CN1483643A - Temp management method for cold-keeping transportation - Google Patents

Abstract

The temp. management method for reefer transportation includes two portions of material flow and information flow. Firstly, according to the parameters of class and quality of goods to be transported, time interval for transportation, operation time and cold-holding agent property it utilizes the cold-holding agent and goods heat-transferring coupling model and meteorological parameter forecasting model to calculate the dose of cold-holding agent; then the sensor probe of temp. monitoring device, required cold-holding agent and goods are placed in the heat-insulating package box; in the course of transportation the temp. monitoring device can be used for making real-time recording or/and display and warning and prompting, after the goods are reached to destination, it is connected with computer by means of serial interface, and the computer can be used for printing out temp. change report file of goods.

Description

A kind of cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for managing temperature of cold insulation transportation, belong to cold insulation transportation technology field.

Background technology

Cold chain is to be basic means with refrigerating apparatus and technology, with processing, storage, transportation, supply and marketing perishable and overall process thereof is object, make each link as chain, connect with one another closely is in low temperature environment always, is the refrigeration system of purpose with the original quality that keeps perishable to greatest extent.So-called perishable mainly refers to perishable items, extraordinary medicine (as vaccine etc.) etc.In cold chain, because transit link is to be in moving process, be subjected to the restriction of transportation means power, be difficult to realize the mechanical refrigeration of overall process, so its refrigerated transport instrument is divided into two classes: refrigerated transport and cold insulation transportation.

Refrigerated transport is the low temperature environment that goods is provided by mechanical refrigeration equipment, and is as refrigerated train, refrigerator truck, cold storage boat, refrigerated container etc. cargo loading equipment and mechanical refrigeration equipment is integrated, is a kind of portable refrigerating apparatus.But this portable refrigerating apparatus, need independently energy supply system, as automotive engine or storage battery dedicated, start spcific power equipment such as () machine, solar energy converting equipment, therefore, the equipment of refrigerated transport and traffic cost height, but the quality of goods obtains good assurance, is suitable for remote, long-time transportation, or quality is had the goods transport of specific (special) requirements.

The cold insulation transportation is meant the transportation mode that does not have mechanical refrigeration equipment in the transportation means, generally be various cool storage materials such as the metal blocks of utilizing insulation casing built-in to establish, ice, composite chemical material, or directly utilize the cooled apparent cold that betransported goods self to keep the low temperature environment that conveys goods in the transportation, so cold insulation transportation range and time are subjected to very big restriction.The main tool of cold insulation transportation at present is a reefer car, or thermal container, insulation casing etc. is placed on carries out the cold insulation transportation on the transportation meanss such as automobile, train, boats and ships.Though transportation range and time are restricted, because reefer car cheap still has sizable application, be particularly suitable for closely, the transportation of short time.For making cold insulation transportation replace refrigerated transport to greatest extent, to reduce the energy resource consumption and the shipment and delivery cost of low temperature transportation, what prolong the cold insulation transportation transports distance and haulage time, and pay much attention to the research of insulation casing and cool storage material the home and abroad.For example, patent " cold transportation method " (Chinese application number: 98814239.2, PCT/DE98/02724 1998.9.14), " agent for storage of coldness, cold-storage bag and cold insulated cabinet " (Chinese application number: 00804927.0 international patent application no:, international patent application no: PCT/JP00/02209 2000.4.6) all provide rational cool storage material and cold insulation transportation resources such as binary ice etc., but do not seen feasible method rationally as yet about temperature treatment.

In the cold insulation transportation, cargo temperature is the most important condition that guarantees the goods quality.At present, be the goods that will be pre-chilled to after the uniform temperature for the conventional way of cold insulation transportation temperature treatment, transport in the insulation can of packing into, arrive and detect cargo temperature behind the destination more whether in specialized range, to judge transportation owner's level of service.For guaranteeing the temperature of goods, the transportation owner has to increase the use amount of agent for storage of coldness, has reduced the shipping goods amount on the one hand, increases agent for storage of coldness precooling (freezing) energy consumption on the other hand, increases traffic cost; Temperature reached requirement when some escort personnel arrived for making goods, it is answered freeze halfway, may cause the deterioration of goods quality.Therefore only pay close attention to goods transport " two places " (departure place, destination), and do not pay attention to the temperature treatment system of transportation, all will bring loss user and owner.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation, this method is for the waste, reduction precooling energy consumption and the traffic cost that ensure shipping goods quality, reduction perishables, and the service quality that improves the transportation owner has important effect.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation is characterized in that this management process comprises flow of material and two aspects of flow of information, specifically comprises the steps:

A. according to betransporteding the kind of goods and quality, departure place and destination, transportation period and production time, insulation can scantling of structure and material thereof, agent for storage of coldness rerum natura, utilize agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model and meteorological parametric prediction model to calculate the agent for storage of coldness use amount of overall process assurance cargo temperature;

B. from cold store, take out the agent for storage of coldness that has freezed of required use amount;

C. device for detecting temperature is linked to each other with computing machine by serial interface, utilize the computing machine highest temperature that input temp sampling step length and goods allow in the device for detecting temperature that contains the temperature monitoring program;

Temperature sensor gauge head, agent for storage of coldness and the goods of the one or more device for detecting temperature after d. parameter being set packed in the insulation packing chest;

E. will be incubated packing chest and put into the transportation of transportation means beginning cold insulation, and in transportation, make device for detecting temperature carry out real time recording or/and show, and when temperature surpasses the goods maximum permissible temperature warning reminding;

F. after goods arrives the destination, unloading and decomposition;

G. device for detecting temperature is taken out from the insulation casing, link to each other with computing machine by serial interface, utilize computer storage and change report file, and it is submitted to the user and transports the owner or/and print the cargo temperature of from origin to destination processing operation and cold insulation transportation overall process.

In the technical scheme of the present invention, prediction agent for storage of coldness use amount can be carried out as follows among the above-mentioned steps a:

H. by departure place, destination and cold insulation transportation the historical meteorologic parameter of main cities of process and following 72 hours weather forecast, set up the meteorologic parameter forecast model of goods geographic location in moving process;

I. set up agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model, this coupling model comprises unsteady-state heat transfer lumped parameter model and the agent for storage of coldness and the goods heat transfer coupling model of goods in agent for storage of coldness phase-change heat transfer model, the insulation casing;

J. given goods moves the timetable of overall process from the goods of the unloading of the vanning of departure place and loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and catabolic phase;

Scantling of structure and material, agent for storage of coldness physical parameter and the initial temperature of k. given kind that betransported goods and quality, insulation can; The cold insulation time of the initial temperature of goods, maximum permissible temperature and requirement;

L. provide the initial value of agent for storage of coldness use amount;

M. the goods that provides according to step j moves the overall process timetable, utilizes the meteorologic parameter forecast model of setting up among the step h, calculates the outside meteorologic parameter of goods position;

N. the known conditions that provides according to step k utilizes the agent for storage of coldness of step I foundation and effective cold insulation time that goods heat transfer coupling model calculates goods;

O. if effective cold insulation time of calculating of step n less than the cargo requirement cold insulation time, then increases the agent for storage of coldness use amount, and turn back to step m and carry out double counting, till effective cold insulation time is more than or equal to the cargo requirement cold insulation time;

P. export goods and move the agent for storage of coldness use amount that overall process needs.

The meteorologic parameter Forecasting Methodology that the present invention is adopted when predicting the agent for storage of coldness use amount in above-mentioned steps h comprises following steps:

Q. given vanning and the goods of the unloading of loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and the catabolic phase timetable that moves overall process from the goods departure place;

R. be benchmark with goods at the initial time of departure place stuffing, meteorologic parameter when pursuing that the past in each city that input goods moving process need pass through is preceding 1～5 day;

S. import meteorological observatory issue 72 hours futures each city that the goods moving process need pass through the weather forecast parameter;

T. according to the past in a few days ago by the time meteorologic parameter and following 72 hours weather forecast, from departure place stuffing initial time, calculate needed in the goods moving process in following 72 hours through the city by the time meteorologic parameter;

U. utilize need that step t calculates to move timetable, calculate between the two adjacent cities the outside meteorologic parameter of each point position in the road through the meteorologic parameter and the given goods of step q in city.

Temperature monitoring, the data that the present invention includes " two places " operation and cold insulation transportation overall process are stored, the generation and the submission of report file, and the Forecasting Methodology of agent for storage of coldness use amount etc.Prediction to the agent for storage of coldness use amount, can avoid in transportation because of the waste of using the excessive agent for storage of coldness that causes of agent for storage of coldness and cost is too high or can't guarantee effective cold insulation time because of what use that agent for storage of coldness causes very little, make the problem that goods is rotten, thereby effective and reasonable utilization agent for storage of coldness, saved the energy.To temperature monitoring, data that " two places " operation and cold insulation goods in transit move overall process store, the generation and the submission of report file, then can provide the authentic data of temperature traverse in the transportation for the transit industry client that advocates peace, thereby to ensureing the shipping goods quality, reduce the waste of perishables, the service quality that improves the transportation owner provides strong data support and assurance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow of material in the cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation that proposes of the present invention and the schematic flow sheet (solid arrow representative species stream among the figure, dotted arrow represent message flow) of flow of information.

Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart of prediction agent for storage of coldness use amount.

Fig. 3 is the contour structures sketch of device for detecting temperature.

Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of device for detecting temperature.

Fig. 5 is device for detecting temperature and computing machine connection diagram.

Fig. 6 represents that device for detecting temperature is provided with position view in insulation in the packing chest.

Fig. 7 is the workflow diagram of the built-in temperature monitoring program of device for detecting temperature.

Fig. 8 is the temperature variation curve in the different insulation cans that obtain in the specific embodiment.

Among the figure: the sequence number of each parts and title are as follows in Fig. 3～6:

The 1-device for detecting temperature; The 2-temperature sensor probe; The 3-temperature sensor wires; 4-temperature-detecting device body; The 5-serial communication interface; 6-serial communication line; The 7-computing machine; 8-is incubated packing chest; The 9-agent for storage of coldness; The 10-goods.

The specific embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of flow of material and flow of information in the cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation that proposes of the present invention, and it relates to flow of material (goods stream) and two aspects of flow of information (temperature and time).Flow of material wherein, be the flow direction of expression goods, agent for storage of coldness, insulation packing chest, device for detecting temperature, it also comprises 3 stages: the unloading and the catabolic phase of the cold insulation haulage stage between vanning of (one) departure place and loading stage, (two) departure place and the destination, (three) destination.Flow of information is meant in the loading and unloading operation and cold insulation transportation overall process of goods between departure place, destination and two places, real time recording, the demonstration of information such as the temperature of goods, time, and transport and finish storage and the output of back, and the information flow process of submitting to the user and feeding back to the transportation owner to the figure and the report file of overall process cargo temperature change information.In the three phases of flow of material, all comprising the flow of information process, and the stage (three) afterwards, also comprise the stage (four): report information and feedback stage.

The idiographic flow in each stage is as follows:

(1) vanning of departure place and loading stage: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.This stage comprises following process:

A. the forecasting process of agent for storage of coldness use amount: according to betransporteding cargo quantity, kind, transportation range between departure place and the destination, meteorologic parameter, the haulage time section, the agent for storage of coldness rerum natura, the structure of insulation can and material thereof, and, utilize agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model to predict the use amount of agent for storage of coldness in operation (vanning, the unloading) time of departure place and destination.

B. agent for storage of coldness takes out process: will freeze the agent for storage of coldness that finishes, and take out from freeze attemperator by the prediction use amount, for goods vanning process is got ready.

C. the parameter assignment procedure of device for detecting temperature: transportation owner or operating personal are with serial communication wire joint computing machine and device for detecting temperature, start computing machine and device for detecting temperature, by computing machine and the information that provides according to process a, time of origin, temperature sampling step-length, the goods of setting goods transport allow highest temperature, for temperature monitoring, warning in the cold insulation transportation provide condition.

D. the outbound of goods, vanning and loading process: will betransported goods and from cold store, take out according to quantity, the agent for storage of coldness of determining will be calculated, be placed in the insulation packing chest by rational position, and the temperature sensor probe of the one or more device for detecting temperature behind the setup parameter is arranged on the position that insulation packing chest inside can characterize cargo temperature, then packing chest is sealed, and be loaded in the transportation means.The cold insulation packing chest here comprises that common cold insulation casing, cold insulation freight container, cold insulation automobile, cold insulation train casing etc. have the container of the splendid attire goods of heat insulation function.

(2) the cold insulation haulage stage between departure place and the destination: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.

E. cold insulation transportation: the insulation packing chest that is packaged with goods, agent for storage of coldness, device for detecting temperature moves to the process of destination from the departure place with transportation means; In transportation, device for detecting temperature carries out real time recording to cargo temperature in the insulation can or/and show, and when temperature surpasses the goods maximum permissible temperature warning reminding, require escort personnel to take to replenish measures such as agent for storage of coldness.

(3) unloading of destination and catabolic phase: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.This stage comprises following process:

F. unload and decomposable process: transportation means arrives the operation process behind the destination, and comprising: the insulation packing chest that will be packaged with goods, agent for storage of coldness, device for detecting temperature shifts out from transportation means; Goods, agent for storage of coldness, device for detecting temperature are taken out from the insulation packing chest; To processes such as the disposal of agent for storage of coldness and goods warehousing.Wherein:

The disposal process of agent for storage of coldness: check the melting state of agent for storage of coldness and whether leakage phenomenon is arranged,, need discarded or replacing packaging bag,, then can freeze once more, recycle if excellent to it if leakage is arranged.

Goods warehousing process: will arrive the cold chain link that the goods of destination leaves cold store on request in or enters next stage.

G. the output of the parameter of device for detecting temperature generates and print procedure with report file: with serial communication wire joint computing machine and device for detecting temperature, start computing machine, by computing machine (comprising chopping machine) storage or/and print from the processing operation of departure place to destination and transport the temperature traverse report file (comprising data sheet and pictorial statement) that betransported goods the overall process with cold insulation.

Arrive device for detecting temperature, agent for storage of coldness and insulation packing chest behind the destination after process f, g dispose, transport back to the goods Original Departure Point or from this destination and enter new cold insulation transit link.(4) report information and feedback stage: this stage has only flow of information, and does not have flow of material.

With process g storage or/and the cargo temperature that betransported of the overall process of printing change report file (comprising data sheet and pictorial statement file) and be submitted to goods user and transportation owner respectively so that both sides grasp the temperature variations of transporting the overall process goods and the quality state of goods.

Fig. 2 is the calculation flow chart of prediction agent for storage of coldness use amount.The present invention adopts the meteorologic parameter forecast model of goods geographic location in moving process and agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model to predict the use amount of agent for storage of coldness.

H. by departure place, destination and cold insulation transportation the historical meteorologic parameter of main cities of process and following 72 hours weather forecast, set up the meteorologic parameter forecast model of goods geographic location in moving process.

One of key issue of the use amount of prediction agent for storage of coldness be following several days goods positions of prediction with constantly comprise outside meteorologic parameters such as temperature and humidity.Because moving timetable in the geographic position of the unloading of vanning and loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and catabolic phase with goods, goods changes, and exterior following meteorologic parameter also is unknown, so need set up the meteorologic parameter forecast model, to determine the goods geographic location with constantly, the cold draining amount of insulation casing.

Describe the method for building up of goods meteorologic parameter forecast model of geographic location in moving process below in detail.

Q. given vanning and the goods of the unloading of loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and the catabolic phase timetable that moves overall process from the goods departure place.

In the time requirement of the loading and unloading operation of departure place and destination and the vehicle situation in the transportation, formulate the timetable that goods moves overall process according to customer requirements, goods by the transportation owner.The substance of this timetable requires to comprise in such a month, and on such a day certain geographic position at goods place constantly, as with Beijing between the Shanghai to pass through the cold insulation transportation that train carries out be example, illustrate that goods moves the timetable of overall process:

Constantly	The place	Remarks
			On August 2nd, 2003 6:00-18:00	In Beijing	From 6:00-18:00, carry out packing, the stuffing of goods, and the goods that vanning is finished transfers to whole operation process of Railway station from packing shop, needs 12 hours altogether

On August 2nd, 2003 18:00	Beijing Station	The cold insulation transportation needs 11 hours 36 minutes
			On August 2nd, 2003 19:20	The station, Tianjin
……	?……
			On August 3rd, 2003 5:36	Shanghai Station
On August 3rd, 2003 5:36-17:36	In the Shanghai City				During this period, need unload, be transported to the goods destination to goods and decompose, put in storage operations such as processing, need 12 hours altogether

R. be benchmark with goods at the initial time of departure place stuffing, in the input days past each city that need pass through of goods moving process by the time meteorologic parameter.

From meteorological observatory obtain the prediction and calculation moment a few days ago in (be generally one to five day, if data are many more, then prediction and calculation is accurate more) goods moving process need through the reality of main cities by the time meteorologic parameter.For example, if meteorologic parameter was as one of fundamentals of forecasting when the history actual measurement of getting over 3 days was pursued, 6:00 began to carry out agent for storage of coldness use amount prediction work before vanning begins with loading operation on August 2nd, 2003, then need import in 72 hours (3 days) by the time Practical Meteorological Requirements parameter (temperature unit: ℃), as:

Temperature when the goods moving process need pass through pursuing of past 1～24 hour of main cities:

Temperature when the goods moving process need pass through pursuing of past 25～48 hours of main cities:

……

S. import meteorological observatory issue 72 hours futures each city that the goods moving process need pass through the weather forecast parameter, comprise the highest temperature, the lowest temperature etc.As, according to the weather forecast in 72 hours futures of 6:00 National Weather Service issue on August 2nd, 2003, need in the goods moving process obtaining the highest temperature, the lowest temperature (unit: ℃) of the main cities of process, if can forecast relative humidity, also can handle accordingly.As:

T. according to (as getting 3 days) in the days past by the time meteorologic parameter and following 72 hours weather forecast, from departure place stuffing initial time, by the time prediction needed in the goods moving process in following 72 hours through the city by the time meteorologic parameter.

Calculate j days by the time temperature form factor a _{I, j}:

$a_{i,j}=\frac{t_{w,i,j}-t_{w,l,j}}{t_{w,h,j}-t_{w,l,j}}---\left(1\right)$

As j=0 ,-1 ,-2 the time, calculate a according to measured value _{I, j}As j=1,2,3 the time, need go out a according to predictor calculation _{I, j}

Calculate following j days by the time temperature correction form factor a _{I, j}':

$a_{i,j}^{\′}=\underset{k=-2}{\overset{k=(j-l)}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_{i,k}{\mathrm{\β}}_k---\left(2\right)$

Calculate following j days by the time temperature predictor, the present invention proposes a kind of correction form factor method and predicts:

$t_{w,i,j}^{*}=a_{i,j}^{\′}(t_{w,h,j}^{*}-t_{w,l,j}^{*})+t_{w,l,j}^{*}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, t---the outside air temperature of goods geographic location

β---coefficient of correction, $\underset{k=-2}{\overset{k=(j-l)}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\β}}_2=1$

Subscript: ^*---the expression predictor

Subscript: w---expression is extraneous

I---represent each moment of every day

J---represent following j days, during j=1, following 1～24 hour of expression; During j=2, expression is following 25～

48 hours; During j=3, following 49～72 hours of expression

H---the peak of expression weather forecast

L---the minimum of expression weather forecast

K---intermediate variable

Thus, move timetable, measurablely go out in following 72 hours scopes according to formula (1)～(3) and goods, the city that weather forecast is arranged by the time temperature.

U. utilize the need that step t dopes to move timetable through the meteorologic parameter in city and the goods of step q input, calculate between the two adjacent cities in the road by the time meteorologic parameter.

Because weather forecast at present only provides the weather forecast of national main cities, so step (iv) can only dope goods need through the city by the time meteorologic parameter, yet goods moves the timetable motion by it, so need to determine the meteorologic parameter constantly of each in the road between the two adjacent cities.The present invention proposes to describe with the meteorologic parameter in two adjacent cities and goods shift position.

For example, goods move determined in the timetable goods at the 2nd day a constantly through city A, constantly will arrive city B at the 2nd day b, the distance between city A and the B is S _ABWhen goods moves between city A and city B, and the distance apart from city A is S when leaving behind the A of city τ hour _{A, τ}, the meteorologic parameter of goods position is:

$t_{w,(a+\mathrm{\τ})}^{*}=t_{w,(a+\mathrm{\τ}),2,A}^{*}(1-\frac{S_{A,\mathrm{\τ}}}{S_{\mathrm{AB}}})+t_{w,(a+\mathrm{\τ}),2,B}^{*}\left(\frac{S_{A,\mathrm{\τ}}}{S_{\mathrm{AB}}}\right)---\left(4\right)$

Can dope the meteorologic parameter of goods geographic location in moving process according to formula (1)～(4).

I. set up agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model, comprise unsteady-state heat transfer lumped parameter model and the agent for storage of coldness and the goods heat transfer coupling model of goods in agent for storage of coldness phase-change heat transfer model, the insulation casing.Utilize meteorologic parameter and the agent for storage of coldness and the goods heat transfer coupling model of position in the goods moving process, calculate the temperature or the ice content IPF of the insulation casing heat exchange amount in interior goods each moment in moving process, cargo temperature t, agent for storage of coldness; And effective cold insulation time τ of agent for storage of coldness.

Describe the method for building up of agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model below in detail.The diabatic process of agent for storage of coldness and goods is very complicated in the insulation casing, is the simplification problem, and actual conditions are done following hypothesis:

1. do not consider the area difference of casing surfaces externally and internally;

2. agent for storage of coldness is ignored its volume change in phase transition process;

3. the phase transition temperature of agent for storage of coldness and latent heat are constant, and its numerical value is the agent for storage of coldness physics value;

4. it is identical with goods ambient air temperature temperature to betransported goods in the insulation can.

(i) the phase-change heat transfer model of agent for storage of coldness:

Agent for storage of coldness freeze finishing temperature t _St0Generally be lower than its phase transition temperature t _m, in use, agent for storage of coldness absorbs the heat of goods and the heat that imports into through insulation can body wall face gradually, and temperature rises gradually, and up to reaching phase transition temperature, this process is that agent for storage of coldness provides cold in solid sensible heat mode to goods; When the agent for storage of coldness temperature reaches phase transition temperature t _mThe time, will melt gradually, till melting fully, this process agent for storage of coldness provides cold in the latent heat mode to goods; After this, agent for storage of coldness will provide cold to goods in liquid sensible heat mode, and when the agent for storage of coldness temperature arrived cargo temperature, the temperature of agent for storage of coldness and goods all can rise because of the heat transfer of insulation can body wall face is common.Therefore, the energy equation of agent for storage of coldness in above-mentioned solid-solid-liquid phase change-three processes of liquid is respectively:

When agent for storage of coldness is solid: $Q_{\mathrm{st}}={\mathrm{mc}}_s\frac{{\mathrm{dt}}_{\mathrm{st}}}{\mathrm{d\τ}}---\left(5\right)$

When agent for storage of coldness is the solid-liquid coexistence: $Q_{\mathrm{st}}=\mathrm{mL}\frac{d\left(\mathrm{IPF}\right)}{\mathrm{d\τ}}---\left(6\right)$

When agent for storage of coldness is liquid: $Q_{\mathrm{st}}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="mc"\; filenames="A0315350600191.png,A0315350600201.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">mc</figure-callout>}}_1\frac{{\mathrm{dt}}_{\mathrm{st}}}{\mathrm{d\&tau;}}---\left(7\right)$

(ii) be incubated the unsteady-state heat transfer lumped parameter model of goods in the casing:

Lumped-parameter method is a kind of simplification analysis method of analyzing the unstable state conduction process, and it ignores the interior of articles thermal conduction resistance, thinks that whole object is being under the same temperature in a flash together, and the temperature of at this moment finding the solution is the function of a single variable of time only just, and irrelevant with coordinate.The thermal conduction resistance of considering goods in the insulation can is much smaller than the convective heat exchange thermal resistance between its surface and the agent for storage of coldness, so adopt the basic skills of lumped-parameter method for simulation.

With object in the casing and air is research object, according to lumped-parameter method thought, can obtain goods unsteady-state heat transfer lumped parameter model in the casing:

$\frac{\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{d\&tau;}}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{sb}}{V}_{\mathrm{sb}}{c}_{\mathrm{sb}}+{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_a{V}_a{c}_a)=K_{\mathrm{box}}{F}_{\mathrm{box}}(t_w-t)+v_a({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_w{h}_w-{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_a{h}_a)-Q_{\mathrm{sb}}---\left(8\right)$

Q _sb＝K _stF _st(t-t _st)??????????????????????????????????????(9)

If box sealing is tight, when not having gas leak phenomenon, the air penetration item can be ignored, promptly

v _a(ρ _wh _w-ρ _ah _a)＝0

(iii) agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model

No matter agent for storage of coldness is solid, solid-liquid coexists when still being liquid, and goods and air are passed to the heat of agent for storage of coldness in the casing, equate with the cold that agent for storage of coldness discharges, so

Q _st＝Q _sb???????????????????????????????????????????????(10)

The initial condition (IC) of above-mentioned set of equations (1)～(6):

t _st＝t _st，0，?t＝t ₀????????????????????????????????????(11)

Its external environment temperature t _wWith specific enthalpy t _wBe the function of time, need are determined according to the meteorologic parameter forecast model of the goods moving process geographic location that step a sets up:

t _w＝t _w(τ)，??h _w＝h _w(τ)???????????????????????????????(12)

In the formula of (5)～(12), the meaning of each physical quantity is as follows:

Goods and air themperature in t---the insulation can

τ---the time

Q _St---the heat that agent for storage of coldness obtains

Q _Sb---agent for storage of coldness is the cold that discharges of goods and air towards periphery

ρ _Sb, c _Sb---betransported the density and the specific heat of goods

V _Sb---betransported the volume of goods in the casing

ρ _a, c _a---the density and the specific heat of air

V _a---the volume of air in the casing

K _Box---the coefficient of heat transfer in the insulation can between goods and the casing outside air

F _Box---insulation can wall area

t _w---the external environment temperature changes with moving of goods

v _a---in the insulation can with the ventilation volume of external environment unit time

ρ _w---the density of external environment air

h _w---the specific enthalpy of external environment air changes h with moving of goods _w=h _w(t _w, _w)

_w---the relative humidity of external environment air changes with moving of goods

h _a---the specific enthalpy of air in the insulation can, h _a=h _a(t ), depends on air themperature and relative humidity in the case

t _m---the phase transition temperature of agent for storage of coldness

The quality of m---agent for storage of coldness

The latent heat of L---agent for storage of coldness

c _s---the specific heat of solid agent for storage of coldness

c _l---the specific heat of liquid agent for storage of coldness

t ₀---the initial temperature (precooling temperature) of goods in the insulation can

t _{St, 0}---the initial temperature of agent for storage of coldness

" ice content " of IPF---agent for storage of coldness, the ratio of expression solid agent for storage of coldness quality and agent for storage of coldness total mass

F _St---the external surface area of agent for storage of coldness packaging bag

K _St---agent for storage of coldness solid and betransported the coefficient of heat transfer between the goods

$K_{\mathrm{st}}=f({\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{\mathrm{st}},K_{\mathrm{wr}},K)=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_{\mathrm{st}}}+R_{\mathrm{wr}}+R}---\left(13\right)$

The meaning of each physical quantity in the formula (13) is as follows:

α _St---the convection transfer rate in agent for storage of coldness surface and the case between the air

R _Wr---the thermal conduction resistance of packaging bag

R---agent for storage of coldness in-to-in thermal conduction resistance, its numerical value by a large amount of test results conclude, match determines.

R＝R(τ)＝R(IPF)????????????????????????????????(10)

Utilize formula (1)～(10) to be agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model, it is an another important tool of calculating the agent for storage of coldness use amount.

J. given goods moves the timetable of overall process from the goods of the unloading of the vanning of departure place and loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and catabolic phase.Above-mentioned related content referring to this specification sheets.

Scantling of structure and material, agent for storage of coldness physical parameter and the initial temperature of k. given kind that betransported goods and quality, insulation can; Known conditions and related constraint conditions such as the cold insulation time of the initial temperature of goods, maximum permissible temperature and requirement.

Utilize formula (1)～(10) described agent for storage of coldness use amount forecast model, and according to betransporteding cargo quantity, kind, transportation range between departure place and the destination and meteorologic parameter, the haulage time section, the agent for storage of coldness rerum natura, insulation can structure, specification and material and operation (vanning, the unloading) Time Calculation in departure place and destination go out the agent for storage of coldness use amount that overall process guarantees cargo temperature.

L. provide the initial value of agent for storage of coldness use amount;

M. the goods that provides according to step j moves the overall process timetable, and the meteorologic parameter forecast model that utilizes step h to set up calculates the outside meteorologic parameter of goods position.

N. the known and constraint condition that provides according to step k is utilized the agent for storage of coldness of step I foundation and effective cold insulation time that goods heat transfer coupling model calculates goods.

If the effective cold insulation time that o. calculates then increases the agent for storage of coldness use amount less than the cargo requirement cold insulation time, and turn back to step m and carry out double counting, till effective cold insulation time is more than or equal to the cargo requirement cold insulation time.

P. export the goods that calculates by above-mentioned steps and move the secondary refrigerant use amount that overall process needs.

Fig. 3 is the contour structures sketch of device for detecting temperature, and it is made of temperature sensor probe, temperature sensor wires, temperature-detecting device body and serial communication interface.

Fig. 4 is the device for detecting temperature structured flowchart, and the temperature-detecting device body comprises battery, temperature collection circuit, A/D change-over circuit, data logging and display circuit, quantitative data input and output circuit.Battery is the working power of temperature-detecting device, and temperature collection circuit will be passed back by temperature sensor wires 3 by temperature sensor probe 2 detected analog electrical signals, and be sent to the A/D change-over circuit; The A/D change-over circuit is converted to numerical information with the analog electrical signal of passing back by calculating, transfers to data logging and display circuit; Data logging and display circuit are recorded in the data of passing back in the built-in microcomputer chip, and export, show, for the user provides Current Temperatures information by liquid crystal or charactron; Quantitative data input and output circuit and serial communication interface 5 are to realize and the circuit of compunication, write data (parameter setting) or read write down and data presented (parameter output) from internal memory by outer computer built-in temperature trace routine of microcomputer chip in device for detecting temperature.

Fig. 5 is device for detecting temperature and computing machine connection diagram.In the departure place, transportation owner or operating personal connect computing machine 7 and device for detecting temperature 1 with serial communication line 6, start computing machine 7 and device for detecting temperature 1, by computing machine 7 and the information that provides according to process a, time of origin, temperature sampling step-length, the goods of setting goods transport allow highest temperature t*, for temperature monitoring, warning in the cold insulation transportation provide condition.After arriving the destination, connect computing machine 7 and device for detecting temperature 1 with serial communication line 6, start computing machine 7, from the overall process of departure place to destination, betransported cargo temperature by computing machine 7 (comprising chopping machine) storage and/or output (comprising printing) and change form (comprising data sheet and pictorial statement).

Fig. 6 represents that device for detecting temperature is provided with position view in insulation in the packing chest.Will be according to calculating the agent for storage of coldness of determining 9 and betransporteding goods 10 (the interior white space of casing is represented goods among the figure), be placed in the insulation packing chest 8 by rational position, and the temperature sensor probe 2 of the one or more device for detecting temperature 1 behind the setup parameter is arranged on the position that insulation packing chest 8 inside can characterize cargo temperature, then packing chest 8 is sealed, and be loaded in the transportation means.The insulation packing chest 8 here comprises that common cold insulation casing, cold insulation freight container, cold insulation automobile, cold insulation train casing etc. have the container of the splendid attire goods of heat insulation function.

Fig. 7 is the workflow diagram of device for detecting temperature built-in temperature monitoring facilities.In the loading and unloading operation process of departure place and destination, device for detecting temperature is worked always before and after transportation and transportation, and the temperature sampling time step that sets of c is carried out temperature detection, record and demonstration set by step.Then send alarm message when the goods actual temperature that reads when the built-in temperature monitoring facilities is higher than the goods maximum permissible temperature, remind the staff to take emergency measures, as replenishing agent for storage of coldness etc.

Fig. 8 is the temperature variation curve in the different insulation cans that obtain in the specific embodiment.

Embodiment:

Further describe " the cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation " that the present invention proposes below in conjunction with embodiment.

Involved in the present invention to flow of material and flow of information comprise five stages altogether, the idiographic flow in each stage is as follows:

(1) vanning of departure place and loading stage: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.This stage comprises following process:

A. the forecasting process of agent for storage of coldness use amount: this time the concrete parameter of transportation is:

Betransported goods: 4 casees blood products, the weight of every case blood product are 22kg

Goods allows highest temperature: t ^*=10 ℃ (be higher than 10 ℃, this blood product will take place rotten)

Goods precooling temperature: t0=3 ℃

The casing specification: plasticon plastic, thermal-insulation casing, scantling of structure is: length * thickness=46.5cm * 36.5cm * 24cm * 2cm

Transport distance: Beijing---Shanghai, 1463km altogether

Meteorologic parameter: the weather forecast of local issue

The train operation period: 18:00-5:36 next day, totally 11 hours 36 minutes

Processing production time: 24 hours (comprising the vanning of departure place and the unloading of loading stage and destination and the total operation time of catabolic phase)

Require the cold insulation time of goods: 35 hours 36 minutes (train operation period+processing production time=11 hour 36 minutes+24 hours=35 hours 36 minutes)

Effective cold insulation time of agent for storage of coldness (promptly guaranteeing the time of cargo temperature below maximum permissible temperature): 36 hours

According to above-mentioned condition, utilize agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model, the use amount that calculates agent for storage of coldness is 3 bags of KJ2# agent for storage of coldness of every case.

B. the taking-up process of agent for storage of coldness: agent for storage of coldness KJ2# is amounted to 12 bags from freezing equipment, take out, for goods vanning process is got ready.

C. the parameter assignment procedure of device for detecting temperature: this time the concrete parameter set of transportation is as follows:

Agent for storage of coldness uses period: 6:00---next day 20:00, amount to 36 hours

Temperature sampling time of origin: 6:00

The time step of temperature sampling: 2 minutes

Goods allows highest temperature: 10 ℃

D. the outbound of goods, vanning and loading process: this time use plasticon plastic, thermal-insulation casing in the transportation; To betransported goods and from cold store, take out according to quantity and put into the insulation casing,, be placed on two shorter side and the middle part of insulation packing chest along casing length direction vertical pendulum 3 bags of KJ2# agent for storage of coldness; In each insulation casing, 1 temperature sensor probe is set, the middle part of probe positions goods between two bags of agent for storage of coldness; Then packing chest is sealed, and carrying, be loaded into train and salute in the car.

(2) the cold insulation haulage stage between departure place and the destination: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.

E. cold insulation transportation: the transportation section is Beijing---Shanghai, and temperature-detecting device detects cargo temperature.

(3) unloading of destination and catabolic phase: this stage is comprising flow of material and flow of information.This stage comprises following process:

F. unload and decomposable process: train unloads goods after arriving the destination, is carried to the destination; From the insulation casing, take out agent for storage of coldness and device for detecting temperature, blood product is stored in the cold store; Check agent for storage of coldness, find to stand intact, can recycle.

G. the output of the parameter of device for detecting temperature generates and print procedure with report file: with serial communication wire joint computing machine and device for detecting temperature, start computing machine, the storage temperature of downloading in the device for detecting temperature by computing machine (comprising chopping machine) changes report file, print this document, one of temperature traverse form of transportation acquisition this time is as accompanying drawing 8.

(4) report information and feedback stage: with temperature traverse report file shown in Figure 8, send to goods user and transportation owner respectively with E-MAIL and/or printout, so that be transported the shipping mass of blood product in the clear and definite cold insulation this time of goods user and the transportation owner transportation overall process.

" cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation " by above-mentioned four-stage formation, through facts have proved, the goods of quality, the loss of reduction perishables, minimizing agent for storage of coldness betransported to(for) raising use and improve transportation owner's service quality, have all obtained obvious social and economic benefit.

Claims (3)

1. a cold insulation temperature Managing Method for Cooling Transportation is characterized in that this management process comprises flow of material and two aspects of flow of information, specifically comprises the steps:

A. according to betransporteding the kind of goods and quality, departure place and destination, transportation period and production time, insulation can scantling of structure and material thereof, agent for storage of coldness rerum natura, utilize agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model and meteorological parametric prediction model to calculate the agent for storage of coldness use amount of overall process assurance cargo temperature;

B. from cold store, take out the agent for storage of coldness that has freezed of required use amount;

C. device for detecting temperature is linked to each other with computing machine by serial interface, utilize the computing machine highest temperature that input temp sampling step length and goods allow in the device for detecting temperature that contains the temperature monitoring program;

Temperature sensor gauge head, agent for storage of coldness and the goods of the one or more device for detecting temperature after d. parameter being set packed in the insulation packing chest;

E. will be incubated packing chest and put into the transportation of transportation means beginning cold insulation, and in transportation, make device for detecting temperature carry out real time recording or/and show, and when temperature surpasses the goods maximum permissible temperature warning reminding;

F. after goods arrives the destination, unloading and decomposition;

G. device for detecting temperature is taken out from the insulation casing, link to each other with computing machine by serial interface, utilize computer storage and change report file, and it is submitted to the user and transports the owner or/and print the cargo temperature of from origin to destination processing operation and cold insulation transportation overall process.

2. according to the described method for managing temperature of claim 1, it is characterized in that: prediction agent for storage of coldness use amount is carried out as follows among the described step a:

H. by departure place, destination and cold insulation transportation the historical meteorologic parameter of main cities of process and following 72 hours weather forecast, set up the meteorologic parameter forecast model of goods geographic location in moving process;

I. set up agent for storage of coldness and goods heat transfer coupling model, this coupling model comprises unsteady-state heat transfer lumped parameter model and the agent for storage of coldness and the goods heat transfer coupling model of goods in agent for storage of coldness phase-change heat transfer model, the insulation casing;

J. given goods moves the timetable of overall process from the goods of the unloading of the vanning of departure place and loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and catabolic phase;

Scantling of structure and material, agent for storage of coldness physical parameter and the initial temperature of k. given kind that betransported goods and quality, insulation can; The cold insulation time of the initial temperature of goods, maximum permissible temperature and requirement;

L. provide the initial value of agent for storage of coldness use amount;

M. the goods that provides according to step j moves the overall process timetable, utilizes the meteorologic parameter forecast model of setting up among the step h, calculates the outside meteorologic parameter of goods position;

N. the known conditions that provides according to step k utilizes the agent for storage of coldness of step I foundation and effective cold insulation time that goods heat transfer coupling model calculates goods;

O. if effective cold insulation time of calculating of step n less than the cargo requirement cold insulation time, then increases the agent for storage of coldness use amount, and turn back to step m and carry out double counting, till effective cold insulation time is more than or equal to the cargo requirement cold insulation time;

P. export goods at last and move the agent for storage of coldness use amount that overall process needs.

3. according to the described method for managing temperature of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the meteorologic parameter Forecasting Methodology that is adopted when predicting the agent for storage of coldness use amount in step h comprises following steps:

Q. given vanning and the goods of the unloading of loading stage, cold insulation haulage stage and destination and the catabolic phase timetable that moves overall process from the goods departure place;

R. be benchmark with goods at the initial time of departure place stuffing, meteorologic parameter when pursuing that the past in each city that input goods moving process need pass through is preceding 1～5 day;

S. import meteorological observatory issue 72 hours futures each city that the goods moving process need pass through the weather forecast parameter;

T. according to the past in a few days ago by the time meteorologic parameter and following 72 hours weather forecast, from departure place stuffing initial time, calculate needed in the goods moving process in following 72 hours through the city by the time meteorologic parameter;

U. utilize need that step t calculates to move timetable, calculate between the two adjacent cities the outside meteorologic parameter of each point position in the road through the meteorologic parameter and the given goods of step q in city.

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