CN1497756A

CN1497756A - Fuel cell and its operating method

Info

Publication number: CN1497756A
Application number: CNA2003101013871A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 羽藤一仁; 弘树; 日下部弘树; 夫; 小原英夫
Original assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: Panasonic Holdings Corp
Priority date: 2002-10-16
Filing date: 2003-10-16
Publication date: 2004-05-19

Abstract

A fuel cell is provided having a stack of unit cells, each unit cell including: a hydrogenion conductive electrolyte; an anode and a cathode with the hydrogen-ion conductive electrolyte interposed therebetween; an anode-side conductive separator in contact with the anode; and a cathode-side conductive separator in contact with the cathode, wherein the anode-side conductive separator has fuel gas passage grooves, facing the anode, for supplying a fu el gas to the anode, the cathode-side conductive separator has oxidant gas passage grooves, facing th e cathode, for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode, and at least one of the fuel gas passage grooves and the oxidant gas passage grooves has an equivalent diameter of not smaller than 0.79 mm and not larger than 1.3 mm per each groove.

Description

Fuel cell and method of operation thereof

Background of invention

Electrochemical reaction takes place by hydrogeneous fuel gas and oxygen containing oxidant gas (for example air) and produces electric power and heat simultaneously in fuel cell.Fuel cell is generally constructed in the following manner: at first form the catalyst reaction layer on each surface of polymer electrolyte film, this conversion zone mainly is made of the electron conduction carbon dust of the noble metal catalyst that is carrying platinum and so on, and described polymer electrolyte film can optionally move hydrogen ion; Form gas diffusion layers then on the outer surface of catalyst reaction layer, the material of this diffusion layer not only has gas permeability but also have electron conduction, for example electron conduction carbon paper and carbon fabric.Electrode comprises the assembly of catalyst reaction layer and gas diffusion layers.

Then, leak and avoid this two kinds of gases to mix in order to prevent supply gas, be at electrode peripheral disposition seal or sealing gasket, and in the gap that the outer enclosing of polymer electrolyte film is formed in seal or sealing gasket.Seal or sealing gasket will be assembled into parts in advance with electrode and polymer electrolyte film, form so-called " film-electrode assemblie " (MEA).In the MEA disposed outside electron conduction dividing plate, in order to fixing MEA mechanically, and adjacent MEA is electrically connected with serial arrangement.The side that dividing plate contacts with MEA is provided with gas flow channel, in order to electrode fuel supplying gas and oxidant gas, and removes gas and the excess air that is produced.Although gas flow channel and dividing plate branch can be arranged, often be on the surface of each dividing plate, to form groove as gas flow channel.

For to these groove supply gas, the dividing plate quantity that must fuel cell be comprised is provided with the arm that supply gas is used, and use pipe clamp directly with arm terminal with dividing plate in groove couple together.These anchor clamps are called as external manifold.The structure of another kind of manifold is simpler than external manifold, and it is called as internal manifold.Internal manifold is formed at and forms through hole in the dividing plate with gas flow channel, and each hole links to each other with the entrance and exit of gas flow channel, and gas directly is supplied to gas flow channel from these through holes.

Because fuel cell produces heat in the course of the work, therefore must the fuel cell that comprise stacked element cell be cooled off, so that it is maintained proper temperature.Generally speaking, be at each to the cooling-part that the energy cooling water supply is set between the dividing plate of three element cells; But often be this situation, the flow of cooling water passage as cooling-part is set on the rear surface of some dividing plate.MEA and dividing plate alternately are provided with and are clipped in their middle cooling-parts, thereby assemble out the storehouse of 10 to 200 MEA.Usually, by collector plate and insulation board this storehouse is clipped in the middle of a pair of end plate, and utilizes the fishbolt of both sides to be fixed, constituted common battery pack thus.

Battery pack is fixed with end plate, can reduce the contact resistance between electrolytic thin-membrane, electrode and the dividing plate thus, can also guarantee the gas tightness of seal or sealing gasket; Generally to apply and be higher than 10kg/cm ²Pressure.Thus, ordinary practice is the metal material end plate that is manufactured on mechanical strength aspect function admirable, utilizes the fishbolt that combines spring that this end plate is fixed then.Because the gas behind the humidification can contact with the part end plate with cooling water, therefore to be used for end plate by the stainless steel that corrosion resistance is better than other metal material.On the other hand, for collector plate, use the high metal material of electron conduction than material with carbon element.Position for contact resistance considers have some to use the situation of surface treated metal material.Because this is electrically connected by fishbolt end plate, therefore between collector plate and end plate, insert insulation board.

The used dividing plate of this fuel cell need have very high electron conduction, air-tightness, corrosion resistance (oxidative resistance).Based on this reason, dividing plate is made by the fine and close electron conduction carbon plate that does not have gas permeability, its surface is provided with the gas passage groove that forms by cutting, perhaps is provided with by the mixture to bonding agent and electron conduction carbon dust to carry out molding, cure the moulding material that gets then.

In recent years, people attempt to substitute material with carbon element as dividing plate with the metallic plate of stainless steel and so on.Can corrode in the oxidizing atmosphere of the dividing plate that metallic plate is made under being exposed to high temperature or when using for a long time.Corrosion of metal sheet causes resistance to increase, and delivery efficiency reduces.In addition, the metal ion after the dissolving is diffused in the polymer dielectric, is absorbed in then in the electrolytical exchange position, thereby causes the ionic conductivity of polymer dielectric itself to reduce.For fear of these quality deterioration, will plate the gold of capacity thickly for metal sheet surface.

Traditionally, the material of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid formation uses mainly as polymer dielectric.Because this polymer dielectric just can represent ionic conductivity at itself when moisture, therefore will before being offered MEA, fuel gas and oxidant gas be these gas humidifications.In addition, because the reaction of cathode side produces water, when being these gas humidifications under the dew point temperature that is being higher than battery operated temperature, water will taking place in the gas flow channel of inside battery and electrode interior condense.This has just caused the phenomenon of water blockage and so on, thereby produces the problem of battery performance instability or variation.This phenomenon is called as overflow phenomena.

In addition, with fuel cell during as the automatic electricity generation system of our dwelling house, the humidification of fuel gas and oxidant gas requires systematization, and humidification under alap dew point condition preferably is so that simplified system improves system effectiveness.Therefore, from avoiding the viewpoint of overflow phenomena, simplified system and raising system effectiveness etc., before gas was offered fuel cell, humidified gas was the common practice under a little less than the dew point temperature of fuel battery temperature.

On the other hand, in order to strengthen battery performance, require to improve the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte film.So, preferably with gas humidification to relative humidity near 100% or be not less than 100%.In addition, consider for the durability viewpoint of polymer electrolyte film, preferably, be with highly moist state supply gas.But, according to following description, gas humidification variety of issue can appearred at intimate 100% o'clock to relative humidity.

First problem relates to aforesaid overflow phenomena.For fear of overflow phenomena, can consider two measures: (1) prevents that the condensed water in the gas passage groove from blocking; And prevent that electrode interior generation condensed water from blocking.It is generally acknowledged that last measure is more effective.(2) improve gas pressure drop, so that can blow out condensed water.But the gas pressure drop increase can cause the rapid increase of the auxiliary kinetic energy of auxiliary kinetic energy, for example air feed air blast and compressor in the fuel cell system, and this has reduced system effectiveness.

Second problem be, the emission performance that the water wettability (contact angle) of electrode (carrier carbon of gas diffusion layers and catalytic reaction layer) causes condensed water over time is variation in time, and this durability to battery has produced influence.

The 3rd problem be, the water wettability of electrode causes that over time the ratio of the flow velocity of the gas that flow velocity and the gas flow channel in dividing plate of the gas of gaseous diffusion intrastratal flow flow also changes in time.Particularly, when the wetability in the gas diffusion layers increases in time, but the also increase in time of the condensation water quantity of barrier gas diffusion layer, the gas that will offer electrode in some part will stagnate.In the part of gas supply stagnation, current density reduces.This makes the current density of electrode surface inhomogeneous, thereby causes the power output variation of battery performance.

The 4th problem is that the water wettability of electrode causes also variation in time of the undercurrent gas flow between the flow channel in the dividing plate over time.Do not having under the situation of gas diffusion layers, the gas that is fed in the gas flow channel flows along gas flow channel certainly.But in fact, in the place adjacent with gas flow channel gas diffusion layers is arranged, undercurrent gas can flow at (for example on the rib between the gas passage groove) between the flow channel adjacent one another are by gas diffusion layers like this.

For example, advance along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream and comprise under the situation of a plurality of horizontal elements parallel to each other at gas flow channel, gas in some paired adjacent level spare along flowing in the other direction.So can think like this, gas along gas flow channel pressure drop of flow and undercurrent gas through gas diffusion layers from upstream components parts pressure drop of flow balance towards downstream.

When the wettability of gas diffusion layers increased in time, the condensation water quantity in the gas diffusion layers also increased in time, the stagnation but the undercurrent gas by gas diffusion layers but becomes.Certainly, the parts pressure drop of flow is more little towards downstream from upstream components by gas diffusion layers for gas, the just easy more generation of this phenomenon.Under the situation that gas flow channel is advanced along the line that crawls, near the undercurrent gas flow (particularly the sweep of gas flow channel) that flows through gas diffusion layers also reduces in time, and gas is supplied with the trend of stagnation thus.At the gaseous diffusion layer segment that the gas supply is stagnated, current density reduces, and causes that the current density of battery surface is inhomogeneous, thereby causes the battery performance variation.

According to top described, can consider that following two measures avoid overflow phenomena: (1) avoids condensed water at gas passage groove internal congestion; And (2) avoid condensed water to block in electrode interior.Do not allow condensed water overflow in the gas passage groove be considered to more effective.For this reason, will to offer the pressure drop of the gas of gas channel groove be effective basically in raising; But it is also unrealistic to the gas that surpasses about 30kPa to supply the pressure drop height.

Should be noted that, for the power output that improves fuel cell, efficient, stability etc., people are making big quantity research (the flat 6-267564 of day patent publication No. of the present disclosure for example aspect the structure optimization of gas passage groove, the flat 8-203546 of day patent publication No. of the present disclosure, day patent publication No. 2000-231929 of the present disclosure, day patent publication No. 2001-52723 of the present disclosure, day patent publication No. 2001-76746 of the present disclosure).

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of electrolytical fuel cell of hydrogen ion conductivity that comprises, it can be used for compact power, electric vehicle power supply, co-generation unit etc., has been specifically related to utilize the fuel cell of hydrogen ion conductivity polymer electrolyte film.

Particularly, foregoing is considered in proposition of the present invention just, the present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell that comprises many element cells, and each element cell all comprises: anode and negative electrode are inserted with the hydrogen ion conductivity electrolyte between two electrodes; Anode-side with the contacted electron conduction dividing plate of anode; And cathode side with the contacted electron conduction dividing plate of negative electrode, wherein the electron conduction dividing plate of anode-side comprises the fuel gas channel groove, it is towards anode, in order to anode fuel supplying gas, the electron conduction dividing plate of cathode side comprises the oxidizer gas channel groove, it is towards negative electrode, in order to supply oxidant gas to negative electrode, the equivalent diameter of at least one in fuel gas channel groove and oxidizer gas channel groove is: each groove is not less than 0.79mm, is not more than 1.3mm.

Preferably, the degree of depth of at least one in fuel gas channel groove and the oxidizer gas channel groove is not less than 0.7mm, is not more than 1.1mm.

Preferably, in fuel gas channel groove and the oxidizer gas channel groove at least one advanced along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream, and it comprises a plurality of parallel to each other and have the horizontal element of equal length " a " basically, and wherein length " a " satisfies relation to the ratio of the short lines size " b " of the horizontal element that is arranged in upstream side in a plurality of horizontal elements and horizontal element that a plurality of horizontal element is positioned at the lower side: a/b≤1.2.

Preferably, in fuel gas channel groove and the oxidizer gas channel groove at least one will be advanced along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream, and it comprises a plurality of parallel to each other and have the horizontal element of equal length " a " basically, and the rib width between the horizontal element wherein adjacent one another are " c " satisfies relation with the ratio of length " a ": 1/200≤c/a≤1/20.

Preferably, anode and negative electrode each all comprise gas diffusion layers and with the contacted catalytic reaction layer of gas diffusion layers, the thickness of at least one in the gas diffusion layers of anode and negative electrode is about 100 to 400 μ m.

Preferably, at least one in the diffusion layer of anode and negative electrode has certain for the gas permeability that is parallel to its first type surface direction, and based on dry gas, this permeability is about 2 * 10 ^-6To 2 * 10 ^-8m ²/ (handkerchief second) (Pasec).

The invention still further relates to a kind of method of operation of aforementioned fuel cells.

Preferably allow fuel cell operate under the following conditions: in fuel gas that flows along the fuel gas channel groove and the oxidant gas that flows along the oxidizer gas channel groove, have at least a kind of pressure drop of gas to be not less than (1kPa=100mmAq (water column)) about 1.5kPa, be not more than about 25kPa.

Preferably allow fuel cell operate under the following conditions: the flow velocity " f " that flows into the undercurrent gas of anode satisfies relation to the ratio of the flow velocity " e " of the fuel gas that flows along the fuel gas channel groove: 0.05≤f/e≤0.43.

Preferably allow fuel cell operate under the following conditions: the flow velocity " h " and the satisfied relation of the ratio of the flow velocity " g " of the oxidant gas that flows along the oxidizer gas channel groove that flow into the undercurrent gas of negative electrode: 0.05≤h/g≤0.43.

When fuel cell also comprises the coolant guiding channel groove, preferably allow fuel cell operate under the following conditions: the inlet temperature of coolant guiding channel groove is about about 45 to 75 ℃, in fuel gas that will be supplied to fuel cell and oxidant gas, have at least a kind of dew point of gas to be not less than-5 ℃ approximately than inlet temperature, be not higher than approximately+5 ℃, the utilance of oxidant gas is not less than about 30% approximately, is not higher than about 70%, and the generation current density of fuel cell is not less than 0.05A/cm ², be not higher than 0.3A/cm ²

Undercurrent gas herein is meant the gas that in the gas diffusion layers flow towards downstream in the upstream along the direction that is parallel to the electrode first type surface from gas flow channel.

According to the present invention, under the condition that need not supply big pressure drop gas, just can solve or be suppressed at humidification to relative humidity near 100% or be not less than the problems referred to above that take place when 100% fuel gas or oxidant gas are supplied to fuel cell.

Though in claims, specifically illustrated new feature of the present invention,, will allow the present invention better be understood from institutional framework and content aspect and understand by the detailed description of doing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

When reading invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, can allow invention aforementioned overview section and following the invention detailed description of preferred embodiment is better understood.In order to illustrate invention, presently preferred embodiment shown in the drawings.But should be appreciated that precision architecture and the instrument of the present invention shown in being not limited to.

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the sectional view of expression according to the MEA structure of example of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the front view that is illustrated in the structure of the oxidizer gas channel groove in the dividing plate that uses in example 1 and each test example of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the rearview of the fuel gas channel groove structure in presentation graphs 2 dividing plates.

Fig. 4 is the rearview of the structure of cooling-water duct groove in another dividing plate of presentation graphs 2.

Fig. 5 is the front view of oxidizer gas channel groove structure of the dividing plate of the expression fuel cell that is used for example 8 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the rearview of the fuel gas channel groove structure in presentation graphs 5 dividing plates.

Embodiment

Under the situation that condensed water and gas flow along the gas passage groove, the equivalent diameter that it is believed that the wall surface of gas passage groove and the contact angle between the water, surface tension, gas passage groove applies very big influence to the overflow of water.Especially when carbon was used as the material that constitutes gas passage groove walls surface, the contact angle between carbon and the water was limited, and overflow applies very big influence so the equivalent diameter of gas passage groove is to water.Be noted that equivalent diameter is meant the diameter with the equivalent circumference of the cross-sectional area homalographic of recess space.

Utilize depth of groove and recess width, can calculate the equivalent diameter of gas passage groove by following formula:

Equivalent diameter=2 * (depth of groove * recess width/π) ^1/2

In addition, when forming certain taper and/or occur cutting sth. askew during curve to a certain degree in the marginal portion in the gas passage groove, equivalent diameter can utilize the cross-sectional area in the space that the plane surrounded that comprises rib end face and groove walls surface to determine.

In addition, when in the gas passage groove, having formed certain taper and/or existed cutting sth. askew during curve to a certain degree in the marginal portion, should comprise that the midpoint of the straight line of short lines size between the plane of rib end face and the groove floor determines recess width in representative.

The equivalent diameter of groove is not less than 0.79mm, is not more than 1.3mm, it is desirable to be not less than 1mm, is not more than 1.2mm.When the equivalent diameter of groove during less than 0.79mm, the discharging condensed water needs great pressure drop; When it surpasses 1.3mm, the gap broad between electrode and the dividing plate, this can increase contact resistance.

In order when keeping battery performance, effectively to prevent the water overflow in the gas passage groove, it is desirable to allow depth of groove be not less than 0.7mm, be not more than 1.1mm.When depth of groove during less than 0.7mm, the discharging condensed water needs great pressure drop; When it surpassed 1.1mm, dividing plate needed thicker, thereby makes the volumetric efficiency of battery pack impracticable.On the other hand, the width of gas passage groove preferably is shorter than 1.5mm.Because when the width of groove is not shorter than 1.5mm, battery performance has the variation tendency.

Be noted that when the equivalent diameter of gas passage groove is not less than 0.79mm,, therefore almost can prevent all water overflows in the gas passage groove because pressure drop is not less than 1.5kPa.But, even pressure drop is not less than 1.5kPa, when the equivalent diameter of each groove during all less than 0.79mm, the water overflow takes place easily also.In addition, even equivalent diameter is not less than 0.79mm, when recess width is very long, and depth of groove is little when being lower than 0.7mm, also the water overflow can take place under the individual cases.

In being in the fuel cell of preference pattern of the present invention, have at least one to advance in the oxidizer gas channel groove that forms in fuel gas channel groove that in anode-side electron conduction dividing plate, forms and the cathode side electron conduction dividing plate along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream.This groove comprises a plurality of horizontal elements, and horizontal line is parallel to each other, and has equal length basically " a ".

At this, the wettability of electrode causes the condensed water overflow situation to change in time over time.Take place in order to suppress this phenomenon, preferably shorten a plurality of horizontal elements of gas passage groove, prolong the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element, and widen the rib between the horizontal element adjacent one another are.But, under the gas passage groove situation that line advances along crawling, when horizontal element too in short-term, elbow quantity increases so that allow flow channel keep certain-length, causes the increase of gas pressure drop thus.In addition, when the rib between the horizontal element adjacent one another are was too wide, these ribs were exerted pressure to the portion gas diffusion layer, thereby prevented that gas is fed in the pressure containing part.Therefore must design groove by this way: the length of horizontal element and the quantity of elbow all will be in proper ranges.

Be noted that under the situation of condensed water generation overflow, the equivalent diameter of flow channel is big more, just can reposefully water be discharged more.Along with the flow velocity increase of gas undercurrent in the gas diffusion layers, the emission performance of water is variation also.When rib has been widened, owing to having suppressed the emission performance that undercurrent gas has improved water.

Based on these viewpoints, in first preference pattern of the present invention, design groove like this: length " a " satisfies relation to the ratio of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element: a/b≤1.2.In addition, in second preference pattern of the present invention, groove design be become: allow the rib width " c " between the horizontal element adjacent one another are concern: 1/200≤c/a≤1/20 ratio of length " a " is satisfied.At this, when ratio " a/b " surpassed 1.2, it is oversize that horizontal element becomes, so that cause that the pressure drop of horizontal element between elbow increases, and the undercurrent gas flow increases relatively thus.In addition, when horizontal element becomes too in short-term, elbow quantity increases too many, and therefore preferably this ratio preferably satisfies relation: 0.3≤a/b≤1.2.When ratio " c/a " drops to 1/200 when following, crooked quantity increases, and causes that gas pressure drop increases; When ratio " c/a " surpassed 1/20, the gas that is fed to gas diffusion layers became not enough.

The water overflow of electrode interior and the wetability of electrode major part are over time controlled by the water overflow in the gas diffusion layers.Gas diffusion layers preferably has bigger gas permeability, and thickness is thin as far as possible.But,, therefore can weaken at the thin gas diffusion layers (less than about 100 μ m) that is parallel to the electron conduction on its first type surface direction and allow the battery performance variation because gas diffusion layers has the catchment effect of electrode simultaneously.In addition, when the thickness of gas diffusion layers surpasses the 400 μ m left and right sides, its water discharge performance variation, the undercurrent gas flow in the diffusion layer sharply increases simultaneously.Therefore preferably allow the thickness of gas diffusion layers be about 100 to 400 μ m.Preferably allow the thickness of gas diffusion layers of the rib compacting that is subjected to dividing plate be 100 to 250 μ m in addition.In addition, based on dry gas, preferably the gas permeability on the direction that is parallel to the gas diffusion layers first type surface is about 2 * 10 ^-8To 2 * 10 ^-6Rice ²(Pasec).When gas permeability 2 * 10 ^-8Rice ²(Pasec) about when following, downtrod trend is arranged to the Catalytic Layer supply gas of electrode; When it surpasses 2 * 10 ^-6Rice ²(Pasec) during the left and right sides, the undercurrent gas flow of gas diffusion layers inside increases too much.

As for the relation between the flow velocity (e) of the flow velocity (f) of the undercurrent gas of gaseous diffusion intrastratal flow and the gas that flows along the gas passage groove, preferably allow the flow velocity of the gas that flows along the gas passage groove preponderate.In order to keep suitable relation between these two flow velocitys, its ratio preferably satisfies relation: 0.05≤f/e≤0.43.When f/e is lower than 0.05, supplies gas to the catalyst of electrode and be subjected to inhibition trend; When it surpassed 0.43, the undercurrent gas flow of gas diffusion layers inside increased too much.

Test example 1

The electron conduction dividing plate can be by making there not being on the fine and close electron conduction carbon plate surface of gas permeability cutting form the gas passage groove.To be used as the parameter of making various test dividing plates and changing by the groove equivalent diameter that recess width, depth of groove and groove cross section integrating get.Be noted that except recess width etc. changes the shape of gaseous fluid passage and example 1 much at one shown in Figure 2.

Consider cutting technique, owing to make recess width to such an extent that be shorter than 0.5mm and have difficulties, so recess width is not smaller than 0.5mm.In addition, owing to confirmed fuel battery performance variation when recess width is longer than 1.5mm, so recess width will change in 0.5 to 1.5mm scope.

Depth of groove is not more than 1.2mm, and this is because confirm when depth of groove is longer than 1.2mm that it is thicker that dividing plate will become, and this is not too practical, but also can cause the fuel battery performance variation.

Then, sealing gasket is set, transparent acrylic fiber plate is set on baffle surface, can observe the state that gas flows along the gas passage groove thus in each test dividing plate periphery.Add water droplet equably in the gas passage groove in dividing plate.Nitrogen injection or air in the gas passage groove then, its pressure drop is 1kPa (100mmAq), 1.5kPa (150mmAq), 2kPa (200mmAq), 5kPa (500mmAq) or 10kPa (1000mmAq).Then, determine by visualization whether water droplet may discharge rapidly in the gas passage groove.Show the result in table 1 in 7.

Table 1

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.56	????0.67	????0.80	????0.87	????0.98
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.56	????0.67	????0.80	????0.87	????0.98	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.5
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.5
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??150mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????×		????×
??200mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??150mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????×		????×
??200mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??500mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????△		????○
??1000mmAq	????×	????×	????△	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????△		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 2

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.62	????0.73	????0.87	????0.96	????1.07
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.62	????0.73	????0.87	????0.96	????1.07	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.6
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.6	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.6
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??150mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????×		????△
??200mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????△	????△	??150mmAq	????×		????×		????×		????×		????△
??200mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????△	????△	??500mmAq	????×		????×		????△		????○		????○
?1000mmAq	????△	????△	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????×		????×		????△		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 3

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.67	????0.79	????0.94	????1.03	????1.16
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.67	????0.79	????0.94	????1.03	????1.16	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.7
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.7	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.7
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??150mmAq	????×		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????△	????○	????○	????○	????○	??150mmAq	????×		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????△	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○
??1000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 4

Equivalent diameter (mm)	??0.71	??0.84	??1.01	??1.11	??1.24
Equivalent diameter (mm)	??0.71	??0.84	??1.01	??1.11	??1.24	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.8
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 0.8	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 0.8
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????×	??150mmAq	????×		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????△	????○	????○	????○	????○	??150mmAq	????×		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????△	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○
??1000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 5

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.80	????0.94	????1.13	????1.24	????1.38
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.80	????0.94	????1.13	????1.24	????1.38	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.0
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????△	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.0	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.0
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????△	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??1000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 6

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.83	????0.99	????1.18	????1.30	????1.45
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.83	????0.99	????1.18	????1.30	????1.45	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.1
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????△	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.1	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.1
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????×	????△	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○
??1000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Table 7

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.87	????1.03	????1.24	????1.35	????1.51
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.87	????1.03	????1.24	????1.35	????1.51	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.2
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????△	????△	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.2	The degree of depth 1.2	Width 1.5	The degree of depth 1.2
??100mmAq	????×	????×	????×	????△	????△	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??150mmAq	????○		????○		????○		????○		????○
??200mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○
??1000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	????○	????○	??500mmAq	????△		????○		????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet will be taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Test example 2

The preparation dividing plate, it with the test dividing plate that represents good result in test in the example 1 in have minimum equivalent diameter 0.79mm (see Table 3, recess width: 0.7mm, depth of groove: dividing plate 0.7mm) be identical.

Also to prepare a kind of dividing plate, it with the test dividing plate that represents good result in test in the example 1 in have maximum equivalent diameter 1.3mm (see Table 6, recess width: 1.2mm, depth of groove: dividing plate 1.1mm) be identical.Should be noted in the discussion above that selected dividing plate has the maximum equivalent diameter that recess width is 1.2mm herein, this is because it is believed that recess width surpasses 1.2mm and can not obtain enough battery performances.

A kind of like this dividing plate of preparation in addition, it represents good result with test in the example 1 and has medium equivalent diameter 1.13mm in the middle of aforementioned minimum and maximum equivalent diameter, and (see Table 5, recess width: 1mm, depth of groove: dividing plate 1mm) is identical.

Meanwhile, preparation constitutes the electron conduction carbon paper (by TorayIndustries, Inc. makes) and the carbon fabric of gas diffusion layers.Even in making the process of fuel cell, can adopt electron conduction carbon paper or carbon fabric, but when the thickness of gas diffusion layers is no more than 90 μ m, the processing gas diffusion layers comparison difficulty that also becomes.In addition, gas diffusion layers is also not enough at the electron conduction that is parallel on its surface direction, and this can cause the battery performance variation, therefore can determine that the thickness of gas diffusion layers preferably is not less than 100 μ m.

Then, sealing gasket is set, on the surface of gas passage groove one side of dividing plate, gas diffusion layers is set in each test dividing plate periphery.In addition, transparent acrylic fibre plate is set on gas diffusion layers, so that can observe the state that the nitrogen that added mist of oil or air flow along the gas passage groove.Then apply 7kg/cm by the contact portion between gas diffusion layers and dividing plate ²The mode of pressure is clamped to the acrylic fibre plate on the dividing plate.The gas permeability of gas diffusion layers changes according to clamping pressure, and clamping pressure is big more, and it is low more that gas permeability becomes.In this test example, when clamping pressure is 7kg/cm ²The time, adopting gas permeability is 1.2 * 10 ^-7m ²/ (Pasec) carbon fabric.

The top gas passage groove of having arranged the dividing plate of gas diffusion layers with nitrogen or air injection gained.Measurement gas pressure drop then.Meanwhile, do not having under the situation of gas diffusion layers, be provided with in the periphery according to the mode identical on the surface of dividing plate of sealing gasket and arranged transparent acrylic fibre plate with test example 1, in gas injecting gas channel groove, the measurement gas pressure drop.At this, according to the situation of the top dividing plate that is provided with gas diffusion layers under the identical speed injecting gas of speed.By adopting gas diffusion layers and not adopting the pressure drop gas diffusion layers both of these case under, can determine that undercurrent gas flow mobile in the gas diffusion layers is to the ratio along the mobile gas flow of the gas passage groove of dividing plate.In addition, also can observe the undercurrent state of gas.Show the result in table 8 in 10.

Table 8

GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450
GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.10	????0.18	????0.31	????0.50	????0.76
Gas undercurrent state	????○	????○	????○	????×	????×	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.10	????0.18	????0.31	????0.50	????0.76

GDL: gas diffusion layers

*: gas is being in quick undercurrent state from the gas access among the GDL towards the outlet process of flowing.

Zero: gas is in uniform flow regime during along flow channel.

Table 9

GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450
GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.07	????0.15	????0.29	????0.46	????0.70
Gas undercurrent state	????○	????○	????○	????×	????×	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.07	????0.15	????0.29	????0.46	????0.70

GDL: gas diffusion layers

Zero: gas is in uniform flow regime during along flow channel.

Table 10

GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450
GDL thickness (μ m)	????100	????200	????300	????400	????450	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.05	????0.11	????0.25	????0.43	????0.66
Gas undercurrent state	????○	????○	????○	????○	????×	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	????0.05	????0.11	????0.25	????0.43	????0.66

GDL: gas diffusion layers

Zero: gas is in uniform flow regime during along flow channel.

Result by the test that utilizes fuel cell to implement respectively can find, when the gas undercurrent being arranged when (after this being called quick undercurrent) on the rib between the gas passage groove, flowing gas state sharply changes in time, thus the durability of initial battery performance and battery performance is brought negative effect.

Test example 3

The preparation dividing plate, it with test example 1 and 2 in adopt, comprise that equivalent diameter is that (recess width: 1mm, depth of groove: the dividing plate of gas passage groove 1mm) is identical for 1.13mm.In addition, thickness is no less than the various carbon fabrics of 200 μ m as gas diffusion layers.Except will using these carbon fabrics, according to test in the example 2 identical mode determine the ratio of the gas flow that the undercurrent gas flow that flows in the gas diffusion layers flows to the gas passage groove along dividing plate, the relation between the gas permeability of the undercurrent state of gained ratio, gas and carbon fabric is listed in the table 11.

Table 11

Gas permeability (the m of GDL ³/m ²/sec/Pa·m)	??3×10 ^-6	?2×10 ^-6	?2×10 ^-7	?2×10 ^-8	??1×10 ^-8
Gas permeability (the m of GDL ³/m ²/sec/Pa·m)	??3×10 ^-6	?2×10 ^-6	?2×10 ^-7	?2×10 ^-8	??1×10 ^-8	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	??0.52	??0.43	?0.2	?0.05	??0.03
Gas undercurrent state	??×	??○	?○	??○	??△	Gas flow rate is than (f/e)	??0.52	??0.43	?0.2	?0.05	??0.03

GDL: gas diffusion layers

△: gas is in the undercurrent state slightly in GDL.

Zero: gas is in uniform flow regime during along flow channel.

Result by the test that utilizes fuel cell to implement respectively can observe, when existing from the inlet of gas passage groove the quick undercurrent of gas in the gas diffusion layers towards outlet, stream condition sharply changes in time, and it produces counter productive to the durability of initial cells performance and battery performance thus.Can find that also even when almost not having the gas undercurrent in gas diffusion layers, battery performance also can variation.

Example 1

(i) make electrode

Allowing acetylene carbon black powder (Denka-Black (ProductName), Denki Kagaku KogyoKabushihikaisha) make) average grain diameter is about the platinum grain of 30 on the carrier band, thus prepare catalyst fines.By weight, the acetylene carbon black powder of per 100 weight portions will be with the platinum of 25 weight portions.The gained catalyst fines is mixed with isopropyl alcohol, prepare suspending liquid A.In addition, perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (Flemion (ProductName) is made by Asahi Glass Company) is mixed with ethanol, prepare suspension B.Then suspending liquid A and B are mixed with each other, obtain catalyst cream.

Meanwhile, the preparation carbon fabric constitutes gas diffusion layers.The external dimensions of used carbon fabric is 12 * 12cm, and thickness is 200 μ m, and gas permeability is 1.2 * 10 ^-7m ²/ (Pasec).With carbon black powders and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (D-1 (ProductName), make by DSIKININDUSTRIES LTD.) mixture of aqueous dispersion is applied on that side surface this carbon fabric, that will form catalytic reaction layer, under 400 ℃ of conditions, cure 30 minutes then, thereby watertight composition is set on carbon fabric.By silk screen printing aforementioned catalyst cream is applied on this watertight composition, to form catalytic reaction layer.In this way, just obtained comprising the electrode of catalytic reaction layer that forms on carbon fabric, the carbon fabric and the watertight composition that between the two, is provided with.Platinum content in the electrode on the per unit area and perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid content are respectively 0.3mg/cm ²And 1.0mg/cm ²

(ii) prepare MEA

Be described with reference to Fig. 1.

To comprise that by hot pressing each electrode in every pair of electrode 14 of catalytic reaction layer 12 and gas diffusion layers 13 adheres on each surface of hydrogen ion conductivity polymer electrolyte film 11 that external dimensions is 20cm * 20cm, described bonding mode is to allow catalytic reaction layer 12 contact with electrolytic thin-membrane 11.For hydrogen ion conductivity polymer electrolyte film 11, use and form the perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid that thickness is the film of 30 μ m.Then, form manifold hole in the periphery of electrolytic thin-membrane 11, the size in the hole that forms in the size of described manifold hole and layout and the dividing plate of describing later is identical with layout.The seals 15 that Viton Co. makes is set in the periphery of electrolytic thin-membrane, and electrode and manifold hole are surrounded by seals like this, make film-electrode assemblie (MEA) 16 thus.

(iii) make the electron conduction dividing plate

Cut on surface to the fine and close electron conduction carbon plate that do not have gas permeability, forms the gas passage groove, produces the electron conduction dividing plate thus.Make three kinds of dividing plates at this: dividing plate (X), on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 2, on another surface, formed groove shown in Figure 3; Dividing plate (Y) has formed groove shown in Figure 2 on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 4 on another surface; Dividing plate (Z) has formed groove shown in Figure 3 on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 4 (the layout difference of manifold hole) on its another surface.Groove shown in Fig. 2,3 and 4 is respectively oxidizer gas channel groove, fuel gas channel groove and cooling-water duct groove.

The size of each dividing plate is 20cm * 20cm, and thickness is 3mm.The cross section that forms in each dividing plate is each groove 21a and 21b of rectangle concave panel, and wide is 0.7mm, is .07mm deeply, and the equivalent diameter of each groove is 0.79mm.The gas passage groove is advanced along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream, they comprise a plurality of horizontal elements, horizontal element is parallel to each other, and have equal length " a " basically, length " a " is 1.2 to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between the horizontal element in the horizontal element of upstream side and downstream.In addition, the width " c " of rib 22a between the horizontal element adjacent one another are and 22b is 1.2mm, and rib width " c " is 1/30 with the ratio c/a of length " a ".

The manifold hole of regulation then is set, i.e. oxidant gas inlet 23a, oxidant gas outlet 23b, fuel gas inlet 24a, fuel gas outlet 24b and cooling water inlet 25a and coolant outlet 25b on each dividing plate.Should be noted in the discussion above that in each dividing plate each measure-alike manifold hole all will be provided with same position.In addition, clamping rod hole 26 also to be set at each dividing plate four jiaos.

(iv) make fuel cell

MEA is clipped between the dividing plate of two aforementioned regulations, they are used as element cell.Allow the oxidizer gas channel groove of a surface in the dividing plate (X) of a MEA, allow the fuel gas channel groove of another surface in the dividing plate (Z) simultaneously.Another MEA is arranged to the fuel gas channel groove of the dividing plate (X) towards this element cell, allows the oxidizer gas channel groove of its opposite one side in the dividing plate (Y) simultaneously.Repeat this dual-battery structure pattern, until assembling out the storehouse that comprises 100 batteries.At each end of battery pack, the end plate of sequentially having settled the copper collector plate of surface gold-plating, insulation board that PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) makes and stainless steel to make, end plate is fixing with the clamping rod.The clamping pressure of comparative electrode is 10kg/cm ²

(the v) evaluation of fuel cell

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ offers anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 98V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the power output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.11kW (72V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 2

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Dividing plate used herein comprises groove 21a and 21b, and in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1mm and each groove is the 1.13mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Horizontal element length " a " to the ratio c/a of the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element and rib width " c " and length " a " respectively with example 1 in identical.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ offers anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 97.5V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.132kW (72.5V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 3

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprising groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, is that 1.2mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1.1mm and each groove is the 1.3mm except recess width in the structure of these grooves, and other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ offers anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 98.5V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.123kW (72.3V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 4

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, be that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1mm, each groove is that each rib 22a between 1.13mm and horizontal element adjacent one another are and the width " c " of 22b are 1/60 for 1mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of horizontal element length " a " except recess width in the structure of these grooves, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Horizontal element length " a " identical in the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element and the example 1.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ is supplied to anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 98.5V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Example 5

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1mm, each groove is that the width " c " of each rib 22a between 1.13mm, horizontal element adjacent one another are and 22b is 1/200 for the ratio c/a of 0.8mm and rib width " c " and horizontal element length " a ", all the other are all identical with structure in the example 1.

Example 6

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width be 1mm, the degree of depth be the equivalent diameter of 1mm, each groove be 1.13mm, horizontal element length " a " to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element be 0.8, each rib 22a between horizontal element adjacent one another are and the width " c " of 22b be 1/50 for 1mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of length " a ", other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ is supplied to anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 99V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.154kW (73V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 7

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width be 1mm, the degree of depth be the equivalent diameter of 1mm, each groove be 1.13mm, horizontal element length " a " to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element be 0.6, each rib 22a between horizontal element adjacent one another are and the width " c " of 22b be 1/40 for 1mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of length " a ", other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.11kW (72V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Comparative example 1

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width be 0.6mm, the degree of depth be the equivalent diameter of 0.6mm, each groove be 0.68mm, horizontal element length " a " to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element be 1.3, each rib 22a between horizontal element adjacent one another are and the width " c " of 22b be 1/220 for 0.5mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of length " a ", other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ is supplied to anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 96V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.Determine that from the result who surpasses work in 2000 hours of this example fuel cell its output is reduced to 2.85kW (66V-43.2A) after 2000 hours from the 3.07kW (71V-43.2A) of incipient stage.

Comparative example 2

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width be 1.2mm, the degree of depth be the equivalent diameter of 1.2mm, each groove be 1.35mm, horizontal element length " a " to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element be 1.3, each rib 22a between horizontal element adjacent one another are and the width " c " of 22b be 1/19 for 1.5mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of length " a ", other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.Determine that from 2000 hours the work of surpassing of this example fuel cell its output is reduced to 2.76kW (64V-43.2A) after 2000 hours from the 3.02kW (70V-43.2A) of incipient stage.

Example 8

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.In example 1, the fine and close electron conduction carbon plate that does not have gas permeability is cut, form the gas passage groove, produce the electron conduction dividing plate thus.Make three types dividing plate at this: dividing plate (O), on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 5, on another surface, formed groove shown in Figure 6; Dividing plate (P) has formed groove shown in Figure 5 on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 4 on another surface; Dividing plate (Q) has formed groove shown in Figure 6 on one surface, formed groove shown in Figure 4 (the layout difference of manifold hole) on its another surface.Groove shown in Fig. 5 and 6 is respectively oxidizer gas channel groove, fuel gas channel groove, and in example 1, groove shown in Figure 4 is the cooling-water duct groove.

With the same in the example 1, the size of each dividing plate is 20cm * 20cm, and thickness is 3mm.The cross section that forms in each dividing plate is each the groove 31a and the wide 0.7mm of being of 31b of rectangle concave panel, is 0.7mm deeply, and the equivalent diameter of each groove is 0.79mm.The gas passage groove is advanced along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream, they comprise a plurality of horizontal elements, these horizontal elements are parallel to each other, and have identical length " a " basically, length " a " is 0.2 to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element.In addition, the width " c " of rib 32a between horizontal element adjacent one another are and 32b is 0.7mm, and rib width " c " is 1/30 with the ratio c/a of length " a ".It is also noted that, between the horizontal element of upstream and the manifold hole and be provided with the flow channel 37 of matrix shape between the horizontal element in downstream and the manifold hole.

The manifold hole of regulation then is set, i.e. oxidant gas inlet 33a, oxidant gas outlet 33b, fuel gas inlet 34a, fuel gas outlet 34b and cooling water inlet 35a and coolant outlet 35b on each dividing plate.Should be noted in the discussion above that in each dividing plate each manifold hole of same size will be provided with same position.In addition, clamping rod hole 36 also to be set at each dividing plate four jiaos.

Example 9

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 8 in the same fuel

cell.Comprise groove

31a and 31b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1mm, each groove is that the width " c " of 1.13mm, each

rib

32a and 32b is 1/20 for 1mm, rib width " c " with the ratio c/a of length " a ", all the other are all identical with structure in the example 8.

Horizontal element length " a " identical in the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element and the example 8.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ is supplied to anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 98V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.119kW (72.2V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 10

cell.Comprise groove

31a and 31b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1.2mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1.1mm, each groove is that the width " c " of 1.3mm, each

rib

Identical in the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between horizontal element length " a " and upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element and the example 8.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.136kW (72.6V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 11

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 0.79mm, each groove is the 1mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Horizontal element length " a " is 1 to the ratio a/b of the short lines size " b " between upstream side horizontal element and the downstream horizontal element, and rib width " c " is 1/50 with the ratio c/a of length " a ".

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.162kW (73.2V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 12

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 0.88mm, each groove is the 1.06mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cells of this example of making is like this remained on 70 ℃, will be through humidification and be heated to the hydrogen of dew point and the air that passes through humidification and be heated to the dew point with 70 ℃ is supplied to anode-side and cathode side respectively with 70 ℃.When not having electric current when export the outside, this produces the battery open circuit voltage of the 99.5V under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.184kW (73.7V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 13

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1.1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1.03mm, each groove is the 1.2mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.171kW (73.4V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 14

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 0.75mm and each groove is the 0.98mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Example 15

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 1.1mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 1.06mm, each groove is the 1.22mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.The result determines that the output of the fuel cell of this example also maintained 3.128kW (72.4V-43.2A) after 8000 hours.

Example 16

The groove structure in changing dividing plate, make with example 1 in the same fuel cell.Comprise groove 21a and 21b at this used dividing plate, in the structure of these grooves, except recess width is that 0.7mm, the degree of depth are that the equivalent diameter of 0.81mm, each groove is the 0.85mm, other is all identical with structure in the example 1.

Test example 4

As shown in Figure 1, find out by visualization result that implement, that whether can from separator flow channel, discharge rapidly about water droplet in the test example 1, when depth of groove is that 0.5mm, recess width are that 0.5mm, 0.7mm and 1mm and gas pressure drop scope are that 1kPa (100mmAq) is during to 10kPa (1000mmAq), water droplet can not be discharged rapidly.

At this, except using aforementioned separator plate and surpassing pressure drop in the gas injecting gas channel groove of 10kPa, carry out with test example 1 in identical operations, determine by visualization whether water droplet can discharge rapidly from the separator channels groove.The results are shown in the table 12.

Table 12

Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.56	????0.67	????0.80
Equivalent diameter (mm)	????0.56	????0.67	????0.80	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.5
?1500mmAq	????×	????×	????○	Width/depth (mm)	Width 0.5	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 0.7	The degree of depth 0.5	Width 1.0	The degree of depth 0.5
?1500mmAq	????×	????×	????○	?2000mmAq	????×		????△		????○
?2500mmAq	????△	????○	????○	?2000mmAq	????×		????△		????○
?2500mmAq	????△	????○	????○	?2700mmAq	????○		????○		????○
?3000mmAq	????○	????○	????○	?2700mmAq	????○		????○		????○

*: the water droplet overflow

△: water droplet is taken time and could be discharged.

Zero: water droplet is discharged rapidly.

Can determine that by The above results when applying the pressure drop that is not less than 25kPa, no matter equivalent diameter, width and the degree of depth of gas flow channel groove are how, water droplet can both be discharged rapidly from separator flow channel.Therefore this shows, when pressure drop is being not less than 1.5kPa (150mmAq), when being not more than in the scope of 25kPa (2500mmAq), can bringing effective influence for the present invention.

Example 17

The similar fuel cell of that fuel cell in manufacturing and the example 1, its cooling water inlet temperature maintains 40 to 80 ℃.To and be heated to the mist with the dew point temperature that equates with cooling water inlet temperature through humidification and be fed to anode-side, wherein said mist contains the air of 23% carbon dioxide, 76.5% hydrogen and 0.5% and the carbon monoxide of 20ppm.To and be heated to air supply through humidification and give cathode side with the dew point temperature that equates with cooling water inlet temperature.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.In addition, be 0.3A/cm in current density ²Condition under, control cooling water flow velocity in continuous power generation process is so that make the temperature of coolant outlet higher 6 ℃ than the temperature of cooling water inlet.

Table 13 shows: the battery open circuit voltage under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine not to outside output current the time; 100 element cells, 100 hours change in voltage standard deviation (σ) after the beginning uninterruptable power generation; And the average speed (degradation ratio) that 10000 hours voltage hourly descends after the beginning uninterruptable power generation.

Table 13

Cooling water inlet temperature (℃)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends
Cooling water inlet temperature (℃)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends	????40	????94	????3.8	????8.1
????45	????96	????2.3	????3.3	????40	????94	????3.8	????8.1
????45	????96	????2.3	????3.3	????50	????97	????2.1	????2.8
????55	????98	????1.9	????2.0	????50	????97	????2.1	????2.8
????55	????98	????1.9	????2.0	????60	????98	????1.8	????1.7
????65	????98	????1.7	????1.8	????60	????98	????1.8	????1.7
????65	????98	????1.7	????1.8	????70	????98	????1.7	????2.1
????75	????98	????1.6	????3.5	????70	????98	????1.7	????2.1
????75	????98	????1.6	????3.5	????80	????98	????1.6	Can not work after 8000 hours

As can be seen from Table 13, though the open circuit voltage of battery is not subjected to the very big influence of cooling water inlet temperature (battery temperature), but when cooling water inlet temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, electrode catalyst can be poisoned because of the carbon monoxide in the fuel gas, thereby has increased degradation ratio and initial characteristics value σ.Find out also that in addition when the temperature of cooling water inlet was not less than 80 ℃, cell voltage reduced to battery can not be worked on after about 8000 hours.Therefore what can think that the temperature of cooling water inlet is fit to is 45 to 75 ℃, and more desirable is 50 to 70 ℃.

Example 18

The similar fuel cell of that fuel cell in manufacturing and the example 1, its cooling water inlet temperature maintains 65 ℃.To and be heated to relative cooling water inlet temperature-10 ℃ through humidification and be fed to anode-side to the mist of+10 ℃ dew point temperature, described mist contains the air of 23% carbon dioxide, 76.5% hydrogen and 0.5% and the carbon monoxide of 20ppm.To and be heated to relative cooling water inlet temperature-10 ℃ through humidification and give cathode side to the air supply of+10 ℃ dew point temperature.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.In addition, be 0.3A/cm in current density ²Condition under, control cooling water flow velocity in the process of uninterruptable power generation is so that make the temperature of coolant outlet higher 6 ℃ than the temperature of cooling water inlet.

Table 14 shows: the battery open circuit voltage under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine not to outside output current the time; 100 element cells, 100 hours the standard deviation (σ) of change in voltage after the beginning uninterruptable power generation; And the average speed (degradation ratio) that 10000 hours voltage hourly descends after the beginning uninterruptable power generation.

Table 14

The dew point of the relative cooling water inlet temperature of supply gas (℃)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends
	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends	????-10	????93	????2.1	Can not work after 7000 hours
????-5	????96	????1.8	????4.3	????-10	????93	????2.1	Can not work after 7000 hours
????-5	????96	????1.8	????4.3	????0	????98	????1.7	????1.8
????+5	????98	????2.3	????2.0	????0	????98	????1.7	????1.8
????+5	????98	????2.3	????2.0	????+10	????98	????4.5	????6.5

As can be seen from Table 14, though the open circuit voltage of battery is not influenced by the very big of supply gas dew point, when the dew point of supply gas during than high 10 ℃ of cooling water inlet temperature, be subjected to the influence that condensed water blocks in the gas flow channel, initial characteristics value σ increases.Find out also that in addition when the dew point of supply gas hanged down 10 ℃ than the temperature of cooling water inlet, cell voltage reduced to battery can not be worked on after 7000 hours.According to top described, so can think that the suitable dew point scope of supply gas is that the temperature-5 of relative cooling water inlet is ℃ to+5 ℃.

Example 19

The similar fuel cell of that fuel cell in manufacturing and the example 1, its cooling water inlet temperature maintains 65 ℃.To be fed to anode-side through humidification and the mist that is heated to the dew point temperature that equates with cooling water inlet temperature, described mist contains the air of 23% carbon dioxide, 76.5% hydrogen and 0.5% and the carbon monoxide of 20ppm.To give cathode side through humidification and the air supply that is heated to the dew point temperature that equates with cooling water inlet temperature.

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 20 to 80% and current density be 0.3A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.In addition, be 0.3A/cm in current density ²Condition under, control cooling water flow velocity in the process of uninterruptable power generation is so that make the temperature of coolant outlet higher 7 ℃ than the temperature of cooling water inlet.

Table 15 shows: the battery open circuit voltage under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine not to outside output current the time; 100 element cells, 100 hours the standard deviation (σ) of change in voltage after the beginning uninterruptable power generation; And the average speed (degradation ratio) that 10000 hours voltage hourly descends after the beginning uninterruptable power generation.

Table 15

Coefficient of oxygen utilization (%)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends
Coefficient of oxygen utilization (%)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends	????20	????99	????1.5	Can not work again after 9000 hours
????30	????98	????1.5	????4.3	????20	????99	????1.5	Can not work again after 9000 hours
????30	????98	????1.5	????4.3	????40	????98	????1.6	????1.8
????50	????98	????1.7	????1.8	????40	????98	????1.6	????1.8
????50	????98	????1.7	????1.8	????60	????98	????1.8	????1.6
????70	????97	????2.1	????1.5	????60	????98	????1.8	????1.6
????70	????97	????2.1	????1.5	????80	????96	????5.3	????7.8

Can see that from table 15 though the open circuit voltage of battery is not influenced by the very big of coefficient of oxygen utilization, when coefficient of oxygen utilization was 80%, under the influence that condensed water blocks in gas flow channel, initial characteristics value σ increased.Find out also that in addition when coefficient of oxygen utilization was 20%, cell voltage reduced to battery can not be worked on after 9000 hours.So can think that suitable coefficient of oxygen utilization scope is 30 to 70%.

Example 20

Be 75% at fuel availability, oxygen utilization rate be 50% and current density be 0.02 to 0.5A/cm ²Condition under allow this fuel cell uninterruptable power generation, to measure the power output performance over time.In addition, be not less than 0.1A/cm in current density ²Condition under, control cooling water flow velocity in continuous power generation process is so that make the temperature of coolant outlet higher 6 ℃ than the temperature of cooling water inlet.Be lower than 0.1A/cm in current density ²Condition under, the operation battery allows cooling water flow velocity and the current density be 0.1A/cm ²Flow velocity under the situation equates.

Table 16 shows: the battery open circuit voltage under the immunization with gD DNA vaccine not to outside output current the time; 100 element cells, 100 hours the standard deviation (σ) of change in voltage after the beginning uninterruptable power generation; And the average speed (degradation ratio) that 10000 hours voltage hourly descends after the beginning uninterruptable power generation.

Table 16

Current density (A/cm ²)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends
Current density (A/cm ²)	Battery open circuit voltage (V)	Voltage standard deviation (σ)	The average speed (μ v/h) that voltage descends	????0.02	????90	????5.3	????6.3
????0.05	????93	????2.2	????3.3	????0.02	????90	????5.3	????6.3
????0.05	????93	????2.2	????3.3	????0.1	????94	????1.5	????2.1
????0.2	????96	????1.6	????1.8	????0.1	????94	????1.5	????2.1
????0.2	????96	????1.6	????1.8	????0.3	????96	????1.7	????1.8
????0.4	????95	????2.1	????2.8	????0.3	????96	????1.7	????1.8
????0.4	????95	????2.1	????2.8	????0.5	????94	????2.3	????3.1

As can be seen from Table 16, though the open circuit voltage of battery is not influenced by the very big of current density, when current density is 0.02A/cm ²The time, under the influence that the flow velocity along the mobile gas of gas flow channel reduces, initial characteristics value σ increases.Also find out in addition, when current density is 0.02A/cm ²The time, degradation ratio increases.So can think that suitable current density range is 0.05A/cm ²Or it is higher.

Meanwhile, the generating voltage of each element cell requires to maintain to be not less than 0.7V in the fuel cell, so that allow the generating efficiency of fuel battery keep high level.This just requires current density not to be higher than 0.3A/cm ²

As mentioned above, according to the present invention, can when avoiding the overflow phenomena that causes because of condensed water, realize having the fuel cell of good performance and very high durability.

Although the mode with presently preferred embodiment has been described the present invention, it being understood that the disclosure thing be not be interpreted as restrictive.Concerning those skilled in the art, after having read above-mentioned publication, make various changes, revise conspicuous beyond doubt.Therefore, attempt that appending claims is contained and drop on the spirit and scope of the present invention interior all conversion and modification.

Those of ordinary skills it being understood that and can do some variations to the foregoing description under the situation that does not break away from broad sense inventive principle of the present invention.Therefore be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific embodiment, but attempt to contain the modification that drops in the spirit and scope of the invention that limits as appended claims.

Claims

1. fuel cell that comprises one group of element cell, each element cell comprises:

The hydrogen ion conductivity electrolytic thin-membrane; Anode and negative electrode accompany described hydrogen ion conductivity electrolytic thin-membrane between them; Be positioned at anode-side and with described anode contacting electronic conducting diaphragm; And be positioned at cathode side and with described negative electrode contacting electronic conducting diaphragm, wherein:

The electron conduction dividing plate of described anode-side comprises the fuel gas channel groove, and described channel groove is used for to described anode supply fuel gas towards described anode;

The electron conduction dividing plate of described cathode side comprises the oxidizer gas channel groove, and described channel groove is used for to described negative electrode supply oxidant gas towards described negative electrode; And

The equivalent diameter of described fuel gas channel groove and/or described oxidizer gas channel groove is: each groove is not less than 0.79mm and is not more than 1.3mm.

2. fuel cell according to claim 1, the degree of depth of wherein said fuel gas channel groove and/or described oxidizer gas channel groove all is not less than 0.7mm, and is not more than 1.1mm.

3. fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said fuel gas channel groove and/or described oxidizer gas channel groove:

Advance along the line that crawls that extends downstream from the upstream;

Comprise a plurality of parallel to each other and have the horizontal part of equal length " a " basically; And

In described length " a " and the described a plurality of horizontal part in the horizontal part of upstream side and the described a plurality of horizontal part ratio of the short lines size " b " between the horizontal part in downstream satisfy following relation: a/b≤1.2.

4. fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said fuel gas channel groove and/or described oxidizer gas channel groove:

Advance along the line that crawls that extends towards downstream from the upstream;

Comprise a plurality of parallel to each other and have the horizontal part of equal length " a " substantially; And

Rib width " c " between the described horizontal part adjacent one another are satisfies following relation with the ratio of described length " a ": 1/200≤c/a≤1/20.

5. fuel cell according to claim 1, in wherein said anode and the described negative electrode each all comprise gas diffusion layers and with the contacted catalytic reaction layer of described gas diffusion layers, the thickness of at least one diffusion layer in the described gas diffusion layers of described anode and described negative electrode is about 100 to 400 μ m.

6. fuel cell according to claim 1, in wherein said anode and the described negative electrode each all comprise gas diffusion layers and with the contacted catalytic reaction layer of described gas diffusion layers, at least one diffusion layer in the described gas diffusion layers of described anode and described negative electrode has along the gas permeability of the first type surface direction that is parallel to gas diffusion layers, based on dry gas, its permeability is 2 * 10 ^-8To 2 * 10 ^-6Rice ²About/(handkerchief second).

One kind the operation fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 method, wherein the pressure loss along at least a gas in described fuel gas channel groove fuel gas that flows and the oxidant gas that flows along described oxidant channel groove is not less than 1.5kPa, and is not more than 25kPa.

8. the method for an operation fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, the flow velocity " f " that wherein flows into the underflow gasses of described anode satisfies following the relation with the ratio of the flow velocity " e " of the fuel gas that flows along described fuel gas flow groove: 0.05≤f/e≤0.43.

9. the method for an operation fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, the flow velocity " h " that wherein flows into the underflow gasses of described negative electrode satisfies following the relation with the ratio of the flow velocity " g " of the oxidant gas that flows along described oxidant gas flow groove: 0.05≤h/g≤0.43.

One kind the operation fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 method, it also comprises: the fuel cell that has the coolant guiding channel groove is provided, the inlet temperature of wherein said coolant guiding channel is about 45 ℃ to 75 ℃, the dew point of at least a gas in fuel gas that will be supplied to described fuel cell and oxidant gas is not less than about-5 ℃, and be not higher than+about 5 ℃, described dew point is relevant with described inlet temperature, the utilance of described oxidant gas approximately is not less than 30%, and approximately be not higher than 70%, the generation current density of described fuel cell is not less than 0.05A/cm ², and be not higher than 0.3A/cm ²