CN1502716A - SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability - Google Patents
SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability Download PDFInfo
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- CN1502716A CN1502716A CNA02152646XA CN02152646A CN1502716A CN 1502716 A CN1502716 A CN 1502716A CN A02152646X A CNA02152646X A CN A02152646XA CN 02152646 A CN02152646 A CN 02152646A CN 1502716 A CN1502716 A CN 1502716A
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)技术领域(1) Technical field
本发明涉及一种不锈钢，特别是涉及一种符合日本工业规格(JIS，日本工业标准)的SUS304不锈钢(Steel Special-used Stainless 304)The present invention relates to a kind of stainless steel, particularly relate to a kind of SUS304 stainless steel (Steel Special-used Stainless 304) that meets Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS, Japanese Industrial Standard)
(2)背景技术(2) Background technology
沃斯田铁不锈钢因耐蚀性良好，且产量较麻田散铁不锈钢及肥粒铁不锈钢为高，而成为冲压成型应用最广的不锈钢材料。但是，沃斯田铁不锈钢在冲压成型过程中，因为存在有复合张出要素存在，而使不锈钢本身产生麻田散铁变态，使得在冲压成型过程中，必须增加中间退火制程，或温间冲压加工，而使冲压成型作业过程及时间增加，而提高成本。Due to its good corrosion resistance and higher output than Matian loose iron stainless steel and fertilized iron stainless steel, Worth field iron stainless steel has become the most widely used stainless steel material for stamping and forming. However, in the process of stamping and forming, due to the existence of composite stretching elements, the stainless steel itself will produce hemp iron metamorphosis, which makes it necessary to increase the intermediate annealing process or warm stamping process in the process of stamping and forming. , which increases the stamping process and time, and increases the cost.
一般而言，沃斯田铁不锈钢在深冲加工时，会因为母材内硬质介在物过高，造成延展性降低，及伸长率不足超出母材所能承受的范围，而无法进行深冲加工；而，不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值(δ-ferrite)与深冲加工范围有极密切的关联，因此，若能妥善控制沃斯田铁不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值，除可避免制程中钢坯发生裂缝的情形外，同时亦可防止热轧时的边裂状况，并使沃斯田铁不锈钢符合下游产业深冲加工的需要，有助于提升整体产品的良率。Generally speaking, during the deep drawing process of Worth field iron stainless steel, the ductility will be reduced due to the high hardness of the base material, and the insufficient elongation exceeds the range that the base material can bear, so deep drawing cannot be carried out. However, the high-temperature ferrite phase value (δ-ferrite) of stainless steel is closely related to the deep-drawing processing range. In addition to avoiding cracks in the billet during the manufacturing process, it can also prevent edge cracking during hot rolling, and make Worth Tiantie stainless steel meet the needs of deep drawing processing in downstream industries, which helps to improve the overall product yield.
业界以往关于高温肥粒铁相值的计算方式，是依据狄龙(Delong)组织图所得出的经验公式，高温肥粒铁相值＝3.49×(铬％t+钼％t+1.5×硅％t)-2.5×(镍％t+30×碳％t+30×氮％t+0.5×锰％t)-30.65(％t表重量百分比，以下均相同)，此经验公式仅提供一原始的不锈钢高温肥粒铁相值计算方法，完全忽略业界已知添加铜元素增加不锈钢沃斯田相的稳定性，以改善沃斯田铁不锈钢的机械性质的添加效益影响，而无法真实呈现当前沃斯田铁不锈钢的机械性质。In the past, the industry’s calculation method for the iron phase value of high-temperature fertilizer grains was based on the empirical formula obtained from the organization chart of Dilong (Delong). -2.5×(Nickel%t+30×Carbon%t+30×Nitrogen%t+0.5×Manganese%t)-30.65(%t means weight percentage, the following are the same), this empirical formula only provides an original stainless steel high temperature The calculation method of fertilized iron phase value completely ignores the known addition of copper element to increase the stability of the stainless steel worth field phase to improve the mechanical properties of the worth iron stainless steel. It cannot truly present the current worth iron Mechanical properties of stainless steel.
由于上述能作为沃斯田铁不锈钢研发依据的高温肥粒铁相值的计算方式略显粗糙而未能契合业界使用，所以，目前业界仅以符合日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢成分组成，以铁元素为主要成分元素，且硅元素重量百分比不大于1.0，锰元素重量百分比不大于2.0，镍元素重量百分比介于8.0至10.0之间，铬元素重量百分比介于18.0至20.0之间，碳元素重量百分比不大于0.08，磷元素重量百分比不大于0.045，硫元素重量百分比不大于0.03的组成成分条件规范为研发基准，尝试添加某一或某些新的元素，或是变化其中某特定组成元素，例如镍或硅元素的重量百分比，以制造出在室温下具有深冲性，而不须增加中间退火制程或温间冲压加工的沃斯田铁不锈钢。Since the calculation method of the high-temperature fertilizer grain iron phase value that can be used as the basis for the research and development of Wostian iron stainless steel is a bit rough and cannot be used by the industry, the industry currently only uses the standard SUS304 stainless steel composition that complies with the Japanese Industrial Standards. With iron as the main component element, the weight percentage of silicon element is not more than 1.0, the weight percentage of manganese element is not more than 2.0, the weight percentage of nickel element is between 8.0 and 10.0, the weight percentage of chromium element is between 18.0 and 20.0, carbon The element weight percentage is not more than 0.08, the phosphorus element weight percentage is not more than 0.045, and the sulfur element weight percentage is not more than 0.03. , such as the weight percentage of nickel or silicon, in order to produce a deep drawability at room temperature, without adding intermediate annealing process or warm stamping process of Wo Sitian iron stainless steel.
日本专利特许公报昭-43-8343号，提出一碳元素重量百分比低于0.15、镍元素重量百分比介于5.5至8.0之间、铬元素重量百分比介于16.0至19.0、铜元素重量百分比介于0.5至3.5之间，及氮元素重量百分比介于0.04至0.1之间的沃斯田铁不锈钢，然而碳含量太高而使其抗季裂较差，同时铜含量太高，而导致热加工性变差，因而无法广泛应用于深冲性加工。Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho-43-8343 proposes that the weight percentage of carbon element is less than 0.15, the weight percentage of nickel element is between 5.5 and 8.0, the weight percentage of chromium element is between 16.0 and 19.0, and the weight percentage of copper element is between 0.5 to 3.5, and the weight percentage of nitrogen is between 0.04 and 0.1, but the carbon content is too high to make it less resistant to seasonal cracking, and the copper content is too high, resulting in poor hot workability Poor, so it cannot be widely used in deep drawing processing.
另一种沃斯田铁不锈钢是揭示于日本专利特许公开公报昭-52-111941号及昭-54-128919号，其特征皆是添加铜元素，并提高锰元素重量百分比，以取代原先的镍元素重量百分比，而达到降低成本的目的；但是由于锰含量提高会使其抗高温氧化性降低，而在热轧中因高温氧化而产生表面缺陷，同时，在冷轧时的加工硬化率也高于SUS304不锈钢，因此此种沃斯田铁不锈钢并未能达成原先降低成本的发明目的。Another Worth field iron stainless steel is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho-52-111941 and No. Sho-54-128919, which are characterized by adding copper and increasing the weight percentage of manganese to replace the original nickel The weight percentage of the element can reduce the cost; however, due to the increase of manganese content, the high temperature oxidation resistance will be reduced, and surface defects will be generated due to high temperature oxidation in hot rolling. At the same time, the work hardening rate in cold rolling is also high. Based on SUS304 stainless steel, this kind of Worth field iron stainless steel failed to achieve the original purpose of reducing costs.
另一尝试是揭示于日本专利特许公开公报平-1-92342号，其掺杂有微量的钛、硼，并控制制程使其少于50ppm的氧，及6.5ppm的钙，而制成一夹杂物被抑制的高清净钢；但此种高清净钢必须用铝元素脱氧，并同时加入钙硅线以调整其中介在物成份，而钙硅线的回收率并不稳定，且必须增加冶炼时间及其原料成本，因此此种方式亦未能适用于实际生产。Another attempt is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei-1-92342, which is doped with a small amount of titanium and boron, and the process is controlled to make it less than 50ppm of oxygen and 6.5ppm of calcium to make an inclusion High clean steel with suppressed substances; but this kind of high clean steel must be deoxidized with aluminum elements, and at the same time add calcium silicon wire to adjust the intermediary composition, but the recovery rate of calcium silicon wire is not stable, and the smelting time and time must be increased Its raw material cost, so this kind of method also can't be applicable to actual production.
另一个沃斯田铁不锈钢专利揭示在日本专利特许公报昭-55-89568号，其含有重量百分比介于6.0至9.0之间的镍元素、重量百分比介于16.0至19.0之间的铬元素、重量百分比小3.0的铜元素、重量百分比介于0.5至3.0之间的铝元素，以及包含两个选自重量百分比低于0.2至1.0的铌、钛、钒、鎝，希望借此改进此沃斯田铁不锈钢的成形性；然而由于铝含量过高，而使得其中的硬质介在物十分容易生成，而使此沃斯田铁不锈钢于冷轧时产生线状缺陷产生，造成优良品率的降低。Another Wostian iron stainless steel patent is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho-55-89568, which contains nickel element between 6.0 and 9.0 weight percent, chromium element between 16.0 and 19.0 weight percent, weight percent Copper elements with a percentage less than 3.0, aluminum elements with a weight percentage between 0.5 and 3.0, and niobium, titanium, vanadium, and 鎝 containing two selected from the weight percentage below 0.2 to 1.0, hope to improve this Worth field The formability of iron stainless steel; however, because the aluminum content is too high, the hard intervening matter is very easy to form, so that the Worth field iron stainless steel produces linear defects during cold rolling, resulting in a decrease in the rate of good products.
此外，引用类似组成概念的沃斯田铁不锈钢尚有揭示于日本公开特许公报平9-13149号的不锈钢，其含有重量百分比介于15.0至19.0之间的铬元素、重量百分比介于6.05至10.0之间的镍元素、重量百分比介于1.0至4.0之间的铜元素、重量百分比介于0.2至2.5之间的铝元素，以及20ppm以下的氧元素与20ppm以下的硫元素；与上述沃斯田铁不锈钢的缺点相同，此种沃斯田铁不锈钢冶炼成本不但较高，同时亦会生成硬质介在物，而使其成形性降低。In addition, citing the concept of similar composition, there is also stainless steel disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-13149, which contains chromium element between 15.0 and 19.0% by weight, and 6.05% to 10.0% by weight. Nickel element between 1.0 to 4.0 percent by weight of copper element, aluminum element between 0.2 and 2.5 percent by weight, oxygen element below 20 ppm and sulfur element below 20 ppm; The disadvantages of iron and stainless steel are the same. The smelting cost of this kind of ferrous stainless steel is not only high, but also produces hard inclusions, which reduces its formability.
台湾专利公告申请案号第83108310号「具有优良的可冲压成型特性、热可操作性与抗高温氧化性的沃斯田铁不锈钢及其制造过程」，是以含有重量百分比0.1至2.0锰元素、重量百分比16.0至18.0的铬元素、重量百分比6.0至8.0的镍元素、3至30ppm的硼元素、重量百分比0.5至3.0的铜元素、重量百分比少于0.1的铌元素、重量百分比0.005至0.0045的氮元素，及其他包含铅、铋、碲、锑、锡、砷等不可缺少的杂质元素，借此成分组成，达到热可操作性及抗季裂性的发明目的；但是由于其铬、镍元素的重量百分比较标准SUS304不锈钢低，其耐腐蚀性因而降低，故亦无法广泛应用于业界。Taiwan Patent Publication Application No. 83108310 "Worth Field Iron Stainless Steel with Excellent Stamping Properties, Thermal Operability and High-temperature Oxidation Resistance and Its Manufacturing Process" is based on the content of 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent of manganese, 16.0 to 18.0 weight percent chromium, 6.0 to 8.0 weight percent nickel, 3 to 30 ppm boron, 0.5 to 3.0 weight percent copper, less than 0.1 weight percent niobium, and 0.005 to 0.0045 weight percent nitrogen Elements, and other indispensable impurity elements including lead, bismuth, tellurium, antimony, tin, arsenic, etc., are composed of this composition to achieve the invention purpose of thermal operability and quarter-crack resistance; but due to its chromium and nickel elements The weight percentage is lower than that of standard SUS304 stainless steel, and its corrosion resistance is thus reduced, so it cannot be widely used in the industry.
综所上述，业界虽然已提出各种以日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢成分为基准的各式沃斯田铁不锈钢，希望其可适用于深冲加工而广泛应用，然而由于上述各式的沃斯田铁不锈钢有些成分组成已超出SUS304不锈钢的规格，同时忽略控制不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值的重要性，因此仍然个自存在有其特定的缺点以待研究改进。To sum up, although the industry has proposed various types of Worth Tian iron stainless steel based on the standard SUS304 stainless steel composition formulated by the Japanese Industrial Standards, it is hoped that it can be suitable for deep drawing and widely used. However, due to the above-mentioned various Some components of Worth field iron stainless steel have exceeded the specifications of SUS304 stainless steel, while ignoring the importance of controlling the high-temperature ferrite phase value of stainless steel, so there are still specific shortcomings that need to be studied and improved.
(3)发明内容(3) Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种不必经过中间退火制程即可进行深冲加工，且符合日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of SUS304 stainless steel that can be deep-drawn without intermediate annealing process and conforms to the standard of Japanese Industrial Standards.
为达到上述目的，本发明一种具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，包含一预定重量百分比以下的硅元素，并添加一预定重量百分比的铜元素，并使该SUS304不锈钢的一高温肥粒铁相值介于3.5至7.5之间，且该高温肥粒铁相值＝3.49×(铬％t+钼％t+1.5×硅％t)-2.5×(镍％t+30×碳％t+30×氮％t+0.5×锰％t+0.3×铜％t)-30.65，其中％t表示重量百分比。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a deep-drawable SUS304 stainless steel, which contains silicon element below a predetermined weight percentage, and adds a predetermined weight percentage of copper element, and makes a high-temperature ferrite phase value of the SUS304 stainless steel Between 3.5 and 7.5, and the high-temperature fertilizer grain iron phase value = 3.49×(chromium%t+molybdenum%t+1.5×silicon%t)-2.5×(nickel%t+30×carbon%t+30×nitrogen %t+0.5×manganese %t+0.3×copper%t)-30.65, where %t represents weight percent.
(4)附图说明(4) Description of drawings
图1是一实验结果折线图，说明本发明SUS304不锈钢成型为尚未经过下游深冲加工制程的钢卷时，其剥片指数由3.17％降到0.42％以下。Fig. 1 is a line graph of experimental results, illustrating that when the SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is formed into a steel coil that has not undergone a downstream deep drawing process, its flaking index drops from 3.17% to below 0.42%.
图2是一示意图，说明以本发明SUS304不锈钢进行深冲加工实验时所深冲成型的测试形状，及深冲成型所产生的成型纵裂与微笑裂纹。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the test shape formed by deep drawing when the SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is used for deep drawing processing experiments, and the forming longitudinal cracks and micro cracks produced by deep drawing.
图3是一实验结果折线图，说明本发明SUS304不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值与伸长率的实验结果。Fig. 3 is a line graph of experimental results, illustrating the experimental results of the high-temperature ferrite phase value and elongation of SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention.
图4是一实验结果折线图，说明本发明SUS304与以往304不锈钢的硬化曲线比较结果。Fig. 4 is a line graph of experimental results, illustrating the comparison results of hardening curves between SUS304 of the present invention and conventional 304 stainless steel.
(5)具有体实施方式(5) Has a specific embodiment
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明进行详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in detail:
本发明一种具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢是以现有的狄龙组织图所得的高温肥粒铁相值计算方式为理论根据，并详细研究不锈钢中硅元素含量与有害介在物的生成关系，及铜元素添加量与不锈钢晶粒组织结构的关系，而由实际制程中推导出一更能准确估算不锈钢机械性质的高温肥粒铁相值计算公式，高温肥粒铁相值＝3.49×(铬％t+钼％t+1.5×硅％t)-2.5×(镍％t+30×碳％t+30×氮％t+0.5×锰％t+0.3×铜％t)-30.65；同时，控制沃斯田铁不锈钢的硅元素重量百分比不大于0.65，铜元素重量百分比介于0.8至2.0间，此外还控制其中不可避免的硫元素重量百分比不大于0.015，氮元素重量百分比不大于0.1，并使残留的硼元素含量介于5-15ppm，(此一成分组成符合日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢的成分组成规格)，并使高温肥粒铁相值介于3.5至7.5之间时，可制成本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，而可在室温下，不需经过中间退火制程或温间冲压加工，进行深冲加工。A kind of deep-drawing SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is based on the calculation method of high-temperature fertilizer particle iron phase value obtained from the existing Dillon structure chart, and studies in detail the relationship between silicon element content and harmful intervening substances in stainless steel, and The relationship between the amount of copper added and the grain structure of stainless steel, and a calculation formula for calculating the high-temperature fertilizer grain iron phase value that can more accurately estimate the mechanical properties of stainless steel is derived from the actual process. t+molybdenum%t+1.5×silicon%t)-2.5×(nickel%t+30×carbon%t+30×nitrogen%t+0.5×manganese%t+0.3×copper%t)-30.65; The weight percentage of silicon element of Sitian iron stainless steel is not more than 0.65, and the weight percentage of copper element is between 0.8 and 2.0. In addition, the weight percentage of unavoidable sulfur element is not more than 0.015, and the weight percentage of nitrogen element is not more than 0.1, and the residual The content of boron element is between 5-15ppm, (this composition conforms to the standard SUS304 stainless steel composition specification established by the Japanese Industrial Standards), and when the high-temperature fertilizer iron phase value is between 3.5 and 7.5, it can be produced The deep-drawable SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention can be deep-drawn at room temperature without going through an intermediate annealing process or warm stamping.
表1是说明本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢的成分组成表，说明各较佳实施例的成分组成及其深冲加工试验结果；本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢的一第一较佳实施例，是表中试件编号03S23862的一SUS304不锈钢试件，符合原日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢成分组成的规范，以铁元素为主要成分元素，并控制如锰、铬、碳、磷、镍、硫、氮等非主要微量元素重量百分比在符合日本工业规格标准内；同时，控制硅元素重量百分比0.56，而减少母材中的硬质介在物，并添加重量百分比0.99的铜元素，使该SUS304不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值等于6.38。Table 1 is to illustrate the composition table of the SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability of the present invention, explain the composition of each preferred embodiment and the deep drawing processing test result thereof; the first preferred SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability of the present invention The embodiment is a SUS304 stainless steel test piece of the test piece number 03S23862 in the table, which meets the standard SUS304 stainless steel component composition standard formulated by the former Japanese Industrial Standards, takes iron as the main component element, and controls such as manganese, chromium, carbon, The weight percentage of non-main trace elements such as phosphorus, nickel, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. is within the standard of Japanese Industrial Standards; at the same time, the weight percentage of silicon element is controlled to 0.56, and the hard intermediary in the base material is reduced, and copper element of 0.99 weight percentage is added , so that the high temperature ferrite phase value of the SUS304 stainless steel is equal to 6.38.
本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢的一第二较佳实施例，是表中试件编号12S61541的一SUS304不锈钢试件，与该第一较佳实施例相似，符合原日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢成分组成的规范，以铁元素为主要成分元素，并控制如锰、铬、碳、磷、镍、硫、氮等非主要微量元素重量百分比在符合日本工业规格标准内；而其不同处在于，控制硅元素重量百分比0.36，而减少母材中的硬质介在物，并添加重量百分比1.12的铜元素，使该SUS304不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值等于5.88。A second preferred embodiment of the deep-drawable SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is a SUS304 stainless steel test piece with the test piece number 12S61541 in the table, which is similar to the first preferred embodiment and meets the former Japanese Industrial Standards. The standard SUS304 stainless steel composition specification, with iron as the main component element, and controls the weight percentage of non-main trace elements such as manganese, chromium, carbon, phosphorus, nickel, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. to meet the Japanese industrial specification standards; and its different The point is to control the weight percentage of silicon element to 0.36, reduce the hard intervening matter in the base metal, and add copper element with a weight percentage of 1.12, so that the high-temperature ferrite phase value of the SUS304 stainless steel is equal to 5.88.
本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，由于其组成成分的组合方式众多，仅以上述二较佳实施例的成分组合为例说明，不再多加举例一一说明；同时表一中亦仅列举其中数种试验试件为例说明而已，熟悉此项技术人士当知，本发明的SUS304不锈钢的组成成分的组合方式，不以第一、二较佳实施例，及表一所举的实验结果为限。The SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability of the present invention has many combinations of components, so the combination of components in the above two preferred embodiments is only used as an example to illustrate, and no more examples are given to illustrate one by one; at the same time, only one of them is listed in Table 1. Several kinds of test specimens are taken as examples, and those skilled in the art should know that the combination of the components of the SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is not limited to the first and second preferred embodiments, and the experimental results listed in Table 1 .
微笑裂纹是不锈钢材于深冲加工中出现的主要缺陷之一，此缺陷的产生主要是由于母材中存在的硬质介在物所引起，由于硬质介在物的主要成分是铝元素，而铝元素含量多寡又与母材中所加入的硅铁含量正相关，因此硅含量愈低，表示含铝的硬质介在物残留于钢液中的机率也就愈低，进而能降低深冲加工时产生微笑裂纹的机率。Smiling cracks are one of the main defects in deep drawing of stainless steel materials. The occurrence of this defect is mainly caused by the hard intervening substances in the base metal. Since the main component of the hard intervening substances is aluminum, and aluminum The amount of element content is positively related to the content of ferrosilicon added to the base metal. Therefore, the lower the silicon content, the lower the probability of aluminum-containing hard substances remaining in the molten steel, which in turn can reduce the time required for deep drawing. Chance of generating smile cracks.
由图1实验结果所示可知，本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，即在业界现有的真空精炼制程中，以一硅铁组成物作为还原剂以控制所加入的硅铁含量，并使硅元素重量百分比不大于0.65，而在最初成型为尚未经过下游深冲加工制程的钢卷时，其剥片指数(即用以检视钢卷所含介在物的一检测指标)可控制在2.16％以下，并可减低至0.42％。As can be seen from the experimental results shown in Figure 1, the SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability of the present invention uses a ferrosilicon composition as a reducing agent to control the added ferrosilicon content in the existing vacuum refining process in the industry, and makes The weight percentage of silicon element is not more than 0.65, and when it is initially formed into a steel coil that has not undergone the downstream deep drawing process, its peeling index (that is, a detection index used to check the inclusions contained in the steel coil) can be controlled below 2.16% , and can be reduced to 0.42%.
另外，本发明以深冲成型深冲杯为检验测试的方式，以检视不锈钢材是否符合下游不锈钢深冲加工业者实际工作需求；该检验方式是以深冲比3.82(下料直径/成品底壁直径)将不锈钢材深冲成一深冲杯1，请参阅图2所示，该深冲杯1具有一直径60公厘的底壁11，及一由该底壁11的一外周缘均匀向上延伸168公厘高的外周壁12，且该外周壁12的一顶缘界定出一直径85公厘的开口13，并检验每一深冲成型的深冲杯1底壁11、外周壁12有无在深冲过程中形成成型纵裂200与微笑裂纹300。请同时参阅表一，本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢在进行此一深冲加工试验时，产生成型纵裂200与微笑裂纹300的不良率均低于3％，具有良好的机械加工性质。In addition, the present invention uses the deep-drawing forming deep-drawing cup as an inspection and test method to check whether the stainless steel material meets the actual work requirements of the downstream stainless steel deep-drawing processing industry; The stainless steel material is deep-drawn into a deep-drawing cup 1, as shown in Figure 2, the deep-drawing cup 1 has a bottom wall 11 with a diameter of 60 mm, and an outer peripheral edge of the bottom wall 11 extends upwards evenly for 168 mm. Perimeter high peripheral wall 12, and a top edge of this peripheral wall 12 defines an opening 13 with a diameter of 85 mm, and checks whether the bottom wall 11 and peripheral wall 12 of each deep-drawn cup 1 are deep-drawn. Forming longitudinal cracks 200 and smiling cracks 300 are formed during punching. Please refer to Table 1 at the same time. When the SUS304 stainless steel with deep drawability of the present invention is subjected to the deep drawing test, the defect rates of forming longitudinal cracks 200 and smiling cracks 300 are both lower than 3%, and have good machining properties.
由图3、4可知，由于本发明同时控制铜元素含量，及高温肥粒铁相值值，因此不但能利用适量的铜含量提升沃斯田铁相的稳定度，减缓加工硬度，同时避免因δ-f值过高而影响加工伸长率，而较以往的不锈钢具有更良好的机械性质，进而降低因成型纵裂200而破损的机率，使本发明的SUS304不锈钢的破损率远低于一般下游深冲加工产商所能接受的3％标准。As can be seen from Figures 3 and 4, since the present invention simultaneously controls the copper element content and the high-temperature fertilizer iron phase value, it can not only use an appropriate amount of copper content to improve the stability of the iron phase of the worth field, slow down the processing hardness, and at the same time avoid the The δ-f value is too high to affect the processing elongation, and has better mechanical properties than the previous stainless steel, thereby reducing the probability of damage due to forming longitudinal cracks 200, so that the damage rate of the SUS304 stainless steel of the present invention is much lower than that of ordinary stainless steel. The 3% standard acceptable to downstream deep drawing processing manufacturers.
综所上述，本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，是确实依据制程经验，而修正高温肥粒铁相值的计算公式，并详细研究不锈钢中硅元素含量与有害介在物的生成关系，及铜元素添加量与不锈钢晶粒组织结构的关系，因而控制其高温肥粒铁相值使其介于3.5至7.5，制成本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢，使本发明具有深冲性的SUS304不锈钢不但符合符合日本工业规格所制定的标准SUS304不锈钢成分组成的规范，同时可在室温下不需经过中间退火制程或温间冲压加工进行深冲加工，而改进以往沃斯田铁不锈钢成分组成超出SUS304不锈钢的规格，忽略控制不锈钢的高温肥粒铁相值的重要性，以至于无法广泛应用于业界的缺点，而确实能达到发明的目的。
○：不良率小於3％○: Defective rate is less than 3%
△：不良率3～50％△: Defect rate 3~50%
×：不良率高於50％×: Defective rate is higher than 50%
表一 Table I
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