CN1500978A - 一体化空气分离方法和装置 - Google Patents

一体化空气分离方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1500978A
CN1500978A CNA200310103835A CN200310103835A CN1500978A CN 1500978 A CN1500978 A CN 1500978A CN A200310103835 A CNA200310103835 A CN A200310103835A CN 200310103835 A CN200310103835 A CN 200310103835A CN 1500978 A CN1500978 A CN 1500978A
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Prior art keywords
air
compressor
natural gas
gas
separating plant
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CNA200310103835A
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English (en)
Inventor
P・勒博
P·勒博
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN1500978A publication Critical patent/CN1500978A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在包括燃气轮机、天然气转化装置(23)、天然气液化装置和空气分离装置(20)的系统中分离空气的方法，所述燃气轮机包括压缩器(1)、燃烧器(5)和膨胀器(17)，所述膨胀器与压缩器连接，该方法包括以下步骤：在压缩器中压缩空气，将第一部分空气(3)输送到燃烧器，和将第二部分空气(7)输送到空气分离装置；将富氧气体(21)从空气分离装置输送到天然气转化装置，将已压缩的富氮气体(16)输送到膨胀器上游；将第一天然气料流(33)输送到天然气转化装置，并将第二天然气料流(35)输送到天然气液化装置，其中膨胀器所产生的功用于操作天然气液化装置的制冷循环的循环压缩器(22，27，41)。

Description

一体化空气分离方法和装置
发明领域
本发明涉及一种一体化空气分离方法和装置。具体地说，本发明涉及一种与燃气轮机工艺和天然气液化工艺一体化的空气分离方法。
背景技术
从US-A-3731495已经知道将空气分离装置(ASU)与燃气轮机一体化，其中从燃气轮机压缩器中取出压缩空气，将它送到ASU，并将富氮气体ASU送到燃气轮机的膨胀器的上游。在这种情况下，燃气轮机的膨胀器与燃气轮机压缩器联合。
从US-A-4566885和US-A-5139548已经知道将两个燃气轮机的压缩器与天然气液化工艺的制冷循环的循环压缩器联合，使用多组分制冷剂(MCR)。
在特定地点，可能希望将第一天然气料流转变成被液化的天然气，将第二天然气料流转变成至少一种天然气转化产物，例如甲醇、DME或Fischer Tropsch反应的产物。转化反应通常需要供应大量气态氧。由该反应产生的热量通常用于提高料流，它然后在蒸汽叶轮机中膨胀，从而产生电能。
本发明的目的是降低复合生产工艺的成本，通过整合空气分离装置、燃气轮机、天然气转化装置和天然气液化装置，同时从相同的天然气源生产已液化的天然气以及天然气的转化产物，例如甲醇、二甲醚或FischerTropsch产品。
在现有技术中，通常由向ASU的MAC压缩器提供能量的蒸汽叶轮机(如US-A-3868817、US-A-4099383和US-A-4184322所述)和上述向天然气液化器的多组分制冷循环和丙烷循环提供能量的两个汽轮机来满足能量要求。
发明概述
本发明的一体化方法仅仅使用一个燃气轮机。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种在包括燃气轮机、天然气转化装置、天然气液化装置和空气分离装置的系统中分离空气的方法，所述燃气轮机包括压缩器、燃烧器和膨胀器，所述膨胀器与压缩器连接，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)在压缩器中压缩空气，将第一部分空气输送到燃烧器，和将第二部分空气输送到空气分离装置；
b)在空气分离装置中分离至少第二部分空气，形成至少富氧气体和富氮气体；
c)将第一天然气料流从天然气源输送到天然气转化装置，并将至少部分富氧气体输送到天然气转化装置；
d)压缩至少一部分富氮气体，并将至少部分经过压缩的富氮气体送到膨胀器的上游；和
e)将第二天然气料流从天然气源输送到天然气液化装置，
其中，膨胀器所产生的功用于操作天然气液化装置的制冷循环的循环压缩器。
术语“富氧”、“富氮”和“富氩”表示相对于空气而言是富集的。
根据本发明的进一步任选方面：
-第二部分空气在压缩器中被压缩到压力P，并被输送到空气分离装置，从而在基本上压力P下被分离。
-膨胀器与制冷循环的循环压缩器连接。
-天然气转化装置产生了蒸汽，它在蒸汽叶轮机中膨胀。
-空气分离装置包括至少两个塔，至少其中一个塔在至少8巴绝对压力下操作。
该方法还可以包括以下步骤：
-将燃料气从天然气转化装置输送到燃烧器，
-从天然气转化工艺中产生蒸汽，蒸汽在汽轮机中膨胀，使用所产生的能量来驱动至少一个压缩器，这些压缩器选自空气分离装置的指定主空气压缩器、空气分离装置的增压器、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氮气体的压缩器、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氧气体的压缩器、天然气液化装置的丙烷循环的压缩器，和/或
-使用蒸汽叶轮机产生的电能向至少一个压缩器的相应电动机提供能量，这些压缩器选自空气分离装置的指定主空气压缩器、空气分离装置的增压器、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氮气体的压缩器、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氧气体的压缩器、和天然气液化装置的丙烷循环的压缩器。
所述循环压缩器是多组分制冷流体压缩器或丙烷循环压缩器。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种一体化装置，包括空气分离装置，具有空气压缩器、燃烧器和膨胀器的燃气轮机，天然气转化装置，和天然气液化装置，该装置具有：
a)用于将空气从空气压缩器输送到燃烧器和空气分离装置中的管道；
b)用于将富氮气体从空气分离装置输送到膨胀器上游点的管道；
c)用于将富氧气体从空气分离装置输送到天然气转化装置的管道；
d)用于将第一天然气料流从天然气源输送到天然气转化装置的管道；
e)用于将第二天然气料流从天然气源输送到天然气液化装置的管道；和
f)用于将膨胀器所产生的功转移到空气压缩器和天然气液化装置的制冷循环的压缩器中的装置。
另外，膨胀器可以与空气压缩器连接。
该装置可以包括用于将天然气输送到天然气转化装置的管道和用于将富氧气体从空气分离装置输送到转化装置的管道。膨胀器优选与制冷循环的压缩器连接。
附图简述
图1显示了与燃气轮机(GT)、天然气转化装置和天然气液化装置整合的空气分离装置(ASU)，形成根据本发明的一体化装置。图2显示了改进的用于在本发明一体化方法中操作的天然气液化装置。
本发明的具体实施方式
燃气轮机的压缩器1产生第一部分压缩空气3，它被送入燃烧器5。也向该燃烧器供应燃料4，该燃料可以是(或可以包括)来自天然气源25的天然气。剩余的已压缩空气7与来自指定主空气压缩器(MAC)11的压缩空气9混合，然后冷却并纯化(未显示)。指定主空气压缩器不是该装置的必需部分。10-30％的空气13可以进一步在增压空气压缩器(BAC)14中压缩到例如汽化液体氧所需要的压力。增压器对该装置而言也不是必要的，因为某些空气分离工艺使用一个高的空气压力。进一步压缩的空气13在主换热管线中冷却，液化，并送到ASU20的塔中。一部分空气料流7和9的混合物15被送到在最高(或较高)压力下操作的ASU20的塔中，所述压力高于8巴绝对压力，通常高于12巴绝对压力，然后在主换热管线中冷却。
ASU可以包括例如在专利EP-A-0504029和EP-A-538857中所述的双塔或三塔系统。
从在较低压力下操作的ASU20的塔中取出富氮的气态料流16。该料流在主换热管线中加热，然后在氮气压缩器19中压缩，并输送到燃气轮机，送到膨胀器17的上游点。在实例中，氮气输送到燃烧室下游的点，但也可以输送到燃烧室。
从ASU的塔中以液体形式取出含有至少99摩尔％氧气的富氧气体料流21，加压到25-50巴绝对压力，在主换热管线中汽化，并送到天然气转化装置23，例如Fischer Tropsch装置，其中来自天然气源25的第一天然气料流33被转化成其它产物。
天然气源可以是通过管道与大陆或临海处理装置或甲烷油槽船连接的气田。
ASU20也可以产生液体终产物24或富氩产物26。
从燃烧器5向膨胀器17供应燃烧气19，膨胀器17与压缩器1连接。MAC和BAC压缩器11、14各自与相应的电动机连接，与氮气压缩器19一样。为了在不需要从外部网络输电的情况下向至少一个电动机提供电能，来自装置23的蒸汽可以在与发电机连接的蒸汽叶轮机31中膨胀。
膨胀器17还可以与多组分制冷循环的压缩器22连接，该循环用于将来自天然气源25的第二天然气料流35液化。该循环的另一个压缩器27由电动机驱动，优选向该电动机供应由蒸汽叶轮机31产生的电能。天然气在容器28中通过与在压缩器22、27中被压缩的多组分制冷剂进行间接和直接的接触来冷却，从而被液化，形成液化的天然气29。
在图1的情况下，天然气液化装置被减少到最简单的形式。实际上，这种液化装置通常更复杂，包括封闭的丙烷循环。
图2显示了改进的用于在本发明一体化方法中操作的天然气液化装置。
第二天然气料流35用封闭的丙烷循环37冷却，并输送到液化器28，产生液化的天然气29。多组分制冷循环39用于液化天然气。该循环的压缩器之一22与燃气轮机膨胀器17连接，而另一个压缩器27具有由蒸汽叶轮机31产生的电能供应的电动机。丙烷循环的压缩器41也具有由蒸汽叶轮机31产生的电能供应的电动机。
应该理解的是，为了避免将电能供应到遥远的地点，优选的是，燃气轮机膨胀器与天然气液化装置的压缩器连接，例如MCR压缩器22、27或进行丙烷循环的丙烷压缩器41。由于来自燃气轮机压缩器的空气被输送到ASU，所以主压缩器应该使用由蒸汽叶轮机产生的电能。

Claims (12)

1.一种在包括燃气轮机、天然气转化装置(23)、天然气液化装置和空气分离装置(20)的系统中分离空气的方法，所述燃气轮机包括压缩器(1)、燃烧器(5)和膨胀器(17)，所述膨胀器与压缩器连接，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)在压缩器(1)中压缩空气，将第一部分空气(3)输送到燃烧器(5)，和将第二部分空气(7)输送到空气分离装置；
b)在空气分离装置中分离至少第二部分空气，形成至少富氧气体(21)和富氮气体(16)；
c)将第一天然气料流(33)从天然气源(25)输送到天然气转化装置(23)，并将至少部分富氧气体输送到天然气转化装置；
d)压缩至少一部分富氮气体，并将至少部分经过压缩的富氮气体送到膨胀器的上游；和
e)将第二天然气料流(35)从天然气源输送到天然气液化装置，
其中，膨胀器所产生的功用于操作天然气液化装置的制冷循环的循环压缩器(22，27，41)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第二部分空气(7)在压缩器(1)中被压缩到压力P，并被输送到空气分离装置，从而在基本上压力P下被分离。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中膨胀器与制冷循环的循环压缩器连接。
4.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法，其中天然气转化装置(23)产生了蒸汽，它在蒸汽叶轮机(31)中膨胀。
5.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法，其中空气分离装置(20)包括至少两个塔，至少其中一个塔在至少8巴绝对压力下操作。
6.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法，其中将来自天然气转化装置(25)的燃料气(4)输送到燃烧器，
7.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法，包括从天然气转化工艺中产生蒸汽，蒸汽在汽轮机(31)中膨胀，使用所产生的能量来驱动至少一个压缩器，这些压缩器选自空气分离装置的指定主空气压缩器(11)、空气分离装置的增压器(14)、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氮气体的压缩器(19)、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氧气体的压缩器、和天然气液化装置的丙烷循环的压缩器(41)。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中使用蒸汽叶轮机(41)产生的电能向至少一个压缩器的相应电动机提供能量，这些压缩器选自空气分离装置的指定主空气压缩器(11)、空气分离装置的增压器(14)、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氮气体的压缩器(19)、空气分离装置中用于压缩富氧气体的压缩器、和天然气液化装置的丙烷循环的压缩器(41)。
9.根据上述权利要求任一项的方法，其中所述循环压缩器(22)是多组分制冷流体压缩器。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的方法，其中所述循环压缩器(41)是丙烷循环压缩器。
11.一体化装置，包括空气分离装置(20)，具有空气压缩器(1)、燃烧器(5)和膨胀器(17)的燃气轮机，天然气转化装置(23)，和天然气液化装置，该装置具有用于将空气从空气压缩器输送到燃烧器和空气分离装置中的管道；
a)用于将富氮气体(16)从空气分离装置输送到膨胀器上游点的管道；
b)用于将富氧气体(21)从空气分离装置输送到天然气转化装置的管道；
c)用于将第一天然气料流(33)从天然气源(25)输送到天然气转化装置的管道；
d)用于将第二天然气料流(35)从天然气源输送到天然气液化装置的管道；和
e)用于将膨胀器所产生的功转移到空气压缩器和天然气液化装置的制冷循环的压缩器(22，27，41)中的装置。
12.根据权利要求11的装置，其中膨胀器(17)与空气压缩器(1)连接。
CNA200310103835A 2002-11-13 2003-11-12 一体化空气分离方法和装置 Pending CN1500978A (zh)

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