thus.
The air that leaves heat exchanger 88 or leave bypass fluid conduit 98 is imported into electro-chemical conversion system 72 again or can mixes with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 72.According to a form of implementation, illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 72 comprises and is installed in a fuel cell 112 and a thermal control heap 116 in the pressure vessel 120.Illustrated fuel cell 112 can be any fuel battery of selection, and it comprises melt carbonate fuel battery, phosphoric acid fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and is preferably solid-oxide fuel cell.The working temperature of fuel cell is preferably between about 20 ℃ and about 1500 ℃.Any structure of being connected with fuel cell of being used for that illustrated thermal control heap 116 can comprise selection so that-individually or with other the temperature of the combined ground-control of adjustment structure, adjusting or adjustment fuel cell.Pressure vessel 120 can be any suitable pressure vessel, its size and parameter designing become to pack into fuel cell 112 and thermal control heap 116, and follow simultaneously as fluid collecting container work, be used to collect the waste gas of fuel cell 112 and/or thermal control heap 116.
With reference to Fig. 1, fluid regulation unit 100 can be used to regulate the air capacity that imports fuel cell 112.Therefore, fluid regulation unit 100 can be used to regulate, adjust or control the air capacity by fuel cell 112.By regulating the amount by the heated air of fuel cell 112, this system can be according to system or its power output of user's needs adjusting.
One is arranged on fluid regulation element 104 additional between heat exchanger 88 and the electro-chemical conversion system 72 and can makes the some or all of air by conduit 107 import thermal control heap 116.Therefore fluid regulation unit 100 and 104 can be operated, and is used for according to system's needs air distribution between fuel cell 112 and thermal control heap 116.This structure when 72 start-up functions of electro-chemical conversion system and the system that keeps to use be desirable especially.This system also can use the fluid regulation unit 109 that is arranged between fluid regulation unit 100 and 104 to regulate by conduit 98 and be sent to conduit 107 and be sent to the air capacity of fuel cell 112 thus.Those of ordinary skill easy to understand: cooling device or radiator when heater when thermal control heap 116 can start as system simultaneously and the system after the foundation use.Fuel cell 112 and/or pressure vessel 120 can use power supply lead wire 126 that the direct current that electro-chemical conversion system 72 produces is connected to an inverter 125.This inverter 125 can convert the direct current that electro-chemical conversion system 72 produces to alternating current, is used for then being transported to power network, electrical storage device or power device.This inverter can be connected with controller 140, so that come one or more parts of regulating system 70 based on the output of inverter.
Thermal control heap 116 is with fuel cell 112 hot links and be configured to receive simultaneously fuel and air.Thermal control is piled by the fuel combustion when having air as heating element or thermal source, to produce the heat of pre-heating fuel battery 112.This operation keeps continuously a suitable working temperature, is typically 1,000 ℃, and fuel cell 112 continuous consumption fuel and air thus are so that generate electricity these reactant electrochemical reactions.In case fuel cell reaches its required working temperature, the fuel of supplying with the thermal control heap can be reduced or cutoff, and air can pass through continuously, so that auxiliary loosing removed the heat that fuel cell 112 produces.In this structure, the used heat that thermal control heap produces when removing operation of fuel cells as cooling unit or radiator work to loose.
Illustrated hybrid power system 70 also is provided with the device of fuel by conduit 85 fueling batteries 112, fuel in fuel cell with the gas that closes oxygen, be typically air and carry out electrochemical reaction, with generating, produce used heat and high-temp waste gas.Fuel can be by the reformer that is fit to, 132 conversions of for example reformer, to produce pure relatively fuel assembly.Though be illustrated as the outside that it is arranged on electro-chemical conversion system 72, reformer 132 also can become the part of electro-chemical conversion system 72.The present invention considers to use the reformer of number of different types, and particularly suitable reformer is disclosed and is described in the U.S. Pat 5,858,314 of Hsu (inventor), and the content of this patent is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.This illustrated system 70 also can use second compressor 134, is used for before fuel imports fuel cell 112 its compression and heating.Illustrated reformer 132 and compressor 134 are the features of selecting of the present invention.
Electricity generation system 70 can be used one or more fuel valves, control, regulates or adjust the fuel quantity that supplies to fuel cell and/or thermal control heap 116 as fuel valve 89 and 91.These fuel valves can be connected with controller 140, are used for the control valve operation.Particularly, this controller scalable imports the fuel quantity of fuel cell and thermal control heap, to regulate the output parameter of each device.According to a form of implementation, controller 140 can be controlled the operation of fuel valve based on the output of inverter 125, to regulate the fuel quantity that imports electro-chemical conversion system 72.Especially, controller can come the power output of fuel metering battery or the heat energy that is produced or received by the thermal control heap based on the electric power that fuel cell sends.
Illustrated hybrid power system 70 also uses fluid regulation apparatus 108, and it is connected between the waste gas duct 124 of fluid conduit systems 107 and electro-chemical conversion system.The waste gas of the electro-chemical conversion system by conduit 124 may be imported in the Gas Turbine Modules 74.Except that the electric power that electro-chemical conversion system 72 sends, Gas Turbine Modules 74 also produces electric power, and it changes waste gas and the used heat that electro-chemical conversion system 72 produces into useful electric power as bottom cycle, has increased the overall efficiency of hybrid power system 70 thus.Typically, the EGT that is given off by electro-chemical conversion system 72 is on about 1,000 ℃ scope.Waste gas with this temperature will need to be heated before importing Gas Turbine Modules 74 again.In this class is used, can between electro-chemical conversion system 72 and Gas Turbine Modules 74, insert the post bake structure, as the additional combustion device, so that provide additional heat, make waste gas more adapt to the condition of work of Gas Turbine Modules thus to waste gas.In other was used, the waste gas that leaves the electro-chemical conversion system was near adaptive with Gas Turbine Modules 74, so waste gas does not need additionally to be heated.In other were used, the EGT of electro-chemical conversion system 72 may be higher than required amplitude.For example, especially in the Gas Turbine Modules that uses small-sized turbine unit, the temperature of input driving gas is usually in the scope between 800 to 900 ℃.Therefore 1,000 ℃ the waste gas that leaves the electro-chemical conversion system is the input temp scope of adaptive Gas Turbine Modules not.Therefore wish to regulate, control or adjust the EGT of electro-chemical conversion system 72 so that required job requirement during 74 work of adaptive Gas Turbine Modules.
According to a form of implementation, but the control of fluid regulation apparatus 108 controlled devices 140 is walked around electro-chemical conversion system 72 and is mixed with waste gas by conduit 124 thus to allow some or all air in the conduit 107.Air ratio by fluid regulation apparatus 108 is collected in conduit 124 or colder by the waste gas of conduit 124.Therefore, by it and the mixing mutually of the selected amount that goes out automatic heat-exchanger 88 than cold fluid, the temperature of fluid regulation apparatus 108 scalable waste gas, suitable with the job requirement of Gas Turbine Modules 74 thus.By conduit 107 be heated and so pressurized air is transferable and import in the waste gas again so that produce the waste gas of lower temperature, be used for then importing turbine expander 78.A remarkable advantage of this structure is that this is a quite outstanding and mechanically uncomplicated solution for the EGT of regulating or adjust electro-chemical conversion system 72.Also having some is used to control or regulate other technology of the EGT that electro-chemical conversion system 72 discharges and will describes in detail below.
As mentioned above, the input of hybrid power system 70 is oxygen containing gas, is typically air that reach fuel, be typically natural gas, the latter mainly is made up of methane.Therefore this air and fuel are as the reactant work of electro-chemical conversion system 72.The oxidant reactant of input is used for making the oxidized of fuel cell 112, and they are by compressor 76 and 134 compressions and heating.Then, the turbine waste gas heating of be heated, compression and air pressurized 86 being come from turbine expander 78 in heat exchanger 88.Though oxygen containing gas is typically air, it also can be other oxygen-bearing fluid, as the air of part oxygen deprivation and the air of oxygen enrichment.Air and fuel reactant are consumed by fuel cell 112, and it then sends electricity and produces waste gas, and the latter is received by pressure vessel 120.
Thermal control heap 116 produces waste gas, and this waste gas is also received by pressure vessel 120.The waste gas of thermal control heap mixes in pressure vessel 120 to form combined exhaust gas and to leave electro-chemical conversion system 72 mutually with the waste gas of fuel cell, reaches then by fluid conduit systems 124.The decision design structure of fuel cell 112 and thermal control heap 116 below will be described in more detail.
As mentioned above, turbine can not be operated in as on the high temperature of fuel cell.Therefore, before being imported into turbine expander 78, driving gas will need to reduce the temperature of driving gas.The fluid regulation unit 108 that is arranged between heat exchanger 88 and the electro-chemical conversion system 72 can be operated, and walks around electro-chemical conversion system 72 and mixes mutually with the waste gas of fluid conduit systems 124 by some or all air of fluid conduit systems 107 allowing.Embodiment according to a conversion, the selectable fluid regulation unit 94 that longshore current body canal 92 is provided with can be operated, to allow to be heated and pressurized air 86 is walked around heat exchanger 88 or electro-chemical conversion system 72 and directly mixed mutually with driving gas on the input of turbine expander.
The fluid regulation unit that setting turns to, be as a remarkable advantage of fluid regulation unit 94 and 108: they provide to a certain degree control to hybrid power system 70 and the especially running parameter of Gas Turbine Modules 74.For example, by the selection control to the temperature of the driving gas that imports gas turbine expander 78, the power output of this system's may command whole system, electric power as sending by Gas Turbine Modules 74.In addition, can regulate by regulating the fuel quantity that imports it, control the power output of electro-chemical conversion system 72 thus by the power output that fuel cell 112 produces.
With reference to Fig. 1, this illustrated hybrid power system 70 also comprises the fluid regulation unit 142 that longshore current body canal 124 is provided with.Illustrated fluid regulation apparatus 142 is carried out the more options function.For example, this fluid regulation apparatus scalable or control are by fluid conduit systems 124, then import exhausted air quantity in the turbine expander 78.Fluid regulation apparatus 142 also can stop or forbid that the waste gas in the fluid conduit systems 124 arrives the turbine expander, and the exhausted air quantity that control simultaneously or regulate is discharged in the atmosphere or the outer flow scale of construction of mixing mutually with waste gas by fluid conduit systems 124.Therefore, fluid regulation apparatus 142 is for mixing provides additive fluid, to regulate the temperature by the waste gas of conduit 142.This device 142 can also make the strict Fluid Volume that imports hybrid power system 70 subsequent stages of regulating of system.
This hybrid power system 70 also can comprise the selectable secondary burner 144 that is arranged on fluid regulation apparatus 142 downstreams, imports turbine expander 78 with this waste gas of heating that takes a step forward with the waste gas in the convenient fluid conduit systems 124.In Gas Turbine Modules 74 was operated in application on the temperature that is higher than the EGT that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 72, this secondary burner 144 especially catered to the need.This waste gas forms the turbine driving gas, and it is imported in the turbine expander 78 then.Driving gas produces expansion so that generate electricity when by the turbine expander, and is depressurized thus, and then passes through fluid conduit systems 146 from wherein discharge as turbine waste gas.
The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 72 is formed for the driving gas of hybrid power system 70, and may be imported in the turbine expander 78.Turbine makes waste expansion adiabaticly and converts heat energy from waste gas to rotating energy.Because turbine expander 78, generator 80 and compressor 76 can be set on the common axis, generator 80 sends interchange (AC) or direct current (DC) electricity, and compressor compresses the air reactant of input as described above.Those of ordinary skill is with easy to understand: the frequency of the electricity that is sent by generator is at least 1000Hz and is generally from about 1200 to about 1600Hz.Can be by the alternating current that generator 80 sends by any suitable device such as rectifier rectification, so that alternating current is converted to direct current.This direct current can be directly be connected with direct current that electro-chemical conversion system 72 sends before inverter 125 conversions.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 72 is as the external firing device work of Gas Turbine Modules, and Gas Turbine Modules is as the bottom device work of system 70.
Illustrated hybrid power system 70 also comprises the fluid regulation apparatus 148 and 150 of series connection, and they provide to a certain degree additional control to the working fluid of system 70.The turbine exhausted air quantity that fluid regulation apparatus 148 is regulated by fluid conduit systems 146, and the driving gas amount of regulating bypass turbine expander 78 simultaneously, and the latter can directly mix with turbine waste gas mutually.By regulating the exhausted air quantity that turbine is discharged, the power output of system's 70 adjustable fuel gas wheel thermomechanical components 74.Therefore, fluid regulation apparatus 148 just provides an additional mechanism providing additional operation of controlling Gas Turbine Modules 74 running parameters by the power output of controlling gas turbine.
Controller 140 also can be connected to the work of generator 80 with one or more parts of supervision or control system 70.For example, this controller scalable imports the exhausted air quantity of turbine expander 78, with the power output of control Gas Turbine Modules 74.The operation of these controller 140 may command fluid regulons 148 is to regulate exhaust gas flow.According to a form of implementation, controller 140 can be based on the operation of generator output control fluid regulon 148, to regulate the driving gas amount that imports turbine.Therefore, this system can be by regulating the power output of driving gas input with the control Gas Turbine Modules as the function of generator power.Especially, this controller can be regulated fluid regulation unit 148 based on generator output.
Diagram fluid regulation apparatus 150 is also regulated the turbine exhausted air quantity by fluid conduit systems 146 delivery heat exchangers 88.Diagram fluid regulation apparatus 150 and 154 collaborative works of diagram fluid regulation apparatus are according to system's needs and answer the turbine exhausted air quantity of emergency control by heat exchanger.Therefore, hybrid power system 70 provides the parts that are used to regulate by the hot waste gas amount of heat exchanger 88.It and regulate or air cocurrent flow heat exchange heat that occur during control system work, by heat exchanger by valve 96.For example, the temperature of the air by heat exchanger can be regulated or be controlled by the adjusting of the turbine exhausted air quantity by heat exchanger.Therefore, system 70 is the heating of fuel metering battery 112 separately, and allows Gas Turbine Modules 74 to keep suitable operating state and/or temperature simultaneously.Those of ordinary skill is with easy to understand: before air is imported into electro-chemical conversion system 72 the turbine heating by the exhaust gases air by heat exchanger.Those of ordinary skill also will be understood: hybrid power system 70 can be configured to the air reactant in the reflux type preheating heat exchanger 88.Other configuration of system unit and layout also can realize that these system units are used to control the running parameter of Gas Turbine Modules between 74 operating periods by the instruction here of those of ordinary skill basis.For example, this system can use the fluid regulation unit of any number between heat exchanger and turbine expander 78, also need not as using one or one as required.Therefore, fluid regulation apparatus 150 and 154 can be conditioned or control according to the program scheme of selecting, with guarantee different operating at diagram hybrid power system 70 in the stage air by heat exchanger reach best or required amounts of preheat.
Controller 140 can determine that order is provided with the control to input fuel and air reactant according to the user of any selection, and the control of convection cell adjusting device 94,96,100,104,108,142,148,150 and 154.Controller 140 also can be connected to regulate Gas Turbine Modules 74 or electro-chemical conversion system 72.This controller can be any traditional design, as the calculation element of industrial multilevel logic controller, microprocessor, independent utility, the calculation element that is connected with web frame or other any suitable processing unit, this comprises appropriate hardware, software and/or the storage device that is used to carry out hybrid power system control.
An advantage of hybrid power system shown in Figure 1 is, its allows to generate electricity by efficient, compact chemotron and Gas Turbine Modules as bottom device work directly are combined to form a high efficiency systems.Electro-chemical conversion system 72 and Gas Turbine Modules 74 be combined to form hybrid power system 70, it has and approximates or greater than total generating efficiency of 70%.This system effectiveness shows that the efficient to the independent acquisition of electro-chemical conversion system of the gas turbine engine systems of prior art and prior art significantly increases.Illustrated hybrid power system comprises generating and the fuel cell 112 of senior heat energy is provided, and utilized the strong point of fuel cell.For example, this fuel cell can be used as low NO xSource work, traditional relatively thus gas turbine power generating plant has improved environmental performance.
The high system effectiveness of the chemotron of combination and Gas Turbine Modules uses curve representation in Fig. 2.The axis of ordinates of curve chart represents that with percentage system total efficiency and axis of abscissas represent the power ratio of this hybrid system.This power ratio is determined divided by the merchant of the capacity (GT) of gas turbine by the capacity of chemotron and gas turbine with (FC+GT).Curve 160 expression: when service efficiency is 50% fuel cell and efficient when being 25% gas turbine, overall system efficiency can surpass 60%.Similarly, curve 162 expression: when service efficiency is 55% fuel cell and efficient when being 35% gas turbine, overall system efficiency can surpass 60%, and decide on power ratio, can reach and even above 70%.Curve 160 and 162 represents that also the capacity of chemotron and gas turbine and efficient can be selected, so that overall system efficiency reaches maximum.In addition, corresponding big increasing appears in these curve representations system effectiveness when gas turbine and chemotron combination, and the result who obtains also being known so far.For example, as mentioned above, decide on the capacity of gas turbine and chemotron part and the operation and the arrangement of efficient and hybrid power system 70, use the gas turbine generating system of chemotron to have to surpass 60% and near or even surpass 70% system total efficiency.
As mentioned above, Gas Turbine Modules 74 can have the structure of single axle serial alignment.The present invention also can consider to be used for other structure of the hybrid power system 70 of Fig. 1.For example, Gas Turbine Modules 74 can comprise the design of multiaxis.Fig. 3 summary is represented the part embodiment of the hybrid power system 170 that chemotron and multi-shaft gas turbine assembly is combined.The remainder of Fig. 1 can comprise in this embodiment, but be omitted for simplicity's sake.This illustrated electricity generation system 170 can be and comprises a pair of compressor C1 and C2, a pair of turbine T1 and T2, the conventional gas turbine system of 172, one intercoolers 174 of a generator and one or more chemotron 176.A pair of axle 178 and 180 is connected respectively to mechanical compressor C1 and C2 with turbine T1 and T2.
As shown in the figure, air from air intake enter compressor C1 and by it the compression.Compressed air leaves compressor and enters intercooler 174 from its outlet then, and before air left this intercooler, this intercooler reduced the temperature that is compressed air.Intercooler 174 receives cooling fluid, Ru Shui at its inlet from a fluid source (not shown), and in its outlet discharge water.
The air that is cooled and compresses enters compressor C2 then, and this air is recompressed before importing first chemotron 176.Air longshore current body passage 182 between chemotron 176 and compressor C2 transmits.When air is imported into chemotron, it with generate electricity from the fuel reaction of a fuels sources (not shown).
The waste gas longshore current body passage 184 of chemotron is imported into turbine T2, and the waste gas of turbine is imported into second chemotron 176.The generating of second chemotron reaches before waste gas imports turbine T2 and is reheated.The best longshore current body of the waste gas of turbine T1 passage 186, is utilized so that follow from system 170 by band.The rotating energy of turbine T1 preferably distributes between mechanical compressor C1 and generator 172 by power shaft assembly 178.Generator 172 can be used for the generating of various family expenses and commercial purpose.Though system shown 170 has been used a pair of chemotron 176, those of ordinary skill is understood: can only use a chemotron, another transducer can be replaced by traditional burner.
Also have in other modification of above-mentioned design and the understanding scope that they will be considered to be in those of ordinary skill.For example, can use a series of Gas Turbine Modules, or the compressor of any number, burner and turbine.The present invention also attempts to comprise the combination of chemotron and polytype gas turbine, reaches heating gas turbine again comprising single shaft gas turbine, two-shaft gas turbine, recuperation gas turbine, middle cooling gas turbine.On its wideest scope, the present invention includes a hybrid power system, it is combined with chemotron and conventional gas turbine.According to a preferred implementing form of the present invention, chemotron replaces one or more burners of gas turbine generating system fully or partly.
Help the direct combination of chemotron and gas turbine in the time of in fuel cell 112 is installed in container 120.Express a preferred form of converter shell in Fig. 4, wherein pressure vessel 120 can be used as regeneration formula or recuperative heat-seal, and it comprises a series of fuel cell module that piles up 122, below will be to its more detailed description.Pressure vessel 120 comprises waste gas output manifold 124, electric connector 126 and reactant input manifold 128 and 130.In a preferred embodiment, oxidant reactant is imported into inner fuel cell module by manifold 130, and fuel reactant is imported into wherein by fuel manifold 128.
The fuel cell module 122 that piles up can be discharged to waste gas the inside of pressure vessel 120.The suitable exhaust gas pressure that is connected the bottom device that uses with pressure vessel can be by the use pump, as compressor 76 or 134, or by using hair-dryer to control, this is expressed and is described in the U.S. Pat 5 of Hsu, 948, in 221, its content is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, and selectively will import with it that reactant pumps into and waste gas be pumped the fuel cell module 122 that piles up.
As mentioned above, chemotron can and worked under the atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure on the temperature that raises.This chemotron is preferably the fuel cell system that comprises cross one another heat exchanger, and similar system is expressed and is described in U.S. Pat 4,853 with the type, and in 100, it is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Pressure vessel 120 can comprise an outer wall 136 that separates with inwall 138, produces an annular space thus between them.In this annular space, can be received in heat-barrier material 139, so that the outer surface of pressure vessel remains on the suitable temperature.Replacedly, annular space can hold or be formed for the heat exchange unit with pressure vessel exchanged heat.In an embodiment of heat exchanger, annular space and wall 138 and 136 can be formed for the heat exchange jacket of cycling hot replacement fluids therein.The heat exchanger that is formed by wall will and help with pressure vessel exchanged heat outer surface is remained on the proper temperature.Certainly, annular space as coolant jacket and be not precluded within the additional heat-barrier material that uses on the position beyond the annular space, is used to reduce the thermal losses of pressure vessel inside or also helps the pressure vessel outer surface is remained on proper temperature.
In one embodiment of the invention, the heat-exchange fluid that circulates at the pressure vessel heat exchanger, as the coolant jacket that is made of wall 136 and 138 is the reactant of input, for example flows into the air reactant of the input in the manifold 128.In this embodiment, these manifolds be with pressure vessel 120 tops near the main entrance that is communicated with of a part of fluid of annular space.Additional manifolding (not shown) makes annular space be communicated with fuel cell pack 122 formation fluids, so that the air reactant of input can correctly be imported into wherein.The coolant jacket that is made of wall 136 and 138 is used for a plurality of purposes to the preheating of the air reactant of input, raises the efficiency to obtain used heat by regeneration ground comprising the air reactant of preheating input, reaches the outer surface of cooling pressure container 120.
Pressure vessel can be " normal pressure container ", and it is attempted to comprise and is designed to be operated in 1 or 2 container on the atmospheric pressure, or the container that is designed to allow extremely high pressure-Gao to 1000psi-.When being connected the bottom device that uses for the HVAC system of for example refrigerator that comprises thermal actuation or boiler with chemotron, low pressure vessel is useful.When for example being used for illustrated hybrid power system 70, high-pressure bottle is useful.
Fuel cell uses selected fuel type, produces oxidation molecule and electric energy thereof as the chemical potential energy of hydrogen or carbon monoxide molecule.Relatively be higher than the cost that traditional fossil fuel is provided because supply with the cost of molecular hydrogen or carbon monoxide, can use fuel treatment or reforming step to become to be rich in the reaction gas mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with fossil fuel, as coal and Natural Gas Conversion.Therefore, used fuel processor special or that be arranged on fuel battery inside also by using steam, oxygen or carbon dioxide (in endergonic reaction) that fossil fuel are reformatted into non-compound reacting gas.
Fig. 5-7 expression is particularly suitable for the fuel cell 112 that closes with traditional combustion gas wheel assembly and the basic battery unit 10 of fuel cell pack 122.This battery unit 10 comprises electrolyte panel 20 and middle connecting plate 30.In one embodiment, electrolyte panel 20 can be made by pottery, for example uses stable zirconia material ZrO 2(Y 2O 3), the oxidant electrode material 20A of porous and the fuel electrode material 20B of porous are set on this electrolyte panel.The exemplary materials that is used for the oxidant electrode material is perovskite material, as LaMnO 3(Sr).The exemplary materials that is used for fuel electrode material is cermet such as ZrO 2/ Ni and ZrO 2/ NiO.
Middle connecting plate 30 is preferably made by connecting material in the middle of conduction and the heat conduction.This examples of material comprises nickel alloy, platinum alloy, non-metal conductor such as carborundum, La (Mn) CrO 3, and preferably can obtain Inconel-American I nco. manufacturing on the market.This middle connecting plate 30 is as electric connector between the adjacent electrolyte panel and the dividing plate between fuel and the oxidant reactant.As being clear that in Fig. 7, middle connecting plate 30 has centre bore 32 and one group of interstitial hole 34 that radial concentric, external part are turned up the soil and arranged.The 3rd external holes group 36 partly arranges or is arranged in the periphery of plate 30 along outside cylinder.
Middle connecting plate 30 has grain surface 38.Preferably structure has a series of pit 40 on this grain surface, and as shown in Figure 7, they form the passage of a series of coupled reaction logistics.Best, the both sides of middle connecting plate 30 have formation pit face thereon.Had the hole of selecting number though centre and external holes group 34 and 36 are expressed as respectively, those of ordinary skill will be understood: can use the hole or the distribution patterns of any number, the needs of this viewing system and reactant flow and deciding.
Similarly, electrolyte panel 20 has a centre bore 22, and in the middle of one group and external holes group 24 and 26, and they are respectively formed on the position with the hole 32,34 of middle connecting plate 30 and 36 complementations.
With reference to Fig. 6, between electrolyte panel 20 and middle connecting plate 30, can insert a dividing plate 50.This dividing plate 50 preferably has corrugated surface 52, and it forms the passage of a series of coupled reaction logistics, is similar to middle connecting plate 30.Dividing plate 50 also has a plurality of concentric holes 54,56 and 58, and they are positioned on the position with the hole complementation of middle connecting plate and electrolyte panel, as shown in the figure.In addition, in this structure, there is not reactant flow channels on the middle connecting plate 30.Dividing plate 50 is preferably by electric conducting material, make as nickel.
Illustrated electrolyte panel 20, middle connecting plate 30 and dividing plate 50 can have the geometric configuration of any hope.In addition, the plate with illustrated manifolds can outwards be expanded with repetition or non-repetitive pattern, as shown in phantom in FIG..
With reference to Fig. 7, when electrolyte panel 20 and middle connecting plate 30 alternately stacks and during along the alignment of its each hole, these holes form axially (piles) manifold relatively, is used for battery unit feed-in input reactant and discharge spent fuel.Especially, the centre bore 22,32,22 ' of alignment forms input oxidant manifold 17, and the concentric holes 24,34,24 ' of alignment forms input fuel manifold 18, and the outer hole 26,36,26 ' of alignment forms spent fuel manifold 19.
In the cross-sectional view of Fig. 7, the texture face 38 of middle connecting plate 30 has the undulatory substantially pattern that is formed on the two sides.This wavy pattern forms reactant flow channels, and they will import the periphery that reactant is directed to middle connecting plate.Middle connecting plate also has the heating surface of extension or has and extends in each axial manifold and the flanged structure around the middle connecting plate.Particularly, middle connecting plate 30 has the flat annular extended surface 31A that forms along its neighboring.In a preferred embodiment, illustrated heating surface 31A extends to beyond electrolyte panel 20 neighborings.Middle connecting plate also has the heating surface of an extension, and it extends in the axial manifold, and for example edge 31B extends to and is included in the axial manifold 19; Edge 31C extends to and is included in the axial manifold 18; And edge 31D extends to and is included in the axial manifold 17.The heating surface that extends can form integral body with middle connecting plate and maybe can be connected or be attached to above it.Heating surface need be by not constituting with the middle connecting plate identical materials, but can comprise any suitable Heat Conduction Material that can anti-chemotron working temperature.In an alternative embodiment, the heating surface of this extension can form integral body with dividing plate or be connected on the dividing plate.
No spine or other outstanding structure on the middle connecting plate periphery, this provides the outlet that is communicated with external environment condition for waste gas.Reactant flow channels will be imported reactant conduit and neighboring and form fluid and is communicated with, and the exhaust venting that so just allows reactant is to external environment condition or be arranged among Fig. 4 in the chemotron fill container or pressure vessel on every side.
Refer again to Fig. 7, illustrated encapsulant 60 can be applied in the conduits join place of middle connecting plate 30 parts, so just allows selectively specific input reactant is flowed by the match surface that middle joint face reaches by electrolyte panel 20.Middle connecting plate 30 bottom 30B contact with the fuel electrode coating 20B of electrolyte panel 20.In this structure, preferably encapsulant only allows fuel reactant to enter reactant flow channels and contacts with fuel electrode thus.
As shown in the figure, encapsulant 60A is set at around the input oxidant manifold 17, and it forms an effective reactant flow barrier around oxidant manifold 17.The globality of the fuel reactant that sealing material help maintenance contacts with the fuel electrode side 20B of electrolyte panel 20, and maintenance is by the globality of the spent fuel of spent fuel manifold 19 discharges.
The top 30A of middle connecting plate 30 has the encapsulant 60B that is arranged on around fuel input manifold 18 and the spent fuel manifold 19.The top 30A of middle connecting plate contacts with the oxidant coating 20B ' of opposite electrolyte panel 20 '.Therefore, do not have encapsulant, allow oxidant reactant to enter reactant flow channels thus in the junction of input oxidant manifold 17.Stop fuel reactant to leak into too much in the reactant flow channels around the encapsulant 60B of fuel manifold 18 fully, stoped mixing of fuel and oxidant reactant thus.Similarly, state stops useless oxidant reactant to flow into spent fuel manifold 19 around the encapsulant 60C of spent fuel manifold 19 fully.Therefore, kept the purity of the spent fuel that pumps into by manifold 19.
Refer again to Fig. 7, can be by by the hole 22,32 of electrolyte panel and middle connecting plate and the axial manifold 17 of 22 ' formation oxidant reactant being imported in the chemotron respectively.Oxidant is dispensed on the top 30A of middle connecting plate, and is distributed on the 20A ' of oxidant electrode surface by reactant flow channels.Useless then oxidant radial outward flow is edge 31A to the periphery, and discharges along the periphery of converter unit at last.Encapsulant 60C forbids that oxidant flows into spent fuel manifold 19.Oxidant is represented by the black arrow 26A of solid line by the flow path of axial manifold, and oxidant is represented by the black arrow 26B of solid line by the flow path of battery unit.
Fuel reactant is by the hole 24 by each plate, the fuel manifold 18 that 34 and 24 ' alignment forms is imported into chemotron 100 these fuel and is imported into reactant flow channels and is dispensed on the bottom 30B of middle connecting plate, and is distributed on the fuel electrode coating 20B of electrolyte panel 20.Simultaneously, encapsulant 60A stops the oxidant reactant of input to enter reactant flow channels and mixes mutually with the mixture of pure fuel/spent fuel reactant thus.Without any encapsulant, this allows spent fuel to enter manifold 19 on spent fuel manifold 19.Fuel is then discharged along the ring edge 31A of middle connecting plate 30.The flow path of fuel reactant is represented by the black arrow 26C of solid line.
The middle pit 40 that connects the surface has and the whole pinnacle 40A that contacts of electrolyte panel, is electrically connected to set up between them.
Can use various electric conducting materials for thin electric connection board of the present invention.These materials should satisfy following requirement: (1) high strength, and have thermal conductivity and conductivity; (2) has good antioxygenic property-until working temperature; (3) to importing the chemical compatibility and the stability of reactant; Reach the economy that make (4) when formation with the reactant flow channels is the grain board structure of example.
The suitable material that is used for the middle connecting plate manufacturing comprises cermet and refractory material such as zirconia or aluminium oxide, carborundum and the molybdenum disilicide of nickel alloy, nichrome, nichrome, Aludirome, platinum alloy, these alloys.
For example, by formpiston and former stamped metal alloy sheets, can obtain the textured pattern of the top and the bottom of middle connecting plate with one or more groups cooperation.These moulds are preferably made in advance according to the required configuration of middle connecting plate, and can be hardened by heat treatment, so that compression that can anti-repetition and can producing in batches, and anti-high working temperature.Owing to the gas passage net, be the geometric complexity on corrugated middle connecting plate surface, the punch forming process that is used for middle connecting plate is preferably in a plurality of steps and carries out.Being molded over conduit in the middle connecting plate is preferably in the final step and is stamped out.The annealing of suggestion serviceability temperature is to prevent the overstress of flaky material in step in succession.The object that process for stamping can be made complexity and changes geometry can keep uniform material thickness simultaneously.
Replacedly, corrugated middle connecting plate can use the suitable mask of a combination to form by electro-deposition on initial flat metal plate.The carborundum middle connecting plate can pass through gas deposition on the preforming substrate, by the sintering or the formation of autogenous welding process of welding powder.
Oxidant and fuel reactant are preheating to proper temperature before being preferably in and entering chemotron.This preheating can be carried out by any suitable heating arrangement, and for example recuperation heat exchanger or radiation heat exchanger are used for reactant is heated to the temperature that enough reductions are applied to the thermal stress amount on the transducer.
Important feature of the present invention is: the hybrid power system shown in Fig. 1 and the 12-17 is operated in and surpasses under any efficient of system known per formerly.Another important being characterised in that of the present invention: the reactant that the heating surface 31D of extension and 31C will be included in oxidizer manifold and fuel manifold 17 and 18 is heated on the working temperature of transducer.Particularly, extend into the extended surface 31D heated oxidant reactant in the oxidant manifold 17, and extend into the extended surface 31C heating fuel reactant in the fuel manifold 18.The middle connecting plate 30 of high heat conduction has been heated working temperature thus by from the fuel cell inner surface, as the zone line of heat conduction middle connecting plate heat can be transferred to the heating that its extended surface or flange portion help to import reactant with conducting before the input reactant is by reactant flow channels.Therefore these extended surfaces are as radiator work.This reactant heating arrangement provides a kind of transducer of compactness, and it can be combined into the whole system that high efficiency and relatively low cost also further are provided with electricity generation system.Comprise that fuel cell component that constitutes according to present principles and the chemotron that uses in conjunction with gas turbine provide a kind of electricity generation system with relative single system structure.
In a variant embodiment, electrolyte and middle connecting plate can have basic tubular configuration and have the oxidant electrode material that is arranged on the side and be arranged in fuel electrode material on the opposite side.These are managed available similar fashion and stack together then.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 8-11, the thermal control of Fig. 1 heap 116 can be operated, to heat during use and/or cooled fuel cell 112.Above-mentioned accompanying drawing has been represented each embodiment of thermal control heap 116, and they have used different labels for simplicity's sake.Here employed term thermal control heap is intended to comprise can be as the heating source of relative fuel cell 112 or as radiator or as any suitable construction of the two work.This thermal control heap preferably also can play isothermal level, to reduce or to eliminate along the temperature non of fuel cell 112 axial lengths.This just keeps or has strengthened the structural integrity of electro-chemical conversion of the present invention system 72.During use, the thermal control heap is disposed in the pressure vessel 20 and and fuel cell hot link.Thermal control heap fuel cell is relatively arranged installation with any selection, to obtain suitable system's heat structure.A concrete structure that is fit to this purpose is fuel cell to be intersected mutually with the thermal control heap put to form a set of each unit that can obtain required heat structure.This structure can form a rectangle or hexagonal configuration, or any other suitable bidimensional or three-dimensional structure.For example, as shown in Figure 19 A-19E, each parts in the electro-chemical conversion system 72, can have quadrangle as fuel cell 112 and thermal control heap 116 and arrange the cross one another layout of square or rectangle shown in Figure 14 A and 14B.Replacedly, each parts of electro-chemical conversion system 72 can be arranged to hexagon, shown in Figure 14 C-14E.Above-mentioned cross one another layout only is some examples of the various type of arrangement that can be used.Those of ordinary skill is understood, and has cylinder form though fuel cell and thermal control heap are expressed, and also can use other shape.
According to an embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, thermal control heap 116 can constitute the isothermal structure (heat exchanger) 27 with loose structure 28, and it receives from its environment radiant heat of (as near fuel cell).A kind of working fluid 44, can or hold in the inner passage as oxidant reactant and to flow in the stream device 42 and the footpath upwards outwards is penetrated on the outer surface 28B from inner surface 28A.This working fluid 44 can be collected by any suitable structure, as being collected by pressure vessel 120, and can be sent to the other parts of hybrid power system 70.For guaranteeing that the working fluid flow velocity axially reaches the uniformity of level, along with working fluid sees through structure 28, radial pressure is fallen and is held in fact the pressure that holds working fluid 44 when flowing device 42 greater than flowing through when it.The uniformity of inner flow point pipe arrangement with enhance fluid can be installed in structure 28.Working fluid 44 can be discharged from from each axial end portion.
According to another embodiment, thermal control heap according to the present invention also can use a plurality of heat-conducting plates, as shown in Figure 9.Thermal control heap 29 comprises a series of plate 46, and they stack with the top each other, as shown in the figure.Plate 46 can be made of any suitable Heat Conduction Material, as nickel and other material that typical case uses in fuel cell.Central fluid channel or hold stream device 42 and connect these plates, and between plate, be provided with spacer block, flow to outer surface 62B to allow working fluid 44 from inner surface 62A.Working fluid 44 flows through holding of connecting plate 62 and flows device 42.Plate 62 can have the substantially cylindrical configuration, as shown in the figure, maybe can have other any suitable geometry, as tubulose.The embodiment of Fig. 9 especially can be used on etc. in the temp fuel battery.For example, by using the dividing element in the middle of battery unit, can obtain uniform reactant flow.
Figure 10 represents to be used in another embodiment of the thermal control heap 25 in the hybrid power system of Fig. 1.This thermal control heap 25 comprises three concentric tube structures that preferably separate in the axial direction, as shown in the figure.Internal cavities 64 has a plurality of passages 66, and they extend in sleeve pipe or manage between 68 the inner surface 68A and outer surface 68B.The sleeve structure 28 of a porous is round interior pipe 68 and have inner surface 28A and outer surface 28B.Inner surface 28A forms closely with the outer surface of interior pipe 68 that face contacts, and is communicated with so that interconnection 66 forms fluids with porous casing 28.Interconnection 66 is separated equably.
Outer tube 69 or wall spare round porous casing 28 and in pipe 68 be provided with, form a coaxial in fact geometrical arrangements thus.Outer tube 69 has inner surface 69A and outer surface 69B.In pipe 68 internal cavities form the central passage 64 of a lengthwise, it holds the stream device as working fluid 44, as shown in figure 11.Interior space between the inner surface 69A of outer tube and the porous casing outer surface 28B forms the second channel 67 of a lengthwise, and in fact it be parallel to central passage 64.
In the pipe 68 and outer tube 69 preferably by same material, as metal or ceramic making.Porous casing structure 28 can be pottery and is used to make working fluid stream to be diffused into external cavity from internal cavity.
With reference to Figure 11, working fluid 44 the flow through center cavity or the passage 44 of lengthwise, this passage as hold the stream device and longitudinally axle 41 extend.Along with working fluid 44 flow through hold stream device 64, working fluid is forced through interconnection 66.Sleeve pipe 28 is covered with interconnection 66, receives the part of the working fluid 44 that flows through passage 66 thus.Working fluid 44 enters external cavity 67 by porous casing 28 radially outwardly, fluid here by external heat source, as fuel cell module or need in addition system's heating of cooling, or by other structure cooling.The working fluid 44 that is included in the external cavity 67 flows along the inner surface of outer tube 69, and absorb from outer surface 69B conduction transfer to heat on this inner surface.The outer surface 69B of outer tube can be heated by being placed into directly to contact with fuel cell module 112, or is heated by being coupled with fuel cell 112 radiation.Working fluid 44 provides the available heat between working fluid 44 and the external environment condition to shift along the distribution of the inner surface 69A of outer tube 69.By along interior pipe 66 interconnection 66 selectively arranged apart, be collected in second channel 67 interior working fluids 44 and can keep steady temperature.The isothermal working fluid produces along the isothermy of the outer surface 69B of outer tube along the even distribution of inner surface 69A.The diameter of outer tube 69 and interior pipe 68 is depended at channel size and interval.
Above-mentioned declarative description thermal control heap 25 is as radiator work.Those of ordinary skill can be understood: this thermal control heap also can be used as thermal source work.For example, working fluid 44 can comprise heating fluid but not cooling agent.Flow through and hold stream device 34 along with heating fluid, heat is transferred to external environment condition from the outer surface 69B of outer tube.
Should be appreciated that principle of the present invention also can be used for temp fuel batteries such as formations (reaching other chemotron) by using reactant equably along the similar structures of the length allocation of fuel cell pack.The temperature of heap can be conditioned generally, and can become isothermal when needing.
For those skilled in the art, according to the principle here, other embodiment of thermal control heap is conspicuous, and comprises use distribution hollow porous cylinder wherein, that have the different shape surface texture.This surface texture can be made up of metal or pottery, and reaching porous cylindrical body can be by any suitable material, comprise that wire mesh screens forms.
Refer again to Fig. 1, when fuel cell 112 was started working, thermal control heap 116 was as the starting heater work of electro-chemical conversion system 72.For the initial start work of hybrid power system 70, the compressor 76 of Gas Turbine Modules 74 activates by independent motor (not shown) or as the generator of motor operations.Air 84 by compressor can finally be imported in the thermal control heap 116 and discharge in pressure vessel 120 inside.The waste gas 124 of pressure vessel is further heated before it is imported into Gas Turbine Modules 74 or heat exchanger 88 by burner 144.Then make air by thermal control heap 116, suitable fuel is imported thermal control heap 116, as shown in fig. 1.The air of thermal control heap 116 and 140 controls of fuel input controlled device are with the rate of heat addition of the fuel cell that obtains to be scheduled to, for example 250 ℃/hour.The heat release that is produced by thermal control heap 116 is used to heat near fuel cell 112.Thermal control heap heating fuel battery 112 reaches the firing temperature of fuel itself up to it.If desired, hybrid power system 70 can remain on its warm standby mode, till must making fuel cell be raised to suitable working temperature.
Controller 140 is regulated fuel and the air that imports thermal control heap 116 serially, and operating burner 144 so that heating fuel battery 112 continuously, up to reach or near its working temperature till.In case fuel cell 112 reaches near the routine work temperature, is typically 1000 ℃, fuel 85 and air 84 are imported into fuel cell, so that send required electric power output.In case 72 work of electro-chemical conversion system, the fuel of supplying with the thermal control heap can stop, because the thermal control heap is not re-used as thermal source work.Air is piled by thermal control, and the thermal control heap can work as heat trap or the radiator of removing used heat from fuel cell 112.
As mentioned above, illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 72 produces high-temp waste gas, and this high-temp waste gas is directed in the turbine expander 78 of Gas Turbine Modules 74.Turbine expander 78 expands high-temperature fuel cell waste gas adiabaticly and produces turbine waste gas then, is used for the follow-up use of hybrid power system 70.Turbine becomes rotating energy with the thermal power transfer of driving gas, and the latter then makes axle 85 rotate to send alternating current by generator 80.This electric energy can with electro-chemical conversion system 72 send electric combined, be used for then commerce or domestic. applications.
During steady operation, when reaching if desired by compressor 76 continuously, primary air supply 84 enters fuel cell 112, so that then import Gas Turbine Modules 74 by heat exchanger 88.Turbine waste gas is purged or is discharged into surrounding environment then.For the operation control and the adjustment of one or more system units of obtaining to select, controller 140 can make one or more fluid regulation apparatus activate, to regulate one or more running parameters of hybrid power system 70.For example, but fluid regulation unit 100 and 104 Be Controlled, and the air capacity that allows thus to select is by thermal control heap 116, to carry out the adjustment of fuel cell 112.In addition, fluid regulation apparatus 108 can activated, so that will mix mutually before importing Gas Turbine Modules 74 with the high-temp waste gas that passes through conduit 124 by the cold relatively air of conduit 107.The control of mixed cold and hot waste gas amount allows one or more parameters are necessarily selected the control of degree, for example output of the power of the turbine expander 78 of Gas Turbine Modules 74 or EGT.Therefore, selectively control the temperature that fluid regulation apparatus 108 can make hybrid power system 70 regulate Gas Turbine Modules 74.
According to another operating characteristic of system shown 70, but controller 140 operating fluid adjusting devices 142 so that with some or all toxic emissions of electro-chemical conversion system 72 in surrounding environment.By control fluid regulation apparatus 142, system can obtain the remarkable control to the speed of Gas Turbine Modules 74 or power.
Those of ordinary skill also will be understood: the additional control that the power of fuel cell 112 is exported can realize by the control of air or fuel input reactant flow.This just obtains the dynamic control range of a broadness of whole hybrid power system control.The power output of fuel current control fuel cell, and keep constant working temperature simultaneously.In addition, by the air capacity of control bypass electro-chemical conversion system 72, the power output of system's 70 control gas turbines and fuel cell.
This system also can make turbine waste gas pass through heat exchanger 88 as high efficiency systems work, so that utilize the heat energy in the turbine waste gas again.Heat energy in the turbine waste gas makes the reactant preheating by heat exchanger.For example, make air 84, make air preheat by the used heat that reclaims in the turbine waste gas by heat exchanger 88.But the control of fluid regulation apparatus 96 controlled devices 140 is to determine by some of fluid conduit systems 90 or all air will be by heat exchanger 88 preheatings.
Leave electro-chemical conversion system 72 and the waste gas by fluid regulation apparatus 142 can by 124 settings of longshore current body canal, 144 preheatings of selectable second burner.Second burner 144 is heat exhaust gases also, so that provide and the suitable driving gas of Gas Turbine Modules 74 required input temperature.
The turbine waste gas that is produced by Gas Turbine Modules 74 is imported into the fluid regulation apparatus 148 that is arranged in the fluid conduit systems 146 again.The turbine exhausted air quantity that this fluid regulation apparatus 148 is regulated by the fluid conduit systems 146 of Gas Turbine Modules 74.For example, the amount of the fluid regulation apparatus 148 pairs of bypass turbines expander and the driving gas that can mix with turbine waste gas is regulated.
But fluid regulation apparatus 150 and 140 controls of 154 controlled devices are to regulate the turbine exhausted air quantity of delivery heat exchanger 88.In this way, controller 140 may command reach the temperature of controlling fuel cell 112 thus by the temperature of the air of heat exchanger 88.Fluid regulation apparatus 154 is also to importing the outer flow scale of construction by the fluid of heat exchanger, so that provide the control of additional temp to a certain degree to air reactant.The temperature of this system's may command air reactant reaches the power of may command fuel cell 112 thus.On the contrary, fluid regulation apparatus 150 or 154 scalable are left heat exchanger 88 and are imported or be discharged into turbine exhausted air quantity in the surrounding environment.
Those of ordinary skill is understood easily: electro-chemical conversion system 72 and especially fuel cell 112 can be used as the burner of Gas Turbine Modules 74.But the present invention also can consider other embodiment, and wherein Gas Turbine Modules 74 can comprise burner substitute and/or the recuperator as a Gas Turbine Modules part.Gas Turbine Modules 74 comprises in the design of system of itself internal-combustion device therein, needs different starting sequences, so that operation hybrid power system 70.For example, this Gas Turbine Modules 74 can be by any suitable starting motor (not shown) starting.Therefore, compressor 76 can be set up any air stream by Gas Turbine Modules.The burner of gas turbine receives fuel then, and this fuel will be according to predetermined heat speed and air reaction.Fluid regulation unit, can be set at the recuperative outlet of Gas Turbine Modules imports electro-chemical conversion system 72 with the air after will heating gradually thermal control heap 116 as flow divider.The thermal control heap also is designed to receive fuel from fuels sources, and pre-heating fuel battery 112 makes near its working temperature.Other operating function of this transformation system structure is identical with system described in Fig. 1.
Those of ordinary skill will be understood: the combination of any selection of fluid regulation apparatus can be set in illustrated hybrid power system 70.Therefore, each fluid regulation apparatus and/or fluid passage can be considered to the part of an optional characteristic or system.
Those of ordinary skill also will be understood: the temperature of fuel cell 112 can be controlled by the selected fluid that flows in hybrid power system.Especially, fuel battery temperature can be controlled by leaving fluid compressor and Gas Turbine Modules and during by middle recuperator.Therefore can implement that different mode of heatings is controlled or one or more running parameters of fuel metering battery, as temperature and/or power output.For example, maximum if desired fuel cell cooling, but then leave the fluid bypass recuperator of compressor and directly import fuel cell.The preheating of compressed fluid does not take place in this way.
According to another mode of heating, cold relatively compressed fluid bypass recuperator and importing thermal control heap.The work of thermal control heap reaches cooled fuel cell in the above described manner.
According to another mode of heating, the compressor fluid bypass recuperator of some percentage and import thermal control heap (as 50%), and remaining fluid is by recuperator and be imported into fuel cell then.
According to another mode of heating, great majority or all compressor fluids pass through recuperator, and here it is heated and is imported into then fuel cell or thermal control heap.Replacedly, the preheating fluid of some percentage can be imported into fuel cell and remaining before being imported into Gas Turbine Modules, be imported into the post bake source, as burner.Those of ordinary skill will be understood the fluid heating that takes place in these aftermentioned modes.
An alternative embodiment of the hybrid power system of Figure 12 presentation graphs 1.The power output of illustrated hybrid power system 200 control Gas Turbine Modules 193.The description of this embodiment is similar to some aspect of said system 70.System 200 will import compressor 192 by any suitable fluid conduit systems from the air 190 in air source, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, and then from being discharged from here.Be heated and air pressurized can be imported into heat exchanger 206 by fluid conduit systems 202, as a recuperator, here its is by the heating by the exhaust gases of being discharged by Gas Turbine Modules 193, as following also will be in greater detail.
Fuel 208 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 212 after can be randomly by heat exchanger 206, here it is by the GTE preheating.Heated air 190 and fuel 208 are as input reactant work and be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 212 by suitable conduit.This electro-chemical conversion system 212 can be identical with the electro-chemical conversion system 72 of Fig. 1.Electro-chemical conversion system 212 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and generating and the generation used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.This electric energy is a direct current, and it can be converted to alternating current by the alternating current generator (not shown).The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 212 can be coupled by fluid line or the conduit 214 that is fit to-and can randomly directly be coupled-to gas turbine expander 196.The waste gas that turbine expander 196 produces the electro-chemical conversion system expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 198.Generator 198 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 212 works as the bottom cycle device as the burner operation and the gas turbine of Gas Turbine Modules 193.
Use electro-chemical conversion system 212 as an advantage of gas turbine burner to be, this converting system is as additional generator work.Illustrated electric connector 222 is drawn electric energy from system 212.Gas turbine and generator component are known technologies and available from commerce.This chemotron of those of ordinary skill easy to understand and gas turbine ways of connecting, especially basis explanation and diagram here.
Gas Turbine Modules also produces and can be acquired and can be by fluid conduit systems 218 hot waste gass that carry, that be used for subsequent use.According to a form of implementation, described turbine waste gas is by heat exchanger 206.Fuel 208 and heated air are also by heat exchanger 206.The used heat relevant with turbine waste gas is used for air and preheating of fuel before the importing electro-chemical conversion system 212.Best, be such at the reactant of input and the sensible heat exchange between the output waste gas, promptly the convective heat exchange between gas is best, or some specific heat is recuperated.For example, the used heat relevant with the waste gas that will send out system in addition is transfused to reacting gas and has absorbed.Its effect is, the used heat that carries to the small part exhaust flow is reclaimed continuously, is used to heat reactant.By using heat exchange mechanism, the heat waste consumption of system is reduced, and has improved overall system efficiency thus.
Electro-chemical conversion system 212 be operated in the temperature of rising and the pressure that increases on.This chemotron is preferably a kind of fuel cell system, and this system can comprise and is similar to U.S. Pat 4,853,100 cross one another heat exchangers of addressing shown type, and this patent is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 212 can comprise fuel cell (shown in Fig. 1 and 5-7) and the optional thermal control heap on the working temperature that is operated in selection.According to a preferred embodiment, fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell, and it has the working temperature that is about 1000 ℃ and produces the waste gas with about this grade temperature thus.Some gas turbine, as the input fluid that small-sized turbine unit need have the temperature that is lower than 1000 ℃, this temperature is about 900 ℃ usually.Therefore the requirement of fluid temperature (F.T.) will instruct the high-temp waste gas that sent by electro-chemical conversion system 212 to be adjusted on the temperature amplitude that the input temp with Gas Turbine Modules 193 needs is complementary.The present invention is fit to that converting system waste gas is carried out selectable temperature controlled method to a certain degree and is devoted to solve the not adaptive of temperature by providing multiple.
Refer again to Figure 12, this hybrid power system 200 also comprises a plurality of fluid regulation apparatus and controller 200, is used to regulate the fuel quantity of import system 200 and regulates the EGT that imports Gas Turbine Modules 193.Illustrated hybrid power system 200 comprises the first fluid adjusting device 204 that is connected across between compressor fluid conduit 202 and the exhaust flow body canal 214.This fluid regulation apparatus allows selectively: the part of the heated air of discharging from compressor 192 directly with the waste gas that heat by electro-chemical conversion system 212 again mixing or mix mutually before importing gas turbine expander 20.
Allow that as known in this technical field, traditional gas turbine the input service fluid arrives certain maximum temperature.Gas Turbine Modules 193 can be operated on the lower temperature, but the output of the power of turbine correspondingly reduces.Therefore, if gas turbine 14 has 900 ℃ maximum input temp requirement, then the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system should be cooled at least on this temperature amplitude or be lower than this temperature, so that meet the job requirement of gas turbine.In the case, the temperature of compressor 192 air discharged typically is lower than the EGT of electro-chemical conversion system 212.Bypass valve 204 can mix and cool off the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 212 to allow part or all of air by controller 220 controls by bypass manifold 224.By regulating the air capacity of mixing mutually with waste gas, the waste gas fluid temperature (F.T.) that is produced can be adjusted on the required amplitude.According to a form of implementation, to select or the pre-temperature conditions that stores according to the user, EGT is adjusted on the temperature that is equal to or less than maximum turbine temperature.In above-mentioned example, the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 212 can be cooled to 900 ℃ or even lower.
Refer again to Figure 12, fluid regulation apparatus 204 can be connected to controller 220 by the path that communicates to connect that is fit to.Controller 220 can comprise suitable memory, has stored the program command of the procedure operation fluid regulation apparatus 204 of or preliminary election definite according to the user thereon.Controller 220 can selectively open or close this device according to program stored, mixes mutually with the high-temp waste gas that electro-chemical conversion system 212 produces with the air that allows scheduled volume.The air capacity that flows through fluid regulation apparatus 204 can be used as the power demand output of electro-chemical conversion system 212, Gas Turbine Modules 193 and the function of required system effectiveness, and this system need also regulate amount and the temperature that imports to the fluid in the turbine expander 196 by the operation gas turbine in power demand output.
Illustrated hybrid power system 200 also comprises the fluid regulation apparatus 210 of fuel metering, and it regulates the fuel quantity that imports in the electro-chemical conversion system 212.Fluid regulation apparatus 210 is connected with controller 220 formation feedbacks by any suitable path that communicates to connect.Controller 220 and install 210 and regulate to import the fuel quantity of electro-chemical conversion systems, and regulate its power output thus, and do not cause that or not corresponding of working temperature of hybrid power system 200 reduces.This allow 212 continuous operations of electro-chemical conversion system or near on optimizer system efficient.In addition, the power of regulating electro-chemical conversion system 212 is exported the power output that whole system 200 was exported and regulated thus to the power that can make controller 220 regulate gas turbines.
The diagram controller also can be connected to air and fuel storage device, is input to the amount of the air and the fuel of hybrid power system 200 with control.Therefore controller 220 is worked as the membrane module computer center of system, and can programme in various manners with control reactant flow and the correspondingly power output of control system 200.
System 200 also can use the optional burner 216 that is arranged between converting system 212 and the turbine expander 196, imports before the turbine additionally heat exhaust gases with convenient waste gas.The driving gas of 216 pairs of turbine expanders 196 of burner provides additional temperature grade control.
A remarkable advantage of illustrated hybrid power system 200 is: it allows to generate electricity by efficient, compact chemotron is combined high efficiency systems of formation with the bottom device constituent components.The hybrid power system that has been combined to form of electro-chemical conversion system 212 and Gas Turbine Modules 193, it has and approximates or even greater than total generating efficiency of 70%.This system effectiveness shows significantly increasing the electro-chemical conversion efficient that system obtains of the gas turbine engine systems of prior art and prior art.Illustrated hybrid power system comprises generating and the chemotron of senior heat energy is provided, and utilized the strong point of chemotron.For example, this transducer can be used as low NO xThermal source work, traditional relatively thus gas turbine power plant has improved environmental performance.
Illustrated comprise fluid regulation apparatus 204 and 210 and a remarkable advantage of the control section of the hybrid power system 200 of controller 220 be, this system can obtain the further increase of whole system efficient by some system unit being adjusted to maximum, optimization, increasing or reducing the power output of system 200.In addition, illustrated energy system 10 can obtain the control fully to the power output of electro-chemical conversion system 12 and Gas Turbine Modules 14.
A conversion embodiment of Figure 13 presentation graphs 1 and 12 hybrid power system.The power output of these illustrated hybrid power system 230 control Gas Turbine Modules 258.The explanation of this embodiment is similar to some aspect of said system 70.System 230 makes the air 232 from an air source import in the compressor 234 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, then from emitting here.Be heated and air pressurized can be passed through fluid conduit systems 242 delivery heat exchangers 244, as a recuperator, here its is by the heating by the exhaust gases of being discharged by Gas Turbine Modules 258, this will be described in greater detail below.
Fuel 246 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 250 after can be randomly by heat exchanger 244, it is also by the GTE preheating in heat exchanger 244.Heated air 232 and fuel 246 are as the input reactant work of electro-chemical conversion system 250.Electro-chemical conversion system 250 can be identical with the electro-chemical conversion system 72 and 212 of Fig. 1 and 12.
Electro-chemical conversion system 250 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and sends electricity and produce the used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.This electric energy is typical direct current, and it can be converted to alternating current by the alternating current generator (not shown).The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 250 will be used for additionally heating the air (or fuel) that enters electro-chemical conversion system 250 by another heat exchanger 248.The high-temp waste gas that leaves electro-chemical conversion system 250 can have the temperature higher than the air of delivery heat exchanger 248.In this structure, both used heat of this system recoveries electro-chemical conversion system 250 and Gas Turbine Modules 258 is so that control system efficient.
The waste gas that leaves heat exchanger 248 can be coupled-reach selectively the gas turbine expander 238 that directly is coupled-arrives by fluid line 254.The waste gas that turbine expander 238 produces electro-chemical conversion system 250 expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 240.Generator 240 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 250 works as the bottom cycle device as the burner operation and the gas turbine of Gas Turbine Modules 258.
An advantage of the electro-chemical conversion system 250 that uses as gas turbine burner is that this converting system is as additional generator work.Illustrated electric connector 252 is drawn electric energy from system 230.Gas turbine and generator component are known technologies and available from commerce.This chemotron of those of ordinary skill easy to understand and gas turbine ways of connecting, especially basis explanation and diagram here.
Gas Turbine Modules 258 also produces and can be acquired and can be by fluid conduit systems 256 hot waste gass that carry, that be used for subsequent use.According to a form of implementation, turbine waste gas is by heat exchanger 244.Air after fuel 246 and/or the heating also can pass through heat exchanger 244.The used heat relevant with turbine waste gas is used for fuel and the preheating of air before importing electro-chemical conversion system 250.Best, be such at the reactant of input and the sensible heat exchange between the output turbine waste gas, promptly the convective heat exchange between gas is best, or some concrete heat is recuperated.For example, the used heat relevant with the waste gas that will send out system in addition is transfused to reacting gas and has absorbed.Its effect is that the part used heat that carries in the turbine exhaust flow is reclaimed continuously at least, is used to heat reactant.By using heat exchange mechanism, the heat waste consumption of system is reduced, and has improved overall system efficiency thus.This illustrated hybrid system is also by using second heat exchanger 248 to reclaim used heat, so that with the one or more reactants by it of the heating by the exhaust gases of converting system 250.
Electro-chemical conversion system 250 be operated in the temperature of rising and the pressure that increases on.This chemotron is preferably a kind of fuel cell system, and this system can comprise and is similar to U.S. Pat 4,853,100 cross one another heat exchangers of addressing shown type, and this patent is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 250 can comprise fuel cell (shown in Fig. 1 and 5-7) and the selectable thermal control heap on the working temperature that is operated in selection.According to a preferred embodiment, fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell, and it has the working temperature that is about 1000 ℃ and produces the waste gas with about this grade temperature thus.Some gas turbine, the input fluid that need have the temperature that is equal to or less than 1000 ℃ as small-sized turbine unit.On the temperature amplitude that the input temp that the requirement of this fluid temperature (F.T.) will instruct the high-temp waste gas that sent by electro-chemical conversion system 212 to be adjusted to be needed with Gas Turbine Modules 258 is complementary.The present invention is devoted to solve the not adaptive of temperature requirement or temperature by providing the selectable temperature to a certain degree of converting system waste gas controlled.
Allow that as known in this technical field, traditional gas turbine the input service fluid arrives certain maximum temperature.Gas Turbine Modules 258 can be operated on the lower temperature, but the output of the power of turbine correspondingly reduces.Therefore, if gas turbine 258 has the maximum input temp requirement between about 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, then the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system should be cooled at least on this temperature amplitude, so that meet the job requirement of gas turbine.In the case, can be used to preheating input reactant, reduce the bulk temperature of waste gas thus by the temperature of electro-chemical conversion system 250 air discharged.By regulating heat exchange amount, the waste gas fluid temperature (F.T.) that is produced can be adjusted on the required amplitude.According to a form of implementation, to select or the pre-temperature conditions that stores according to the user, EGT is conditioned or controls on the temperature that is equal to or less than maximum turbine temperature.In above-mentioned example, high-temp waste gas can be cooled to about 900 ℃ or lower.
A remarkable advantage of illustrated hybrid power system 230 is: its allows to generate electricity by efficient, compact chemotron and gas turbine bottom device are combined to form a high efficiency systems.The hybrid power system that has been combined to form of electro-chemical conversion system 250 and Gas Turbine Modules 258, it has and approximates or even be higher than total generating efficiency of 70%.This system effectiveness shows significantly increasing the efficient that electro-chemical systems obtains of the gas turbine engine systems of prior art and prior art.
A conversion embodiment of Figure 14 presentation graphs 1,12 and 13 hybrid power system.The power output of these illustrated hybrid power system 260 control Gas Turbine Modules 286.The explanation of this embodiment is similar to some aspect of said system 70,200 and 230.Illustrated hybrid power system 260 makes the air 262 from an air source import in the compressor 264 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, then from emitting here.Be heated and air pressurized can be passed through fluid conduit systems 270 delivery heat exchangers 272, as a recuperator, here its is by the heating by the exhaust gases of being discharged by Gas Turbine Modules 286, this will be described in greater detail below.
Fuel 274 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 278 after selectively by heat exchanger 272, it is also by the GTE preheating in heat exchanger 272.Heated air and fuel are as the input reactant work of electro-chemical conversion system.Converting system 278 can with Fig. 1,12 and 13 electro-chemical conversion system 72,212 and 250 is identical.
Electro-chemical conversion system 278 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and sends electricity and produce the used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.This electric energy is typical direct current, and it can be converted to alternating current by the alternating current generator (not shown).The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 278 can be by fluid line 282 couplings-and selectively directly coupling-to gas turbine expander 266.The waste gas that turbine expander 266 produces electro-chemical conversion system 278 expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 268.Generator 268 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 278 works as the bottom cycle device as the burner operation and the gas turbine of Gas Turbine Modules 286.
Use electro-chemical conversion system 278 as an advantage of gas turbine burner to be, this converting system is as additional generator work.Illustrated electric connector 280 is drawn electric energy from system 260.Gas turbine and generator component are known technologies and available from commerce.This chemotron of those of ordinary skill easy to understand and gas turbine ways of connecting, especially basis explanation and diagram here.
Gas Turbine Modules 286 also produces and can be acquired and can be by fluid conduit systems 284 hot waste gass that carry, that be used for subsequent use.According to a form of implementation, turbine waste gas is by heat exchanger 272.Air after fuel and/or the heating also can pass through heat exchanger 272.The used heat relevant with turbine waste gas is used for fuel and/or the preheating of air before importing electro-chemical conversion system 278.Best, be such at the reactant of input and the sensible heat exchange between the output turbine waste gas, promptly the convective heat exchange between gas is best, or some specific heat is recuperated.For example, the used heat relevant with the waste gas that will send out system in addition is transfused to reacting gas and has absorbed.Its effect is to be used for heating part used heat reactant and that the turbine exhaust flow carries at least and to be reclaimed continuously.By using this heat exchange mechanism, the heat waste consumption of system is reduced, and has improved overall system efficiency thus.
Electro-chemical conversion system 278 be operated in the temperature of rising and the pressure that increases on.This chemotron is preferably a kind of fuel cell system, and this system can comprise and is similar to U.S. Pat 4,853,100 cross one another heat exchangers of addressing shown type, and this patent is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 278 can comprise fuel cell (shown in Fig. 1 and 5-7) and the selectable thermal control heap on the working temperature that is operated in selection.According to a preferred embodiment, fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell, and it has the working temperature that is about 1000 ℃ and produces the waste gas with about this grade temperature thus.Some gas turbine, as small-sized turbine unit need have the temperature that is lower than 1000 ℃, as the input fluid between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃.Therefore the requirement of this fluid temperature (F.T.) will instruct the high-temp waste gas that sent by electro-chemical conversion system 278 to be adjusted on the temperature amplitude that the input temp with Gas Turbine Modules 286 needs is complementary.The present invention is devoted to solve the not adaptive of temperature requirement or temperature by providing the selectable temperature to a certain degree of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas controlled.
Allow that as known in this technical field, traditional gas turbine the input service fluid reaches certain maximum temperature.Gas Turbine Modules 258 can be operated on the lower temperature, but the output of the power of turbine correspondingly reduces.Therefore, if gas turbine 258 has the maximum input temp requirement between about 800 ℃ and about 900 ℃, then the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system should be cooled at least on this temperature amplitude, so that meet the job requirement of gas turbine.In the case, be higher than required scope by electro-chemical conversion system 278 exhaust gas discharged temperature.Therefore, the essential necessary heat that dissipates of this system before it is imported into the turbine expander.According to a form of implementation, the size of fluid conduit systems and parameter are designed to by convection current, conduction or the radiation required waste-gas heat that dissipates.The size of fluid conduit systems 282 and parameter can design with the mode of any demand, and available straight, crooked, snakelike other suitable mode that reaches is come configuration.By the heat exchange amount between waste gas and atmosphere in the adjusting fluid conduit systems or the other environment, the EGT that is produced can be adjusted to required degree.According to a form of implementation, according to the temperature conditions of user's selection or pre-stored, the EGT of generation can be conditioned or control on the temperature that is equal to or less than maximum turbine temperature.
Illustrated hybrid power system 260 especially can be used for relatively little power system, as being lower than the power system of 100kW, and wherein the area of system-condition is being arranged system's heat balance than big and thermal losses.
A remarkable advantage of illustrated hybrid power system 260 is: its allows to generate electricity by efficient, compact chemotron and Gas Turbine Modules are combined to form a high efficiency systems.The hybrid power system that has been combined to form of electro-chemical conversion system 278 and Gas Turbine Modules 286, it has and is higher than total generating efficiency of 70%.This system effectiveness shows significantly increasing the efficient that electro-chemical systems obtains of the gas turbine engine systems of prior art and prior art.
A conversion embodiment of the hybrid power system of Figure 15 presentation graphs 1 and 12-14.The power output of these illustrated hybrid power system 290 control Gas Turbine Modules 193.The explanation of this embodiment is similar to said system 70,200, some aspect of 230 and 260.System 290 makes the air 292 from an air source import in the compressor 294 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, then from emitting here.But be heated and air pressurized longshore current body canal 300 delivery heat exchangers 302, here it is by the waste heat that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 320.Heated then air imports the turbine expander 296 of Gas Turbine Modules 306, and here it is worked as expander drives gas.
Fuel 310 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 320 after selectively by heat exchanger 314, it is by system's heating by the exhaust gases in heat exchanger 314.Similarly, air 312 can and be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 320 then by interchanger 314.Heated air 312 and fuel 310 are as the input reactant work of this electro-chemical conversion system.Being imported into the air of electro-chemical conversion system 320 and the amount of fuel can be regulated by fluid regulation unit 310 and 312 at input.The power output of electro-chemical conversion system is controlled by regulating the reaction volume that imports wherein in fluid regulation unit 310 and 312, and the power output of control system 290 thus.This electro-chemical conversion system 320 can be identical with the electro-chemical conversion system 72 of Fig. 1.
Electro-chemical conversion system 320 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and sends electricity and produce the used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 320 can selectively be engaged with turbine waste gas to form system's waste gas, and it is sent to heat exchanger 314 along conduit 308 then, so that the fuel and the air reactant of preheating input.The waste gas of system 320 can directly be coupled to heat exchanger, or can mix mutually with gas turbine or system's waste gas.According to another form of implementation, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas can be connected to heat exchanger 314 with being separated, with the reactant of preheating input.The used heat relevant with system waste gas is used for fuel and the preheating of air before importing electro-chemical conversion system 320.Best, be such at the reactant of input and the sensible heat exchange between the output turbine waste gas, promptly the convective heat exchange between gas is best, or some specific heat is recuperated.For example, the used heat relevant with the waste gas that will send out system in addition is transfused to reacting gas and has absorbed.Its effect is to be used for heating part used heat reactant and that exhaust flow carries at least and to be reclaimed continuously.By using heat exchange mechanism, the heat waste consumption of system is reduced, and has improved overall system efficiency thus.
Electro-chemical conversion system 320 transfers heat to heat exchanger 302 by thermal radiation (as shown), conduction or convection current.Compressed air by conduit 300 is by heat exchanger 302 and by the waste heat that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 320.Air capacity by heat exchanger 302 and importing turbine expander 296 is regulated by fluid regulation unit 304.Fluid regulation unit 304 can allow part or all of heated air to import turbine 296 or be sent to fluid conduit systems 308.In this way, controller 326 may command are imported into the amount of the driving gas (for example heated air) of turbine, and the power output of may command turbine expander 296 thus.
The waste gas that turbine expander 296 produces electro-chemical conversion system 320 expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 298.Generator 298 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 320 works as the bottom cycle device of electro-chemical conversion system 320 as the burner operation and the gas turbine of Gas Turbine Modules 306.In addition, electro-chemical conversion system 320 be operated in the temperature of rising and the pressure that increases on.On the other hand, the heat exchanger 302 of heating compressor air normally increases the parts of pressure work.The air that will be compressed and heat is utilized as the driving gas of Gas Turbine Modules 306 then.Therefore, illustrated system 290 use the lower pressure subsidiary systems be used to used heat from the ambient pressure subsystem compressed air is heated to the adaptive temperature of Gas Turbine Modules 306 on.The collaborative work of the pressure subsystem that these are different can be used in system configuration, and can alleviate the project organization and the tolerance of whole system 290 thus.
Those of ordinary skill will be understood: the used heat of exchange will be realized the work and the efficient of whole system in heat exchanger 302.System 290 can regulate or adjust the power output of Gas Turbine Modules 306 by the input temp of regulating driving gas.In addition, fluid regulation apparatus 310 and 312 is regulated the reaction volume that imports electro-chemical conversion system 320, and has regulated the power output of fuel cell thus.
Figure 16 presentation graphs 1, and a conversion embodiment of the hybrid power system of 12-15.The power output of these illustrated hybrid power system 330 control Gas Turbine Modules 340 and electro-chemical conversion system 358.The explanation of this embodiment is similar to said system 70,200, some aspect of 230,260 and 290.Illustrated hybrid power system 330 makes the air 332 from an air source import in the compressor 334 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, then from emitting here.But be heated and air pressurized longshore current body canal 344 delivery heat exchangers 350, here it is by the waste heat that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 358.Make heated air import the turbine expander 336 of Gas Turbine Modules 340 then, here it is worked as expander drives gas.
Fuel 346 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 358 after selectively by heat exchanger 350, it is by system's heating by the exhaust gases in heat exchanger 350.Heated air and fuel are as the input reactant work of electro-chemical conversion system.Converting system 358 can be identical with above-mentioned electro-chemical conversion system.
Electro-chemical conversion system 358 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and sends electricity and produce the used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 358 can be by fluid line 360 couplings-and can randomly directly be coupled-to gas turbine expander 336.The waste gas that turbine expander 336 produces electro-chemical conversion system 358 expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 338.Generator 338 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.
The compressed air that flows through conduit 344 is directly by heat exchanger 350 or bypass heat exchanger and mix mutually by the air of fluid regulation unit 354 with heat exchanger 350 discharges selectively.The air supply that the air of the heating of discharging with heat exchanger 350 mixes is mutually selectively regulated in this fluid regulation unit 354.Similarly, fluid regulation unit 356 is regulated and is entered being heated and compressed air capacity of electro-chemical conversion system 358.According to an execution mode, the air capacity that imports the thermal control heap that is contained in pressure vessel inside is regulated in fluid regulation unit 354.Fluid regulation unit 356 is the air capacity of scalable importing fuel cell then, and this fuel cell also can be installed in the pressure vessel.In combination, output of the power of fluid regulation unit 356 and 354 scalable electro-chemical conversion systems 358 and/or temperature.
Gas Turbine Modules 340 also produces and can be acquired and can be by fluid conduit systems 342 hot waste gass that carry, that be used for subsequent use.According to a form of implementation, turbine waste gas is by heat exchanger 350.The used heat relevant with turbine waste gas is used for fuel and/or the preheating of air before importing electro-chemical conversion system 358.Illustrated hybrid power system 330 can use fluid regulation unit 352 to regulate heated turbine exhausted air quantity by heat exchanger 350.By regulating the exhausted air quantity through over-heat-exchanger 350, the temperature of fluid regulation unit 352 scalable input reactant reaches the hot state of electro-chemical conversion system 358 of regulating thus.
Those of ordinary skill will readily appreciate that: can use a controller to regulate one or more parts of hybrid power system 330.
Figure 17 presentation graphs 1, and a conversion embodiment of the hybrid power system of 12-16.In this illustrated hybrid power system 370, use one or more fluid regulation apparatus to control the power output of Gas Turbine Modules 380.The explanation of this embodiment is similar to some aspect of above-mentioned hybrid power system.System 370 makes the air 372 from an air source import in the compressor 374 by any suitable fluid conduit systems, and here it is compressed, pressurizes and heats, then from emitting here.But be heated and air pressurized longshore current body canal 382 delivery heat exchangers 390, recuperator for example, here its is by by the heating of Gas Turbine Modules 380 exhaust gas discharged, as below will be in greater detail.
Fuel 386 can be imported into electro-chemical conversion system 396 after can be randomly by heat exchanger 390, it is by system's heating by the exhaust gases in heat exchanger 390.Heated air and fuel are as input reactant work and be imported into the electro-chemical conversion system by suitable pipe guide.Electro-chemical conversion system 396 can with above-mentioned electro-chemical conversion system class like or identical.Electro-chemical conversion system 396 handles fuel and oxidant reactant and sends electricity and produce the used heat relevant with high-temp waste gas in a working method.The waste gas that is produced by electro-chemical conversion system 396 can be coupled to gas turbine expander 376 by suitable fluid line or pipe guide 399.The waste gas that turbine expander 376 produces the electro-chemical conversion system expands adiabaticly, and this thermal power transfer is become rotating energy, is used for sending to subsequently generator 378.Generator 378 sends electricity, and it can be used for commerce and two kinds of purposes of family expenses.In this structure, electro-chemical conversion system 396 works as the bottom cycle device as the burner operation and the gas turbine of Gas Turbine Modules 380.
Gas Turbine Modules 380 also produces and can be acquired and can be by fluid conduit systems 406 hot waste gass that carry, that be used for subsequent use.According to a form of implementation, turbine waste gas is by heat exchanger 390.Fuel and heated air are also by this interchanger 390.The used heat relevant with turbine waste gas is used for fuel and/or the preheating of air before importing electro-chemical conversion system 396.Best, be such at the reactant of input and the sensible heat exchange between the output waste gas, promptly the convective heat exchange between gas is best, or some concrete heat is recuperated.For example, the used heat relevant with the waste gas that will send out system in addition is transfused to reacting gas and has absorbed.Its effect is to be used for heating used heat reactant and that exhaust flow carries to small part and to be reclaimed continuously.By using heat exchange mechanism, the heat waste consumption of system is reduced, and has improved overall system efficiency thus.
Illustrated electro-chemical conversion system 396 can comprise a fuel cell (shown in Fig. 1 and 5-7) and the optional thermal control heap (shown in Fig. 8-11) on the working temperature that is operated in selection.According to a preferred embodiment, fuel cell is a solid-oxide fuel cell, and it has the working temperature that is about 1000 ℃ and produces the waste gas that has about this grade temperature thus.Some gas turbine, as the input fluid that small-sized turbine unit need have the temperature that is lower than 1000 ℃, this temperature is about 900 ℃ usually.Therefore the requirement of fluid temperature (F.T.) will instruct the high-temp waste gas that sent by electro-chemical conversion system 396 to be adjusted on the temperature amplitude that the input temp with Gas Turbine Modules 380 needs is complementary.The present invention is fit to that converting system waste gas is carried out selectable temperature controlled method to a certain degree and is devoted to solve the not adaptive of temperature by providing multiple.
Refer again to Figure 17, this hybrid power system 370 also comprises a plurality of fluid regulation apparatus and controller 410, is used to regulate the fuel quantity that imports electro-chemical conversion system 396 and regulates the EGT that imports and leave Gas Turbine Modules 380.Illustrated hybrid power system 370 comprises the first fluid adjusting device 384 that is connected across between compressor fluid conduit 382 and the electro-chemical conversion system exhaust flow body canal 399.This fluid regulation apparatus 384 allows selectively: the part of the compressor air of being discharged by compressor 374 is directly mixed mutually before importing gas turbine expander 376 with the waste gas of the heating again of electro-chemical conversion system 396 or is mixed.
Allow that as known in this technical field, traditional gas turbine the input service fluid reaches certain maximum temperature.Gas Turbine Modules 380 can be operated on the lower temperature, but the output of the power of turbine correspondingly reduces.Therefore, if gas turbine has 900 ℃ maximum input temp requirement, then the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system should be cooled at least on this temperature amplitude or be lower than this temperature, so that meet the job requirement of gas turbine.In the case, the temperature of compressor 374 air discharged typically is lower than the EGT of electro-chemical conversion system 396.Bypass valve 384 can mix and cool off the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 396 to allow part or all of air by controller 410 controls by bypass manifold 385.By regulating the air capacity of mixing mutually with waste gas, the waste gas fluid temperature (F.T.) that is produced can be adjusted on the required amplitude.According to a form of implementation, to select or the pre-temperature conditions that stores according to the user, EGT is adjusted on the temperature that is equal to or less than maximum turbine temperature.In above-mentioned example, the high-temp waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 396 can be cooled to 900 ℃ or even lower.
Illustrated hybrid power system 370 also comprises the fluid regulation apparatus 388 of fuel metering, and it regulates the fuel quantity that imports in the electro-chemical conversion system 396.Fluid regulation apparatus 388 is connected with controller 410 formation feedbacks by any suitable path that communicates to connect.Controller 410 and fluid regulation apparatus 388 are regulated the fuel quantity that imports electro-chemical conversion system 396, and the power output of regulating it thus.
Illustrated hybrid power system 370 also can use the optional burner 398 that is arranged between electro-chemical conversion system 396 and the turbine expander 376, so as before to import turbine additionally heat exhaust gases and/or compressed air.The driving gas of 398 pairs of turbine expanders 376 of burner provides additional temperature levels control.
The compressed air that flows through conduit 382 selectively mixes mutually by the air that fluid regulation unit 392 and heat exchanger 390 are discharged.This fluid regulation unit 392 is regulated the air supply of mixing mutually with the air of heat exchanger 390 discharges selectively.Selectively similarly, fluid regulation unit 392 is regulated and is entered being heated and compressed air capacity of electro-chemical conversion system 396.According to an execution mode, the air capacity of the thermal control heap that imports electro-chemical conversion system 396 is regulated in fluid regulation unit 392.Fluid regulation unit 394 is the air capacity of the fuel cell of scalable importing electro-chemical conversion system 396 then.In combination, the temperature of fluid regulation unit 392 and 394 scalable electro-chemical conversion systems 370 and/or power output, and regulate the temperature and/or the power output of whole system thus.
The waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system 396 can directly be imported into the turbine expander 376 of Gas Turbine Modules 380, but or bypass expander and mixing with turbine waste gas.Fluid regulation unit 404 regulate in the bypass manifolds 400, with conduit 402 in the exhausted air quantity of the electro-chemical conversion system 396 mixed mutually of the turbine waste gas that flows through.Therefore fluid regulation unit 404 is by selectively regulating the power output that importing driving gas amount is wherein controlled gas turbine.
Figure 18 represents to be applicable to the Gas Turbine Modules 450 of hybrid power system of the present invention.This illustrated Gas Turbine Modules 450 comprises a shell body 452 with the air intake 454 that is formed on wherein.Air intake is used to the air that receives oxidant reactant, for example used by Gas Turbine Modules 450.Air by air intake 454 is imported into and is used for compressed-air actuated compressor.Compressed air leaves compressor 456 and passes through a mistress's 460 mid portion 458.Those of ordinary skill is with easy to understand: mistress 460 can be used as the heat exchanger work of the recuperator 88 that is similar to Figure 12, so that pre-hot compressed air is used for being used by Gas Turbine Modules 450 subsequently.Mistress 460 partly is made of the bulkhead that is arranged on shell body 452 on outer part of Gas Turbine Modules or the exterior domain.The bulkhead of gas turbine shell body 452 partly uses a dome cap 462, and this dome cap is used for transmitting or shift one or more internal flows at the duration of work of Gas Turbine Modules 450.
What compressed air flow through mistress 460 and was connected to a dome cap part 462 that penetrates shell body 452 wears wall fluid conduit systems 464.This wear wall fluid conduit systems 464 at one end and external heat source, form fluid as above-mentioned electro-chemical conversion system and be communicated with, reach and be connected with mistress 460 at the other end.Wear the compressed air that is heated that wall fluid conduit systems 464 will leave outer annular chamber 460 and be sent to external heat source.Can use a connector or adapter 466 will wear the interior section that wall fluid conduit systems 464 is connected to Gas Turbine Modules 450.Illustrated connector 466 can be any suitable mechanical connecting part that enough makes a pipeline or pipe be connected to one or more internal parts of Gas Turbine Modules 450.According to an embodiment, connector 466 can be a bellows, it allows fluid conduit systems 464 to be connected to Gas Turbine Modules 450 and relative this Gas Turbine Modules moves axially selectively, alleviates by being operated in the thermal stress that parts on the different temperatures or that have the different coefficients of expansion cause but the present invention also can consider other connector.
Compressed air is heated by external heat source, and turns back to Gas Turbine Modules along a Returning fluid conduit 468.Returning fluid conduit 468 is connected to medial compartment 470 by connector 472.From the waste gas of external heat source by medial compartment 470 and be imported into turbine expander 474.This turbine expander expands waste gas adiabaticly, then by inner room 476.Turbine waste gas by inner room 476 is collected mistress 460 by dome cap part 462, here waste gas and compressed air exchanged heat so that before air longshore current body canal 464 imports external heat sources preheated air.Turbine waste gas is discharged or is emitted from Gas Turbine Modules 450 by tap 478 then.
Those of ordinary skill is with easy to understand: can use the fluid regulation structure to combine with Gas Turbine Modules 450, so that one or more parameters of Gas Turbine Modules 450 are carried out the control of some selection.As an example, the grid hole can be set in Returning fluid conduit 468, so that the waste gas of thermal source is mixed selectively with the GTE that flows through interior doughnut 476.Similarly, can in dome cap 462, form the grid hole, so that surrounding environment is arrived in the turbine toxic emission.
Those of ordinary skill is easy to understand, and illustrated Gas Turbine Modules 450 can comprise other traditional parts, as axle 480.The description of above Gas Turbine Modules 450 only is a demonstration example, and those of ordinary skill can use other configuration to realize the present invention easy to understand.Especially, the present invention has considered to be provided with one or more wall fluid conduit systems of wearing and has extracted compressed air fully, is used for flowing to subsequently external heat source, and then the waste gas of thermal source is flowed to Gas Turbine Modules.Those of ordinary skill is easy to understand, and that can use any selection number in any concrete structure wears the wall fluid conduit systems, and for example the axial configuration of symmetry so that carry out the extraction of fluid from Gas Turbine Modules, or transports fluid into Gas Turbine Modules.
Those of ordinary skill can use various system fluid flow structures and fluid regulation arrangements of cells with easy to understand except that above-mentioned different system structure, and controls temperature and one or more system unit, subsystem or the assembly of fuel cell simultaneously.
As can be seen, efficient of the present invention has realized described purpose, and these are illustrated in the above description.Change because under the situation that does not depart from the scope of the invention, can make some said structure, thus comprise in the above description or all the elements shown in the accompanying drawing to should be understood to be illustrative, and nonrestrictive.
Be further appreciated that following claims are used to cover all types of the present invention described here and concrete feature, and all of the scope of the invention state that these all should be considered to fall into the scope of claim.

Claims (235)

1. be used to the hybrid power system (70,200,370) that generates electricity, comprise:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium;
One or more electro-chemical conversion system, their described relatively compressors arrange that to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and produce fuel cell exhaust;
One or more turbines, they form fluid connection and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout with the electro-chemical conversion system, and to receive at least a portion of waste gas, described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas; And
Adjusting device is used for regulating by the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system one or more running parameters of turbine.
2. hybrid power system according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting device comprise remainder and the combined device of controlling the turbine running parameter with the formation exhaust-gas mixture of turbine waste gas that is used for the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
3. hybrid power system according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting device comprises and is arranged on that both form the regulon that fluid is communicated with between described electro-chemical conversion system and the described turbine or with them, is used to regulate the amount from the waste gas of described electro-chemical conversion system and the described turbine of bypass.
4. hybrid power system according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting device comprises and is arranged between described electro-chemical conversion system and the described turbine and both form the regulon that fluid is communicated with them, is used to regulate from described electro-chemical conversion system and imports the amount of the waste gas of described turbine.
5. hybrid power system according to claim 1 also comprises cooling device, is used to cool off the waste gas of the electro-chemical conversion system before importing turbine.
6. hybrid power system according to claim 5, wherein said cooling device comprises the fluid conduit systems that is connected with electro-chemical conversion system and turbine, be used for described electro-chemical conversion system waste gas is sent to turbine, and wherein said fluid conduit systems is suitable for before importing described turbine from electro-chemical conversion system waste gas radiation ground, conduction ground or convection current ground and passes and become popular.
7. hybrid power system according to claim 1, wherein said running parameter comprises the wheel motor speed, output of wheel acc power or turbine temperature.
8. hybrid power system according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting device comprise the device that is used to regulate the electro-chemical conversion system exhausted air quantity that imports turbine.
9. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, also comprise with electro-chemical conversion system and turbine and form the fluid regulation unit that fluid is communicated with, be used to regulate the amount of the waste gas of the electro-chemical conversion system that enters turbine and bypass turbine, described bypass segment and turbine waste gas are combined or be discharged in the atmosphere.
10. hybrid power system according to claim 8, wherein said fluid regulation unit comprises valve, gate unit, roating sphere or diaphragm.
11. hybrid power system according to claim 8, wherein said fluid regulation unit comprises a triple valve.
12. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein turbine only receives the part of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
13., also comprise the heat exchange unit that is arranged between turbine and the electro-chemical conversion system and is used for receiving at least one of first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas, electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and combined exhaust gas according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim.
14. hybrid power system according to claim 13, also comprise the device that is used for exhaust-gas mixture is imported heat exchange unit, wherein said exhaust-gas mixture selectively heats one of at least in described first and second medium to by heat exchange unit the time.
15. hybrid power system according to claim 14 also comprises the device that is used for first medium of compression is imported the electro-chemical conversion system after passing through heat exchange unit.
16. hybrid power system according to claim 13, wherein said heat exchange unit one of comprise in a heat exchanger and the recuperator at least.
17. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, also comprise the second fluid regulation unit that is arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, be used to regulate the amount of first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression.
18. hybrid power system according to claim 17 also comprises the device that is used for controlling by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression the turbine running parameter.
19., also comprise the three-fluid regulon according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, be used to regulate the amount of second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the power that the electro-chemical conversion system produces thus.
20. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, also comprise the heating source that is arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the turbine, be used for the waste gas of the electro-chemical conversion system before the importing turbine is heated to the elevated temperature of a selection.
21. hybrid power system according to claim 20, wherein said heating source comprise a burner.
22. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises chemotron and at least one thermal control heap and a container, and being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and selectively holds the thermal control heap.
23. hybrid power system according to claim 22 comprises that also the waste gas that is used to collect thermal control heap and fuel cell is with the device of the waste gas that forms the electro-chemical conversion system and be used for discharging electro-chemical conversion system waste gas from container so that its outside device that uses.
24. hybrid power system according to claim 22 also comprises the 4th fluid regulation unit, is used to regulate the amount of first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
25. hybrid power system according to claim 24, wherein said the 4th fluid regulation unit be disposed in heat exchange unit and thermal control pile both one of and compressor between, be used to regulate from the amount of compressed first medium of compressor or regulate from heat exchange unit and be imported into the amount of first medium of thermal control heap.
26., also comprise the device that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim.
27. hybrid power system according to claim 26, wherein said a plurality of different sources comprise compressor and heat exchange unit.
28. hybrid power system according to claim 25 also comprises being used for and will being imported the device of the 4th fluid regulation unit by at least a portion of first medium of compressor discharge before importing heat exchange unit.
29. hybrid power system according to claim 25 also comprises the 5th fluid regulation unit that is arranged between heat exchange unit and the electro-chemical conversion system, is used to regulate by heat exchange unit and the amount that enters first medium of fuel cell.
30. hybrid power system according to claim 1 also comprises:
Be arranged in the recuperator between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it is used for receiving exhaust-gas mixture and first and second medium one of at least, so that use the exhaust-gas mixture heat medium, and
Be arranged on the counterflow heat exchanger between turbine and recuperator at least one and the electro-chemical conversion system among both, it is used for receiving one of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium, so that heat one of first and second medium with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
31. hybrid power system according to claim 28 also comprises being used for compressed first medium and the device that mixes mutually before importing the thermal control heap from being heated of heat exchange unit, compressed first medium.
32. hybrid power system according to claim 22 also comprises the device that is used for first and second medium is imported the thermal control heap.
33. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, also comprise the generator that is connected with turbine and is used to receive the turbine rotating energy, wherein this generator responds turbine rotating energy generates electricity.
34. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein the electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell, and wherein said fuel cell packets is drawn together the electrochemical converter assembly with a plurality of converter units that pile up, this converting unit of piling up comprise a plurality of a side have the oxidant electrode material and opposite side have fuel electrode material electrolyte panel, and a plurality of being used for produce the middle connecting plate electrically contact with electrolyte panel, wherein the converter unit heap assembles by middle connecting plate and the electrolyte panel that is stacked alternately.
35. hybrid power system according to claim 34, the converting unit of wherein piling up comprises a plurality of manifolds that axially are connected and are used to receive first and second medium with heap, and comprise the medium heater that is connected with this manifold, be used at least a portion of first and second medium is heated to the working temperature of transducer.
36. hybrid power system according to claim 35, wherein middle connecting plate comprises the connecting plate of heat conduction.
37. hybrid power system according to claim 35, its medium heater comprise intermediate plate heat conduction and integrally formed, extend into the extended surface in the axial manifold.
38. hybrid power system according to claim 35, wherein the converter unit heap also comprises a plurality of dividing plates that are placed between electrolyte panel and the middle connecting plate.
39. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein the electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell, and wherein electricity generation system also comprises the device of working temperature between about 20 ℃ and about 1500 ℃ that is used to keep fuel cell.
40. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises the fuel cell of selecting from following group, this group comprises solid-oxide fuel cell, melt carbonate fuel battery, phosphoric acid fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
41. according to each described hybrid power system in the above claim, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system and compressor and turbine conspire to create row or the non-layout of embarking on journey.
42. use the method for hybrid power system generating, may further comprise the steps:
Compress first medium,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system is set, is used for allowing in first and second medium generation electrochemical reaction and produces waste gas,
One or more turbines are set, and to receive the part of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas, and
By regulate the running parameter of turbine from the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
43. according to the described method of claim 42, wherein said regulating step may further comprise the steps:
A part of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas is imported turbine, and
Remainder and the combined running parameter of controlling turbine with the formation exhaust-gas mixture of turbine waste gas with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
44. according to the described method of claim 42, also comprise regulate directly mix with described turbine waste gas, from the step of the exhausted air quantity of electro-chemical conversion system.
45. according to the described method of claim 42, also comprise regulate to import described turbine, from the step of the exhausted air quantity of electro-chemical conversion system.
46., also comprise the step of the electro-chemical conversion system waste gas of cooling before importing turbine according to the described method of claim 42.
47., also be included in and import the step that radiation ground, conduction ground or convection current ground conduct heat from electro-chemical conversion system waste gas before the described turbine according to the described method of claim 42.
48. according to the described method of claim 42, also be included between turbine and the electro-chemical conversion system heat exchange unit be set, be used for receiving first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas step one of at least.
49., also comprise exhaust-gas mixture is imported heat exchange unit, and the step that selectively heats one of at least in described first and second medium to by heat exchange unit the time according to the described method of claim 48.
50., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to the described method of claim 42.
51., also comprise the step of controlling the turbine running parameter by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to the described method of claim 42.
52. according to the described method of claim 42, also comprise the amount of regulating second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the step of the power of electro-chemical conversion system generation thus.
53. according to the described method of claim 42, also comprise will leave the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system of electro-chemical conversion system before importing turbine, be heated to step on the elevated temperature of a selection.
54. according to the described method of claim 42, also comprise structure electro-chemical conversion system, to comprise the step of fuel cell and at least one a thermal control heap and a container, being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and selectively holds the thermal control heap.
55., further comprising the steps of according to the described method of claim 54:
The waste gas of collecting thermal control heap and fuel cell reaches to form the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system
Discharge electro-chemical conversion system waste gas from container so that the use of its outside.
56., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap according to the described method of claim 54.
57., also comprise and regulate the step that is imported into thermal control amount heap, compressed first medium according to the described method of claim 54.
58., also comprise the step that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to the described method of claim 42.
59. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (230) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system, their described relatively compressors arrange that to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and generation electro-chemical conversion system waste gas
One or more turbines, they form fluid connection and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout with the electro-chemical conversion system, and to receive at least a portion of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, described waste gas is worked as the turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine generating and generation turbine waste gas
One or more recuperators that are arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it be used for receiving at least a portion turbine waste gas or electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium both one of at least so that with turbine waste gas heat medium, and
One or more heat exchangers that are arranged between compressor and recuperator at least one and the electro-chemical conversion system among both, described heat exchanger is used for receiving by one of this recuperative first and second medium and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, and described heat exchanger is constructed such that electro-chemical conversion system waste gas comes to heat medium by it in importing electro-chemical conversion system.
60. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 59, wherein turbine only receives the part of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
61. according to claim 59 or 60 described hybrid power systems, wherein said recuperator is used to receive first medium, second medium, and turbine waste gas or electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
62. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-61, wherein said recuperator comprise outside counterflow heat exchanger and radiation heat exchanger both one of.
63. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-62, also comprise the fluid regulation unit that is arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, be used to regulate the amount of first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression.
64., also comprise the device that is used for controlling the turbine running parameter by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-62.
65., also comprise the second fluid regulation unit according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-64, be used to regulate the amount of second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the power that the electro-chemical conversion system produces thus.
66. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-65, also comprise the heating source that is arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the turbine, be used for the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system is heated to the elevated temperature of a selection before importing turbine.
67. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-66, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell and at least one thermal control heap and a container, and being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and selectively holds the thermal control heap.
68. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 59, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell and at least one thermal control heap, described system also comprises a container, is used to collect the waste gas of thermal control heap and fuel cell to form the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
69. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 68, also comprise a fluid regulation unit, be used to regulate the amount of first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
70. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 69, wherein said fluid regulation unit be disposed in heat exchange unit and thermal control pile both one of and compressor between, be used to regulate from the amount of compressed first medium of compressor or regulate from heat exchange unit and be imported into the amount of first medium of thermal control heap.
71., also comprise the device that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 59-70.
72. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 59, wherein said recuperator is arranged to receive second medium, compressed first medium and turbine waste gas, and wherein said recuperator first and second medium when being used to make the heating of turbine waste gas by it.
73. use the method for hybrid power system generating, may further comprise the steps:
Compress first medium,
The electro-chemical conversion system is set, and to receive first medium and second medium, this electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow take place electrochemical reaction and generating and produces electro-chemical conversion system waste gas between first and second medium,
Arrange that turbine and electro-chemical conversion system form fluid and be communicated with, to receive at least a portion of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, described waste gas reaches wherein said turbine generating and produces turbine waste gas as the work of turbine drive fluid,
Heat one of first and second medium with turbine waste gas, and
Waste gas with the electro-chemical conversion system before importing the electro-chemical conversion system heats one of first and second medium.
74. according to the described method of claim 72, wherein the step that heats one of first and second medium with turbine waste gas is included in recuperative step is set between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, be used for receiving at least a portion of turbine waste gas or electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium both one of at least so that use the waste gas heat medium.
75. according to claim 73 or 74 described methods, the step that wherein before importing the electro-chemical conversion system, heats one of first and second medium with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas also be included in compressor and recuperator both one of and the electro-chemical conversion system between the step of heat exchanger is set, described heat exchanger is used for receiving by one of recuperative first and second medium and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, and described heat exchanger is constructed such that the waste gas heating of electro-chemical conversion system imports the preceding medium by it of electro-chemical conversion system.
76., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating compressed first medium that mixes with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas according to each described method among the claim 73-75.
77., also comprise the step of controlling the turbine running parameter by the control and the amount of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas first medium that mix mutually, compression according to each described method among the claim 73-75.
78. according to each described method among the claim 73-76, also comprise and regulate the amount that imports second medium in the electro-chemical conversion system, control the step of the power that sends by the electro-chemical conversion system thus.
79., also be included at least a portion that imports before the turbine electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and be heated to step on the elevated temperature of selection according to each described method among the claim 73-78.
80. according to each described method among the claim 73-79, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell and at least one thermal control heap, comprises that also the waste gas of collecting thermal control heap and fuel cell is to form the step of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
81. 0 described method according to Claim 8 also comprises the step of the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
82. 0 described method according to Claim 8 comprises that also adjusting is from the amount of first medium of the compression of compressor or from the step of the amount of first medium of the importing thermal control heap of heat exchange unit.
83., also comprise and to import the step of electro-chemical conversion system from first medium of a plurality of not homologies according to each described method among the claim 73-82.
84. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (70,200,230,260,370) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system, their described relatively compressors arrange that to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and produce fuel cell exhaust,
One or more turbines, they form fluid connection and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout with the electro-chemical conversion system, and to receive the part of waste gas, described waste gas is worked as the turbine drive fluid, wherein said turbine generating and generation turbine waste gas, and
Be used to cool off the cooling device of the waste gas that imports the preceding electro-chemical conversion system of turbine.
85. 4 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8, wherein said cooling device comprises the device that is used to control the turbine running parameter.
86. 4 or 85 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8, wherein said cooling device comprise that radiation ground, conduction ground or convection current ground pass from electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and become popular.
87. each described hybrid power system among the 4-86 according to Claim 8, also comprise the recuperator that is arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it is used to receive one of turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, and in first and second medium one of at least, wherein said waste gas is heat medium when passing through recuperator.
88. 7 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8, wherein said recuperator is a radial pattern or counter flow type heat exchanger.
89. 7 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8, wherein said recuperator is arranged to receive second medium, compressed first medium and turbine waste gas, and wherein said recuperator first and second medium when being used to make the heating of turbine waste gas by it.
90. 5 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8, wherein said running parameter comprises speed, power or temperature.
91. each described hybrid power system among the 4-90 according to Claim 8 also comprises with electro-chemical conversion system and turbine forming the fluid regulation unit that fluid is communicated with, and is used to regulate the amount from the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system combined with turbine waste gas.
92. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 91, wherein said fluid regulation unit comprises valve, gate unit, roating sphere or diaphragm.
93. each described hybrid power system among the 4-92 according to Claim 8, comprise also being arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system and being used for receiving first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas heat exchange unit one of at least that wherein said waste gas selectively heats one of at least in described first and second medium to by heat exchange unit the time.
94., also comprise the device that is used for first medium of compression is imported the electro-chemical conversion system after passing through heat exchange unit according to the described hybrid power system of claim 93.
95. each described hybrid power system among the 4-94 according to Claim 8, also comprise the second fluid regulation unit that is arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, be used to regulate the amount of first medium of that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, heated or not heated, compression.
96., comprise that also amount that be used for mixing mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system by control, heated or not heated, first medium that compresses controls the device of turbine running parameter according to the described hybrid power system of claim 95.
97. each described hybrid power system among the 4-96 also comprises the three-fluid regulon according to Claim 8, is used to regulate the amount of second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, controls the power that the electro-chemical conversion system produces thus.
98. each described hybrid power system among the 4-97 according to Claim 8, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell, thermal control heap and a container, and being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and selectively holds the thermal control heap.
99. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 98, also comprise being used to collect the device of the waste gas of thermal control heap and fuel cell, and be used for discharging electro-chemical conversion system waste gas from container so that its outside device that uses with the waste gas of formation electro-chemical conversion system.
100. each described hybrid power system among the 4-99 also comprises the 4th fluid regulation unit according to Claim 8, is used to regulate the amount of first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
101. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 100, wherein said the 4th fluid regulation unit is disposed between compressor and the thermal control heap, the amount that is used to regulate compressed first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
102. each described hybrid power system among the 4-101 according to Claim 8 also comprises first medium from a plurality of not homologies is imported device in the electro-chemical conversion system.
103. 4 described hybrid power systems according to Claim 8 also comprise:
Be arranged in the recuperator between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it is used for receiving the waste gas of turbine waste gas and/or electro-chemical conversion system and first and second medium one of at least, so that use the exhaust-gas mixture heat medium, and/or
Be arranged on the heat exchanger between turbine and recuperator at least one and the electro-chemical conversion system among both, it is used for receiving one of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium, so that heat one of first and second medium with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
104., also comprise being used for the device that before importing the thermal control heap, compressed first medium and heated, compressed first medium that comes automatic heat-exchanger mixed mutually according to the described hybrid power system of claim 103.
105. each described hybrid power system among the 4-104 also comprises the device that is used for first and second medium is imported the thermal control heap according to Claim 8.
106. each described hybrid power system among the 4-105 according to Claim 8 also comprises the generator that is connected with turbine and is used to receive the turbine rotating energy, wherein this generator responds turbine rotating energy generates electricity.
107. use the method for hybrid power system generating, may further comprise the steps:
Compress first medium,
The electro-chemical conversion system is set, and to receive first medium and second medium, this electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow electrochemical reaction takes place between first and second medium and produce waste gas,
Turbine is formed fluid with the electro-chemical conversion system to be communicated with and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout turbine, to receive at least a portion of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and generating of wherein said turbine and generation turbine waste gas
The waste gas of cooling electro-chemical conversion system before importing turbine.
108., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, heated or not heated, first medium that compresses according to the described method of claim 107.
109., comprise that also amount that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system by control, heated or not heated, first medium that compresses controls the step of turbine running parameter according to the described method of claim 107.
110., also comprise the step of control turbine running parameter according to the described method of claim 107.
111. according to each described method among the claim 107-110, wherein said cooling step comprises the step that radiation ground, conduction ground or convection current ground conduct heat from electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
112. according to each described method among the claim 107-111, also be included in recuperative step is set between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, be used for receiving one of turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium one of at least, the described medium of wherein said waste gas heating during by recuperator.
113., also comprise and regulate the step from the amount of the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system combined with turbine waste gas according to each described method among the claim 107-112.
114. according to each described method among the claim 107-113, also be included in the step that heat exchange unit is set between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, described heat exchange unit is used for receiving first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas one of at least, and selectively heats one of at least in described first and second medium to by heat exchange unit the time with one of described waste gas.
115., also be included in by behind the heat exchanger first medium heated or not heated, compression being imported the step of electro-chemical conversion system according to the described method of claim 114.
116., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, heated or not heated, first medium that compresses according to each described method among the claim 107-115.
117., also comprise the step of controlling the turbine running parameter by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to each described method among the claim 107-116.
118. according to each described method among the claim 107-117, also comprise and regulate the amount that imports second medium in the electro-chemical conversion system, control the step of the power that produces by the electro-chemical conversion system thus.
119. according to each described method among the claim 107-118, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises fuel cell, thermal control heap and a container, being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and thermal control heap.
120., also comprise being used to collect the waste gas of the waste gas of thermal control heap and fuel cell, and discharge electro-chemical conversion system waste gas from container so that its outside step of using with formation electro-chemical conversion system according to the described method of claim 119.
121., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap according to each described method in claim 119 or 120.
122., also comprise the step that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each described method among the claim 107-121.
123. according to each described method in claim 119 or 120, also be included in import before the thermal control heap with compressed first medium with come being heated of automatic heat-exchanger, step that compressed first medium mixes mutually.
124., also comprise the step that first and second medium is imported the thermal control heap according to each described method in claim 119 or 120.
125. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (290) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress the medium of at least a portion of first medium with the generation compression,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system, in order to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and produce fuel cell exhaust,
One or more and electro-chemical conversion system form hot linked heat exchanger, are used to receive the medium of compression, described heat exchanger with electro-chemical conversion systems exchange heat so that the compressed media when regulating by heat exchanger reaches
One or more turbines, they are configured to receive the compressed media that leaves heat exchanger, described compressed media as the drive fluid of turbine so that generating.
126., also comprise the amount that is used to regulate the compressed media that imports turbine fluid regulation unit with the running parameter of controlling it according to the described hybrid power system of claim 125.
127. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 125, also comprise and be arranged to the fluid regulation unit that is connected with heat exchanger, turbine or electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, the at least a portion and the electro-chemical conversion system waste gas that are used for the compressed media of automatic heat-exchanger in the future are combined, so that control the running parameter of turbine.
128. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 127, wherein said running parameter comprises speed, power or turbine temperature.
129. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 125-128, also comprise counterflow heat exchanger, it is used to receive first medium and/or second medium, and also comprise an additional fluid regulation unit, be used to regulate the amount of leaving counterflow heat exchanger and importing described first or second medium of electro-chemical conversion system.
130. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 125, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises thermal control heap and one or more fuel cell that is arranged in the container, described system also comprises:
A counterflow heat exchanger,
The first fluid regulon is used to regulate the amount of leaving counterflow heat exchanger and importing described first medium of thermal control heap, and/or
The second fluid regulation unit, the amount that is used to regulate described first medium that leaves this heat exchanger and import fuel cell.
131. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 125, also comprise a counterflow heat exchanger, be used for receiving at least one of first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
132. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 125, wherein said turbine also comprises the recuperator that is arranged between turbine and the electro-chemical conversion system, it is used for receiving at least one of first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, so as in heating described first and second medium during by this recuperator one of at least.
133. according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 125-132, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises a fuel cell, at least one thermal control heap and a container, and being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and thermal control heap.
134. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 133, also comprise being used to collect the device of the waste gas of thermal control heap and fuel cell, and be used for discharging electro-chemical conversion system waste gas from container so that its outside device that uses with the waste gas of formation electro-chemical conversion system.
135., also comprise the first fluid regulon according to each described hybrid power system among the claim 125-134, be used to regulate the amount of second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the power that produces by the electro-chemical conversion system thus.
136. use the method for hybrid power system generating, may further comprise the steps:
Compress the medium of at least a portion of first medium with the generation compression,
The electro-chemical conversion system is set, and in order to the remainder that receives first medium and at least a portion in second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and produce waste gas,
Exchanged heat between electro-chemical conversion system and compressed media, so that regulate compressed media, and
Heated compressed media is sent to turbine, and turbine is configured to receive compressed media, and described compressed media is as the drive fluid of turbine generating.
137. according to the described method of claim 136, the amount of first medium that also comprises the compression that regulate to import turbine is with the step of the running parameter of controlling it.
138., also comprise and regulate the step of amount leave counterflow heat exchanger and to import first medium of electro-chemical conversion system according to the described method of claim 136.
139. according to the described method of claim 136, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises a thermal control heap, one or more fuel cell and counterflow heat exchanger that is arranged in the container, this counterflow heat exchanger is used to receive first medium and/or second medium, also comprises regulating the step of leaving this counterflow heat exchanger and importing the amount of described first medium in thermal control heap and/or the fuel cell.
140. according to the described method of claim 136, wherein said heat exchange steps comprises the step that is provided with the hot link of electro-chemical conversion system and is used to receive first heat exchanger of compressed media.
141., also comprise with at least a portion of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and from the combined step of the waste gas of turbine with control turbine working temperature according to each described method among the claim 136-140.
142., also be included in the step that imports one of preceding described first medium of heating of electro-chemical conversion system and described second medium according to each described method among the claim 136-141.
143., also comprise and to import one of at least the step of second heat exchange unit in first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and the electro-chemical conversion system waste gas according to the described method of claim 142.
144., comprise that also first heat exchanger is left in control and the step of the amount of first medium that mixes with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, compress according to each described method in the claim 141.
145. according to each described method among the claim 136-144, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises a fuel cell, at least one thermal control heap and a container, being dimensioned to of wherein said container is used to hold fuel cell and thermal control heap, comprise that also the waste gas of collecting thermal control heap and fuel cell discharges electro-chemical conversion system waste gas so that its outside step of using from container to form electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, to reach.
146., also comprise the step that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each described method among the claim 136-145.
147. according to each described method among the claim 136-146, also comprise regulate with turbine waste gas combined, from the step of the amount of the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
148., also comprise the step of regulating with the amount of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas first medium that mix mutually, that compress according to each described method among the claim 136-147.
149. according to each described method among the claim 136-147, also comprise the amount of second medium that regulate to import the electro-chemical conversion system, control the step of the power that the electro-chemical conversion system sends thus.
150., also comprise the step of the amount of first medium of regulating the thermal control heap that imports an electro-chemical conversion system or an importing formation electro-chemical conversion system part according to each described method among the claim 136-147.
151. be used to obtain to be applicable to the system of the condition medium of the hybrid power system that is configured to generate electricity, comprise:
An electro-chemical conversion system, it has:
One or more fuel cells that are used to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow produce electrochemical reaction and produces fuel cell exhaust and generating between first and second medium,
Form hot linked one or more thermal control heap with fuel cell, be used for the thermal conditioning of fuel battery temperature, described thermal control heap produces thermal control waste gas, and
Be arranged on the pressure vessel of described thermal control heap and described fuel cell periphery, described pressure vessel collects described fuel cell exhaust and described thermal control is piled waste gas to form combined exhaust gas when working, and reaches
From described pressure vessel, discharge described combined exhaust gas so that its outside device that uses.
152. according to the system of claim 151, wherein each described fuel cell comprises the cell of fuel cell of a plurality of heap forms, each heap comprises the electrolyte panel of the folded heat-conducting plate of folder.
153. according to the system of claim 151 or 152, wherein each described thermal control heap comprises a plurality of heat-conducting plates that pile up.
154. according to each system among the claim 151-153, wherein said thermal control heap intersects mutually with fuel cell.
155. according to each system among the claim 151-154, wherein said thermal control heap is configured to as thermal source or radiator work.
156., also comprise a gas turbine engine systems that is connected with the electro-chemical conversion system according to each system among the claim 151-155.
157. the system according to claim 151 also comprises
A recuperator, it be used for receiving combined exhaust gas and first and second medium both one of at least so that heat described medium with described waste gas, and/or
A counterflow heat exchanger, it is used for receiving one of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium, so that heat one of first and second medium with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
158. be used to obtain to be applicable to the method for the condition medium of the hybrid power system that is configured to generate electricity, may further comprise the steps:
Setting has the electro-chemical conversion system of one or more fuel cells, is used to receive first and second medium, and the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow produce electrochemical reaction and produces fuel cell exhaust and generating between first and second medium,
Be provided with fuel cell and form hot linked one or more thermal control heap, be used for the thermal conditioning of fuel battery temperature, described thermal control heap produces thermal control waste gas, and
Described thermal control is piled and the pressure vessel of described fuel cell periphery is collected described fuel cell exhaust and described thermal control is piled waste gas to form combined exhaust gas when working with being arranged on, and reaches
From described pressure vessel, discharge described combined exhaust gas so that its outside use.
159., comprise the step that forms the thermal control heap by a plurality of heat-conducting plates that pile up according to the described method of claim 158.
160., comprise with thermal control heap and the cross one another step of fuel cell according to claim 158 or 159 described methods.
161., comprise with the step of thermal control heap as thermal source or radiator work according to each described method among the claim 158-160.
162., also comprise with a gas turbine engine systems and electro-chemical conversion system step of connecting according to each described method among the claim 158-161.
163., further comprising the steps of according to each described method among the claim 158-161:
Compress first medium, and
Be provided with one and form the turbine that fluid is communicated with the electro-chemical conversion system, receiving combined exhaust gas from container, described combined exhaust gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, wherein said turbine generation turbine waste gas.
164., also comprise the combined exhaust gas and the turbine waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system combined to form the step that exhaust-gas mixture is used to control the turbine running parameter according to the described method of claim 163.
165., also comprise the step of the combined exhaust gas of the electro-chemical conversion system of cooling before importing turbine according to the described method of claim 164.
166. according to each described method among the claim 158-165, comprise also with electro-chemical conversion systems exchange heat importing the step of turbine that the medium of described compression is as the drive fluid work of turbine with first medium of regulating compression and with the medium of compression.
167. according to each described method among the claim 163-166, also comprise regulate with turbine waste gas combined, from the step of the amount of the combined exhaust gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
168. according to each described method among the claim 163-166, also comprise first medium that selectively adds hot compression, and first medium heated, compression imported step in the electro-chemical conversion system.
169., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating first medium that mix mutually with the combined exhaust gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to each described method among the claim 158-168.
170., also comprise the step of controlling the running parameter of turbine by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the combined exhaust gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to the described method of claim 169.
171. according to each described method among the claim 158-170, also comprise the amount of regulating second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the step of the power that produces by the electro-chemical conversion system thus.
172., comprise that also the waste gas that will import the electro-chemical conversion system before the turbine is heated to the step on the elevated temperature of a selection according to each described method among the claim 163-171.
173., also comprise the step of the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap according to each described method among the claim 158-172.
174., also comprise the step that to import from first medium of a plurality of not homologies in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each described method among the claim 158-173.
175., comprise that also the temperature with fuel cell remains near the step on the steady temperature according to each described method among the claim 158-174.
176. be used to obtain to be applicable to the system of the condition medium of the hybrid power system that is configured to generate electricity, comprise:
An electro-chemical conversion system, it has:
One or more fuel cells that are used to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow produce electrochemical reaction and produces fuel cell exhaust and generating between first and second medium,
Form hot linked one or more thermal control heap with fuel cell, be used for the thermal conditioning of fuel battery temperature, wherein said thermal control heap is configured to as thermal source or radiator work, and
Be arranged on the pressure vessel of described thermal control heap and described fuel cell periphery, and
From described pressure vessel, discharge described combined exhaust gas so that its outside device that uses.
177. according to the system of claim 176, wherein said thermal control heap is used to produce thermal control waste gas and described pressure vessel and is used to collect described fuel cell exhaust and described thermal control waste gas to form combined exhaust gas when the work.
178. according to the system of claim 176 or 177, wherein each described fuel cell comprises the cell of fuel cell of a plurality of heap forms, each heap comprises the electrolyte panel of the folded heat-conducting plate of folder.
179. according to each system among the claim 176-178, wherein each described thermal control heap comprises a plurality of heat-conducting plates that pile up.
180. according to each system among the claim 176-179, wherein said thermal control heap intersects mutually with fuel cell.
181. according to the system of claim 176, wherein said thermal control heap comprises a plurality of porous plates.
182. according to the system of claim 181, wherein said thermal control heap comprises a plurality of heat-conducting plates of the folded described a plurality of porous plates of folder.
183. according to the system of claim 176, wherein said thermal control heap comprises the loose structure with an inner chamber, the fluid that is used to allow to flow through it arrives its outer surface by loose structure.
184., also comprise a gas turbine engine systems that is connected with the electro-chemical conversion system according to each system among the claim 176-183.
185., also comprise according to each system among the claim 176-180:
A compressor that is used to compress first medium, and
One forms with the electro-chemical conversion system that fluid is communicated with and the turbine of relative electro-chemical conversion system layout, is used to receive the waste gas from container, and described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas.
186., also comprise being used for electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and the combined formation exhaust-gas mixture of turbine waste gas device with the running parameter of control turbine according to the system of claim 185.
187. according to the system of claim 186, wherein said running parameter comprises speed, power or turbine temperature.
188. according to the system of claim 186, also comprise cooling device, be used to cool off the waste gas of the electro-chemical conversion system before importing turbine.
189. according to each system among the claim 185-188, also comprise one with the electro-chemical conversion system form hot linked heat exchanger, it is used to receive first medium of compression, described heat exchanger and electro-chemical conversion systems exchange heat are so that regulate first medium of the compression when passing through heat exchanger, reach wherein said turbine and be configured to receive the compressed media that leaves heat exchanger, described compressed media is as the drive fluid work of turbine.
190. according to each system among the claim 185-189, also comprise with the waste gas of the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system and turbine forming the fluid regulation unit that fluid is communicated with, be used to regulate make up with turbine waste gas, from the amount of the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system.
191. according to each system among the claim 185-190, also comprise the fluid regulation unit that is arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, it is used for receiving first medium, second medium, turbine waste gas and electro-chemical conversion system waste gas one of at least, in described first and second medium when wherein said waste gas selectively heats by heat exchange unit one of at least.
192., also comprise the device that is used for first medium of compression is imported the electro-chemical conversion system after passing through heat exchange unit according to the system of claim 191.
193. according to the system of claim 191, wherein said heat exchange unit comprises one of an outside counterflow heat exchanger and a radiation heat exchanger.
194. according to each system among the claim 185-193, also comprise the second fluid regulation unit that is arranged between compressor and the electro-chemical conversion system, be used to regulate the amount of first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression.
195., also comprise the device that is used for controlling the turbine running parameter by the amount of controlling first medium that mix mutually with the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system, compression according to the system of claim 194.
196., also comprise the three-fluid regulon according to each system among the claim 176-195, be used to regulate the amount of second medium that imports the electro-chemical conversion system, control the power that the electro-chemical conversion system produces thus.
197. according to each system among the claim 185-196, also comprise the heating source that is arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the turbine, the waste gas that is used for importing the electro-chemical conversion system before the turbine is heated to the elevated temperature of a selection.
198. according to each system among the claim 176-197, also comprise the 4th fluid regulation unit, be used to regulate the amount of first medium that imports the thermal control heap.
199., also comprise first medium from a plurality of not homologies is imported device in the electro-chemical conversion system according to each system among the claim 176-198.
200., also comprise according to each system among the claim 185-199:
Be arranged in the recuperator between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it is used to receive waste gas and reaches one of first and second medium at least, so that use the waste gas heat medium, and
Be arranged on the counterflow heat exchanger between turbine and recuperator at least one and the electro-chemical conversion system among both, it is used for receiving one of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and first and second medium, so that heat one of first and second medium with electro-chemical conversion system waste gas.
201., also comprise being used for before importing the thermal control heap device that compressed first medium and heated, compressed first medium from heat exchange unit are mixed mutually according to the system of claim 191.
202. according to each system among the claim 185-201, also comprise the generator that is connected with turbine and is used to receive the turbine rotating energy, wherein this generator responds turbine rotating energy generates electricity.
203. according to each system among the claim 176-202, wherein fuel cell or thermal control units comprise one or more manifolds that axially are formed on wherein.
204. according to each system among the claim 176-203, wherein the electro-chemical conversion system also comprises the device of working temperature between about 20 ℃ and about 1500 ℃ that is used to keep fuel cell.
205. according to each system among the claim 176-204, wherein said fuel cell be from comprise solid-oxide fuel cell, melt carbonate fuel battery, phosphoric acid fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, and the group of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells choose.
206., comprise that also the temperature with fuel cell remains near the device on the steady temperature according to each system among the claim 176-205.
207. be used to obtain to be applicable to the method for the waste gas of the hybrid power system that is configured to generate electricity, may further comprise the steps:
Setting has the electro-chemical conversion system of one or more fuel cells, this electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow produce electrochemical reaction and produces fuel cell exhaust and generating between first and second medium, and one or more and fuel cell are set form hot linked thermal control heap, be used for the thermal conditioning of fuel battery temperature
Make the thermal control heap as thermal source or radiator work,
Collect from the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system with the pressure vessel that is arranged on described thermal control heap and described fuel cell periphery, and
From described pressure vessel, discharge described waste gas so that its outside use.
208. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (70,200,370) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress at least a portion of first medium and/or second medium,
The electro-chemical conversion system that one or more described relatively compressors are arranged, in order to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, and has the waste gas of selectable elevated temperature with generating and generation
One or more burners, at least a portion that is used for receiving electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, first medium and/or second medium to be to allow between waste gas and medium electrochemical reaction taking place, so that heat energy is joined in the electro-chemical conversion system waste gas,
One or more and electro-chemical conversion system form the turbine that fluid is communicated with, are used to receive at least a portion of electro-chemical conversion system waste gas, and described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas, reaches
One or more heat exchangers are used to receive one of first and second medium that leaves compressor and turbine waste gas, so that heat medium selectively.
209., also comprise the remainder that is used for bypass electro-chemical conversion system waste gas and described waste gas remainder mixed with turbine waste gas forming exhaust-gas mixture with control turbine running parameter according to the described hybrid power system of claim 208.
210. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (70,330,370) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium,
The electro-chemical conversion system that one or more described relatively compressors are arranged, in order to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and generation waste gas,
One or more and electro-chemical conversion system form that fluid is communicated with and the turbine of relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout, are used to receive at least a portion of waste gas, and described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas,
One or more heat exchangers that are arranged between turbine and the electro-chemical conversion system are used for receiving first and second medium one of at least and turbine waste gas, so as before to import the electro-chemical conversion system with one of these media of turbine heating by the exhaust gases, and
The fluid regulation unit that one or more relatively hot interchangers are arranged is used to regulate the amount of the turbine waste gas of delivery heat exchanger, with the amount of the media preheating determining to be taken place.
211. use the method for hybrid power system generating, may further comprise the steps:
Compress first medium,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system is set, with so that first medium and the second medium generation electrochemical reaction of compression, with generating and generation waste gas,
Turbine one or more and formation fluid connection of electro-chemical conversion system and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout is set, is used to receive at least a portion of waste gas, described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas,
Before importing the electro-chemical conversion system,, reach with one of these media of turbine heating by the exhaust gases
Regulate the amount of the turbine waste gas of delivery heat exchanger.
212. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity (70,200,330,370) comprising:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium,
The electro-chemical conversion system that one or more described relatively compressors are arranged, in order to receive first and second medium, the electro-chemical conversion system is configured to allow between first and second medium electrochemical reaction to take place, with generating and generation fuel cell exhaust,
One order or turbine a plurality of and formation fluid connection of electro-chemical conversion system and relative described electro-chemical conversion system layout, be used to receive at least a portion of fuel cell exhaust, described waste gas is as the work of turbine drive fluid, and wherein said turbine produces turbine waste gas
The heat exchanger of relative compressor, turbine and an electro-chemical conversion system layout is used for receiving first and second medium one of at least and turbine waste gas, so as before to import the electro-chemical conversion system with one of these media of turbine heating by the exhaust gases, and
An adjustable bypass manifold is used to make first medium of described compression or at least a portion of described turbine waste gas to walk around described heat exchanger.
213. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 212, also comprise the fluid regulation unit that a relatively hot interchanger and bypass manifold are arranged, be used to regulate the amount that imports or leave the turbine waste gas of heat exchanger, with the amount of definite first or second media preheating that is taken place.
214. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 212, also comprise the fluid regulation unit that comprises that also a relatively hot interchanger and bypass manifold are arranged, be used to regulate the amount of the medium of compiling by the pressure of heat exchanger.
215. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 212, one of wherein said bypass manifold regulating wheel motor speed, the output of wheel acc power or wheel motor speed.
216. hybrid power system comprises:
Gas Turbine Modules, have an installation be used to compress the housing of compressor of first medium and turbine expander and
One or more wall fluid conduit systems of wearing are used to penetrate housing and divide formation to be communicated with enclosure interior, and described fluid conduit systems is used to make fluid to be sent to external heat source or to be sent to Gas Turbine Modules from external heat source from Gas Turbine Modules.
217. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 216, also comprise a connector that is connected with fluid conduit systems, be used for fluid conduit systems is connected to Gas Turbine Modules.
218. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 217, wherein connector comprises a bellows.
219. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 216, also comprise the electro-chemical conversion system, it makes Gas Turbine Modules be connected with fluid conduit systems, with the fluid or the medium of heating gas wheel thermomechanical components.
220. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 216, wherein Gas Turbine Modules comprises being formed in the housing and wears the mistress that the wall fluid conduit systems is communicated with first, is used for compressed media is sent to external heat source.
221. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 220, wherein Gas Turbine Modules comprises being formed on the medial compartment in the housing and being connected to second on the housing and wears the wall fluid conduit systems, be used for the waste gas of external heat source is imported medial compartment, wherein said medial compartment is communicated with described outside cabin.
222. be used to control the hybrid power system (70,200,260,290,330,370) of fuel battery temperature and generating, comprise:
One or more compressors are used to compress first medium,
One or more electro-chemical conversion system, in order to allow between first medium and second medium, electrochemical reaction taking place, with generating and generation fuel cell exhaust,
One or more and electro-chemical conversion system form the turbine that fluid is communicated with, and are used to produce turbine waste gas,
One or more heat exchangers that are arranged between electro-chemical conversion system and the compressor, it is used for receiving at least one of the part of turbine waste gas or first and second medium, and
The controller of one of one or more first and second media of control or turbine waste gas is used to control one or more running parameters of electro-chemical conversion system.
223. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 222, also comprise one or more fluid regulation unit, be used to regulate the flow of one of first and second medium of flowing to electro-chemical conversion system, turbine or heat exchanger.
224. according to the described hybrid power system of claim 222, wherein said running parameter comprises power output or temperature.
225. according to claim 1,59,84,125,151,176,208,210,212 and 222 described hybrid power systems, wherein said electro-chemical conversion system comprises a plurality of parts with bidimensional or three-dimensional structure.
226. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity comprises:
An electro-chemical conversion system, in order to allow between first medium and second medium electrochemical reaction taking place, with generating, described electro-chemical conversion system comprises that the thermal control that is used to receive at least the first medium piles,
One forms the Gas Turbine Modules that fluid is communicated with the electro-chemical conversion system, reaches
The fluid regulation unit that the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap is set is used to regulate the temperature of electro-chemical conversion system.
227. according to claim 1,68,98,133,151 and 176 described hybrid power systems comprise the fluid regulation unit that the amount of regulating first medium that imports the thermal control heap is set, and are used to regulate the temperature of electro-chemical conversion system.
228. hybrid power system comprises:
One fuel cell is used for allowing in first and second reactant generation electrochemical reaction with generating,
One is provided with the fluid regulation unit of the amount be used for regulating first medium that imports fuel cell,
One converter that is connected with fuel cell is used for its electricity of sending of conversion, and
One with this fluid regulation unit and the controller that is connected with this converter, be used for controlling this fluid regulation unit according to the output signal of this converter generation.
229. the hybrid power system that is used to generate electricity comprises:
One electro-chemical conversion system is used for generating and produces waste gas,
One Gas Turbine Modules that is connected with the electro-chemical conversion system is used to receive the waste gas of electro-chemical conversion system and described waste gas is converted to electricity, and described Gas Turbine Modules comprises the generator that is used to generate electricity,
The fluid regulation unit of one relative Gas Turbine Modules and electro-chemical conversion system layout, the amount that is used to regulate the waste gas that imports Gas Turbine Modules, and
One with fluid regulation unit and the controller that is connected with generator, the output signal that is used for producing according to generator is controlled the exhausted air quantity of importing Gas Turbine Modules.
230. the method with selection procedure operation hybrid power system may further comprise the steps:
Begin to start Gas Turbine Modules by the fluid that imports the certain selected amount of Gas Turbine Modules,
This fluid of heating before fluid imports Gas Turbine Modules, and
With Gas Turbine Modules starting irrespectively beginning heating of starting fuel battery.
231. have the method for the hybrid power system of Gas Turbine Modules and fuel cell with the selection procedure operation, may further comprise the steps:
Control the parameter of Gas Turbine Modules by the flowing of fluid of certain selected amount of control Gas Turbine Modules during operation, and
Irrespectively control the temperature of fuel cell with control Gas Turbine Modules parameter.
232. the method with selection procedure operation hybrid power system may further comprise the steps:
(a) control the starting of Gas Turbine Modules by controlling the fluid that imports Gas Turbine Modules,
(b) be controlled at the preceding fluid of importing Gas Turbine Modules and add heat, and
(c) during starts start the heat that adds of irrespectively controlling fuel cell with Gas Turbine Modules.
233. according to the described method of claim 232, wherein step (b) also comprises the step with the expander of fluid bypass Gas Turbine Modules.
234. according to the described method of claim 232, wherein step (b) also comprises with burner or with the step of thermal control heap heating fluid.
235. according to the described method of claim 232, wherein step (c) also comprises with thermal control heap or with the step of heated fluid heating fuel battery.
CNA008201145A 2000-10-30 2000-10-30 A hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system Pending CN1503996A (en)

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EP1346425A2 (en) 2003-09-24
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